o2107 010/CAPE/ t[S / 2004

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CARTBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
ADV}NCED PROFICIENCY EX]TMINATIONS

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BIOLOCI

UNIT2-PAPERO],
MARI( SCUEME 2OO4

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 2 q2107 010/CAPE/MS/2004

DIOLOGY

UNIT 02. PAPER 01

HAR( SCHEME 2OO 4

Modu1e I
KC UK

Question I
(a) (i) CO, 1
(ii) Water? 1

(b) (i) ATP 1

( ii ) NADPN 1

(c) Sorneof the molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate

are used to generate molecules of ribulose I, 5
bisphosiphate -
The renainiler is used to produce carbohydrates
r$
2 points well erplaiDed - 2 marks 2
I point weII explained - 1 mark
(d) (i) The granun/grana I
(ii) rn B lighii is absorbed by chlorophyll
molecules and is dsed indirectly to poi{er ATP
synthesi6 (Proton gradient).
In the interior of the thylakoid \'rater is
split into oxygen gas and hydrogen atoms
(electrons/protons). These electrons are
accepted by NADP* and H* to give NADPH.
In A, the NADPII and ATP from B are used in the
Calvin cycle.
3
3p oinLs l{ell erplaiaed - 3 marks
Zp oiitE wel.l. explained - 2 narks
1p oint well. explained - 1 mark
7 3
syllabus olijective!;! Module 1! 2.31 2.4
 3 o2 1o7010/cAPE/MS/20O4
BIOLOCI

UNIT 02 - PAPER 01

I'{ARK SCIIEME 2004,

Module I
t Oue stion 2 t(c trx
(a) (i) Level B
(ii) The primary prod)cers
rirst tropiric i;;;;'.r;"-|]in ecosvstem occupv the
reed. on .i,"-p.i."i, pri'rnarv consumers who
LroPhfc feve1. ;l:;d,:::
lcers/ occupy the ngxt

2poiDts-2Darks
I point-1 nark 2

(b) l9
x 100 0.091t
:iri 20810 =
Any suitable calculation f
- I mark I
(c) The ene::gy crjptured bv
a
qrowth, ,i" iral""r"I, "' ndn organism is -rsed for
process€.- heat is lost duriDg these
The hea: energy lost
i) is I
organisns ir iil.-i"rt*i.not availabre to thF
i
:;;rF-;;";"i;,li::xi:iil'::ti:iii
Encriry -;:*lj"t :i:il,lti o".o"
rs avai.lable.
is also l^.r
i rroprrl"-1.;;;"r;"il ;: oreanisrns iL the nexr
-t"aie."tiuiJ^;;";;"i""i:;"::"::iiSr:::l
oon.=,
it:
Any 2 poitlts well explained
I poilt $relL e xplained - I 2 narhs
- &ark z
(d) . Sperrn whales
lpoint_lmarh
1
(e) BIue whales 1AOO x IgO OOO
t'rn whales 2OO0O -i 70 0OO
342 000 o0o
sPerm- r"'hafes 1400 000 000
3OO0O x 45 00U
ser rrhales I2OoO x 20 oo0 1350 0oo ooo
uLomass = 3332 mlllion kgs 240 000 oo0

Nurnbei. of whales killeil i

Height of uhales kilted ,"..::-"tu. coftect - I nark 3
coriect ."..i=_i ;;;;". each species _ 1 Dark
Total - 3 marks
(f) . wh a le.5 are tertiarv '1 1i

.n"v 4th tropic rever since

reei ",,i-",".ii;';;:n,::"':^ers
c,r =;;ii;.';;;r.rustaceans, morruscs r.,hich
k tol wl'' ll are
second,rrl' "oopran -
"o,r"u*aaa l
1 point we-,i explained _ I 1
hrar-k
 4 o2107 0J.0/CAPE/MS / 2004

