STS Module 1 5
STS Module 1 5
STS Module 1 5
1. What is Science……………………………………3
Reference…………………………………………………….12
Exercise 1………….………………………………………...13 30
mins.
Rubrics…………………………………………,.…………..15
In order to understand the past, you have to look back and revisit it.
Your task is to fill in the KWL chart and list down what you have known
and what are the things that you would like to know about your historical
antecedents in terms of science and technology.
1. What is Science?
The key for mankind to continuously progress into the future is the
realization of science and technology for and within society. Scientific and
technological activities contribute to society through the improvement or
creation of new knowledge, the utilization of these knowledge to boost the
prosperity of human lives, and to solve various existing and possible issues
facing society. As societies of the 21st century shift to knowledge-based
economies, the creation of new knowledge and the improvement of existing
ones has become increasingly a more important aspect of science and
technology. The role of science in this knowledge creation and expansion is
indeed important for the realization of science and technology for and within
society.
The table that follows presents the major energy sources of some countries.
HEALTH
One of the most important contributions to public
1. IMMUNIZATION health is the global vaccine movement.
Vaccination, for example, has nearly eradicated
polio, a disease which killed nearly half a million
people every year during its peak in 1940’s until
the 1950’s. Other diseases which were feared and
have killed millions before, but are now eradicated
or on the way in being so are smallpox, malaria,
measles, rubella, and rabies.
Many died due to common, avoidable diseases
2. ANTIBIOTICS such as urinary tract infections, lung infections or
throat infections. This was before penicillin, the
first true antibiotic, was discovered through
research.
Other than advancements in patient handling,
3. SURGERY surgical procedures, and anesthesia, revolutionary
developments in surgical methods and approaches
are emerging. Among these are virtual reality
surgical training, nanorobotics, and 3D printing for
organ replacement.
Mercury-based thermometers and
4. HEALTHCARE sphygmomanometers which can be cumbersome
DEVICES to use could be a thing of the past soon. More
heath monitoring devices nowadays are becoming
digital, and commercially available. Some health
sensors nowadays can easily and accurately
measure blood pressure, glucose level, body
temperature, heart rate, body water content
simply by skin contact.
Public health is progressing as psychological health
is gradually becoming acknowledged as an
5. MENTAL important aspect of overall wellbeing alongside
HEALTH physical health. While still lagging, there is growth
in support and action for government and private
initiatives for professional training, and
psychological therapies and medicine-based
treatments for mental illnesses.
AGRICULTURE
Since technology is supposed to be multipurpose,
the agriculture industries also benefit from
1. FOOD developments in transportation infrastructure.
TRANSPORT Land, air and sea-based facilities provide mobility
for people and vehicles alike to move goods and
services. An example in the Philippines would be
the roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ships crucial to the
country’s maritime geography.
Developments in mechatronic, robotic and
computing technologies make it possible for
2.AGRICULTURAL farmers to optimize time, energy and resource.
MACHINERY From simple tools such as hoes, plows, and the
carabao, there are now machines such as the
common tractor, combine harvester, rice trans
planter, and rice huller. More advanced ones are
becoming available such as agricultural robots for
planting and harvesting, drones for cloud seeding
and soil analysis, and satellites for improved
environmental and irrigation monitoring and
management.
Genetically-modified crops whose DNA have been
3. GENETIC altered have helped in curbing global food
MODIFICATION insecurity. Through genetic engineering, many
staple foods around the world have been improved
in terms of yield, nutritional content, quality, and
pest and disease resistance. Genetics has also
helped scientists to find ways to conserve plant
species threatened by extinction.
COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORTATION
Among the breakthroughs of the first Industrial
Revolution would be the electronic systems in
telecommunications. Telephones have since
1. TELEPHONE replaced telegrams, and might soon be superseded
as well this time by mobile phones and internet
services. These technologies have made human
communication much more efficient and faster
with just a few clicks and presses. More than voice,
we can now easily contact distant places through
video.
Many people have now harnessed satellite
2.GLOBAL technology through mobile phones with GPS
POSITIONING features regardless if with or no internet connection.
SYSTEM This provides accessible information regarding
(GPS) one’s geographic position as can be seen through
popular mobile phone apps such as Google Maps,
Waze, and Grab. The GPS technology also assists
internet-based devices to tailor-fit content based on
location.
