06 - Legatia Pro Components Manual PDF

Legatia Pro-Series
Component
Speakers
Installation & Reference Manual
1240 Oak Industrial Lane (T) +1 770 888 8200

Cumming Georgia 30041 (F) +1 888 886 4605
United States hybrid-audio.com
Contents
01 Welcome & Introduction

Pages 4-5
02 Component Specific Information

Pages 6-35
Speaker Attributes, Specifications,
Parameters, and Mechanical Drawings
03 Advanced System Installation

Pages 36-47
04 Warranty
Pages 48-49
2 © Hybrid Audio Technologies • Cumming, GA • 770.888.8200 © Hybrid Audio Technologies • Cumming, GA • 770.888.8200 3
Welcome and Introduction
Congratulations by Scott Buwalda - Founder
on your Legatia We realize that Speaker development is our passion!
Pro Component
you have a choice
in loudspeakers, When installed and set-up properly,
and are thrilled
that you have the Legatia Pro Component Speakers
Speakers
chosen the you have purchased will make a
Legatia Pro series
component remarkable improvement in the
speakers. sound quality of virtually any mobile
purchase, and
For more
information about audio sound system and give years of
Hybrid Audio
Technologies, superior performance.
welcome to
our philosophies
regarding
high-end mobile With the publication of this manual, it
audio, to learn is our goal to assist the “do it yourself”
the world of
more about
our lifetime enthusiast and professional installer
guaranteed value
program, and alike in getting the highest level
Hybrid Audio
for information of performance out of Legatia Pro
about our other
products, please Component Speakers using straight-
visit us at: forward installation advice.
Technologies!
hybrid-audio.com
Thank you, and happy listening!
Legatia Pro Attributes weight winding with good power handling and low
inductance.
Pro midrange drivers include a proprietary
hybrid Japanese cotton fine fabric diaphragm
Speaker The Legatia Pro-series component speakers are
electrodynamic drivers that are comprised of a
How much amplitude a speaker can reproduce with extremely low moving mass. The fine
Design
depends on the volume of air it excites without fabric dome is widely acknowledged as the
dome diaphragm that is set in motion by a motor overheating. The volume of air that a speaker best-damping material in the dome geometry
system that has both electrical and mechanical excites is determined by the surface area of the
components. format, as it provides the near optimum balance
dome and the excursion capability of the motor
system. Xmax is defined as the width of the voice of strength and weight. The fabric dome
The following design tenets are typical of all Legatia
coil that extends beyond the front plate, and relates is critical to tame unwanted dome modes,
Pro-series midrange drivers: to how far the speaker can move in either direction resonances, and the classic “breakup” associated
without appreciable distortion. The Legatia Pro with most composite materials.
Motor
dome midrange designs boast exceptional one-way
The motor of the Legatia Pro midrange transducers linear excursion (Xmax). All Legatia Pro designs offer an outstanding
are paramount to the performance of the drivers, extended frequency response; the usable
providing for a flat and wide BL curve. The BL Dome
frequency range of the Legatia Pro midrange
curve is flat and extended in all models, yielding
exceptional two-way linear excursion, resulting The shape, weight and strength of the Legatia drivers is at least six full octaves with proper
in the Legatia Pro midrange drivers being able Pro midrange domes relate directly to the installation, aiming, set-up, and tuning. And
to accurately track the input signal. Reduced extended frequency response of the Legatia because of the employed dome technology
distortion and greater dynamics are the immediate Pro range of drivers. The Legatia Pro domes which boasts exceptional off-axis response,
sonic benefits. The motor of the L3 Pro includes a are convex-shaped hybrid fine fabric Japanese described above, all Legatia Pro drivers
high-grade NdFeB magnet assembly to improve
restorative force, compliance, motor strength, cotton diaphragms, described below. A offer exceptional off-axis bandwidth as well,
displacement, and power handling, but also to serve considerable effort was allocated to create a exceeding five octaves for all designs.
a small diameter form-factor. The voice coil fully convex diaphragm with exceptional modal
surrounds the magnet. Like the L3 Pro, the Legatia L1 Pro tweeter
damping to have a smooth band-to-band
utilizes a fine cloth dome for the ultimate in
Voice Coil frequency response, applicable in both on- and
music reproduction.
off-axis applications.
The voice coil diameter of the Legatia Pro range of
midrange drivers represents the optimal balance of You will find no composite or metal cone
diameter, power handling, and moving mass. The materials used in any Legatia Pro midrange
L3 Pro uses a 50.5mm (2-inch) voice coil. The voice driver. Our approach to point-sourcing is to
coil diameter serves several key functions: elevated
power handling, dissipation of heat (thereby allow the Legatia Pro midrange drivers to
lowering power compression), and maximizing the effectively play into treble frequencies; having
size of the magnet assembly for enhanced motor virtually all imaging cues emanating from
compliance. The voice coil used in all Legatia Pro one set of drivers in an installation ensures
designs are copper-coated high-purity aluminum stable stereo imaging across the fundamental
winding, which is superior to a solid copper winding
frequencies which define image placement
for heat dissipation, as well as significantly reduced
and definition. As noted above, the Legatia Continued on following page...
moving mass. The result is an extremely light
Legatia Pro Attributes (Cont’d). monopole is the fact that the flange/body of
the driver is solid machined aluminum, void of
Speaker Suspension interstitial spaces, which terminates resonances
Design
well. Hybrid Audio Technologies is likely the
All Legatia Pro midrange drivers include
only company to produce a super high-end
a reverse-roll fine treated cloth surround
dome midrange, paying attention to the critical
terminated in one piece to the diaphragm,
function of the housing in modal damping.
which is highly consistent, and does not suffer
the variance of natural rubbers. The surround In addition to the aluminum body of the
and diaphragm in concert terminate mechanical Pro-series drivers, all Pro-series drivers include
vibrations well, having a low stiffness for a cast polypropylene tuned and damped
positive damping of resonances. The surround chamber at the rear of the motor assembly; the
termination of the dome diaphragm, which chamber helps to reduce backwave distortion
acts as an air seal between the dome and the and significantly lower the Pro-series driver’s
tuned chamber, is the predominant mechanical resonance frequency to allow it to be used to
restoring force of the speaker. Another function play tones near its resonance frequency. A
of the surround-terminated diaphragm is machined aluminum knurled attachment nut
to absorb dome flexure waves as they are at the base of the Pro-series product provides
transferred up the diaphragm. You’ll also know optimized clamping strength to the mounting
a Legatia Pro midrange design by its integrated media, and important feature for terminating
acoustically-transparent grille. modal distortion at the mounting baffle.
Housing and Tuned Chamber
All Legatia Pro-series products boast a fully

