ASD - Preliminary Paper
ASD - Preliminary Paper
ASD - Preliminary Paper
Citation
Ashmita Chaulagain, Mami Fukaya. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in low and middle-
income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020147899
Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020147899
Review question
What is the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in low and lower-middle-income countries?
Searches
We will search the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science,
PsycINFO. The search strategies, adopted for the different database, will include a combination of
thesaurus- (where available) and free-text terms to identify studies on the prevalence of Autism Spectrum
Disorder in low and lower-middle-income countries (according to World Bank–definition). The reference lists
of the eligible studies and review articles will also be screened to identify potentially relevant studies not
indexed in the databases.
The searches will be limited to 1980 onwards, updating the literature published since DSM-III first appeared
in 1980.
Inclusion:
Study design: Observational studies (Cross-sectional studies and Cohort );
Study area: World bank defined low and lower-middle-income countries;
Studies including participants of all ages (children, adolescents, and adults) and gender (males and
females).
Exclusion:
Hospital-based studies;
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PROSPERO
International prospective register of systematic reviews
ASD.
Participants/population
Participants/population: We will include studies involving children, adolescents and adult population
(regardless of age or gender) with autism spectrum disorder
Intervention(s), exposure(s)
Not applicable
Comparator(s)/control
Not applicable
Main outcome(s)
The primary outcome will be the prevalence of ASD.
* Measures of effect
Not applicable
Additional outcome(s)
Not applicable
* Measures of effect
Not applicable
A data extraction form will be designed and used to extract equivalent information from each study report.
Information of interest will include the following: Study characteristics (e.g. study design, year of publication,
journal, sample size, setting: community, school ; geographical area; and other fields to capture data relevant
to the assessment of study methodological quality); Participant characteristics (e.g. population sampled, age
and gender); and Outcome results: definitions and assessment tools (e.g. DSM III or DSM IV or DSM V or
ICD 9 or ICD10 criteria), data collection method, prevalence estimates, and any prevalence estimates
stratified by age, gender, severity, or location. If required authors of primary publications will be contacted for
data clarifications or missing outcome data.
We will use prevalence data points from primary observational studies to perform random-effects meta-
analyses. We will estimate the pooled-prevalence and its 95% confidence interval using the random-effects
model with logit transformation and back transformation. Prevalence estimates will be expressed as cases
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PROSPERO
International prospective register of systematic reviews
Collaborators
Professor Norbert Skokauskas. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Professor Bennett L. Leventhal. University of California San Francisco
Dr Sindre Andre Pedersen. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Funding sources/sponsors
Trondheim and Nagoya Partnership Project
Conflicts of interest
Language
English
Country
Japan, Norway, United States of America
Stage of review
Review Ongoing
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PROSPERO
International prospective register of systematic reviews
Data analysis No No
The record owner confirms that the information they have supplied for this submission is accurate and
complete and they understand that deliberate provision of inaccurate information or omission of data may be
construed as scientific misconduct.
The record owner confirms that they will update the status of the review when it is completed and will add
publication details in due course.
Versions
02 March 2020
PROSPERO
This information has been provided by the named contact for this review. CRD has accepted this information in good
faith and registered the review in PROSPERO. The registrant confirms that the information supplied for this submission
is accurate and complete. CRD bears no responsibility or liability for the content of this registration record, any
associated files or external websites.
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