BICLOGI

UNIT 02 - PAPER 01

l.r.AxR SCHEME 200 4,

Module 1
KC UK

Question 3

(a) (i) ATP I rlra rk 1

(ii) pIj ce arrow heads as shgwn bel.o!.,

9
H:o I
2H
1
-.> 1 3 5

C1 C2 C3 C1

4 6 8
Q2
ii
10

AII 9 araow headls must be correct - 1 mark 1

1
( j,ii) 1 4 5 8 1 rnark
I
(iv) cytochrome oxidase I nark
1
(b) 4 I mark

(c) (i) '. oxidation of a 3c dcid to pyruvate

during formation of acetyl cQA from pyruvate'
2
2poilts-2marks
(ii) ' during glycolysis t'rhen a diphosPhate releases
-P and it joins with ADP - ATP
' when a phosphate group is released from an
ir,terme<tiatl during glycolysis' the P joins
with ADP + ATP '
1
,',.:"tt":a ansr{er - l rlark
(i) decreaseis PH/becomes nore acidic
I
(d)
cliffuse back (via the stalked particles)
1
(ii)
5 4
iyllabus objectir:res: Motlule l: 3'4/ 3'6
 5 02i i)7OlO/CAPE/Ms / zOO4
BIOLOGI

UNIT 02 - PAPER OI

MARI( SCHEME 2 OO4

Module 2

xc UK
Question 4

(a) (i)
insulin ' (or other proteiD/peptide hormone
) 1
(ii) oestrogen (or other steroid
horrnone ) 1
(b) activated prolein coulcl act
and,prevenE the read-off of asa
a repressor molecufe
gene.
activated protein coulcr inhibii
rnolecule, and aIlov, a gene Lo bea repressor
tr-anscrilled-
2 points I mark each
2
(c) (i) acetyr chorine r mark :i9
I
(ii) receptor for acetyl choline 1 mark I
( i.ri ) ' protein portals in membrane open
'. Sodium enters membraDe
f.,otas srum
leaves menbrane
' an action potential is generata3
Any 2 poiDts 2 marks
z
(d) acetyl choJ-ine6terase breaks down
ch;Iine the acetyl
the molecule no lonqer fits the receptor
tht' mernbrane reacti6n -as Dot maintaiDed site
_

Any I point l mark

I
(e) F may have a negative feedback on the production
of A
I ncreas iDg concent.ratign of F r-etards
production ofA the

Any I point I nark 1

SylLabus objectivest uo<ilrle 2t 6.4,

1.t 3 7
 6 ozl 07 010/cAPE/Vts / 2004

BIOLOGT

UNIT 02 - PAPER OI
HARK SCHEME 2OO4

Motlule 2 I(c UK

Qu estion 5
3
(a) s Semilunar valve
T Right ventricle
vena cava
w aorta
x Ieft tcntri.,:le
Y left.itriun
Total and dl.tlae UY 2 (round uP)
1
(b) z 1 marli
1
flexible mernbrane :.s inflated and forces
blood
(c) (i) th€
otil qf the tube 1 mark
i
(ii) ' As the menbraii.'.ll'ii'i;.""i:3:": '"
pressure rs cl (w) closes'
' The valve in the exit tube
t
ii"u"''ting back f Io'.' of blood'
BlL)od enters from Z into
the area of Jower
'
pressure '
z
AnY2PoiEts-2marks
1 Point - 1 mark
The delicate Iungs require
a lower Pressure' hish
(d) 1. tl'-n:il:'' tosopush
2. rhe lunss u'" "it'uiil-lj;"; !"
bv Lhe !'a11s
pressure need not ;;";';;;;;
blood there '
2
2potnts-2marks
1point-1mark
inflate less
(e) . the right side menbranq could
courd be more flexibre
' the right side ^";;;;; ue instarrea in the tube
' a Pressure t"oottr:-tl'io
i"'aai"g tt., the Purmonary artery
. i.y lo"f,.:i acceptable suggestion
1

1 Poiut - 1 mark 2
3.3, 3-5, 5.5
syllabuE objectives I Module 2:
 'l o2107010/cAPE / t{ts / 2c0 4
BIOLOGT

UNIT 02 - PAPER 01

MARX SCHEME 2OO4

Module 2
xc UK
x Question 6

!'ri (a) A-sodium-1nark

,.
. Graph A shows a rising concentration
the medu1la. Sodiun ron concentration deeper into
the Jeeper interstitial increases in
t.
. Na' concentration il
."gir;;-;;-;;;
l: ^"orrr..
ll::.9i"q.11f-l';:,H'i:r"ii'.'i,::'r:il:li:H;
pass by diffusion f
te the resion ;i-d:"T.:::"lfi:i"::irl:op or Henle
' ( 2 )Na' are pumr,ed -ii#k
ac.ti.v91y r.". arr"
t^o the inlerstitial iegion. ascending
" _^. _r-1*
zporDts-2marks
lpoint-1mark 3