machined aluminum body; the body is
machined aluminum, not cast aluminum. The
dense metal structure of the tweeter and
midrange housing helps to reduce resonances
within the body of the driver for effective
reproduction of extremely low music tones.
The dome topology better approximates a true
monopole than a similarly-sized cone midrange,
especially in the lower one third of its frequency
response. Notably, what also makes the L3 Pro a
very good approximation of a true
Legatia Pro Application of Thiele/ Enclosure Recommendations
Speaker Small Parameters

All Legatia Pro-series drivers include a
sealed-back tuned chamber, and therefore do
Design Acoustics pioneers Neville Thiele and Richard not require being mounted in an enclosure. In
a typical installation, Legatia Pro midrange and
Small developed a way to predict speaker
performance and frequency response. These tweeter products should be mounted in a solid
parameters are known collectively as “Thiele/ mounting baffle to abate resonance (details on
Small Parameters,” and are divided into physical baffle recommendations are presented in this
characteristics and response parameters: manual).
The Physical Characteristics of a speaker

are:
Re: The D.C. resistance of the voice coil

measured in Ohms.
Sd: The surface area of the speaker’s cone.
BL: The magnetic strength of the motor
structure.
Mms: The total moving mass of the speaker
including the small amount of air in front of and
behind the cone.
Cms: The stiffness of the driver’s suspension
Rms: The losses due to the suspension.
The Thiele/Small Response Paramters are:
Re: The D.C. resistance of the voice coil

