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    ICT Five Generations of Computers PDF

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    Paula Bautista
    The document summarizes five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were room-sized, and relied on machine language. The second generation introduced transistors, symbolic programming, and stored programs in memory. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and operating systems allowing multitasking. The fourth generation placed all components on a microchip and introduced GUIs. The fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence through parallel processing and natural language interfaces.

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    ICT Five Generations of Computers PDF

    Uploaded by

    Paula Bautista
    2K views24 pages
    The document summarizes five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were room-sized, and relied on machine language. The second generation introduced transistors, symbolic programming, and stored programs in memory. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and operating systems allowing multitasking. The fourth generation placed all components on a microchip and introduced GUIs. The fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence through parallel processing and natural language interfaces.

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    The document summarizes five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were room-sized, and relied on machine language. The second generation introduced transistors, symbolic programming, and stored programs in memory. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and operating systems allowing multitasking. The fourth generation placed all components on a microchip and introduced GUIs. The fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence through parallel processing and natural language interfaces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views24 pages

    ICT Five Generations of Computers PDF

    Uploaded by

    Paula Bautista
    The document summarizes five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were room-sized, and relied on machine language. The second generation introduced transistors, symbolic programming, and stored programs in memory. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and operating systems allowing multitasking. The fourth generation placed all components on a microchip and introduced GUIs. The fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence through parallel processing and natural language interfaces.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 24

    Five Generations

    eumeirxHG of Computers
    FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
    (1940-1956)
    • The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
    magnetic drums for memory.
    • They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
    • First generation computers relied on machine language.
    • They were very expensive to operate and in addition to
    using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat,
    which was often the cause of malfunctions.
    • The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-
    generation computing devices.
    FIRST GENERATION
    COMPUTERS
    SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
    (1956-1963)
    • Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in
    the second generation of computers.
    • Second-generation computers moved from
    cryptic binary machine language to symbolic.
    • High-level programming languages were also being
    developed at this time, such as early versions
    of COBOL and FORTRAN.
    • These were also the first computers that stored their
    instructions in their memory.
    SECOND GENERATION
    COMPUTERS
    THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
    (1964-1971)
    • The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark
    of the third generation of computers.
    • Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips,
    called semiconductors.
    • Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted
    with third generation computers through keyboards
    and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
    • Allowed the device to run many different applications at
    one time.
    In 1947, researchers John
    Bardeen, William Shockley, and
    Walter Brattain demonstrated that
    the flow of electricity through
    silicon could be selectively
    controlled.

    In 1967, the first hand-held


    calculator is made using an
    integrated circuit, a small
    electronic device containing many
    transistors and other electronic
    components. In the 1980s,
    integrated circuits are applied to
    computers.
    THIRD GENERATION
    COMPUTERS
    FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
    (1971- PRESENT)
    • The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of
    computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built
    onto a single silicon chip.
    • The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the
    components of the computer.
    • From the central processing unit and memory to
    input/output controls - on a single chip.
    • Fourth generation computers also saw the development
    of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
    Douglas Engelbart
    FOURTH GENERATION
    COMPUTERS
    THE NEXT SILICON VALLEY

    HSINCHU SCIENCE PARK


    HSINCHU CITY, TAIWAN
    FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
    (PRESENT AND BEYOND)
    • Fifth generation computing devices, based
    on artificial intelligence.
    • Are still in development, though there are some
    applications, such as voice recognition.
    • The use of parallel processing and superconductors
    is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
    • The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop
    devices that respond to natural language input and
    are capable of learning and self-organization.
    FIFTH GENERATION
    COMPUTERS
    END

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