Goldene Kamera

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This article is not about the Caméra d'Or.

The Goldene Kamera

The Goldene Kamera (en: Golden Camera) is an annual German television award,
awarded by the television magazine HÖRZU. The gold-plated silver award model was
created by Berlin artist Wolfram Beck. It is 25 centimeters (approximately 10 inches)
high and weighs around 600 grams. In the category for the best newcomer actor/actress
the name of the award is Lilli-Palmer-und-Curd-Jürgens-Gedächtniskamera (en: Lilli
Palmer and Curd Jürgens Memorial Camera). Only this category involves a prize money
of 20,000 euro.

The award was first presented in 1965 as a strictly German television award. Since 1987,
it has also been awarded to international stars. And in 1995 the categories expanded to
more public interests, such as pop groups and organizations, for example Greenpeace.

The award show (Verleihung der Goldenen Kamera) is usually held in early February in
Berlin, but has also taken place in Hamburg 5 times, and once in Dortmund.
Digital camera
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A digital camera (also digicam or camera for short) is a camera that takes video or still
photographs, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor.

Front and back of Canon PowerShot A95

Many compact digital still cameras can record sound and moving video as well as still
photographs. Most 21st century cameras are digital.[1]

Digital cameras can do things film cameras cannot: displaying images on a screen
immediately after they are recorded, storing thousands of images on a single small
memory device, recording video with sound, and deleting images to free storage space.
Some can crop pictures and perform other elementary image editing. The optical system
works the same as in film cameras, typically using a lens with a variable diaphragm to
focus light onto an image pickup device. The diaphragm and shutter admit the correct
amount of light to the imager, just as with film but the image pickup device is electronic
rather than chemical.

Digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile
phones (called camera phones) to vehicles. The Hubble Space Telescope and other
astronomical devices are essentially specialized digital cameras.
Camera
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For other uses, see Camera (disambiguation).

Cameras from large to small, film to digital

A camera is a device that records/stores images. These images may be still photographs
or moving images such as videos or movies. The term camera comes from the camera
obscura (Latin for "dark chamber"), an early mechanism for projecting images. The
modern camera evolved from the camera obscura.

Cameras may work with the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the
electromagnetic spectrum. A camera generally consists of an enclosed hollow with an
opening (aperture) at one end for light to enter, and a recording or viewing surface for
capturing the light at the other end. A majority of cameras have a lens positioned in front
of the camera's opening to gather the incoming light and focus all or part of the image on
the recording surface. Most 20th century cameras used photographic film as a recording
surface, while modern ones use an electronic camera sensor. The diameter of the aperture
is often controlled by a diaphragm mechanism, but some cameras have a fixed-size
aperture.

A typical still camera takes one photo each time the user presses the shutter button. A
typical movie camera continuously takes 24 film frames per second as long as the user
holds down the shutter button, or until the shutter button is pressed a second time.
Camera phone
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See also: Mobile phone and Videophone. For the song performed by The Game,
Feat and Ne-Yo see: Camera Phone (song)

A Sony Ericsson K800i camera phone

The camera phone instantly sharing media

A camera phone is a mobile phone which is able to capture either still photographs or
video. Since early in the 21st century the majority of cameras and of mobile phones in
use are camera phones.[1] Most camera phones are simpler than separate digital cameras.
Their usual fixed focus lenses and smaller sensors limit their performance in poor
lighting, and most have a long shutter lag and no flash. Many lack a USB connection,
removable memory card, or other way of transferring their pictures more quickly than by
the phone's inherent communication feature. Some of the more expensive camera phones
have only a few of these technical disadvantages, which in any case have not inhibited
their widespread use.
nstant camera
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This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (April 2009)

The Polaroid Land Camera model 103

The Polaroid SX-70 Model 2

The Polaroid Land Camera model J66

Polaroid Square Shooter 2

The instant camera is a type of camera with self-developing film. The best known are
those formerly made by Polaroid Corporation.

The invention of modern instant cameras is generally credited to American scientist

Edwin Land, who unveiled the first commercial instant camera, the Land Camera, in
1947, 10 years after founding Polaroid Corporation.

In February 2008, Polaroid announced it would discontinue production of film, shut

down three factories and lay off 450 workers.[1] Sales of chemical film by all makers have
dropped by at least 25% per year in the first decade of the 21st century, and the decline is
likely to accelerate. Fujifilm is now the only remaining supplier of instant film in the
United States. However, in October 2009, Polaroid announced it would bring back its
classic instant film cameras, after announcing the year before that production was to be
stopped.[2]
Video camera
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A Sony high definition video camera.

A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition, initially
developed by the television industry but now common in other applications as well. The
earliest video cameras were those of John Logie Baird, based on the electromechanical
Nipkow disk and used by the BBC in experimental broadcasts through the 1930s. All-
electronic designs based on the cathode ray tube, such as Vladimir Zworykin's
Iconoscope and Philo T. Farnsworth's Image dissector, supplanted the Baird system by
the 1940s and remained in wide use until the 1980s, when cameras based on solid-state
image sensors such as CCDs (and later CMOS active pixel sensors) eliminated common
problems with tube technologies such as burn-in and made digital video workflow
practical.