measured in Ohms.
Sd: The surface area of the speaker.
Fs: The resonant frequency of the speaker.
Qes: The electrical “Q” of the speaker.
Qms: The mechanical “Q” of the speaker.
Qts: The total “Q” of the speaker.
Vas: The volume of air having the same
acoustic compliance as the speaker’s
suspension.
Legatia Pro L1 Pro Tweeter an extremely high power handling with proper
filtering. The Pro L1 dome design is much less
nickel-plated spring-loaded push terminals at
the rear of the tweeter’s motor assembly. The
Speaker Attributes
susceptible to mechanical deformation than other
designs, and yet yields a smooth response over the
spring-loaded terminals give the end-user flexibility
in direct connection with large-gauge tinned wiring,
Design The Legatia SE L1 Pro is a 58mm (2.3-inch) O.D.

“low resonance” wide-bandwidth tweeter driver.
extent of its range. without the need for crimp terminals.
Continuing on in the tradition of exceptional Motor Summary

tweeter design and manufacturing by Hybrid Audio The motor assembly is conventional dynamic, with a The Legatia SE L1 Pro tweeter is an excellent step-up
Technologies, the Legatia Pro L1 is an articulate, Φ24.5 × 3 H NdFeB neodymium magnet structure to in performance over the Legatia L1V2 tweeter
detailed, and tonally-correct tweeter in a slightly ensure a relatively small footprint size and shallow driver offered in the Stage V Legatia series, and is a
larger diaphragm than its sibling, the Legatia L1V2. depth. A perforated grille protects the dome. The bench-mark low-resonance soft-dome tweeter in
The Pro L1 is a light and transiently fast tweeter Pro L1 boasts a fully machined aluminum body; the Hybrid Audio’s complete product offering. Equally
in a 25mm body that doesn’t suffer from typical body is machined aluminum, not cast aluminum. at home in two-way configuration paired with a
“heaviness” in tonal quality, typically associated The dense metal structure of the tweeter housing midrange or midbass, or as the dedicated tweeter
with damped, large-diameter dome tweeters; the helps to reduce resonances within the body of the transducer in a three-way application, the Legatia
L1 Pro can be used for the reproduction of treble tweeter for effective reproduction of extremely L1 Pro is an exemplary performer.
frequencies in dedicated two-, three-, and four-way low music tones. Additionally, the Pro L1 has a
front stage systems. The Pro L1 has exceptional polypropylene tuned and damped chamber at the
polar response, and remains small enough to install rear of the motor assembly; the chamber helps
in typical locations within a vehicular environment. to reduce backwave distortion and significantly
lower the tweeter’s resonance frequency to allow
At the onset of the Special Edition and Pro-Series
it to be used to play tones in the vocal spectrum, if
Legatia program, we wanted to be sure that the
desired. A machined aluminum Φ47.5mm knurled
Pro-Series tweeter could be listened to for long
attachment nut at the base of the tweeter provides
listening sessions with no noticeable listener
optimized clamping strength to the mounting
fatigue, and the Pro L1 answers the call. The Pro L1
media.
does an immaculate job of recreating tones well into
the vocal midrange frequencies, should the user Mounting Flange and Dimensions
decide to employ an exceptionally low crossover
frequency. The Pro L1 sets the new benchmark for The 58mm wide mounting flange, only 3mm
car audio tweeters; it is the best soft-dome car audio larger than the Legatia L1V2 tweeter, provides a
tweeter available today, irrespective of price. The solid-aluminum mounting surface for the tweeter
L1 Pro is available in two finishes: brushed (natural) without the necessity of mounting cups or external
aluminum and anodized black. hardware. The overall dimensions of the driver are
very amenable for use in the car audio environment,
Dome boasting an exceptional depth of just 30mm (nearly
