Stress

STRESS
Before we can understand our psychological reactions in a survival setting, it is helpful to first know a
little bit about stress.
Stress is not a disease that you cure and eliminate. Instead, it is a condition we all experience. Stress can
be described as our reaction to pressure. It is the name given to the experience we have as we physically,
mentally, emotionally and spiritually respond to life's tensions.
Need for Stress

We need stress because it has many positive benefits. Stress provides us with challenges; it gives us
chances to learn about our values and strengths. Stress can show our ability to handle pressure without
breaking; it tests our adaptability and flexibility; it can stimulate us to do our best. Because we usually do
not consider unimportant events stressful, stress can also be an excellent indicator of the significance we
attach to an event — in other words, it highlights what is important to us.
We need to have some stress in our lives, but too much of anything can be bad. The goal is to have stress,
but not an excess of it. Too much stress can take its toll on people and organizations. Too much stress
leads to distress. Distress causes an uncomfortable tension that we try to escape and, preferably, avoid.
Listed below are a few of the common signs of distress you may find in your companions or yourself
when faced with too much stress:
* Difficulty making decisions.

* Angry outbursts.
* Forgetfulness.
* Low energy level.
* Constant worrying.
* Propensity for mistakes.
* Thoughts about death or suicide.
* Trouble getting along with others.
* Withdrawing from others.
* Hiding from responsibilities.
* Carelessness.
As you can see, stress can be constructive or destructive. It can encourage or discourage, move us along or
stop us dead in our tracks, and make life meaningful or seemingly meaningless. Stress can inspire you to
operate successfully and perform at your maximum efficiency in a survival situation. It can also cause you
to panic and forget all your training. Key to your survival is your ability to manage the inevitable stresses
you will encounter. The survivor is the person who works with his stresses, instead of letting his stresses
work on him.
Survival Stressors
Any event can lead to stress and as everyone has experienced, events don't always come one at a time.
Often, stressful events occur simultaneously. These events are not stress, but they produce it and are called
"stressors." Stressors are the obvious cause while stress is the response. Once the body recognizes the
presence of a stressor, it then begins to act to protect itself.
In response to a stressor, the body prepares either to "fight or flee." This preparation involves an internal
SOS sent throughout the body. As the body responds to this SOS, several actions take place. The body
releases stored fuels (sugar and fats) to provide quick energy; breathing rate increases to supply more
oxygen to the blood; muscle tension increases to prepare for action; blood clotting mechanisms are
activated to reduce bleeding from cuts; senses become more acute (hearing becomes more sensitive, eyes
become bigger, smell becomes sharper) so that you are more aware of your surroundings; and heart rate
and blood pressure rise to provide more blood to the muscles. This protective posture lets a person cope
with potential dangers; however, a person cannot maintain such a level of alertness indefinitely.
Stressors are not courteous; one stressor does not leave because another one arrives. Stressors add up. The
cumulative effect of minor stressors can be major distress if they all happen too close together. As the
body's resistance to stress wears down and the sources of stress continue (or increase), eventually a state
of exhaustion arrives. At this point, the ability to resist stress or use it in a positive way gives out and signs
of distress appear. Anticipating stressors and developing strategies to cope with them are two ingredients
in the effective management of stress. It is therefore essential that the person in a survival setting be aware
of the types of stressors he will encounter. Let's take a look at a few of these.
Injury, Illness or Death

Injury, illness and death are real possibilities a survivor has to face. Perhaps nothing is more stressful than
being alone in an unfamiliar environment where you could die from hostile action, an accident or from
eating something lethal. Illness and injury can also add to stress by limiting your ability to maneuver, get
food and drink, find shelter and defend yourself. Even if illness and injury don't lead to death, they add to
stress through the pain and discomfort they generate. It is only by controlling the stress associated with the
vulnerability to injury, illness and death that a person can have the courage to take the risks associated
with survival tasks.
Uncertainly and Lack of Control

Some people have trouble operating in settings where everything is not clear-cut. The only guarantee in a
survival situation is that nothing is guaranteed. It can be extremely stressful operating on limited
information in a setting where you have limited control of your surroundings. This uncertainty and lack of
control also add to the stress of being ill, injured or killed.
Environment
Even under the most ideal circumstances, nature is quite formidable. In survival, a person will have to
contend with the stressors of weather, terrain and the variety of creatures inhabiting an area. Heat, cold,
rain, wind, mountains, swamps, deserts, insects, dangerous reptiles and other animals are just a few of the
challenges awaiting the person working to survive. Depending on how an individual handles the stress of
his environment, his surroundings can be either a source of food and protection or can be a cause of
extreme discomfort leading to injury, illness or death.
Hunger and Thirst

Without food and water a person will weaken and eventually die. Thus, getting and preserving food and
water takes on increasing importance as the length of time in a survival setting increases. For a person
used to having easy access to food and water, foraging can be a big source of stress.
Fatigue
Forcing yourself to continue surviving is not easy as you grow more tired. It is possible to become so
fatigued that the act of just staying awake is stressful in itself.
Isolation
There are some advantages to facing adversity with others. In school and in training, we learn individual
skills, but we also learn to function as part of a team. Although we complain about higher headquarters,
we become used to the information and guidance it provides, especially during times of confusion. Being
in contact with others also provides a greater sense of security and a feeling someone is available to help if
problems occur. A significant stressor in survival situations is that often a person or team has to rely solely
on its own resources.
The survival stressors mentioned in this section are by no means the only ones you may face. Remember,
what is stressful to one person may not be stressful to another. Your experiences, training, personal
outlook on life, physical and mental conditioning, and level of self-confidence contribute to what you will
find stressful in a survival environment. The object is not to avoid stress, but rather to manage the
stressors of survival and make them work for you.
We now have a general knowledge of stress and the stressors common to survival; the next step is to
examine our reactions to the stressors we may face

Stress

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STRESS

Need for Stress

* Difficulty making decisions.

Injury, Illness or Death

Uncertainly and Lack of Control

Hunger and Thirst

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