Also shortened as maglev, this technology dating
3.MAGNETIC back in the early 1900’s has been integrated to
LEVITATION mass transportation in the form of maglev trains.
Maglev trains are on average faster than
conventional trains as they use sets of magnets
which repel to push the train upwards, as in to
float, and to move it along the track. This lack of
friction presenting a typical railway creates great
speed. Currently existing maglev lines are in the
UK, Germany, Japan, and South Korea.
REFERENCES:
Javier, M. CONTENT-SCIENCE-TECH-SOCIETY-PhilSCApdf/
EXERCISE 1
INTRODUCTION OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(You can finish this in 30 minutes)
Name: Section:
II. Essay:
I hereby declare that all the answer in this exercise or activity are done by
me. I pledge to practice the highest degree of Academic honesty at all times,
as expected from all students indicated in the course policies of Science,
Technology & Society.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Reference……………………………………………..…...…15
Exercise 2……………………………………………………..16 30
mins.
Rubrics………………………………………………….…….17
MODULE 2
HISTORY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: PREHISTORIC,
ANCIENT AND BRONZE AGES & CRADLE OF SCIENCE
(3.6 hours)
Prehistoric Era (Stone Age)
Until approximately 10,000 years ago, man has lived almost entirely
in small, nomadic hunter-gatherer communities, surviving on crude skills
for hunting and fishing. This was a time when agriculture was still non-
existent if not still on its way. Given the lack of agriculture, societies were
yet to become sedentary cultures, which also means there is poor incentive
for them to produce technologies more sophisticated than hunting and
building tools made of bone, wood or stone. Most of these communities
developed in tropical latitudes, especially in Africa, where the climate is
most favorable to man.
Near the end of the last ice age 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, some
human communities which were most favored by geographical and
climatological conditions began to make the transition from the primitive,
nomadic lifestyles of the long Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age) into more
settled cultures. This is when animal husbandry and agriculture developed.
This transition during the Neolithic Period (New Stone Age), led eventually
to a marked increase in population due to better, more stable diet, and
relative safety of sedentary settlement. Communities expanded, thus paving
way for the beginning of town life. These significant changes are sometimes
referred to as the Neolithic Revolution because of the rapid increase in
technological innovation, and the sudden complexity in human socio-
political organizations.
The material that gives Old and New Stone Ages their names and
technological unity is stone. Although before they mastered the use of stone,
it may be assumed that primitive peoples used other materials such as wood,
bone, fur, leaves, and grasses apart from bone antlers, presumably used in
flint mining, and elsewhere, other bone fragments, which none have
survived. However, the widening mastery of the material world in the
Neolithic Revolution brought other substances such as clay, and thus the
production of bricks. Increasing skill in handling textile raw materials led to
the creation of the first manmade fabrics in place of animal skins. The use of
fire was another basic technique mastered at some unknown period in the
Old Stone Age. This was probably the time when it was discovered that the
natural calamity of a forest fire could be tamed and controlled. The
realization that fire could be generated by persistent friction between two dry
wooden surfaces would have as well changed human societies forever.
The ancient times are part of what historians commonly classify as the
three-age system. This comprises of three main periods of human history
associated with technology, namely the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the
Iron Age. Since we have already covered the Stone Age, this section will be
tackling the most notable developments and discoveries in the Bronze and
Iron Ages. These eras are where complex ancient societies independently
emerged within various locations around the world known as Cradles of
Civilization. Three were in the Eurasian continent, and two in the Americas.
These are:
Civilization Description
This area stretches from Mesopotamia (the region
FERTILE within the Tigris-Euphrates river system, today part
CRESCENT of Iraq and Syria), to the Levant, and all the way to
Ancient Egypt along the Nile River.
Societies here sprang along the Indus River, today
INDUS VALLEY part of Pakistan and some portions of India. This area
is known as the roots of Hinduism, and later of
Buddhism and Jainism.
The Yellow River is the second longest in Asia.
Chinese civilization, considered to be the longest
YELLOW RIVER continuing civilization in history, emerged here. This
river valley, an important region of China, is one of
the most rapidly-urbanizing areas in the world today.