unheard of in a tuned-chamber tweeter).
The Pro L1 starts with an impregnated fine cloth
silk dome diaphragm for a linear, smooth frequency Terminals Cap and Spring-Loaded
response, with a treated silk surround to damp Terminals
edge modes and resonances. The Pro L1 is efficient, L3 Pro on following page...
exhibits low distortion, and has a wide dispersion; The L1 Pro includes an extruded polypropylene
the dome is of exceptionally low mass and has tuned chamber with integrated high-end
Legatia Pro L3 Pro Dome metal structure of the L3 Pro housing helps to
reduce resonances within the body of the driver
Motor
Speaker
The motor of the L3 Pro is paramount to the
Midrange
for effective reproduction of extremely low music
performance of the driver, providing for a flat
tones. One main mechanical reason the L3 Pro
Design
and wide BL curve (as a learning note, BL is the
approximates a true monopole is the fact that
History equivalent of torque in a car; a car with a flat and
the flange/body of the driver is solid machined
constant torque curve provides much better
aluminum, void of interstitial spaces, which
The Legatia L3 Pro’s topology is a departure from acceleration and performance than a car with a
terminates resonances well.
the typical cone-type midrange drivers in the peaky, non-constant torque curve). The BL curve
same size category as produced by Hybrid Audio The overall dimensions of the driver are very is flat and extended, yielding 4mm of two-way
Technologies. The L3 Pro was intended to be used amenable for use in the car audio environment, linear excursion, resulting in the L3 Pro being
in approximately the same fashion as the other and in locations typical of the standard “3-inch” able to accurately track the input signal. Reduced
cone-type 3-inch midrange devices in the Hybrid and “4-inch” drivers, or in custom locations at the distortion and greater dynamics are the immediate
Audio product line-up, to give the end-user more discretion of the end-user, boasting a depth of sonic benefits. The motor of the L3 Pro includes
choices for a high-end midrange solution to fit a just 44mm (1.7-inch) (the same depth as the Stage an NdFeB magnet to improve restorative force,
variety of potential system designs and mounting VI Legatia L3SE and only 1mm deeper than its compliance, motor strength, displacement, and
strategy. Naturally, the efficacy of the L3 Pro, as Legatia L3V2 counterpart). The body features an power handling. The magnet assembly fully
compared to its sibling cone midrange drivers, is its integrated tuned chamber, discussed below, to surrounds the voice coil.
sensitivity and ability to be used without a sealed allow for mounting of the L3 Pro in a simple baffle
baffle since the L3 Pro is a tuned rear-chamber without worry of separating front and back waves, Voice Coil
midrange. nor building an enclosure. The rear of the body The voice coil diameter of the L3 Pro is a large
propagates diaphragm back pressure into the tuned 50.5mm (2-inch), which is the proper balance
Attributes chamber to provide adequate communication to between size and moving mass in super high-end
the back of the dome for acoustic suspension and
The Legatia L3 Pro is a 99mm (3.9-inch) “small mobile audio midranges/full-range drivers. The
proper operation.
format” wide-bandwidth midrange/full-range driver voice coil diameter serves several key functions:
to compliment both two-way and three-way system elevated power handling, dissipation of heat
Housing and Tuned Chamber
designs, where a point-source midrange and/or (thereby lowering power compression), and
full-range driver is required. The L3 Pro is only 6mm In addition to the aluminum body of the Pro-series maximizing the size of the magnet assembly for
(0.2-inch) larger than the Stage V Legatia L3V2, drivers, the L3 Pro includes a cast polypropylene enhanced motor compliance. The voice coil is
