Lab No # 03

Network Basic Commands

Objective:
• Gather information including connection, host name, Layer 2 MAC address and Layer 3
TCP/IP network address information.
• Compare network information to other PCs on the network.
• Learn to use the TCP/IP Packet Internet Groper (ping) command from a workstation.
• Learn to use the Trace Route (tracert) command from a workstation.
Apparatus:

 Computer system
 Command prompt
Procedure:
PC Network TCP/IP Configuration

Step 1: Connect into the Internet

Establish and verify connectivity to the Internet. This ensures the computer has an IP address.

Step 2: Gather TCP/IP configuration information

Use the Start menu to open the Command Prompt, an MS-DOS-like window. Press Start >
Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt
OR
Start > Programs > Command
Prompt.
Figure 1 shows the Command screen.
Type ipconfig and press the Enter key. The spelling of ipcon fig is critical while case is not.
It is short for IP Configuration.

Fig.1: Command Screen for IP configuration

 Fig.1: Command Screen for IP configuration

Fig.2: Command Screen for IP configuration

This first screen shows the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. The IP address and the
default gateway should be in the same network or subnet, otherwise this host would not be able
to communicate outside the network. In the figure the subnet mask tells us that the first three
octets must be the same to be in the same network.

Note: If this computer is on a LAN, the default gateway might not be seen if it is running behind
a Proxy Server. Record the following information for this computer.

Step 3: Record the following TCP/IP information for this computer

IP address: 192.168.1.3

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

Difference between Fig.1 and Fig.2: fig1 only wireless network used fig2 LAN and
wireless both used

Step 4: Compare the TCP/IP configuration of this computer to others on the LAN

If this computer is on a LAN, compare the information of several machines.

Are there any similarities? Yes

What is similar about the IP addresses? The last digit will be changed
What is similar about the default gateways? The default gateways will be same

The IP addresses should share the same network portion. All machines in the LAN should share
the same default gateway.

Record a couple of the IP Addresses:

192.168.1.30, 192.168.1.20
Step 5: Check additional TCP/IP configuration information

To see detailed information, type ipcon fig /all and press Enter. The figure shows the detailed IP
configuration screen.

Fig.3: Command Screen for ipconfig /all

The host name, including the computer name and NetBIOS name should be displayed. Also, the
DHCP server address, if used, and the date the IP lease starts and ends should be displayed. Look
over the information. Entries for the DNS, used in name resolution servers, may also be present.
The previous figure reveals that the router is performing both DHCP and DNS services for this
network. This would likely be a small office or home office (SOHO) or small branch office
implementation.

Notice the Physical Address (MAC) and the NIC model (Description).
Physical address 100-1F-3C-5C-FA-(7) NIC Model (intel ®Pro/wireless
3945/ABC Network Connection
Write down the IP addresses of any servers listed:
192.168.1.3
Write down the computer Host Name:

ABDUL BASIT PC

Write down the Host Names of a couple other computers:

ABDUL BASIT PC

Do all of the servers and workstations share the same network portion of the IP address as the
student workstation? YES

It would not be unusual for some or all of the servers and workstations to be in another network.
It means that the computer default gateway is going to forward requests to the other network.

Step 6: Close the Screen

Close the screen when finished examining network settings.

Repeat the previous steps as necessary. Make sure that it is possible to return to and interpret this
screen.

Based on observations, what can be deduced about the following results taken from three
computers connected to one switch?

Computer 1
IP Address: 192.168.5.13

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway: 192.168.12.1

Computer 2
IP Address: 192.168.5.5

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway: 192.168.12.1

Computer 3
IP Address: 192.168.11.97

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway: 192.168.12.1

Should they be able to talk to each other?

One and two are able to communicate the third comment

Are they all on the same network? Why or why not?
They are not on the same network because the server is changed

“ping” and “tracert “

Objectives:
• Learn to use the TCP/IP Packet Internet Groper (ping) command.
• Learn to use the Trace Route (tracert) command.
• Observe name resolution occurrences using WINS and/or DNS servers.

Background:

This lab assumes the use of any version of Windows. This is a non-destructive lab and can be
done on any machine without concern of changing the system configuration.

Ideally, this lab is performed in a LAN environment that connects to the Internet. It can be done
from a single remote connection via a modem or DSL-type connection. The student will need the
IP addresses that were recorded in the previous part of the lab.

PING Command SET:

Ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v
TOS] -t ==> repetitive.

-n ==> number of echo to be sent

-l ==> sending buffer size [Max: 65500

bytes] -f ==> don’t fragment.

