operator

Chapter 4

Operators in Java
Class 10 - Logix Kips ICSE Computer Applications with
BlueJ
Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

If a = 8 and b = 4, the value of a %= b is ...........

1. 2
2. 0✓
3. 4
4. 8

Explanation

    a %= b
⇒a=a%b
⇒ a = 8 % 4     [Putting values of a & b]
⇒ a = 0    

% is modulo operator that returns the remainder of the division operation. Dividing 8 by 4
gives 2 as quotient and 0 as remainder so the final answer is 0.

Question 2

An operator taking only single operand for its operation is called ...........

1. A unary operator ✓
2. A binary operator
3. A ternary operator
4. None of these

Question 3
Which one of the following is not a binary operator?

1. AND
2. %
3. ==
4. !✓

Explanation

! is the NOT operator that works on only one operand so it is a unary operator not a binary
operator.

Question 4

Which one of the following is not a valid operator in Java?

1. <=
2. !== ✓
3. !=
4. ==

Question 5

The statement i = i + 1 is equivalent to ...........

1. i++
2. i += 1
3. ++i
4. All of these ✓

Explanation

All the 3 statements increment the value of i by 1.

Question 6

For x = 5, the statement sum = ++x + 8 evaluates to ...........

1. sum = 12
2. sum = 13
3. sum = 14 ✓
4. sum = 15
Explanation

    sum = ++x + 8

⇒ sum = 6 + 8
⇒ sum = 14

++x will first increment the value of x from 5 to 6 and then use this incremented value in
the expression.

Question 7

Assuming x = 1 with the following code snippet:

    int y = --x;
Which one of the following is true?

1. x=1, y=1
2. x=0, y=0 ✓
3. x=1, y=0
4. x=0, y=1

Explanation

--x will first decrement the value of x from 1 to 0 and then assign the decremented value to
y so both x and y will be 0.

Question 8

The statement (1>0) && (1<0) evaluates to ...........

1. 0
2. 1
3. false ✓
4. true

Explanation

1>0 is true and 1<0 is false so the condition becomes true && false. As && return true only
when both of its operands are true so the answer is false.

Question 9

The statement (1>0) || (1<0) evaluates to ...........

1. 0
 2. 1
3. false
4. true ✓

Explanation

1>0 is true and 1<0 is false so the condition becomes true || false. As || return true if one
or both of its operands are true so the answer is true.

Question 10

The statement (1==1)? 1: 0 evaluates to ...........

1. 0
2. 1✓
3. false
4. true

Explanation

1==1 is true so the expression just after the question mark (which in this case is 1) is returned.

Question 11

The expression 17 % 4 gives the output ...........

1. 4
2. 3
3. 2
4. 1✓

Explanation

% is modulus operator that returns the remainder of the division operation. Dividing 17 by
4 gives 4 as quotient and 1 as remainder so the final answer is 1.

Question 12

Consider the following code snippet:

float x = 8.25F;
int y;
y = (int) x;
What are the values of x and y?

1. x= 8.25, y = 8 ✓
2. x = 8.0, y = 8.0
3. x = 8, y = 8.25
4. x = 8, y = 8

Explanation

When float value is casted to an int, the digits after the decimal sign are discarded so y is
assigned a value of 8.

Question 13

The expression 13 / 3 gives the output ...........

1. 4✓
2. 3
3. 0
4. 1

Explanation

When both operands of division operator (/) are integers then integer division takes place
discarding the digits after the decimal sign.

Question 14

The statement System.out.println("six " + 3 + 3); gives the output ...........

1. six 33 ✓
2. six 6
3. 33 six
4. 6 six

Explanation

First "six " + 3 is evaluated. As one operand of addition operator (+) is string and other int so
int is converted to string and concatenation is performed resulting in "six 3". Next, "six 3" +
3 is evaluated and similarly the result is six 33.

Question 15
The expression 4 + 8 % 2 gives the output ...........

