Lesson Plan On Concepts

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
Department of Education
CARAGA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
Division of Tandag City
JACINTO P. ELPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Capitol Hills, Telaje, Tandag City
Name of Teacher: Leilanie Grace T. Alvarado Sections: Aluminum, Shakespeare, Longfellow,

Platinum, Nihonium Learning Area: Science IX Time: 7:30-8:30;8:30-9:30;9:45-
10:45;1:30-2:30;3:30-4:30
I. OBJECTIVES
At the conclusion of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. explain that every organism requires a set of instruction that specifies its traits;
B. determine the structure and function of DNA;
C. appreciate the importance of nitrogenous bases pairing and its involvement in the
determination of an organism’s traits
D. Apply the learned concept on DNA and its base pairing through a jingle presentation.
II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: DNA: The Blueprint of Life
References:
Textbook: Science Phoenix IX
Websites: youtube.com
Slideshare.com
Duration: 60 minutes
Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, Manila Papers, Marker, Printed Barcode IM’s,
QR Code Application, Cellular Phones, Downloaded Videos
Science Approach: Discovery Approach
Prior Knowledge:
Students should previously have a basic understanding of heredity, plus that inherited traits
are passed, from parents to descendants, through their genes.
Students should know how and why cells divide and what occurs to the genetic material
throughout cell division.
III. PROCEDURE
A. ROUTINE ACTIVITIES
Prayer
Checking of Attendance
B. PRIMING ACTIVITY (Review and Motivation)
Task B.1: Decipher Game: The class will be divided into five groups. Each group is task to
unravel the code for each set of word flashed on the screen. Mechanics of the game will be shown
through a PowerPoint presentation.
Task B.2 : A commercial video clip about a Down Syndrome individual will be shown in class.
Guided Questions:
1. Why are codes used?
2. Can you describe the individual in the commercial clip?
3. What genetic factor contributes to the case of the individual in the commercial video?
C. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
C.1- ANALYSIS:
Task C.1 – Unravel the Barcode through a Station Activity: The students will be divided
into five groups with a printed reading material about the topic. They will be given a minimum of
three minutes to read the text. After which, they need to move to each designated stations and scan the
barcodes on the wall using a QR scanner application on their cellular phones to unveil the questions
and their tasks. Rubrics in presenting the output will be shown in a PowerPoint presentation.
C.2- ABSTRACTION:
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a double helix strand that dictates the appearance of an organism, it
is carried by the chromosomes which are found inside the nucleus, a normal human has 23 pairs of it
for a total of 46 chromosomes.
Chromosomes is a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living
cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
Guided Questions:
Station 1:
1. What does DNA stands for?
2. Where in the cell are the chromosomes located?
3. What is a gene?
Station 2:
4. Who were the two scientists who established the structure of the DNA?
5. What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
6. What three parts make up a single nucleotide?
Station 3:
7. What are the four bases that make up the rungs of the ladder of the DNA?
8. What sugar is found in DNA?
9. How do the bases bond together in DNA?
Station 4:
10. What holds the sides of the ladder together?
11. Why DNA is called the “Blueprint of Life”?
12. What enzyme unzips the DNA?
Station 5:
13. What specific enzyme adds new nucleotide to each strand of DNA molecule?
14. When a new cell is replicated, how does a new cell look like?
15. What is the main function of DNA?
C.3- APPLICATION:
Task: Using the learned vocabularies and ideas on base pairing, the students will design and
present a 2-3 minute DNA jingle following the rubric. (See attached rubric)
C.4- ASSESSMENT:
Directions: The following statements are false. Identify the word which makes each
statement false and replace it with the correct ones to make it true.
Example: The Golgi body is primarily considered the powerhouse of the cell.
Answer: Golgi Body- Mitochondrion/ Mitochondria
1. In a cell, the mitochondrion is considered as the control center which manipulates all the
activities of the cell.
2. DNA is called a nucleic acid because it was first found in the mitochondrion of the cell.
3. The sides of the ladder of the DNA are made of alternating sugars and macromolecules.