and the Stage VI Legatia L3SE, for many potential tuned and damped chamber at the rear of the high-purity aluminum, which is superior to copper
drop-in replacement options. motor assembly; the damped chamber helps for heat dissipation, as well as significantly reduced
to reduce backwave distortion and significantly moving mass. The result is an extremely light
Body and Flange lower the Pro-series driver’s resonance frequency weight winding with good power handling and low
to allow it to be used to play tones near its inductance.
The body and flange of the L3 Pro is a similar design resonance frequency. The chamber for the L3 Pro
topology and geometry to the L1 Pro tweeter. is approximately 20 cm3 in internal volume. A
The body is an extremely high-quality machined machined aluminum knurled attachment nut at
aluminum design (machined from a solid block the base of the L3 Pro provides optimized clamping
of aircraft-grade 6061 aluminum), and contains a strength to the mounting media, and important
99mm flange providing for the surface-mounting feature for terminating modal distortion at the
of the driver via Hybrid Audio Technologies’ unique
knurled attachment nut technology. The dense
mounting baffle. Continued on following page...
Legatia Pro L3 Pro Dome Terminals
Speaker
The Legatia L3 Pro comes equipped with
Midrange heavy-duty nickel-plated spring-loaded push
Design
terminals for both positive and negative. The
Dome terminals optimize contact, and give the end
user flexibility in tinned wire or binding post
You will find no composite or metal cone terminations
materials used on the L3 Pro, as our approach
to point-sourcing is to allow the Legatia Pro Summary
midrange driver to effectively play into upper treble
The Legatia L3 Pro is the world’s finest
frequencies. The Legatia L3 Pro is a dome-type
multi-purpose super high-end dome midrange
driver consisting of a proprietary Japanese fine
speaker driver. Mechanical and electrical
cotton hybrid diaphragm with extremely low
parameters are amenable to a variety of different
moving mass. Cotton is widely acknowledged as
installations and speaker locations. This driver
the best-damping material for dome midrange
is intended to be used in a variety of installation
drivers, as it provides the near optimum balance of
protocols and arrangements. The size of the L3
strength and weight. The dome has been treated
Pro allows it to be mounted in typical “3-inch” and
with a water resistant element to accommodate
“4-inch” midrange locations within a vehicle, or in
door mounting, or other areas prone to occasional
custom locations at the discretion of the end-user,
contact with liquid. The dome design offers an
even in areas where there may not be adequate
exceptional dispersion pattern to make for flexible
airspace behind the driver.
installation and speaker location. The Legatia L3 Pro
has an outstanding extended frequency response; At home in virtually any arrangement, the L3
the usable frequency range of this driver exceeds Pro is Hybrid Audio Technologies’ Legatia Pro
seven complete octaves of usable bandwidth high-end small-format midrange offering, boasting
on-axis (250 Hz – 13,000+ Hz). Even off-axis, the L3 exceptional performance and a design philosophy
Pro faithfully recreates more than five full octaves that goes hand in hand with true high-fidelity
of information, for the ultimate “small-format” playback.
midrange/full-range driver.
Suspension
The surround is an extension of the fine Japanese
treated cotton fabric which is highly consistent,
and does not suffer the variance of natural rubbers.
This surround terminates mechanical vibrations
well, having a low stiffness for positive damping of
resonances.
Legatia Pro L2x Two-Way Passive means to add considerable filtering to fix speaker
response anomalies, aka poor speaker designs.
lowpass filters common in any two-way crossover
design. As noted above, there is no board-mounted
Speaker Crossover Our speaker design philosophy is to spend the