This is located in the middle portion of the Andean
CENTRAL ANDES Mountain of South America. Among the most
notable societies that emerged here is the Incan
Empire, which spread across modern-day areas of
Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.
This area is part of present-day Mexico, which then
MESOAMERICA spread to other areas of Central America where
Guatemala and Honduras are located. Among its
most known societies are the Mayans and the Aztec
Empire.
Bronze Age
This was the time when civilizations all over the world discovered the
process of mixing molten copper and tin to generate bronze, a metal alloy
that is both strong and malleable. Much of developments relied upon the
development of bronze work itself given that such technology aided in a lot
of more complex and larger tasks related to agriculture, engineering, and
weaponry.
The timetable on the next page shows the estimated period when
bronze metallurgy emerged in different parts of the world based on
archaeological evidences.
LOCATION TIME
Mesopotamia 3 500 BCE
MIDDLE EAST Anatolia (Turkey) 3 300 BCE
Levant 3 300 BCE
Ancient Egypt 3 150 BCE
Southern & Central Europe (Balkans,
Romania, Greece, Italy) 4 650 BCE
EUROPE Caucasus 4 000 – 3 000 BCE
West Europe (Britain, Ireland) 2 100 BCE
Northern Europe 1 700 BCE
SOUTH ASIA Indus Valley 3 300 BCE
China 3 100 – 2 700 BCE
NORTHEAST ASIA Korea 1 000 – 800 BCE
Japan 300 BCE
SOUTHEAST ASIA Ban Chiang Culture (Northern 2 100 – 1 700 BCE
Thailand)
Nubia 2 600- 2 300 BCE
SUB- SAHARAN West Africa (Niger) 2 200 BCE
AFRICA Central & East Africa (Rwanda, 700- 300 BCE
Burundi, Tanzania)
AMERICAS Andes (Peru) 900 BCE
Mesoamerica 600- 1 200 CE
They built observatories so their priests could watch the stars and plan
the best time for festivals, religious rituals and cultural celebrations.
Following the Inca, the Aztec civilization has also made substantial
contributions to science and technology and to the society as a whole. The
Aztec were an advanced and prosperous civilization who built beautiful and
sophisticated cities. The highly developed empire had an elaborate
leadership and society that consisted of four classes; nobles, commoners,
serfs and slaves.
Some of their contributions are the following:
Asia is the biggest continent in the world and the home of many
ancient civilizations. It is a host to many cultural, economic, scientific, and
political activities of all ages. In the field of science, technology, and
mathematics, great civilization has stood out: India, China and the Middle
East civilization. These civilizations were incomparable in terms of their
contributions to the development of knowledge during their time.
India
Ancient India is also known for their mathematics. The earliest traces
of mathematical knowledge in the Indian subcontinent appeared in the Indus
Valley Civilization. The people of this civilization, according to Bisht
(1982), tried to standardized measurement of length to a high degree of
accuracy and designed a ruler, the Mohenjodaro ruler.
Clifford (2008) and Bose (1998) pointed out the Indian astronomer
and mathematician Aryabhata (476-550), in his Aryabhatiya, introduced a
number of trigonometric functions, tables, and techniques, as well as
algorithms of algebra. Aryabhata scientifically explained the solar and lunar
eclipses. He states that the moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight. In
628 AD, another Indian, Brahmagupta, also suggested that gravity was a
force of attraction, and lucidly explained the use of zero as both a
placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral
system now used universally throughout the world (Clifford, 2008; Bose,
1998). He suggested that gravity was a force of attraction. Another Indian
named Madhava of Sangamagrama is also considered as the founder of
mathematical analysis (Joseph, 1991).
China
Metallurgy was also known in the African region during the ancient
times. North Africa and the Nile Valley imported iron technology from the
Near East region that enables them to benefit from the development during
the Bronze Age until the Iron Age. They invented metal tools used in their
homes, in agricultures, and in the building their magnificent architectures.
Mathematics was also known to be
prominent in the life of early people in the
African continent. The Lebombo Bone from the
mountains between Swaziland and South
Africa, which may have been a tool for
multiplication, division, and simple
mathematical calculation or a six – month lunar
calendar, is considered to be the oldest known
mathematical artifact dated from 35,000 BCE.
