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    Principles of Science Aurum Lecture Notes Outline

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    Dowe Peraya
    This document outlines key concepts and terms related to principles of science, including the scientific method. It discusses how science assumes the world can be understood through observation and testing of hypotheses, and how ideas in science are constantly being questioned and re-evaluated. Key parts of the scientific method like hypotheses, experiments, conclusions, and communicating results are defined. The document also covers sources of error and bias in scientific studies, such as through probability, natural experiments, blind and double-blind experimental design. Scientific fraud is eventually detected due to reproducibility and peer review. An example given is the fraudulent MMR vaccine and autism study, which had worldwide effects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Principles of Science Aurum Lecture Notes Outline

    Uploaded by

    Dowe Peraya
    159 views4 pages
    This document outlines key concepts and terms related to principles of science, including the scientific method. It discusses how science assumes the world can be understood through observation and testing of hypotheses, and how ideas in science are constantly being questioned and re-evaluated. Key parts of the scientific method like hypotheses, experiments, conclusions, and communicating results are defined. The document also covers sources of error and bias in scientific studies, such as through probability, natural experiments, blind and double-blind experimental design. Scientific fraud is eventually detected due to reproducibility and peer review. An example given is the fraudulent MMR vaccine and autism study, which had worldwide effects.

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    Principles-of-Science-Aurum-Lecture-Notes-Outline

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    This document outlines key concepts and terms related to principles of science, including the scientific method. It discusses how science assumes the world can be understood through observation and testing of hypotheses, and how ideas in science are constantly being questioned and re-evaluated. Key parts of the scientific method like hypotheses, experiments, conclusions, and communicating results are defined. The document also covers sources of error and bias in scientific studies, such as through probability, natural experiments, blind and double-blind experimental design. Scientific fraud is eventually detected due to reproducibility and peer review. An example given is the fraudulent MMR vaccine and autism study, which had worldwide effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    159 views4 pages

    Principles of Science Aurum Lecture Notes Outline

    Uploaded by

    Dowe Peraya
    This document outlines key concepts and terms related to principles of science, including the scientific method. It discusses how science assumes the world can be understood through observation and testing of hypotheses, and how ideas in science are constantly being questioned and re-evaluated. Key parts of the scientific method like hypotheses, experiments, conclusions, and communicating results are defined. The document also covers sources of error and bias in scientific studies, such as through probability, natural experiments, blind and double-blind experimental design. Scientific fraud is eventually detected due to reproducibility and peer review. An example given is the fraudulent MMR vaccine and autism study, which had worldwide effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Environmental Science Notes Outline Unit 2: Principles of Science

    Principles of Science
    Science and Pseudoscience
    1. Science assumes that the world can be ________________, given enough ___________

    and _______________________.

    2. All ideas in science are constantly being _______________________________________

    _______________________________________________________________________.

    3. Define hypothesis -

    4. Define theory -

    5. Scientific discoveries must be reproducible. What does this mean?

    6. Define pseudoscience –

    7. Spontaneous generation is an example of pseudoscience. Give two reasons why.

    8. What was the goal of alchemy? Why did the study of chemistry advance so little during this
    time?

    9. Why is the study of astrology not really considered scientific?

    Scientific Method
    10. All scientific studies follow the same sequence of steps, called the _________________

    ____________________.

    aurumscience.com/environmental/2_science/lecture.html 1
    Environmental Science Notes Outline Unit 2: Principles of Science

    11. Fill in each of the parts of the scientific method from the diagram below.

    12. In a controlled study, one ________________ is tested at a time.

    13. Fill in the steps of the scientific method.

    14. Define observation –

    a. What observation did Dr. Jenner make when studying smallpox?

    aurumscience.com/environmental/2_science/lecture.html 2
    Environmental Science Notes Outline Unit 2: Principles of Science

    15. Define hypothesis –

    a. Can hypotheses be proven false?

    b. What was Dr. Jenner’s hypothesis?

    16. Define experiment –

    a. A controlled experiment will attempt to test a _____________ ________________.

    17. There are two groups in a controlled experiment. Define each:

    a. Experimental Group:

    b. Control Group:

    18. Describe the control and experimental groups in Dr. Jenner’s experiment.

    19. Define conclusion -

    20. What is the purpose of communicating the results of an experiment?

    a. What happened when Dr. Jenner communicated his results to the Royal Society?

    aurumscience.com/environmental/2_science/lecture.html 3
    Environmental Science Notes Outline Unit 2: Principles of Science

    Error and Bias


    21. Define probability -

    a. How is the issue of probability countered?

    b. What did Dr. Jenner do to answer his critics?

    22. What does it mean to conduct a natural experiment?

    a. Give an advantage of this kind of experiment.

    b. Give a disadvantage of this kind of experiment.

    23. Define bias -

    24. Two types of experimental design exist to combat bias. Describe each one.

    a. Blind:

    b. Double-Blind:

    25. Scientific fraud is always detected, eventually, due to the _______________________ and

    ____________________.

    a. What damage is caused by scientific fraud?

    26. The MMR Vaccine and Autism study published by Dr. Wakefield is considered an example
    of scientific fraud. What effects were caused worldwide by it?

    aurumscience.com/environmental/2_science/lecture.html 4

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