equalization specific to one brand or type of
midrange or tweeter, or common of competitor’s
Design
time and resources necessary to make the speakers designs where equalization correction (filtering) is
The Legatia L2x topology is an enhanced Stage exceptional in the design phase, and then use added. The L2x can be used with any number of
V version of the Stage IV Clarus C2x passive simpleton filtering to protect only for thermal drivers we produce.
crossover network. It’s no secret that Hybrid protection at resonance and provide the desired
Audio Technologies highly recommends the use frequency response filtering via crossovers. It is The L2x passive crossover networks incorporate
Although the Legatia of active crossovers that are set-up and adjusted our philosophy that the passive crossover should super high quality and low tolerance metalized
L2x is listed in the Stage by an industry specialist, such as a master tuner, or not contain any level of equalization; none of our polypropylene film capacitors, air-core inductors,
a highly-qualified car audio shop installer (please designs, in any series, use crossovers that contain and low tolerance non-inductive resistors. No
V Legatia series, it has read any number of White Papers on the subject of any form of equalization beyond simple tweeter output level switches were used in the passive
multiple complimentary passive crossovers available at: hybrid-audio.com/ attenuation. We believe in making the speaker crossover design because switches add a resistive
downloads). In some cases, however, using active great, not trying to fix a poor speaker with filtering effect and are typically of extremely low quality.
uses for Legatia Pro crossovers is not a viable option, so we designed and attenuation. There’s no crossover in the Additionally, “jumper pins” add an unnecessary
and manufactured the Legatia L2x to allow for world that can make a poorly-designed speaker pair of splices in the signal path to the tweeter, and
products as well, given the easy Legatia installations, especially when multiple sound good. This is why there’s a relatively simple, were not included in our design either. Rather, all
complimentary crossover amplifier channels and/or adequate active crossover high-quality crossover topology employed on tweeter level adjustments are done on the board
processing was not available in the car audio the Legatia L2x crossover, with no additional level with dedicated non-inductive resistors;
topology and use of installation. board-mounted equalization. And this is also why tweeter attenuation is accomplished by selecting
low-tolerance, asymmetri- The L2x can be used for two-way passively
we implore you to use our world-class speaker the appropriate output (-3 dB, 0 dB, or +3 dB) on the
systems in concert with the L2x. passive crossover circuit board. The components
cally-aligned componentry crossed-over systems, or used as the two-way selected are complimentary and ensure no
dividing network for midrange and treble drivers Attributes appreciable signal degradation between the input
and lack of board-mounted in a “quasi-active” three-way (six speaker) system, and output side of the crossovers. Likewise, the
where the midbass is actively crossed-over at The Legatia L2x is a bi-amplified two-way passive
equalization the amplifier. The L2x is based loosely off of the crossover for use with virtually any midrange, capacitors and inductors are arranged on the
board to reduce the coupling between circuits and
Clarus C2x crossover, with key enhancements, midbass and tweeter pairing Hybrid Audio
electromagnetic interference by basic physical
including the option for vertical bi-wiring, as well manufactures. The following are the L2x’s design
separation, while still keeping the footprint size
as an enhanced filter set using low-tolerance, super attributes:
of the circuit board small. Finally, the use of 12
high-quality parts. Filter Set dB/octave filters on both low pass and high pass
minimizes phase-related distortion typical of
Key Issues in Passive Crossover Design The L2x is a bi-wired two-way passive crossover that crossovers with mismatched orders, and ensures
has the following filters:
Before highlighting the L2x’s design attributes, there relative phase-coherency.
are certain key issues in passive crossover design Lowpass (midrange): 5,700 Hz at 12 dB/octave
that the end-user should be aware of. For years, Linkwitz Riley
vocal manufacturers have coerced the consumer
into believing that capacitors, coils, and resistors Highpass (treble): 5,200 Hz at 12 dB/octave Linkwitz
are not only desirable, but are a requirement. One Riley
notable “high-end” speaker manufacturer boasts L2x Cont’d on following page...
The only filtering on the board is mentioned above,
that they spend “months” working on crossover and in essence are elementary highpass and
designs to ‘enhance’ their speakers. To ‘enhance’
Legatia Pro L2x Two-Way Passive NOTE: the L2x is a bi-wired crossover, meaning the
crossover has two sets of inputs for use with two
field/stator wiring, and numerous other devices.
Readers note: be mindful of the location of throttle,
Speaker Crossover
two-channel amplifiers or a four-channel amplifier.
If you wish to not use two two-channel amplifiers
brake, and clutch pedals when you are selecting a
mounting location and where to route the speaker
Design Connection
or a four-channel amplifier, and use only one
two-channel amplifier instead, simply “bridge” the
wiring.
If the only option for crossover mounting is in

