KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ART AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING

PL 351: PLANNING WORKSHOP III

ASSIGNMENT ONE: REVIEW AND HARMONISATION OF FIRST SEMESTERS
WORK.
GROUP FOURTEEN (14)

GROUP MEMBERS INDEX NUMBERS

AGBESI NYALE JOEL 3590015
AMISSAH CYRIL 3590615
BOAKYE AMA SERWAA 3592015
SARFOWAAH LINDA 3595715
THOMPSON MAAME AKUA 3596215

WORKSHOP TUTORS: ASSISTED BY:

Dr. (Mrs.) Gifty Adom-Asamoah Amina Ayariga Moro
Dr. Clifford Amoako

JANUARY 2018
 CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
According to Loughlin (2006), transfer of power to the local level enables governments to
exercise four important functions: multi functionality which takes a broad range of activities,
discretion which enables them to adapt programmes to local needs, revenue mobilization which
can strengthen local autonomy and representation through direct grassroots elections.
Participatory planning approach allows the local areas to express their views and to help define
the development course for their area in line with their own views, expectations and plans. In
Ghana, the lowest form of decentralised planning is on the district level.
The third year development planning workshop, with the theme “District Planning”, is aimed
at helping students in the preparation of district medium term plans. The first semester’s
workshop was to initiate the planning process in the preparation of the District Medium Term
Plans for the various two districts selected for the year’s workshop; of which the group was
assigned to the Atwima Nwabiagya District.
In the first semester’s workshop, five different assignments were introduced. The first
assignment, “Review of the NDPC Guidelines since its inception” was to help students have a
general idea of the NDPC guidelines and also, to know the various steps used in the preparation
of DMTDP’s. For the second assignment, a field survey was done by the group on the Atwima
Nwabiagya District for data collection after which an analysis of the data collected was made
in the third assignment, that is the “Data Analysis”. In the fourth assignment, ‘Prioritization
of Development Issues’, was aimed at prioritizing the development issues in order to help in
addressing issues of urgent concern in the district. And, the final assignment for the semester,
“Formulation of Goals and Derivation of Development Themes” was aimed at designing a
crucial point of planned intervention, that is the formulation of goal and development themes
based on the problems identified. The first semester’s output was to serve as input for the
second semester which aims to complete the planning process
1.2 Objectives
The execution of these assignments served as basis for achievement of the following objectives
for the first semester. These objectives were:
 To make meaning out of the data collected and obtain information that would serve as
inputs into the preparation of DMTDP for Atwima Nwabiagya district.
 Endow students with techniques of prioritizing identified development needs and
aspirations for the next four years under GSGDA II.
 Enhance the understanding and abilities in the formulation of local goals from existing
development problems and priorities;

1.2 Scope
The scope of this assignment is in two (2) aspects:
1.3.1 Geographical Scope
The Atwima Nwabiagya District lies approximately on latitude 6 o 32’N and 6o 75’N between
longitude 1o45’ and 2o 00’ West. It is found in the south-western part of Ashanti region in
Ghana and shares common boundaries with Ahafo Ano south and Atwima Mponua district to
the west, Offinso Municipal to the North, Amansie–West and Atwima Kwanwoma Districts to
the South, and Kumasi Metropolis and Afigya Kwabre Districts to the East. It covers an
estimated area of 294.84 sq. km. The district capital is Nkawie.

Plate 1: Atwima Nwabiagya District in National Context

Source: Sector 2 Field Survey, September 2017
Plate 2: Atwima Nwabiahgya District in Regional Context
Source: Sector 2 Field Survey, September 2017

Plate 3: Atwima Nwabiagya District in Regional Context

Source: Sector 2 Field Survey, September 2017

1.3.2 Contextual Scope

This report entails valid inferences made from the various from the social, economic, political
and spatial data collected from Atwima Nwabiagya District. Through the district profile, the
key development gaps, problems and challenges in Atwima Nwabiagya district were identified.
The gaps were harmonized with the development issues in the GSGDA I. The development
needs were then ranked according to some parameters and further analysed based on the
potentials, opportunities, constraints and challenges. After which based on these development
issues, the goals were formulated. They were derived from a compatibility analysis among the
local goals and between the national goals. And based on these goals, the development themes
were derived.