-r count ==> record route for count hops [3rd layer

device] -j ==> loose source route

-k ==> strict source

route -i TTL ==> time to
live
-v TOS ==> Type of Service

Example:

Ping -t -l 60000 192.168.230.1

-f -l 1000
-l 1000

To see the difference between fragmenting and non-fragmenting, use -f

ping -r 3 192.168.230.1

Step 1: Establish and verify connectivity to the Internet

This ensures the computer has an IP address.

Step 2: Access the command prompt

As accessed in previous part of the lab.

Step 3: ping the IP address of another computer

In the window, type ping, a space, and the IP address of a computer recorded in the previous lab.
The following figure shows the successful results of ping to this IP address. Ping uses the ICMP
echo reply feature to test physical connectivity. Since ping reports on four attempts, it gives an
indication of the reliability of the connection. Look over the results and verify that the ping was
successful. Is the ping successful?

Step 4: ping the IP address of the default gateway

Try to ping the IP address of the default gateway if one was listed in the last exercise. If the ping
is successful, it means there is physical connectivity to the router on the local network and
probably the rest of the world.

Step 5: ping the IP address of a DHCP or DNS servers

Try to ping the IP address of any DHCP and/or DNS servers listed in the last exercise. If this
works for both server and they are not in the network, what does this indicate?

That these addresses are reachable from any workstation. As well, the gateway
router is working

Was the ping successful? Yes

Step 6: ping the Loopback IP address of this computer

Type the following command: ping 127.0.0.1

The 127.0.0.0 network is reserved for loopback testing. If the ping is successful, then TCP/IP is
properly installed and functioning on this computer.

Was the ping successful? Yes

Step 7: ping the hostname of another computer

Try to ping the hostname of the computer that was recorded in the previous lab.

Step8: ping the Yahoo web site

Type the following command: ping www.yahoo.com

Fig.4: Command Screen for ping www.yahoo.com

The first output line shows the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) followed by the IP
address. A Domain Name Service (DNS) server somewhere in the network was able to resolve
the name to an IP address. DNS servers resolve domain names, not hostnames, to IP addresses.

Without this name resolution, the ping would have failed because TCP/IP only understands
valid IP addresses. It would not be possible to use the web browser without this name
resolution.

With DNS, connectivity to computers on the Internet can be verified using a familiar web
address, or domain name, without having to know the actual IP address. If the nearest DNS
server does not know the IP address, the server asks a DNS server higher in the Internet
structure.
What is the IP Address of www.yahoo.com:__________________________________________

How much time did our ping took to reach www.yahoo.com: __________________________

Tracert Command SET:

tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name

-d ==> do not resolve address to hostname.

-h maximum_hops ==> maximum number of Hosts to Search for

Target -j host-list ==> loose source router along host-list

-w timeout ==> wait timeout milliseconds for each reply

Step 10:Trace the route to the Yahoo web site

What is the IP Address of www.yahoo.com:__________________________________________

How much time did our ping took to reach www.yahoo.com: __________________________
Tracert Command SET:
tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name

-d ==> do not resolve address to hostname.

-h maximum_hops ==> maximum number of Hosts to Search for

Target -j host-list ==> loose source router along host-list

-w timeout ==> wait timeout milliseconds for each reply

Step 10 Trace the route to the Yahoo web site

Type tracert www.yaho.com and press Enter.

 Fig.4: Command Screen for ping www.yahoo.com
Tracert is TCP/IP abbreviation for trace route. The preceding figure shows the successful result
when running tracert. The first output line shows the FQDN followed by the IP address.
Therefore, a DNS server was able to resolve the name to an IP address. Then there are listings of
all routers the tracert requests had to pass through to get to the destination. tracert uses the same
echo requests and replies as the ping command but in a slightly different way.Compare the
results to determine the consistency of the route. Notice in the above example that there were
relatively long delays after router 11 and 13, possibly due to congestion.
What is the difference between the following commands?
Tracert www.yahoo.com
Tracert –h 20 www.yahoo.com
Tracert www.yahoo.com show if tracert-h-20 www.yahoo.com repeat process
20times

Conclusion:
In this lab we conclude If the above steps are successful and ping or tracert can
verify connectivity with an Internet Web site, what does this indicate about the
computer configuration and about routers between the computer and the web site?
What, if anything, is the default gateway doing? The routers between the computer
and web site are configured to “pass” this ping or tracert packet on to the next
router in “line”. The default gateway on the computer, or workstation, points to the
“local” router on that particular LAN, so that router can pass the packet onto the
next router.