connections between + WF and + TW and IN – and
The L2x has convenient spring-loaded terminals for the door, it would typically be prudent to install
IN – with two short strands of insulated wire.
wire connection. Bare wire can be twisted tightly the passive crossovers immediately adjacent to
Although the Legatia and inserted into the spring-loaded terminal; Once all speakers are installed, you will need to the midbass location to keep speaker wiring and
L2x is listed in the Stage however Hybrid Audio recommends that the wire do a brief listening test with high-quality music connections short and allow access to the OEM
be tinned with solder to avoid oxidation, fraying, that you are intimately familiar with to determine wiring, if it is used, without having to extend it and
V Legatia series, it has and to promote a better connection. The following which tweeter attenuation you desire. Be sure creating an additional resistive splice in the wire.
is the connection nomenclature on the L2x, from
multiple complimentary left to right on the circuit board:
that all equalization, bass, and treble levels are If you must install the L2x in the door, DO NOT
defeated or set to “zero” on the source unit before MOUNT THE CROSSOVER INSIDE THE DOOR CAVITY!
uses for Legatia Pro +WF Woofer positive input from amplifier evaluating the intensity of the tweeters with respect Rather, install the networks on the same mounting
to your midrange/midbass level and your listening plane as the midbass, toward the passenger
products as well, given the IN - Woofer negative input from amplifier taste. Note also, after approximately 25 hours, the compartment, and behind the OEM door panel/skin,
complimentary crossover +WF Woofer positive output to Hybrid Audio
speakers will begin to “break in”, like any mechanical so as to not expose the delicate electronic parts
component, and intensities may need to be contained within to moisture inside the door cavity.
topology and use of Technologies midbass or midrange positive terminal re-adjusted again. In other words, the midbass Once an adequate spot for mounting the L2x is
low-tolerance, asymmetri- OUT - Woofer negative output to Hybrid Audio need to be broken in with typical play-time before found, securely mount the crossover networks using
Technologies midbass or midrange negative final tweeter attenuation is set. You may find that the supplied screws. Before any cutting, drilling, or
cally-aligned componentry terminal after break-in, the tweeter intensity will need to be insertion of screws, check the clearance of the panel
re-adjusted. from behind to verify that you won’t be damaging
and lack of board-mounted + TW Tweeter positive input from amplifier existing wiring, window or door lock motors,
equalization Mounting window tracks and the windows themselves, and
IN - Tweeter negative input from amplifier
etc.
Choose your L2x mounting location carefully. The
HI + Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio L2x contains parts that are susceptible to damage
Technologies tweeter positive terminal, +3 dB Summary
through repeated shock, moisture, and electromag-
setting netic interference. For example, it is advisable to The Legatia L2x is an exceptional-quality two-way
MID + Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio install the passive crossovers inside the passenger passive crossover device that can be used with any
Technologies tweeter positive terminal, 0 dB setting compartment versus the door, since the door is Hybrid Audio speaker system to accommodate
exposed to repeated opening and closing “shock” any number of different bespoke system designs.
LOW + Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio which may damage the delicate passive crossover At home in virtually any arrangement, the L2x is
Technologies tweeter positive terminal, -3 dB components, or cause soldered joints to break over Hybrid Audio Stage V high-end two-way passive
setting time. Likewise, moisture may be present in a door crossover, boasting exceptional performance and a
installation. Finally, if you are mounting the passive design philosophy that goes hand in hand with true
TW - Tweeter negative output to Hybrid Audio
crossovers in the kick panels or dashboard, be sure high-fidelity playback.
Technologies tweeter negative terminal
to keep the networks away from any noise-inducing
device within the vehicle, such as factory ECU’s,
auto transmission control ECU’s, BCM’s, alternator L3x on following page...
Legatia Pro L3x Three-Way Our speaker design philosophy is to spend the
time and resources necessary to make the speakers
crossover design. As noted above, there is no
board-mounted equalization specific to one brand
Speaker Passive Crossover

