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    Motivation: # Drive Reduction Theories

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    Abhijeet Menon
    Motivation refers to internal processes that drive people towards goals. Researchers have proposed theories to explain human motivation, including drive reduction theories and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Drive reduction theories suggest people act to reduce needs and maintain homeostasis, but they fail to explain why people are sometimes motivated without internal needs or continue after needs are met. Maslow's hierarchy proposes people are motivated by physiological, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs, with attention to higher needs only after lower needs are satisfied.

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    Motivation: # Drive Reduction Theories

    Uploaded by

    Abhijeet Menon
    45 views3 pages
    Motivation refers to internal processes that drive people towards goals. Researchers have proposed theories to explain human motivation, including drive reduction theories and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Drive reduction theories suggest people act to reduce needs and maintain homeostasis, but they fail to explain why people are sometimes motivated without internal needs or continue after needs are met. Maslow's hierarchy proposes people are motivated by physiological, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs, with attention to higher needs only after lower needs are satisfied.

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    Motivation refers to internal processes that drive people towards goals. Researchers have proposed theories to explain human motivation, including drive reduction theories and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Drive reduction theories suggest people act to reduce needs and maintain homeostasis, but they fail to explain why people are sometimes motivated without internal needs or continue after needs are met. Maslow's hierarchy proposes people are motivated by physiological, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs, with attention to higher needs only after lower needs are satisfied.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    45 views3 pages

    Motivation: # Drive Reduction Theories

    Uploaded by

    Abhijeet Menon
    Motivation refers to internal processes that drive people towards goals. Researchers have proposed theories to explain human motivation, including drive reduction theories and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Drive reduction theories suggest people act to reduce needs and maintain homeostasis, but they fail to explain why people are sometimes motivated without internal needs or continue after needs are met. Maslow's hierarchy proposes people are motivated by physiological, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs, with attention to higher needs only after lower needs are satisfied.

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    MOTIVATION

    A Motive is an impulse that causes a person to act. Motivation is an internal process that makes a
    person move toward a goal. Motivation, like intelligence, can’t be directly observed. Instead, motivation
    can only be inferred by noting a person’s behavior.

    Researchers have proposed theories that try to explain human motivation. These theories include Drive
    Reduction Theories and Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory.

    #Drive Reduction Theories


    Drive Reduction Theories of motivation suggest that people act in order to reduce needs and maintain a
    constant physiological state. For example, people eat in order to reduce their need for food. The idea of
    homeostasis is central to drive reduction theories.Homeostasis is the maintenance of a state of
    physiological equilibrium.

    Drive reduction theories fail to explain several aspects of motivation:

    People sometimes aren’t motivated by internal needs.

    Example: Some people fast for long periods for political causes, despite feeling extreme hunger.

    Sometimes, people continue being motivated even when they have satisfied internal needs.

    Example: People sometimes eat even when they don’t feel hungry.

    People are often motivated by external incentives as well as internal needs.

    Example: If a person is hungry, he or she may choose to eat a salad rather than a cheeseburger because
    he or she wants to be slimmer.
    Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
    A motivation may be intrinsic, extrinsic, or both. Intrinsic Motivation is the motivation to act for the sake
    of the activity alone. For example, people have intrinsic motivation to write poetry if they do it simply
    because they enjoy it.Extrinsic Motivation, on the other hand, is the motivation to act for external
    rewards. For example, people have extrinsic motivation to write if they do so in the hopes of getting
    published, being famous, or making money.

    Incentives

    An Incentive is an environmental stimulus that pulls people to act in a particular way. Getting an A on an
    exam may be an incentive that pulls a student toward studying.

    #Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs


    In the 1970s, the psychologist Abraham Maslow suggested that people are motivated by a Hierarchy Of
    Needs:

    First, most basic level: physiological needs, such as the need for food, water, safety, and security.

    Second level: needs for social interaction, such as the need to belong.

    Third level: needs for esteem, which include the need for respect from oneself and others.

    Fourth level: needs for self-actualization, or realizing one’s full potential.


    Maslow believed people pay attention to higher needs only when lower needs are satisfied.

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