Ancient Egyptians are good in the four
fundamental mathematical operations and other mathematical skills. They
have knowledge of the basic concepts of algebra and geometry. The Islamic
regions in Africa during the medieval period was also benefiting from the
mathematical learning, which is considered advanced during those times,
such as algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.
The Lebombo bone,
used in mathematical
calculations.
Feedback:
REFERENCES:
Blaya, Mark Jason. Science and Technology in the Middle Ages. Retrieved
from Slideshare.net.
Javier, M. CONTENT-SCIENCE-TECH-SOCIETY-PhilSCApdf/
EXERCISE 2
(you can finish this in 30 minutes)
Name: Section:
1. Why do you think the three ancient societies considered as the cradle
of Civilization? Explain your answer.
NAME:
Yr. & Section
EXCELLENT VERY GOOD GOOD POOR
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1
COMPLETION: At least 85% 60 to 70% Less than half
All questions of the of the of the
Number of questions were questions questions questions
successfully completed successfully were were were
completed. successfully successfully successfully
completed. completed. completed.
TYPE OF Sporadic but
Most of the Less than half
All of the more than
RESPONSES: answers were
answers to
half of the
of the
Response to questions the questions answers were
written in answers
were written written in
are written in complete complete
in complete
were written
complete
sentences. sentences. in complete
sentences. sentences.
sentences.
QUALITY OF Somewhat
Not careless; careless, but
RESPONSES: very legible.
Not careless
can read
Very careless
Quality of work and fairly and illegible.
Work is some of the
legible. Work Work consist
(Neatness) and exemplary;
consist of 5 to
writing.
of too many
conventions adhered to. has less than Work consist
9 spelling or spelling or
4 spelling or of 10 to 15
grammatical grammatical
grammatical spelling or
errors. errors.
errors. grammatical
errors.
ACCURACY: Close to 100% About 60% Less than half
of the About 80% of of the of the
Answers/responses are questions are the questions questions questions are
on point (correct) and correct or on are correct or are accurate properly
well thought out. point. Very on point. Well or on point. answered
well thought thought out. Fairly well with little
out responses. thought out. thought.
Reference:
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=B2X849A&nocache=1601036710103
I hereby declare that all the answer in this exercise or activity are done by
me. I pledge to practice the highest degree of Academic honesty at all times,
as expected from all students indicated in the course policies of Science,
Technology & Society.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. Who were this people behind that permanently change the course
history of Science?
Scientists are not driven by clamor for honor and publicity. They are
ordinary people doing extraordinary things. Some scientists were never
appreciated during their times, some were sentenced to death, while others
were condemned by the Church during their time. In spite of all the
predicaments and challenges they experienced, they never stopped
experimenting, theorizing, and discovering new knowledge and ideas.
In this part of the lesson, three notable scientists are discussed. For
sure, they were many scientists who worked before and after these
individuals. However, it is important to
note that these men, particularly
through their ideas, had shaken the
world.
References:
Javier, M. CONTENT-SCIENCE-TECH-SOCIETY-PhilSCApdf/
https://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com/
https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/scholarsandscientist/nicho
las-copernicus.html
https://course.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
psychology/chapter/psychodynamic-perspective-on-personality
EXERCISE 3
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
(you can finish this in 30 minutes)
Name: Section:
I hereby declare that all the answer in this exercise or activity are done by
me. I pledge to practice the highest degree of Academic honesty at all times,
as expected from all students indicated in the course policies of Science,
Technology & Society.
2. Spanish Colonization…………………………………...6
6. Indigenous Science…………………………………….12
Reference………………………………………....………………13
Activity 1: Back Through Time………………………………….14 30
mins.
Rubric…………………………………………..…….…………..15
Student’s Honesty Clause……………………..…….……………15
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Explain how science and technology affect society and the
environment and its role in nation-building.
2. Analyze the human condition in order to deeply reflect and express
philosophical ramifications that are meaningful to the student as part
of society.
Module 4
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES: History,
Indigenous Works and Modern Works.