1.3 Methodology
The following sequence of activities were backed on in the execution of the various
assignments.
 Introductory lecture
An introductory lecture was given on the various assignments by the lecturers to facilitate the
completion of these assignments.
 Determination of the sample size and Selected Communities and Data Collection
Data was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Both institutional and
household data from the field was collated and documented. The primary data was obtained
through the administration of questionnaires and observation. Secondary data such as
documents from the Department of Feeder Roads in the district were used. In addition, a
literature review was done by the group on Atwima Nwabiagya District Medium Term
Development Plan to get an overview of the district, to identify the gaps that were not
fulfilled in the GSGDA I. Also, a literature review was done by the group on the current
National Medium Term Development Framework which is the Ghana Shared Growth and
Development Agenda II (2014-2017). District and National goals were derived from these
documents..
 Analysis
After the collation of the primary data from the field was done, charts, graphs, tables, figures
and others were generated. Analysis and valid inferences were made to facilitate the smooth
understanding of the district profile. Based on this, the development gaps in the various sectors
of development were identified.

The identified development gaps from the field were linked to the development issues in the
GSGDA I. This was done to ensure sustainable macroeconomic stability. The development
needs were then ranked according to some parameters and further analysed based on the
potentials, opportunities, constraints and challenges. The further analysis of the developmental
problems supported the derivation of local goals and through a compatibility analysis with the
other District and National goals, the refined local goals and technical goals were formed. This
compatibility analysis was done with the use of the lickert scale. The technical goals, thus,
were grouped under the thematic areas of the GSGDA II.

 Preparation of Maps
The maps were generated using the software ArcGIS. They can be classified under the
following:
 Contextual Maps, Soil Map and Relief and Drainage Maps

These maps were generated with the use of shape files obtain from the GIS lab. The Contextual
Maps are: the map of Atwima Nwabiagya District in National context, the map of Atwima
Nwabiagya District in Regional context, the map of Atwima Nwabiagya District

The ArcGIS was used to generate scales for suitable maps for representing the Atwima
Nwabiagya District in Regional and National context. In choosing the scale, the coordinate
system and paper size was considered.

 Spatial Distribution of Settlements by Population

This map was generated with the use of the ArcGIS from the projected population of the
various communities derived by the sector. It is used to show how the population of the
settlements visited in Atwima Nwabiagya is distributed. Below were the steps followed to
draw this map:

o Obtain a district base map showing settlements in the district

o Updating of district base map by including other settlements that are not already on
the map and show Area Council boundaries
o Prepare a list of all settlements in the district
o Attain the populations of the settlements from the most current census reports or
DPCU records and project the varoious population sizes
o Based on their population sizes, group the selected settlements into a convenient
number of categories

The 2017 projected population are grouped into the following categories:

o Below 5000
o 5000-20000
 o 20001-25000

The table below shows the communities and their respective categories

Table
Category Name of Settlement Population Size
Below 5000 Esaase 2976
Sepaase 4461
Hiawu Besease 2543
Asakraka 1187
Amadum Adankwame 1740
Toase 4906
Nerebehi 4447
Afari 1496
Abira 492
Maaban 555
Fufuo 3605
Seidi 1197
Amanchia 2155
Kapro 714
Barikuma 120
5000-20000 Akropong 5143
Barekese 5789
Asuofua 6152
Nkawie Kuma 7469
20001-25000 Abuakwa 23294
Source: Group’s Construct, October 2017

 Functional Hierarchy of Settlements Map

The functional hierarchy of settlements was done to show all the functions the various
settlements play in the district in a hierarchical order. The Functional Hierarchy map was
generated with the use of the ArcGIS from the total weighted centrality index of the various
communities obtained by the sector with the use of a scalogram that was brought up based on
the facilities and services found in the various settlements.

