CASE STUDY

Final Requirement for

Management

By:

COURSE AND YEAR

BSIT - 4/3 A/B

Submitted to:

KROGER
I. Introduction
This case analysis will portray a good image of the Kroger Co. in the market as it the leading
retailers’ of the grocery store. Start of the Kroger Co. goes back in 132 years from now. That
is, in the year1883; Barney Kroger started the business by investing his life savings of $132
for opening a groceries store in the downtown street of Cincinnati, USA. The credo of doing
business for the Kroger Co. was and is “Be particular, never sell anything you would not
want yourself.”(Kroger, 2015a).With this credo working behind the success of stores, the
Kroger Co. offers the products for every type of shopper.
Kroger or The Kroger Co – as on United States Security and Exchange Commission(US-SEC)
form 10K (SEC, 2014) – is the world’s largest retailer of fresh groceries. The sales of the
fiscal year 2014 were amounting to $108.5 billion (Kroger, 2015b) from numbers of stores
that is more than 2,600 in the 34 states of the USA(Kroger, 2015a). The Kroger Co. has a
New York Stock Exchange presence with a ticker of KR. The Kroger Co. stores family is
widespread in many states of United Stated of America (USA). The store format of The
Kroger Co. is very large i.e. they had the store formats of grocery stores, multi-
departmental stores, discount and convenience stores, and jewelry stores.
Kroger even though, has been performing well, but the company is facing competition from
the competitors. The increasing competition is offering threat to the company and
therefore, it is important for Kroger to modify its strategy to compete in a better way with
the increasing competition.

II. Summary
The overview of the company is that the company is very promising in providing the fresh
and quality grocery to its customers with the attainable low price. The business has
expanded in a vast manner in response to the customers who want everything under a
single roof so that they do not have to go to other places. They own 780 convenience stress
and 327 fine jewelry stores. Their intention to keep low prices has led to operating 2,117
pharmacies and 1,342 supermarket fuel centers that give a feel of all available under a roof
(Kroger, 2015c). With such a large variety of network, the company still does not have an
appropriate online store from where customers can directly purchase the products. The
competitors in the market have formed online presence and are using it to take advantage
and increase their market share. Thus, it is critical time for Kroger to enhance its online
presence to make the most of the opportunities.

III. Internal Analysis: SWOT Analysis, Products, Strategies

SWOT analysis:
Strengths
After Wal-Mart, the biggest general retail store network in the USA.
Strong market position at the time of recession as the market share is always on the rise.
Three tiers are working and branding strategy, it addresses the customers in a wide range.

Weakness
Food manufactured at the facilities holds a risk of contamination as the food items are
perishable.
The workforce is unionized.
Product recalls due low-quality control at the vendors.
Production of the stores is not easily matched.

Opportunities
Expansions into new sectors of the market like financial markets.
Demand is growing for private labeled products.
Organic food item are building high demand.
Demand in the online market is growing.

Threats
Competition is rising in the retail industry of USA.
Labors are increasing their wages through unionization
High level of debts faced due to restructuring, and remodeling and or re-structuring the
stores previously owned.
Competitors are using online market to enhance their market share.

Products
The products offered by the Kroger Co. are gluten-free, natural and organic foods. The
products that they carry are general grocery, cereals, dairy foods, beverage and snacks,
frozen foods, deli and bakery foods, meat and seafood, personal care, vitamins, and
supplements.

Strategies
The strategy followed by the Kroger Co. is the filling-in strategy of the retail market, where
it sees the opportunity to open the workplace it tries to avail it (Hamstra, 2013). Along with
growth strategies, it uses the market penetration pricing strategies for penetrating inside
retail market of the new state by offering the low daily prices of the product (Hunt, 2013).
The major strategy for such humongous growth of the business is the customer first
strategy. Such strategy leads the customers’ satisfaction to the higher level and ultimately it
leads to the growth of business and higher revenue than before. These strategies have been
successful for Kroger, however, it is the right time for them to have an appropriate online
store.

IV. External Analysis: Five forces and Strategies

The key competition in grocery retail market of USA is as follows:

Threat of Entry:
Economies of scale are low as they are achieved by having a large volume production at low
cost (Barney, &Hesterly, 2010), so the threats of entry are low.
A government policy designed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently poses a
new restriction to print some calories in the ready to eat foods at groceries stores
implemented on 23rd March 2011.This increases the barriers of entry and thus, it makes
the threat of entry to a lower level.

Threat of Rivalry
Large number of competitors is present in the retail industry.
Fixed costs for operating the grocery stores are very high as the grocery storage is the very
expensive part of doing business.

Very low level of product differentiation can be done for grocery retailers.
Under the light of above points, it can be said that the threat of rivalry is moderate.