(3.6 hours)
Pre- Colonial Period
There is also the karakoa, or large outrigger ships used for both trade
and warfare mostly in the Visayas. The lanong is a variant within the Sulu
area. These larger vessels were said to be attached with at least one bronze
cannon called a lantaka. Today this cannon technology has evolved into the
typical bamboo cannons used as noisemakers during fiestas and New Year’s
Eve.
Spanish Colonization
In the latter part of the Spanish period, major health institutions were
established. Among these were the San Lazaro Hospital (1578), the oldest in
East Asia, the Hospital de Los Baños (1590), and the Hospital de Cebu
(1850). The University of Santo Tomas started offering programs in
medicine and pharmacy in 1872. Later in 1877, the Laboratorio Municipal,
which was later to become the Bureau of Science, was established to
undertake the pathological studies of infectious diseases. There were also
private pharmaceutical firms engaged in this activity such as the Botica
Boie, and the Botica de Santa Cruz.
Indigenous Science
References:
Cabaddu, Mark Angelo, (2019). Science, Technology and Society Module.
Retrieved from: https://www.scrib.com/document/429431394/science-
technology-and-society-module.
Caoli, Olivia C. A History of Science and Technology in the Philippines.
Retrieved from: https://tuxdo.com/download/history-of-science-and-
technology-in-the-philippines-pdf#download-require
Javier, M. CONTENT-SCIENCE-TECH-SOCIETY-PhilSCApdf/
Ideas: /10
Completion: /10
and Governance
Reference…………………………………………………………13
Exercise 4.………………………………………………………...14 40
minutes
Rubric……………………………………………………………..16
Honesty Clause……………………………………………………16
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME
CLO 2. Explain how science and technology affect society and the
environment and its role in nation-building.
CLO 3. Analyze the human condition in order to deeply reflect and express
philosophical ramifications that are meaningful to the student as part
of society.
The subject Science and Health is taught in Grade I with a longer time
compared to other subjects: 70 minutes for Grades I to III and 80 minutes for
Grades IV to VI. The curriculum also utilizes different instructional
approaches that address the learning styles and needs of the learners like the
use of investigatory projects.
The school takes pride in its Research Center for Theoretical Physics
(RCTP) established in 1992, which organizes small international workshops
to foster the informal but intense exchange of ideas and perspectives on
outstanding problems in physics and mathematics.
Science education deals with the teaching and learning of science and
in helping the public develop science literacy. This is important in the
promotion and development of science and technology in the country.
Science education deals with the development of people in science, which is
the heart of science, technology, and society.
Lourdes Jansuy Cruz – notable for her research on the sea snail venom.
There are other scientists in the Philippines who were not identified in
the list. Yet, the Philippines still needs more scientists and engineers, and
there is a need to support scientific research in the country. The University
of the Philippines-Los Baños is a science paradise for agriculture, forestry,
plant and animal science, and veterinary science.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and
technology. The government funds basic and applied researches.
Funding of these research and projects are also from the Overseas
Development Aid (ODA) from different countries.
Providing scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies of
students in the field of science and technology. Saloma (2015)
pointed out that the country needs to produce more doctoral graduates
in the field of science and technology, and produce more research in
the fields, including engineering.
Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School
System for training young Filipinos in the field science and
technology.
Creating science and technology parks to encourage academic and
industry partnerships.
Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino scientists abroad to
come home and work in the Philippines or conduct research and
projects in collaboration with Philippine-based scientists.
Developing science and technology parks in academic campuses to
encourage academe and industry partnerships.
The establishment of the National Science Complex and National
Engineering Complex within the University of the Philippines
campus in Diliman. These aimed to develop more science and
technology and engineering manpower resources needed by the
country. They also aimed to produce more researches in these fields.
There are many other areas and fields that the country is looking forward to
embark various research and projects. The following are some of them:
References:
Cabaddu, Mark Angelo, (2019). Science, Technology and Society Module.
Retrieved from: https://www.scrib.com/document/429431394/science-
technology-and-society-module.
Estardo, Anna Maria Gracia. Science and Technology and Nation Building.
Retrieved from. Slideshare.net
Javier, M. CONTENT-SCIENCE-TECH-SOCIETY-PhilSCApdf/
EXERCISE 4:
SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES and GOVERNMENT POLICIES
ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(you can finish this in 40 minutes)
Name: ______________________________ Section: _______________
Ideas: /10