4. The rungs of the ladder are 4 types of phosphate molecules.
5. In a “base-pair” rule, adenine must be paired only with thymine and cytosine with
adenine.
6. The enzyme helicase helps in adding new nucleotides to each strand.
7. A gene is a segment of DNA which codes sugars and in turn codes for a traits.
8. DNA which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid is made up of a nucleotide molecule which
is composed of a phosphate, a sugar, a nitrogen base and an oxygen bond.
9. The enzyme polymerase unzips the molecules of the DNA.
10. The backbone of the DNA is primarily made up of phosphate and its nitrogen bases.
Key Answers:
1. Mitochondrion-Nucleus; 2. Mitochondrion-Nucleus; 3. Macromolecules- phosphates; 4. Phosphate
molecules- Nitrogen bases;
5. Adenine- guanine; 6. Helicase- polymerase; 7. Sugars- proteins; 8. Oxygen-hydrogen; 9. Polymerase-
helicase; 10. Nitrogen bases- sugars
IV- ASSIGNMENT:
Briefly discuss the benefits of using DNA evidences over other evidences such as blood typing and finger
printing.
Reading Text:
DNA - The Blueprint of Life
Recall that the nucleus is a small spherical, dense body in a cell. It is often called the "control center"
because it controls all the activities of the cell including cell reproduction, and heredity. How does it do this?
The nucleus controls these activities with chromosomes. Chromosomes are microscopic, threadlike strands
composed of the chemical DNA. In simple terms, DNA controls the production of proteins within the
cell. These proteins in turn, form the structural units of cells and control all chemical processes within the
cell. Think of proteins as the building blocks for an organism, proteins make up your skin, your hair, and
parts of individual cells. How you look is largely determined by the proteins that are made. The proteins
that are made are determined by the sequence of DNA in the nucleus.
Chromosomes are composed of genes. A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein,
which in turn codes for a trait. Hence you hear it commonly referred to as the gene for baldness or the
gene for blue eyes. Meanwhile, DNA is the chemical that genes and chromosomes are made of. It stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is called a nucleic acid because it was first found in the nucleus. We now
know that DNA is also found in organelles, the mitochondria and chloroplasts, though it is the DNA in the
nucleus that actually controls the cell's workings. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick established the
structure of DNA.
The shape of DNA is a double helix, which is like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of
alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar is called deoxyribose. The rungs of the ladder
are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases. Two of the bases are purines- adenine and guanine. The
pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine. The bases are known by their coded letters A, G, T, C. These
bases always bond in a certain way. Adenine will only bond to thymine. Guanine will only bond with
cytosine. This is known as the "Base-Pair Rule". The bases can occur in any order along a strand of DNA.
The order of these bases is the code that contains the instructions. The DNA helix is actually made of
repeating units called nucleotides. The combination of a single base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a
phosphate make up a nucleotide.
DNA Replication
Each time a new cell is made, the cell must receive an exact copy of the parent cell DNA. The new cells
then receive the instructions and information needed to function. The process of copying DNA is called
replication. Replication occurs in a unique way- instead of copying a complete new strand of DNA, the
process “saves” or conserves one of the original strand. When the DNA is ready to copy, the enzyme
helicase helps “unzips” the molecule itself and the enzyme polymerase helps in adding new nucleotides to
each side.
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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Name of Teacher: Leilanie Grace T. Alvarado Sections: Aluminum, Shakespeare, Longfellow,

II. SUBJECT MATTER

B. PRIMING ACTIVITY (Review and Motivation)

activities of the cell.

4. The rungs of the ladder are 4 types of phosphate molecules.

6. The enzyme helicase helps in adding new nucleotides to each strand.

is composed of a phosphate, a sugar, a nitrogen base and an oxygen bond.

9. The enzyme polymerase unzips the molecules of the DNA.

DNA - The Blueprint of Life

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