Video cameras are used primarily in two modes. The first, characteristic of much early
television, is what might be called a live broadcast, where the camera feeds real time
images directly to a screen for immediate observation; in addition to live television
production, such usage is characteristic of security, military/tactical, and industrial
operations where surreptitious or remote viewing is required. The second is to have the
images recorded to a storage device for archiving or further processing; for many years,
videotape has been the primary format used for this purpose, but optical disc media, hard
disk, and flash memory are all increasingly used. Recorded video is used not only in
television and film production, but also surveillance and monitoring tasks where
unattended recording of a situation is required for later analysis.

Modern video cameras have numerous designs and uses, not all of which resemble the
early television cameras.
Professional video camera
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A professional video camera (often called a television camera even though the use has
spread) is a high-end device for creating electronic moving images (as opposed to a
movie camera, that records the images on film). Originally developed for use in
television studios, they are now commonly used for corporate and educational videos,
music videos, and direct-to-video movies.

There are two types of professional video cameras: High end portable, recording cameras
(essentially, high-end camcorders) used for ENG and EFP image acquisition, and studio
cameras which lack the recording capability of a camcorder, and are often fixed on studio
pedestals. Portable professional cameras are generally much larger than consumer
cameras and are designed to be carried on the shoulder.

History

Early studio television camera -- Gray box on right is the lens, gray box on top is the
Viewfinder, sides are lowered to show internal electronics.

Professional television camera history has two main lines: the gradual shrinking of the
camera as it became more versatile and self contained; and a progression of sensors from
large insensitive tubes to smaller, much more sensitive tubes and finally to very small,
very sensitive solid state chip imagers. Cameras that contained their own recording
mechanisms did not appear until the early 1980s.

At the beginning, these cameras were very large devices, almost always in two sections.
The camera section held the lens and tube pre-amps and other necessary electronics, and
was connected with a large diameter multi-core cable to the rest of the camera
electronics, usually mounted in a rack. The rack would be in a separate room in the
studio, or in a remote truck. The camera head alone could not generate a video picture
signal on its own. The video signal was output from the rack unit to the rest of the studio
for switching and transmission. By the fifties, electronic miniaturization had progressed
to the point where some monochrome cameras could operate stand alone and even be
handheld. But the studio configuration remained, with the large cable bundle transmitting
the signals back to the CCU (Camera Control Unit). The CCU in turn was used to align
and operate the camera's functions, such as exposure, system timing, and video and black
levels.

The first color cameras (1950s in the US, early 1960's in Europe), notably the RCA TK-
40/41 series, were much more complex with their three (and in some models even four)
pickup tubes, and the size and weight drastically increased. Handheld color cameras did
not come into general use until the early 1970s, and the first ones were two pieces, a
camera head shoulder unit that held the lens and tube section, and a backpack unit. The
Ikegami HL-33 was the first of this type, but was followed a up by one piece cameras.
These one piece cameras, (The HL-77 from Ikegami and the TK76 from RCA) made
possible, (in combination with portable 3/4" U-matic VCRs) the introduction of
Electronic News Gathering (ENG), which very rapidly replaced the 16mm film cameras
that had been the dominant method for capturing news events. This established the
standard operation in the field of a two person news crew, one operating the camera, and
one carrying the shoulder strapped U-matic recorder and a boom microphone. The
control layout (often called "form factor") for the camera's most important functions was
also established with these cameras, and continues to define an ENG camera to this day

Fluorescent lamp
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Fluorescent lamps
Assorted types of fluorescent lamps. Top, two compact fluorescent lamps. Bottom, two
regular tubes. Left, matchstick shown for scale.

Typical F71T12 100 W bi-pin lamp used in tanning beds. Note the (Hg) symbol
indicating it contains mercury. In the US this symbol is now required on all fluorescent
bulbs that contain mercury.

Inside the lamp end of a bi-pin lamp

A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a gas-discharge lamp that uses electricity to

excite mercury vapor. The excited mercury atoms produce short-wave ultraviolet light
that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light. A fluorescent lamp
converts electrical power into useful light more efficiently than an incandescent lamp.
Lower energy cost typically offsets the higher initial cost of the lamp. The lamp is more
costly because it requires a ballast to regulate the flow of current through the lamp.
While larger fluorescent lamps have been mostly used in commercial or institutional
buildings, the compact fluorescent lamp is now available in the same popular sizes as
incandescents and is used as an energy-saving alternative in homes.

Jeff Lamp
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Jeffrey Alan Lamp (born March 9, 1959 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is a retired

American professional basketball player who was selected by the Portland Trail Blazers
in the 1st round (15th overall) of the 1981 NBA Draft. A 6'6" guard-forward from the
University of Virginia, Lamp played in 6 NBA seasons for 4 different teams. He played
for the Trail Blazers, Milwaukee Bucks, San Antonio Spurs and Los Angeles Lakers.

In his NBA career, Lamp played in 291 games and scored a total of 1,495 points. His best
year as a professional came during the 1985-86 season when he split time with the Bucks
and Spurs, appearing in 74 games and averaging 8.2 ppg.

Lamp attended and played competitively at Ballard High School in Louisville, Kentucky.
 MAKALAH SINEMATOGRAFI

DI SUSUN
OLEH

NAMA : R FADJRI ADHIETTYOSWARA

KELAS : X-7
PELAJARAN : SINEMTOGRAFI