See Explanation

USE:
To ask questions about actions in general time that need an answer of "yes" or
"no".
FORM:
Put DO or DOES in front of the subject.
[DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB + REST]
he/she/i
Does t like milk?
Do I know him?
AFFIRMATIVE: She likes milk.

YES/NO
QUESTION: Does she like milk?
ANSWERS
USE:
To answer a yes/no question.
FORM:
[YES, SUBJECT + DO/DOES]
Yes, I/you/we/they do.
Yes, he/she/it does.
[NO, SUBJECT + DON'T/DOESN'T]
No, I/you/we/they don't.
No, he/she/it doesn't.
EXAMPLES:
"Do you work on Saturdays?"
"Yes, I do."
"Does he work on Saturdays?"

"No, he doesn't."
See Explanation
PRESENT SIMPLE: Wh Questions
USE:
To ask questions about actions in general time that begin with these questions
words: WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHY, HOW.
FORM:
Questions about the SUBJECT:
[WHO-WHAT + VERB + REST]

Who lives here?
Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE:
[WH-WORD + DO/DOES... VERB...]

When do you go home?
Where does he live?
EXAMPLES:
"Who lives in that house?"
"The Porters."
"What does Jack want to do?"

"Go to the movies.
"Where do they work?"

"At the bank."
See Explanation
COMPARISON: SUPERLATIVES
USE:
To compare one or more person or thing with a whole group.
FORM:
[THE + SUPERLATIVE FORM OF ADJECTIVE]
John is the tallest boy in the class.
They are the most beautiful shoes in the store.
Most adjectives take -est: long/longest, old/oldest
Adjectives ending in -e take -st: nice/nicest, late/latest
Adjectives ending in a vowel + consonant double the consonant: fat/fattest,

big/biggest, hot/hottest
With adjectives ending in y, drop the y; add -iest: happy/happiest, easy/easiest
With most two-syllable adjectives and longer

adjectives form the superlative with most:
honest - most honest
beautiful - most beautiful
The adjectives "good" and "bad" have an irregular superlative form:

good - best
bad - worst
EXAMPLES:
"Come to Mad Mo's. We have the cheapest,
the biggest, the most terrific store in New York! We are the best!"
See Explanation
PAST SIMPLE: STATEMENTS
USE:
To talk about past events and actions.
AFFIRMATIVE
FORM:
Regular verbs in the Past Simple end in -ed.
[SUBJECT + VERB+ed + REST]
EXAMPLES:
"Joe walked home alone last night."
"We played football last week."
SPELLING
Verbs ending in -e, take only -d: live/ lived.
With verbs ending in consonant+y, change the y to i:

carry /
carried try/ tried
NOTE: Past Simple is often used with adverbs: Yesterday, Last

week/month/year, A... ago.
NEGATIVE
FORM:
Put did not (didn't) in front of the verb.
[SUBJECT+ DID NOT+ VERB+ REST OF SENTENCE]
/DIDN'T
They did not call me last week.
Ruth didn't study last night.
EXAMPLES:
"He didn't work at all last week."
"I didn't like the movie last night."
See Explanation
PAST SIMPLE: IRREGULAR VERBS
FORM:
Some verbs have irregular forms in the Past Simple.You will have to learn them
by heart.
Here is a list of some of the most frequent verbs:
come - came put - put

do - did read - read
drink - drank say - said
eat - ate sell - sold
find - found sit - sat
get - got sleep - slept
drive - drove speak - spoke
go - went take - took
have - had tell - told
hear - heard think - thought
know - knew understand - understood
leave - left wear - wore
make
- made write - wrote
meet - met
PAST SIMPLE: QUESTIONS
YES/NO QUESTIONS
USE:
To ask questions about past actions/events that need an answer of "yes" or
"no".
FORM:
Put DID / DIDN'T in front of the subject.
[DID / DIDN'T + SUBJECT + VERB + REST]
Did you walk yesterday?

Didn't they buy the book last week?
WH-QUESTIONS
USE:
To ask questions about the past that begin with these question words: WHAT,
WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHY, HOW.
FORM:
Questions about the SUBJECT:
[WHO/WHAT + PAST VERB + REST]
Who told him?
What made that noise?
Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE:

[WH-WORD + DID + VERB...]
When did you leave school?
Where did they buy that?
EXAMPLES:
John: "Did you ask the boss about money?"
Rose: "Yes, I did."
John: "Well, what did she say?"
Rose: "She said no."
PRESENT SIMPLE: TAG QUESTIONS
USE:
To ask a yes/no question when a certain answer is already expected.
FORM:
Add a short, two-word question-tag to the end of the statement.
If "yes" is expected:
[AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE + DON'T/DOESN'T + SUBJECT]
You drive, don't you?