B-protein_lrnark
. craph B 6hows a high concenLration
the cortex and Iitife of protein in
proteins are or no protein in the medulla
rerained i" th"^;i;;;; lia..=ora."
rirtration by the qromerrli r";;;;; ii"ln"'"o.."*,
and do not pass inio the rirtrite ^tr,J.'i.pr,ron.
. The.podocytes of the menbrane
Jt
;;;";;.;;;
capillary iumen .from th. 1u;err-;i*;;;'##;,=I;-
capsulg act as molecular sieves
frorn tile ultra fittrate based """ipaiin.,i."a.in"
""-r.i ilrJui].""i"".
2points-2marks
lpoint-lnark 3

(b) Control ADH at 250 mins is 400 uni ts

With ac(le.d ADH at 2 5 O mins 2600 units
Difference + 2200 units
Correct calculation _ r. lrark
(c) ADH iS released when the plasma osnolarity
irrcreas
. when the body is beconing dehydrated
I point - 1 mark
I
(d) ' Dehydration
. Loss of solutes Na., Cl- and R*-
1 poiDt - t hark
1
(e) Diabe tes
I
Syllabus objectives! Module 2: I f
5 5 2 5 3 5.4 7
 B o2LO7 07O /(iAPE /t(S /2OO4

BIOLOGY

UNIT 02 - PAPER 01
I'{.ARK SCITEME 2004

Hodule 3 xc UK

uestion 7

(a) In developing countries vhere there is rapid

econonic development and increased personal
incomes, persons are becoming obese and inactive
due tc incorrect health choiceg.
Poorel,- persons/or those vith lesser ingomes,
normally incorporate a large number of
carboh:.drates into their diet-
1 poi-nt well exPlaiDed - 1 maEk

(b) ' Tvpe I diabetes mellitus is associaUed v'ith thc

fti" Jf pancreatic beta-cell nass which leads iJ
dr.ninishld insulin productjon and secretion'
' Type lI associated with detective insulin
receptor s '
2
2points-2marks
lpoint-lmark
(c) Take insul in
Exercise .negularly to reduce veight
Eat fess, avoid fattY foods
eat more fruits, vegetables ' lrhite meat
Stop smoking

ADy 3 points well exPlaineil - 3 marhs

2 points uell exPlaire'l - 2 marks
1 point lrell erPlaineal - 1 mark
(d) D iabetics have

Insutin deficieniy levels to hyperglycenia and

glycpsurra
I
}lei ht IosE Reduced' abitity to synthesise Iipid
and protein which are broken down
to suppJ-y energy because cells are
deficient in glucc:re
Eat more Insulin increasei the uPtake of
glucose into cel.i-.1 +f liver' muscle
and adipose tissue
clvconoqenesis is s tiniulaled
pi-s tu rbi nces ilr meEabolic Pr\rJesses
do noL allow for the efficient
conversion of food molecules '
 9 02107010,/cAPE /Ms / 200 4
iii
BIOLOGI

UNIT 02 _ PAPER 01

r4ARt( SCHEME 2 oo4

Module 3
;,:
t!
Oue st ron 7 ( conr_ 'd ) KC UK

Urine High levels of blood qfu

to move rr".-inl^IJir]rucose cause waLer
osmosis and the kidnevs nto the blood by
ourput to
DIood.
.";;;.;';;:::,';:l::";,Hrl;.
3 points uell explained
2 poiuts well explained _ 3 marks
I point well explained __ 2 narks 3
I nark
If student nakes a genert
r. rnark car also be utfotild"au*"ment like flrst point
(e) glucagon
stimulates to convert glycogen back to
ll:..rty". the
glucose to resupply
blood -
2points_lmark
lpoiEt_Omark 1