These steps were followed to draw the map;

o A list of the settlements visited in the district was prepared

o The population of all the settlements was also obtained
o An inventory of facilities in each settlement was noted and used to develop a
scalogram based on the facilities and services offered in each settlement
o The Centrality indices of each settlement was calculated
 o Settlements were then ranked according to their centrality index
 Road Classification Maps

This map was prepared with the use of a document obtained from the DPCU and the
department of Feeder Roads. Below were the steps followed to draw this map:

o Obtain a district base map showing settlements in the district

o Updating of district base map by including other settlements that are not already on
the map and show Area Council boundaries.
o Classify roads leading to various communities based on the information gathered
from the DPCU and observation during the survey.

 Surface Accessibility Maps.

The accessibility is calculated to know the standard maximum time one is expected to
take to reach a particular facility. There were 8 surface accessibility maps drawn. They
are: Aggregate accessibility to services map, surface accessibility to banking services
map, physical accessibility to educational facility map, physical accessibility to extension
services map, physical accessibility to health service map, physical accessibility to
weekly market map, optimum accessibility to services map and physical accessibility to
police services map.

These maps were generated using the standard distances for the various classes of roads.
This was based on the standard time, walking distances and waiting time. This varies for
the various facilities. Based on the information and the scale provided on the map, zones
were delineated for the different accessibility zones for the each facility on the map.

For instance, in the calculation of the standard distance for a particular class of road for a health
facility, the procedure is illustrated by the following example:

Travelling (by vehicle) along the 1st class road at 80 km/hr, the maximum distance that one
can travel to reach the Health Centre within 30 mins is calculated as:

60 mins = 80 km, but the waiting time for 1st class road users is 20mins. Thus

(60+20) mins = 80Km

30 mins = 80x30/80 = 30 km
This implies that all those who live along the 1st class road and are within 30 km away from
the health centre have high access to the hospital within 30 minutes.

 Commodity Flows

Commodity flow provides information on commodities transported, their value, weight, and
mode of transportation as well as their origin and destination of transportation (USA
Department of Commerce 2015). The commodity flow of Atwima Nwabiagya District involves
the origin and destination of both industrial and agricultural commodities, their quantities and
value.

The commodity flows maps are four(4) in number. They are: the endogenous inflow map,
endogenous outflow map, the exogenous inflow map and the exogenous outflow map. The
data used in the generating these maps are from the market survey conducteed in the district
during the field survey. From the survey conducted in these markets, records of the various
commodities, their respective quantities with their prices and production centres across and
outside the district were collected. The scale used for these maps was 10km: 100%.

In drawing the commodity flow map, attention was not given to the length of the arrows but
rather the width. The width of the arrows determines the volume of the moving commodities.
In calculating for the width of arrows,
 The total monetary value of commodities coming into or leaving the market centres was
equal to 100% for each of the market centres. This means the total monetary value for
commodities (either agricultural or industrial) leaving or coming to Barekese or Nkawie
within the district was equal to 100%. The same applies to commodities (either
agricultural or industrial) going or coming from outside the district.
 The 100% was equated to 10km. That is for instance, the widths of agricultural products
leaving a particular market centre (either Barekese or Nkawie) to other communities
within the district are put together, it should sum up to ten kilometres.
 The width of the various commodities (either agric. inflow or outflow, or industrial
inflow or outflow) is determined by the percentage that the monetary value forms of
the total monetary value. For instance, if the total monetary value of endogenous
agricultural commodity inflow is GH¢4640.00 and the monetary value of endogenous
agricultural commodity inflow originating from Afari is GH¢2480.00. The percentage
of GH¢2480.00 of GH¢4640.00 is 53.4%.
 Using the equation 100% = 10km as the basis
 53.4
∗ 10𝑘𝑚 = 5.34𝑘𝑚
100
 This means the width of the volume of exogenous agricultural commodity inflow
originating from Afari on the map is 5.34km. Below is a table showing the endogenous
flow of agriculitural and industrial commodities in Atwima Nwabiagya District.
 Production Centre Map

Production centre map provides information on commodities produced by the various

communities in the district. The commodities involve both industrial and agricultural
commodities.