Carl paints, doesn't he?
If "no" is expected:
[NEGATIVE SENTENCE + DO/DOES + SUBJECT]
You don't smoke, do you?

Mary doesn't drive, doe she?
s
EXAMPLES:
"You like coffee, don't you?"
"Yes, I do." (Expect the answer to be "yes".)
"She doesn't work here, does she?"

"No, she doesn't."(Expect the answer to be "no".)
See Explanation
MODALS and SEMI-MODALS: CAN
USE:
The Modal CAN is used with verbs and adds a special meaning. Like most
Modals, CAN has more than one meaning.
MEANING:
"Joe can speak French." (ABILITY)
"You can leave early." (PERMISSION)
"It can be hot here." (POSSIBILITY)
FORM:
Like other Modals, CAN goes before the verb and only has one form.
AFFIRMATIVE
[CAN + VERB]
John can swim quickly.
You can go to the movies with your friends.
NEGATIVE
[CAN + NOT + VERB]
Diane can't swim.
Beth cannot meet us tonight.
YES/NO QUESTIONS
[CAN + SUBJECT + VERB + REST OF SENTENCE]
Can you help me?
Can I leave now?
Answers:
Yes, you can.
No, you cannot/can't.
WH-QUESTIONS
[WH-WORD + CAN... VERB...]
When can you help me?
EXAMPLES:
Danny: "Can you open it?"
Keith: "No, I can't. I can't open it."
Danny: "Let's ask Butch. He can do it."
See Explanation
MODALS and SEMI-MODALS: HAVE TO
USE:
The Semi-modal HAVE TO is used with verbs and adds a special meaning.
MEANING:
"He has to leave early." (OBLIGATION).
FORM:
Like other Modals and Semi-modals, HAVE TO goes before the verb. It has the
same form as regular verbs.
AFFIRMATIVE:
[HAVE TO + VERB + REST]
He has to leave early.
They have to do their homework.
NEGATIVE:
[DO/DOES (NOT) + SEMI-MODAL + VERB + REST]
The boys don't have to work today.
YES/NO QUESTIONS:
[DO/DOES(NOT) + SUBJECT + HAVE TO + VERB + REST]
Do I have to leave now?
Doesn't she have to study for her test?
Answers:
Yes, I do.
No, she doesn't.
WH-QUESTIONS:
[WH-WORD + (DO/DOES + SUBJECT) + HAVE TO + VERB + REST]
Who has to leave?
When do you have to call your parents?
EXAMPLES:
Mother: "It's time for bed, Michael."
Rick: "Aw, Mom. Do I have to go to bed now?"
Mother: "Yes, you do. It's late and you have to goto school tomorrow."
See Explanation
MODALS and SEMI-MODALS: MAY
USE:
The Modal MAY is used with verbs and adds a special meaning. Like most
Modals, MAY has more than one meaning.
MEANING:
"You may leave early."(PERMISSION)
"They may buy a new house." (POSSIBILITY)
FORM:
Like other Modals, MAY goes before the verb and only has one form.
AFFIRMATIVE
[MAY + VERB]
John may go with you.
They may visit us later.
NEGATIVE
[MAY + NOT + VERB]
You may not leave the table.
We may not go to the party later.
YES/NO QUESTIONS
[MAY + SUBJECT + VERB + REST]
May we leave now?
May I help me?
Answers:
Yes, you may.
No, you may not.
WH-QUESTIONS
[WH-WORD + MAY... VERB...]
When may we leave?
EXAMPLES:
Girl: "Mom, may I have a cookie?"
Mother "Okay, but only one. Your brother may
: want one, too."

See Explanation

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USE:

[DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB + REST]

AFFIRMATIVE: She likes milk.

"Does he work on Saturdays?"

[WHO-WHAT + VERB + REST]

Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE:

[WH-WORD + DO/DOES... VERB...]

"What does Jack want to do?"

"Where do they work?"

Most adjectives take -est: long/longest, old/oldest

Adjectives ending in -e take -st: nice/nicest, late/latest

Adjectives ending in a vowel + consonant double the consonant: fat/fattest,

With adjectives ending in y, drop the y; add -iest: happy/happiest, easy/easiest

With most two-syllable adjectives and longer

The adjectives "good" and "bad" have an irregular superlative form:

Verbs ending in -e, take only -d: live/ lived.

With verbs ending in consonant+y, change the y to i:

NOTE: Past Simple is often used with adverbs: Yesterday, Last

Here is a list of some of the most frequent verbs:

come - came put - put

Did you walk yesterday?

Questions about the REST OF THE SENTENCE:

You drive, don't you?

You don't smoke, do you?

"She doesn't work here, does she?"

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