PDF Crimpson Tecnologhy
PDF Crimpson Tecnologhy
PDF Crimpson Tecnologhy
We use pronouns and possessive adjectives to refer to people, places, and things that have already been
mentioned earlier in the sentence, or in a previous sentence.
We loVe the Internet. It makes our liVes so much simpler. It lets us chat with friends.
We can also use this, that, these, and those to refer to things we already mentioned. This and that often refer
to the entire previous sentence.
The best way to deal with malware is to install good anti-Virus and Internet security software. This can stop
Viruses coming into your computer using a firewall.
A Complete the sentences with correct subject and object pronouns or possessive adjectives.
1 My sister and I love playing computer games, so we were very happy when our parents bought us
a new Playstation 4.
2 My brother works for a technology company. His job is to design music apps.
3 I need that document as soon as possible. Can you send it to me today?
4 My sister wanted to buy a new laptop. I know about computers, so she asked me to help her choose the
best laptop.
5 What do you think about the new Google glasses? I am not sure I like them .
6 I installed new anti-virus software on my computer. Its main features are its excellent firewall and virus
quarantine vault.
B Read the text and decide what the underlined words refer to.
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Language 1 - Pronouns: Subject, Object,
and Possessive Adjectives
1 (line 3) He Byung-Chull Lee
2 (line 4) This Samsung
3 (line 7) It Samsungs
4 (line 9) its Samsung
5 (line 11) them Japanese Components
6 (line 18) These computers and other digital appliances
7 (line 22) them one line of cell phones that did not work
8 (line 25) its Samsung
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Language 2 - Defining Relative Clauses
We use relative clauses to explain or define what something is. The first part of the sentence is usually difficult to understand
or incomplete without the relative clause. The relative clause begins with relative pronoun. This relative pronoun normally
follows the thing that we are explaining, Notice that for relative pronouns who and which we can also use the alternative
relative pronoun that. We tend to use that in more informal situations or spoken English.
1 I have a new app which can identify songs that I hear on the radio.
2 Anonymous is a famous hacktivist organization whose members often wear a Guy Fawkes mask.
3 I often go to a local Internet café where I can play video games online.
4 Kim Dotcom is the man that started the MegaUpload website.
5 An Internet troll is someone that intentionally causes problems or send offensive messages.
B Transform these pairs of sentences into a single sentence with a relative clause.
1 This is a new app. You can use it to check where there is traffic congestion in your city.
This is an app which / that you can use to check where there is traffic congestion in your city.
5 Twitter is a social networking site. You can post messages of 140 characters there.
Twitter is a social networking site where you can post messages of 140 character.
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Language 4 - Non-defining Relative Clauses
Non-defining relative clauses are similar to defining relative clauses. However, the function of a non-defining
relative clause is to add extra information which is not essential. We can remove non-defining relative clauses
from the sentence without changing the main meaning of the sentence.
Look at the example:
Hackers, whose intentions are often malicious, are difficult to identify.
The relative clause does not define what hackers are and if we remove it from the sentence, the main meaning of
the sentence is the same.
Hackers are difficult to identify.
Notice that we use comma to separate these clauses from the main sentence. Also notice that we cannot use
the relative pronoun that in non-defining clauses.
1 eBay, which was started by Pierre Omidyar, is a website where you can buy and sell things.
2 PayPal, which is a subsidiary of eBay, is an online payment system.
3 Mark Zuckerberg, who was a student at Harvard University, started Facebook.
4 Bill Gates, whose company former Microsoft is one of the biggest tech firms in the world, does
a lot of work for charity.
5 Angelina Jolie, who played the character of Lara Croft in two movies, is a UN ambassador.
B Choose the correct non-defining clauses and insert them in the correct sentences.
1 HTML, whose name stands for Hyper TextMarkup Language , is the language used to create websites.
2 The Matrix, which stars Keanu Reeves and Carrie-Ann Moss , is a movie about living in a virtual
reality universe created by machines.
3 Instagram, which has a 100 million users worldwide , is an online photo sharing application.
4 Tim Berners Lee, who was born in England in 1955 , helped invent the Internet.
5 My brother, whose username is kingofGames22 , is the best online gamer I know.
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Vocabulary - Internet Security
I downloaded some free software last week, and I have had nothing but problems since I did this. I think the
software was a (1) Trojan which means that it contained a hidden (2) virus .
I didn’t check before I downloaded that it was a (3) trustworthy website. The problem is that I think
this virus is a (4) spyware virus, and as a result, somebody has access to my username and
(5) password for my online banking service. Luckily, I realized in time and no money was stolen.
I will be more careful in the future and will install new (6) anti-virus software. The problem with my
previous software was that the (7) firewall was not a good filter for viruses and didn’t detect
the Trojan.
4 Do you think your passwords are complicated or easy to guess? Do you use the same password for different
websites?
Is very very complicated
8 Have you ever had a virus on your computer? What type was it? How did you remove it?
Trojan with a deep scan on my computer
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Vocabulary - Internet Security
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Reading - Spotify
A Read the text and write the correct topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph.
(1) Spotyfy is a music streaming service available on the internet This service offers access to over 15 million
tracks and has over 24 million users. It is available in many different countries all over the world, and on almost all
computer platforms.
(2) Spotyfy has developed rapidly in the few years it has existed Spotify was developed in Stockholm, Sweden,
in 2008. Initially it was free but later subscription services became available. The free service was later restricted
to allow users only 20 hours of music per month and with a service that was interrupted by advertisements.
Customers paying subscriptions could have unlimited access without the advertisement interruptions. By 2011,
the company was valued at over $100 million.
(3) However, the Spotyfy service has received some criticism Many musicians claim that they do not receive
the correct royalties for their music and that the service makes a lot of money, but that it does not share this with
the musicians. Singer Thom Yorke from the UK band Radiohead is a famous opponent of Spotify and refuses to
allow his solo music on the service.
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Writing - Video Games
A Read the paragraphs and look at the underlined topic sentences. Write an alternative topic sentence
for each paragraph.
The video gaming industry is one of the biggest industries in the world right now. Estimates say that video games
generated more than $93 billion in 2013 and predictions say that in 2014 and 2015, sales will exceed $100 billion.
That means it makes more money than the music industry and the movie industry. Given that video games are so
popular, it is not surprising that there are divided opinions about whether video games are a good thing or not.
Critics of video games suggest that they are bad for the health both physically and psychologically. They explain
that serious video gamers spend too long in front of TV or computer screens and do not interact socially. In
addition, they point to the amount of violence in video games and suggest they can increase violent tendencies in
children. There is evidence to suggest that both theories are true, but the same criticism applies to television.
The video gaming industry is one of the biggest industries in the world right now.. Studies show that video games
can improve hand-eye coordination, and problem-solving skills. In addition, it is suggested that 70% or more of
video gamers play in a social atmosphere – that it to say, they play with friends or as part of online multi-player
games that require cooperation. There is even research that suggests that playing computer games can help fight
depression.
1 The video gaming industry is one of the biggest industries in the world right now.
2 Critics of video games suggest that they are bad for the health both physically and psychologically.
3 The video gaming industry is one of the biggest industries in the world right now.
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