Oil Refining and National Refinery

Data - An Introduction
IEA Online Statistics Summer School
Session 2

Jan Stelter
Markus Fager-Pintilä
Energy Data Centre
© OECD/IEA 2016
 Aim of Presentation

 Introduction of how to report refinery sector

data on a national level
 Fundamentals for reporting refinery data

 Challenges in reporting refinery sector data

 Data Validation

© OECD/IEA 2016
 Primary and Secondary Oil Products
What is produced? What is consumed?
Crude oil, NGL and Secondary petroleum products
other hydrocarbons

LPG
2-5% Naphtha
Gasoline
20-35%

Refining Middle Distillates

30-40%
Fuel Oil

25-75% Others

© OECD/IEA 2016
 How many refineries exist worldwide?

 50
 300
 700
 1000
 2000

© OECD/IEA 2016
 How many of those refineries are
exactly the same?
 All refineries are the same.
 About 75% of all refineries are the same.
 About half of all refineries are the same.
 About 25% of all refineries are the same
 No two refineries are exactly the same.

© OECD/IEA 2016
 Refinery Map
 Oil refining is a complex process

 Process varies between refineries, depending

on configuration of the plant, inputs, etc.

Source: https://worldmap.harvard.edu/data/geonode:_crude_oil_refineries_retrieved_from__bff
© OECD/IEA 2016
 What is the difference between light
and heavy crude oils?
 Option A: Light crudes are located closer to the
earth’s surface than heavy crudes
 Option B: Light crudes have a lower sulphur
content than heavy crudes
 Option C: Light crudes have a lower density
than heavy crudes
 Option D: Light crudes are cheaper than heavy
crudes

© OECD/IEA 2016
 Different Crudes = Different Yields
Refinery Output for Selected Crude Oil Grades
API 44.0° API 37.5° API 34.0° API 10.7°
Sulphur 0.2% Sulphur 0.3% Sulphur 1.7% Sulphur 5.3%

100% 5% 3% 3% 2%

90%
22% 24%
29%
80% 33%
0%
70%
60%
38%
50% 39%
36%
40% 74%
30%
20% 37%
26% 29%
10%
0%
Saharan Brent Arab Light Boscan Heavy Oil
(Algeria) (North Sea) (Saudi Arabia) (Venezuela)

Heavy Products Middle Distillates Light Products Gas

© OECD/IEA 2016
 Simplification of a Complex Process
 IEA oil questionnaires focus on most important
refinery flows
 A country’s refinery sector is imagined as a
single refinery

© OECD/IEA 2016
 Refinery Losses
Amount in Conversion factor Amount in
kilotons barrels/ton kilobarrels

• Intake of crude oil,

NGL, other Crude oil:
feedstocks, blending 7.40 740
100
Intake components

• Conversion of
primary into 1% losses 5% gains
secondary oil (40kb)
products (1kt)
Processing
• Refinery Losses

LPG: 4 11.6 46.4

• Output of secondary Naphtha: 5 8.50 42.5
oil products (e.g. Gasoline: 30 8.53 255.9
gasoline, middle Middle Distillates: 35 7.75 271.25
Output distillates, fuel oil) Fuel Oil: 15 6.66 99.9
Other 10 6.40 64

Total: 99kt Weighted Average: Total: 780kb

7.88
© OECD/IEA 2016
 Data validation – Example on
refinery losses
Statisland
Statisland
Inputs
Inputs Unit: Mt
Unit: Mt Unit: Mtoe
Unit: Mtoe
Crude
Crude oil
oil 26.06
26.06 26.48
26.48
Outputs
Outputs
Refinery gas
Refinery gas 0.13
0.13 0.15
0.15
Liquefied petroleum
Liquefied petroleum gasesgases 0.58
0.58 0.66
0.66
Naphtha
Naphtha 2.84
2.84 3.04
3.04
Motor
Motor gasoline
gasoline 3.28
3.28 3.51
3.51
Kerosene type
Kerosene type jet
jet fuel
fuel 1.66
1.66 1.81
1.81
Kerosene
Kerosene 0.39
0.39 -> Conversion11 ->
-> Conversion -> 0.42
0.42
Gas/diesel
Gas/diesel oil oil 7.50
7.50 7.99
7.99
Fuel oil
Fuel oil 7.99
7.99 7.77
7.77
Lubricants
Lubricants 0.29
0.29 0.29
0.29
Bitumen
Bitumen 0.63
0.63 0.59
0.59
Petroleum
Petroleum coke coke 0.25
0.25 0.19
0.19
Non-specified
Non-specified oil
oil products
products 0.36
0.36 0.34
0.34
Total refinery
Total refinery output
output 25.89
25.89 26.75
26.75
losses 22
Refinery losses
Refinery 0.7%
0.7% -1.0%
-1.0%
1) Energy
1) Energy quantity
quantity == calorific
calorific value
value (net)
(net) ** physical
physical quantity
quantity
2) Losses
2) Losses == (input
(input -- output)
output) // input
input

Cause:
• Incorrect calorific values
• Crude oil, (non-specified)

© OECD/IEA 2016
 Data validation – Refinery losses
World refinery losses 1971-2014

Source: IEA statistics

Same can be done for regions:

• How does my country/refinery compare?
• Explaining factors for differences?

© OECD/IEA 2016
 Data validation - Output shares
World shares of refinery output 1971-2014

Source: IEA statistics

Same can be done for regions:

• How does my country/refinery compare?
• Explaining factors for differences?
© OECD/IEA 2016
 Data validation - Refinery energy
consumption
World refinery output vs. energy consumption 1971-2014

Source: IEA statistics

Same can be done for regions:

• How does my country/refinery compare?
• Explaining factors for differences?
© OECD/IEA 2016
 Data validation - Anomalies in
time series
Country examples:

Source: IEA statistics

Causes:
• Country A: Refinery accident in 2000
• Country B: Conflict in the country since 2011
• Country C: Problems with original official data
© OECD/IEA 2016
 References
 IEA
 IEA statistics website
 http://www.iea.org/statistics/
 Monthly oil data service website
 http://www.iea.org/statistics/mods/
 IEA, Oil Market Report
 https://www.iea.org/oilmarketreport/omrpublic/
 IEA Energy statistics manual, IEA 2005
 http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-statistics-manual.html
 Joint IEA/Eurostat annual oil questionnaire
 http://www.iea.org/media/statistics/questionnaires/annualquestionnaires/OilQuestionnaireInstructions2
014.pdf (methodology, definitions)
 http://www.iea.org/media/statistics/questionnaires/annualquestionnaires/OilQuestionnaire2014.pdf
(data tables)

 External
 International Recommendations for Energy Statistics, United Nations 2011
 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/ires/
 International Standard Industrial Classification (rev. 4), United Nations 2008
 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/isic-4.asp

 Deutsche Bank: Oil & Gas for Beginners – A Guide to the Oil and Gas Industry; 2010.
 Energy Intelligence Review: The International Crude oil Market Handbook; 2011.
 William L. Leffler: Petroleum Refining in Nontechnical Language; 4th edition; 2008.

© OECD/IEA 2016