1. 6
2. 8
3. 4✓
4. None of these

Explanation

    4 + 8 % 2
⇒4+0
⇒4

Due to operator precedence 8 % 2 is evaluated first. Its result is 0 so final result is 4.

Question 16

Implicit type conversion is also known as ...........

1. Automatic type conversion

2. Type promotion
3. Widening conversion
4. All of these ✓

State whether the given statements are True or False

Question 1

There is only one ternary operator in Java.

True

Question 2

Arithmetic operators + and - also have a unary form.

True

Question 3

Operators = and == perform the same operation in Java.

False

Question 4
The expression 14 % 2 evaluates to 0.
True

Question 5

The expression 7 / 13 evaluates to 0.

True

Question 6

The output of System.out.println(!true); is false.

True

Question 7

The expressions 6 + 7 and "6" + "7" evaluate to the same value.

False

Question 8

The expression m = m + 2 is same as m =+ 2.

False

Question 9

The new operator allocates memory during runtime.

True

Question 10

The statements n = 25 and n == 25 are same.

False

Question 11

The expression p =- 9 is same as p = p-9.

False

Question 12

The assignment operator (=) is a binary operator.

True

Question 13
The output of System.out.println(1==1); is true.
True

Question 14

Explicit type conversion is also known as coercion.

False

Assignment Questions

Question 1

We have two variables x and y. Write Java statements to calculate the result of division of y by x
and calculate the remainder of the division.

Answer

int quotient = y / x;
int remainder = y % x;

Question 2

Assign the value of pi (i.e., 3.142) to a variable with requisite data type.

Answer

float pi = 3.142f;

Question 3

What are logical operators? Give an example of each.

Answer

Logical operators operate only on boolean operands and are used to construct complex decision-
making expressions. Some of the logical operators are given below:

Operator Symbol

Logical AND &&

Logical OR ||
 Operator Symbol

Logical NOT !

Question 4

What is an assignment operator? Give an example.

Answer

Assignment operator is used to assign the value of an expression to a variable. It has the
following syntax:

variable = expression;

For example,

totalMarks = 780;

The above statement assigns the value of 780 to the variable totalMarks. Any previous value
stored in totalMarks variable is overwritten by this new value.

Question 5

Explain the shorthand assignment operator with an example.

Answer

Java provides shorthand assignment operators for all the arithmetic binary operators. Shorthand
assignment operators follow the below syntax:

variable = variable operation expression;

Taking the example of shorthand addition operator, the expression x = x + 3 can be rewritten
as x += 3;

Question 6

What is the purpose of the new operator?

Answer

The new operator is used to allocate memory for the object.

Question 7
What is the use and syntax of a ternary operator?

Answer

Ternary operator is used to check if a condition is true and false. Depending on whether the
condition tests true or false, expression 1 or expression 2 is evaluated. Its syntax is:

boolean-expression ? expression1 : expression2;

Question 8

State the difference between = and ==.

Answer

= ==

It is the assignment operator used for It is the equality operator used to check if a variable is
assigning a value to a variable. equal to another variable or literal.

E.g. int a = 10; assigns 10 to variable a. E.g. if (a == 10) checks if variable a is equal to 10 or not.

Question 9

If a = 5, b = 9, calculate the value of:

    a += a++ - ++b + a

Answer

    a += a++ - ++b + a

⇒ a = a + (a++ - ++b + a)
⇒ a = 5 + (5 - 10 + 6)
⇒a=5+1
⇒a=6

a++ first uses the current value of a (which is 5) in the expression and then increments it to 6. +
+b first increment the current value of b to 10 and uses this incremented value in the expression.

Question 10

Distinguish between the following:

a. Prefix and Postfix Increment

Answer

Prefix Increment Postfix Increment

It works on the principle of first increment,

It works on the principle of first use, then increment.
then use.

It (++) is written before the operand. It (++) is written after the operand.