During the field survey, market survey was conducted in the major market centres
identified in the district. From the survey conducted in these markets, records of the various
commodities, their production centres across a the district were collected. These records
collected served as input for drawing the production center map.

 Composite Poverty Map

A District Composite Poverty Map showing the deprived areas in the district was prepared
based on boundaries between the ‘Least deprived, Deprived and Most deprived’ areas of the
district.
 These areas were demarcated based on the location of facilities, hierarchy of
settlements, optimum accessibility, conditions of road network and production
centers within the district.
 Compilation of all the maps outlines deprived areas from the ‘Least Deprived’
areas. From the resultant composite map, ‘Least Deprived’ areas are carve out
(which include areas that fall under the well-off zones of all the thematic maps
considered).

 Mode of Presentation
A structured report was done with detailed list of references and its summaries were put on
PowerPoint slides for class presentation.

1.4 Report Organisation

This assignment is in five (5) chapters entailing plates, figures and tables to enhance
understanding. The first chapter, General Introduction, introduces a background of the
assignment, whilst the second chapter focuses on the giving a current description of the district
in social, economic and spatial terms. Chapter three highlights the harmonisation of the needs
and aspirations of Atwima Nwabiagya District to the Development Gaps of the GSGDA
I(2010-2013) as well as linking with the Thematic areas of the GSGDA II. Last but not least,
the fourth chapter focuses on the goals formulated, development themes derived. The last
chapter, Chapter five(5), summarizes and concludes the report and it is followed by the list of
references and appendix.
 CHAPTER TWO
EDUCATION SERVICES

2.1 Introduction
This chapter highlights education provided for the children in the school going-age in the
selected communities of the Atwima Nwabiagya district.

2.2 Gross and Net Enrolment Levels

The gross enrolment rate is a statistical measure used in the education sector and by the UN in
its Education Index to determine the number of students enrolled in school at several different
grade levels (like elementary, middle school and high school).

Population of School going age in the district ; 66, 542 + 20648= 87190

Population enrolled in school; 15275+64349= 79624

79624
*100=91.3 %
87190

This means that out of 100 children of school going age, 91 of them are enrolled in school.
This shows that the population is highly participatory in education. This implies that there will
be a high literacy level in the district if the children complete basic education.

The net enrolment rate is defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization Institute for Statistics as enrolment of the official age-group for a given level of
education expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population

The net enrolment rate for Pre-School;

15275
*100=74 %
20648

The net enrolment rate for Basic;

64349
*100=96.7 %
66542

From the calculation as above, it can be deduced that basic education is highly accessible and
participated more than the pre-school education. This can be attributed to the presence of the
FCUBE program in the district and this thereby makes the cost of education in the district less
expensive.
ANNEX I
Source: Group’s Construct, 2017.
From the map above, it can be seen that the least access zone has a larger proportion of its roads
being third class roads. This would make it difficult for such areas to access health facility
during certain periods of the year. Those areas with high access to the health facilities would
find it easier accessing the place due to the nature of roads.

Source: Group’s Construct, October, 2017

The map above shows accessibility to weekly market in the district. It can be seen that most
areas have high access to weekly markets indicating that circulation of goods within the district
would be easier.
Source: Group’s Construct, October, 2017.
Source: Group’s Construct, October, 2017.
From the map it can be seen that areas with least access to police station would be lawless and
crime rate is likely to increase at such areas whereas areas with high access would have tight
security.