Syllabus Objectivcs: Module

J3 I 3 2 2 2.5 3 ;l

i
 10 o2107 OI'O/cAPE/t(s / 2OO4

BIOLOGI

UNIT 02 _ PAPER 01

r. }IARK SCHEME 2OO4

xc UK
a- Module 3
tr:
0ue stion I
form thaL
(a) (i) A pathogen in an inactive or attenuated
and the immune system
is introduced i"to tit-f"ay'
.""fo"a.. Producj'ng antibodies '
F
I (ii.lTheactualantibodiessPecifictotheant.igenaae
t"'
E i;;.;;;l7int'od"c"d into tt'e bodv to Provroe
i,*i*ai"t" short-term Protecti'on'
z
,;.
:.:
1 Ilark ')r f eai:lr

(b) (f) at Y.:

I cut
Macrophages uP the antigen Protern
mernbrane' circurate and disPraY
Antigen Presenting cerrs
the ProLeins ' are
1
+ i"i.ir"t"""i's Yrith apPropriate recePiors
act ivated -
T cells secrete cytokrnes
..
B cells are activated
clonal Eelection occurs
3
Any3Points-3marks
(ii) at Y:
Lhe nurnber of B cell-s
The Tc cel]s retard
secreting antibodres'--^ invaded and kiIIed
The 'l' killer cells have
some of the Pathogens '
1

1 Point - 1 mark
protein
(iii) ' The antigen has recognisable
' receptors pieces'
:elrs present the ProLein
: :[":r:iffi'#il ""
cells
activated'
' cIonaI expansion of B :""ot":-''
";ii;
cells'
into Flasma
' B cells aift"ilnti"t" occurs
"^t.iii"lv'ptoao"tiot' quickly '
'
Tl,ere it "o it'" :titv of cronal
'^
'. "lla-i"'-
sel-ection ' 3

A?Y3Points-3tnarks
T" ceIIs 1
antiqens are engulfed-uhil'r
(c) During Phagocytocas ' and d!stroY it in Ler nar rY '
in')lde the orqanrsm 3 7
2 '16
3: 2.10, ?-LL,2.13,2'L5'
syllabus Qbjectives I Modulc
 1l O2707 Oto / cApE
/MS / Zooq
BIOLOGI

uNrr 02 - p-qpER ol
UARK SCHEME 2OO4
I.IoduIe.i
i.
est 10n 9
XC UK

ff.:::"::*."ses, nutritionar intake shouLd

i':;::t:':rl:',1:l:.n.". hisher requirehents ror
: iliii"Xftiji.eirrs have hisher rsqullqments tban
trom aoa t,
4t:, ca:ciu,i. -' - r) Doth boys girrs reguire more .
and

xrtliltl.o.;"nuirement doubles for both boys and

a 2points_2marks
(b) (i) 2
(ii) ii;3'oiliH,,il'#:1J"il5""::S.:. o, erams 516n6u.o.
I
: I;.:i:':iri5.i"J"IIl_is very row.
fi
'":r;i*t i:m',l'i "'::;oii"'
i#,i::ilf
ll:l-'i# ii;;:# :1l; [, ff i3 r"'. i i, : "' "

: sj;*15ift::i:,i;';r#i;',,:;5 ;ilffT3;::,"
Keduced appeti
te.
AD./2 suitable points _
z marks
ac) (i) 03.5 |r]n more vj.t 2
A avai:
(ii) I
(due ,o
(d)
3,1il:ff=. "";l:i:..:*,',. ,;,,. I

#";ii*i-'+;r::,+:.'uil:*ti.tiii#il:"
f
I poin t - 1 Eark
(e) Two characteristics
of I',E.M I
reduced EMR
Lethargy
ross of appet iLe
;t::lilI";;fl:;:^:. orgi.veive g
a :"::i:i:.:;f:;*
 2004
02107 010 /CAPE /Ms/

BIO',OGY

UNIT 02 - PAPER 01
MARK SCHEUE 2OO4

Module 3
FI."
Que stion 9 ( cont' d)

(e) (cont'd)
. stunt ing
. wasting abdonen
: ;;;;i;'r oedema - broated
of hair
: ffi;-1;"s/reddenins s)rnPtom
' arry other accePtable

AnY2Points-2narks 3 1

3: 2'1.t Z'2
Syllabus Objc=tives: l{otlule