Example: Example:
int a = 99; int a = 99;
int b = ++a; int b = a++;
After the execution of these two statements, After the execution of these two statements, a will have
both a and b will have the value of 100. the value of 100 and b will have the value of 99.
b. Prefix and Postfix Decrement

Answer

Prefix Decrement Postfix Decrement

It works on the principle of first decrement,

It works on the principle of first use, then decrement.
then use.

It (--) is written before the operand. It (--) is written after the operand.

Example: Example:
int a = 100; int a = 100;
int b = --a; int b = a--;
After the execution of these two statements, After the execution of these two statements, a will have
both a and b will have the value of 99. the value of 99 and b will have the value of 100.
c. Unary and Binary Operators

Answer

Unary Operators Binary Operators

It operates on a single operand It operates on two operands

 Unary Operators Binary Operators

Increment (++) and Decrement (--) operators are Multiplication (*) and Division (/) are examples
examples of Unary Arithmetic Operators of Binary Arithmetic Operators

d. Increment and Decrement Operator

Answer

Increment Operator Decrement Operator

Increment operators increment the value of their Decrement operators decrement the value of their
operand by 1. operand by 1.

Increment operators are represented by ++ symbol. Decrement operators are represented by -- symbol.

e. / and % operator

Answer

/ %

It is the Division operator It is the Modulus operator

Returns the quotient of division operation Returns the remainder of division operation

Example: int a = 5 / 2; Here a will get the value of Example: int b = 5 % 2; Here b will get the value of
2 which is the quotient of this division operation 1 which is the remainder of this division operation

Question 11

If m=5, n=2; what will be the output of m and n after execution?

i. m -= n       ii. n = m + m/n

Answer

i.  m -= n
⇒m=m-n
⇒m=5-2
⇒m=3
ii. n = m + m/n
⇒ n = 5 + 5/2
⇒n=5+2
⇒n=7

Question 12

If x = 3, y = 7, calculate the value of:

x -= x++ - ++y

Answer

    x -= x++ - ++y

⇒ x = x - (x++ - ++y)
⇒ x = 3 - (3 - 8)
⇒ x = 3 - (-5)
⇒x=3+5
⇒x=8

Question 13

What will be the output of the following if x=5?

i. 5 * ++x
ii. 5 * x++

Answer

i.  5 * ++x
⇒5*6
⇒ 30

ii.  5 * x++
⇒5*5
⇒ 25

Question 14

What is type conversion? How is an implicit type conversion different from explicit type
conversion?

Answer

Type conversion is a process that converts a value of one data type to another data type.

In an implicit conversion, the result of a mixed mode expression is obtained in the higher most
data type of the variables without any intervention by the user. For example:
int a = 10;
float b = 25.5f, c;
c = a + b;

In case of explicit type conversion, the data gets converted to a type as specified by the
programmer. For example:

int a = 10;
double b = 25.5;
float c = (float)(a + b);

Question 15

What do you understand by type conversion?

Answer

Type conversion is a process that converts a value of one data type to another data type.

Question 16

Explain the term 'typecasting'.

Answer

The process of converting a value of one data type to another data type is called typecasting.

Question 17

What are precedence and associativity?

Answer

Precedence of operators refers to the order in which the operators are applied to the operands in
an expression.
Associativity of operators refers to the direction of execution of operators ("Left to Right" or
"Right to Left") when operators in an expression have the same precedence.