Threat of Substitute
Substitutes of the grocery are not easy to be found. Ketchup cannot substitute the grocery
need of the consumer for purchase a tomato for salad. Therefore, a threat of substitutes is
very low.
As discussed earlier, the threats of the substitute can come from anon-grocery item like
ketchup is an item that is available at the convenient store rather than the grocery store.
Again the threat of substitute in the retail grocery market is low.

Power of suppliers
The power of Agricultural suppliers limits to the location of doing business by the grocery
stores owners. If it is far from the farm, then the supplier have the power to negotiate his
terms. And it also depends on the season of grocery as some grocery items are seasonal i.e.
for off the season grocery items the supplier can charge more than in season.
Power of Buyers
The power of buyers is moderate as it depends on the piece of land available where they
can grow the organic groceries at their home instead of buying from the groceries stores.

V. Strategic Issues
Kroger is operating well in the market despite of competition in the market. However, the
competitors have started focusing a lot on using online arena to engage the customers. The
competitors are using social media networks to engage and convey the message to the
customers. In addition to this, the competitors have also formed online stores that are
secured. Thus, customers can trust these online stores because of their high level of
security and can purchase products online. On the other hand, Kroger is still in its early
stage of online store and it needs to improve the online experience for the customers to
generate sufficient sales. With the increasing competition, it is critical for Kroger to come
up with effective and proper marketing strategies that would include online marketing
strategies as well as define how to use online store to generate sales.
Besides this, the other strategic issue the company is facing is about the behavior of the
employees. There have been several complaints made by the customers visiting the stores
of Kroger. They have risen complains about the behavior of the employees and how they
treat the customers (Watson, 2014). Thus, such behavior could influence and hurt them in
satisfying the customers.
The strategic issue that Kroger is facing that the company has significant portion of debt in
its capital structure. Total assets of the company are worth $30,556 million and out of these
assets, the portion of liabilities is $25,114 million. Thus, showing that the liabilities of the
company are more than 82% and the remaining of the assets are raised from equity which
is only $5,442 million (SEC, 2014). Thus, significant debt shows that the company has high
risks and can become bankrupt, if the debt is not managed properly.

VI. Recommendation for the Strategic Issues

The other issue of the behavior of the employees can be managed by effective and proper
training sessions. Kroger needs to train its employees particularly employees that are
directly dealing with the customers to satisfy the customers. If the behavior of the
employees is better in treating the customers, then there are higher the chances of
satisfying them. Thus, the company should start training sessions in training them to
explain the importance.
The other strategic issue of higher debt in the capital structure can hurt the company as too
much debt in the capital structure could increase the risk. Therefore, it is important for the
company to increase its equity so that the debt could be reduced. Higher debt can influence
the company in its working capital as well as it increases the fixed cost of the company,
therefore, by increasing equity, the company would be able to reduce its fixed costs even
though, the earnings per share may increase.
VII. Conclusion
The study concludes that the Kroger have a declining rate of return as the competition
stiffens and the number of competitors increases. With the financials elaborated it is clear
that the Kroger has improved its profitability from the last year. After that, the Porter
analysis and the industry specification are presented. In the end, the issues of strategies are
elaborated with the solutions and it is found that the company is lacking behind from the
industry in terms of online presence and online market. Therefore, the company needs to
come up with an online store and formulate effective online marketing strategies.

VIII. References
Hamstra, M. (2013).Kroger Moves Ahead on Fill-In Strategy. Super Market News, Retrieved
July 12, 2015 from http://supermarketnews.com/retail-amp-financial/kroger-moves-
ahead-fill-strategy
Hunt, J. (2013). Kroger changes pricing strategy, phases out double coupons. Charleston
Daily Mail,Retrieved July 12, 2015 from
http://www.charlestondailymail.com/News/201304300195
Barney, J. B., & Hesterly, W. S. (2010). Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage:
Concepts. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Incorporated
Kroger.(2015a). History of Kroger. Retrieved July 12, 2015 from
http://www.thekrogerco.com/about-kroger/history-of-kroger
SEC. (2014). The Kroger Co. Retrieved July 12, 2015 from
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/56873/000110465915024557/a15-
1850_110k.htm
Kroger.(2015b). About. Retrieved July 12, 2015 from http://www.thekrogerco.com/about-
kroger
Kroger.(2015c). Operations. Retrieved July 12, 2015 from
http://www.thekrogerco.com/about-kroger/operations
Fortune. (2014). Kroger. Retrieved July 12, 2015 from
http://fortune.com/fortune500/2014/the-kroger-company-24/
Watson, B. (2014). Grocery store customers outraged at brutal attack; Kroger issues
statement. WMC Action News, Retrieved July 12, 2015 from
http://www.wmcactionnews5.com/story/26469928/grocery-store-customers-outraged-
at-brutal-attack-kroger-issues-statement