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    Introduction To Thermodynamics

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    Sergio Pingol
    Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformation between thermal energy and other forms of energy. A thermodynamic system is separated from its surroundings by boundaries that determine what is inside or outside the system. There are three types of systems - open, closed, and isolated. The laws of thermodynamics govern the transformations of energy - the first law concerns conservation of energy, the second law concerns entropy and the efficiency of energy transfer, and the third law concerns the impossibility of reaching absolute zero temperature.

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    Introduction To Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Sergio Pingol
    166 views26 pages
    Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformation between thermal energy and other forms of energy. A thermodynamic system is separated from its surroundings by boundaries that determine what is inside or outside the system. There are three types of systems - open, closed, and isolated. The laws of thermodynamics govern the transformations of energy - the first law concerns conservation of energy, the second law concerns entropy and the efficiency of energy transfer, and the third law concerns the impossibility of reaching absolute zero temperature.

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    1. Introduction to Thermodynamics

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    Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformation between thermal energy and other forms of energy. A thermodynamic system is separated from its surroundings by boundaries that determine what is inside or outside the system. There are three types of systems - open, closed, and isolated. The laws of thermodynamics govern the transformations of energy - the first law concerns conservation of energy, the second law concerns entropy and the efficiency of energy transfer, and the third law concerns the impossibility of reaching absolute zero temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    166 views26 pages

    Introduction To Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Sergio Pingol
    Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformation between thermal energy and other forms of energy. A thermodynamic system is separated from its surroundings by boundaries that determine what is inside or outside the system. There are three types of systems - open, closed, and isolated. The laws of thermodynamics govern the transformations of energy - the first law concerns conservation of energy, the second law concerns entropy and the efficiency of energy transfer, and the third law concerns the impossibility of reaching absolute zero temperature.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 26

    THERMODYNAMICS

    • INTRODUCTION
    • THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS
    • PROPERTIES
    • LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS
    • BASIC CONCEPTS
    • ENERGY CONCEPTS
    • IDEAL GAS
    • PROCESSES OF IDEAL GAS
    • GAS CYCLES
    WHAT COMES TO
    YOUR MIND WHEN
    YOU SAY
    THERMODYNAMICS?
    HONESTLY.
    THERMO
    DYNAMICS
    THERMODYNAMICS came from the
    word THERMO meaning “heat”
    and DYNAMICS meaning
    “motion”, in short,
    Thermodynamics is the study of
    heat in motion.
    THERMODYNAMICS
    • is a branch of science which deals
    with the transformation of energy
    from one form to another and the
    movement of energy from one
    location to another.
    transformation of energy

    & movement of energy


    Everything in this world is
    related to thermodynamics. The
    universe is so vast that if we talked
    about thermodynamics, it would never
    end. So we need to focus on a certain
    area of interest. And this certain area
    of interest is called the…
    …
    So the there needs to be an
    indicator that can separate your area
    of interest (system) from the wide
    universe, and that indicator is this what
    we call…
    Lastly, the things outside the
    boundary that may or may not affect
    your system is the………………
    -a fixed mass or region in a space
    chosen for study
    - everything external to the system
    - separates the system from its
    surroundings

    *Piston cylinder as an example


    of a thermodynamic system.
    THREE TYPES OF SYSTEMS
    1. OPEN SYSTEM
    2. CLOSED SYSTEM
    3. ISOLATED SYSTEM
    1. OPEN SYSTEM
    -is the system where heat, work and
    mass all crosses the system boundary.
    Examples: jetmatic pumps, compressor, turbines

    Energy
    out
    M in

    M out
    Energy
    in
    2. CLOSED SYSTEM
    -there’s no mass flow, only heat and
    work can cross the system boundary.
    Example: refrigeration
    Energy
    out

    NO
    MASS
    Energy
    in
    3. ISOLATED SYSTEM
    -nothing crosses the system boundary
    (no heat, no work, no mass transfer)
    Example: insulated gas cylinder

    NO
    system
    MASS

    HEAT mass heat

    WORK
    TWO GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
    1. INTENSIVE PROPERTY
    - is one that is independent of the mass of the
    substance (pressure, density, temperature)

    2. EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
    - is one that is dependent on magnitude of the mass
    (mass, volume, weight, energy)
    2.1 Mass (m) – is the quantity of matter in a body

    2.2 Weight (W) – the force exerted by gravity on a


    given mass

    2.3 Volume (V) – is the amount of space occupied by


    the matter.

    2.4 Energy (E) – is the capacity of a given body to


    produce physical effects external to the body.
    I believe you probably heard the
    terms Newtons’ Laws of Motion or
    probably familiar with this, right?

    So how many laws do we have


    here and what are they again?

    Here in thermodynamics, we also


    have laws that we call and they are not
    just three but we have four laws. What
    are them?
    FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

    Energy in = Work out + Change in internal heat energy


    Conservation of Energy – “Energy can neither be
    created nor destroyed but only transformed.”
    - No engine can do more useful work than the amount of
    energy input.
    SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
    - For energy to flow from a colder object to a hotter object, work
    must be done. When heat is converted into work, the efficiency, or output
    of usable work, will always be less than 100%. The input heat not
    converted into work is called waste heat.
    THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
    -states that the absolute zero cannot be reached. It occurs when the
    particles in an object stop moving completely and have a temperature of -
    273.15 degrees Celsius.
    ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
    - If two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal
    equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium
    with each other.

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