Question 18

Evaluate the following expressions, if the values of the variables are a = 2, b = 3 and c = 3

i. a - (b++) * (--c)

ii. a * (++b) %c

Answer
i.  a - (b++) * (--c)
⇒2-3*2
⇒2-6
⇒ -4

ii. a * (++b) %c
⇒2*4%3
⇒8%3
⇒2

Question 19

Write the Java expressions for the following:

i. (a + b)2 + b

Answer

Math.pow(a+b, 2) + b

ii. a2 + b2

Answer

a*a+b*b

iii. z = x3 + y3 + (xy) / 3

Answer

z = Math.pow(x, 3) + Math.pow(y, 3) + x * y / 3

iv. f = a2 + b2 / a2 - b2

Answer

f = (a * a + b * b) / (a * a - b * b)

v. z = ab + bc + ca / 3abc

Answer

z = (a * b + b * c + c * a) / (3 * a * b * c)

vi. 0 <= x <= 50

Answer

x >= 0 && x <= 50

vii. a = (0.05 - 2y3) / x - y

Answer

a = (0.05 - 2 * y * y * y) / (x - y)

viii. (a + b)n / √3 + b

Answer

Math.pow(a+b, n) / (Math.sqrt(3) + b)

ix. ax + by / ∛x + ∛y

Answer

(Math.pow(a, x) + Math.pow(b, y)) / (Math.cbrt(x) + Math.cbrt(y))

Question 20

Rewrite the following statements without using shorthand operators.

a. p /= q
b. p -= 1
c. p *= q + r
d. p -= q - r

Answer

a. p = p / q
b. p = p - 1
c. p = p * (q + r)
d. p = p - (q - r)

Question 21

Determine the output of the following program.

public class Test

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a = 1, b = 2;
System.out.println("Output1: " + a + b);
System.out.println("Output2: " + (a + b));
}
}
Output

Output1: 12
Output2: 3

Explanation

In the first println statement, the expression is "Output1: " + a + b. First "Output1: " +
a is evaluated. As one operand of addition operator is string and other is int so int is casted to
string and concatenated giving the result as "Output1: 1". After that, "Output1: 1" + 2 is
evaluated and similarly the result is Output1: 12.
In second println statement, the expression is "Output2: " + (a + b). Due to brackets, (a + b) is
evaluated first. As both operands are integers so they are added giving the result as 3. After that,
"Output2: " + 3 is evaluated, resulting in "Output2: 3".

Question 22

What is the difference between the following two statements in terms of execution? Explain the
results.
x -= 5;
x =- 5;

Answer

The first statement, x -= 5; subtracts 5 from x and assigns the result back to x. It is equivalent
to x = x - 5;
The second statement, x =- 5; assigns the value of -5 to x.

Question 23

What is concatenation? On which data type is concatenation performed?

Answer

Concatenation means joining two strings together. It is performed on String data type.

Question 24

Determine the output of the following program.

public class PredictOutput1

{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 4, b = 2, c = 3;
System.out.println("Output 1: " + (a = b * c));
 System.out.println("Output 2: " + (a = (b * c)));
}
}

Output

Output 1: 6
Output 2: 6

Explanation

In the first println statement, the expression is (a = b * c). * has higher precedence than = so
first b and c are multiplied and after that the result is assigned to a. Assignment operator returns
the value of the assignment so the result of this (a = b * c) entire expression is 6.
In the second println statement, the expression is (a = (b * c)). Putting b * c in brackets
causes b * c to be evaluated first but the result is same as the first println statement as * has
higher precedence than =.

Question 25

Determine the output of the following program.

public class PredictOutput2

{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 6, b = 2, c = 3;
System.out.println("Output 1: " + (a == b * c));
System.out.println("Output 2: " + (a == (b * c)));
}
}

Output

Output 1: true
Output 2: true

Explanation

b * c results in 6 which is equal to the value of a so true is printed in both the cases.

Question 26

Determine the output of the following program.

public class PredictOutput3
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 2, b = 2, c = 2;
System.out.println("Output 1: " + (a + 2 < b * c));
System.out.println("Output 2: " + (a + 2 < (b * c)));
}
}

Output

Output 1: false
Output 2: false

Explanation

In the first println statement, the expression is (a + 2 < b * c). b * c is evaluated first as *
has higher precedence than + and <. After that a + 2 is evaluated as between + and <, + has
higher precedence. Comparison is done in the end. As 4 < 4 is false so false is printed. The case
of second println statement is similar.