exceptional in the design phase, and then use
simpleton filtering to protect only for thermal
or type of midrange or tweeter, or common of
competitor’s designs where equalization correction
Design History
protection at resonance and provide the desired
frequency response. It is our philosophy that the
(filtering) is added. The L3x can be used with any
number of drivers we produce.
passive crossover should not contain any level of
The Legatia L3x topology is loosely based off of the The L3x passive crossover networks incorporate
equalization; none of our designs, in any series, use
Legatia L2x crossover topology. It’s no secret that asymmetrically arranged super high quality and low
Although the Legatia Hybrid Audio Technologies highly recommends the crossovers that contain any form of equalization
tolerance metalized polypropylene film capacitors,
beyond simple tweeter attenuation. We believe
L2x is listed in the Stage use of active crossovers that are set-up and adjusted
in making the speaker great, not trying to fix air-core inductors, and low tolerance non-inductive
by an industry specialist, such as a master tuner, or resistors. Even the massive lowpass and bandpass
V Legatia series, it has a highly-qualified car audio shop installer (please a poor speaker with filtering and attenuation.
capacitors are super high-quality polypropylene
There’s no crossover in the world that can make a
read any number of White Papers on the subject of
multiple complimentary passive crossovers on the www.hybrid-audio.com/ poorly-designed speaker sound good. This is why capacitors, nearly unheard of by today’s standards.
No output level switches were used in the passive
there’s a relatively simpleton, high-quality crossover
uses for Legatia Pro downloads.htm web page). In some cases, however,
topology employed on the Legatia L3x crossover, crossover design because switches add a resistive
using active crossovers is not a viable option, so effect and are typically of extremely low quality.
products as well, given the we designed and manufactured the Legatia L3x to with no additional board-mounted equalization.
Additionally, “jumper pins” add an unnecessary
And this is also why we implore you to use our
complimentary crossover allow for easy Legatia installations, especially when
world-class speaker systems in concert with the L3x. pair of splices in the signal path to the tweeter,
multiple amplifier channels and/or adequate active and were not included in our design either.
topology and use of crossover processing was not available in the car Attributes Rather, all tweeter level adjustments are done
audio installation.
low-tolerance, asymmetri- The Legatia L3x is a bi-amplified three-way passive
on the board level with dedicated non-inductive
resistors; tweeter attenuation is accomplished
The L3x can be used for virtually any Legatia
cally-aligned componentry three-way passively crossed-over systems, or used
crossover for use with virtually any midrange, by selecting the appropriate output (-3 dB, 0 dB,
midbass and tweeter pairing Hybrid Audio or +3 dB) on the passive crossover circuit board.
and lack of board-mounted in conjunction with other Hybrid Audio products to manufactures. The following are the L3x’s design Likewise, midrange attenuation is accomplished
create a truly “bespoke” three-way system.
equalization attributes: by selecting the appropriate output (0 dB or -3 dB).
Key Issues in Passive Crossover Design The components selected are complimentary and
Filter Set
ensure no appreciable signal degradation between
Before highlighting the L3x’s design attributes, there The L3x is a bi-wired three-way passive crossover the input and output side of the crossovers.
are certain key issues in passive crossover design that has the following filters: Likewise, the capacitors and inductors are arranged
that the end-user should be aware of. For years, on the board to reduce the coupling between
vocal manufacturers have coerced the consumer Lowpass (midbass): 300 Hz at 12 dB/octave Linkwitz circuits and electromagnetic interference by basic
into believing that capacitors, coils, and resistors Riley physical separation, while still keeping the footprint
are not only desirable, but are a requirement. One size of the circuit board small. Finally, the use of
Bandpass (midrange): 300 Hz to 6,000 Hz at 12 dB/
notable “high-end” speaker manufacturer boasts 12 dB/octave filters on both low pass and high
octave Linkwitz Riley
that they spend “months” working on crossover pass minimizes phase-related distortion typical of
designs to ‘enhance’ their speakers. To ‘enhance’ Highpass (treble): 6,000 Hz at 12 dB/octave Linkwitz crossovers with mismatched orders, and ensures
means to add considerable filtering to fix speaker Riley relative phase-coherency.
response anomalies, aka poor speaker designs.
The only filtering on the board is mentioned above,
and in essence are elementary highpass, bandpass,
and lowpass filters common in any three-way L3x Cont’d on following page...
Legatia Pro L3x Three-Way NOTE: the L3x is a bi-wired crossover, meaning the
crossover has two sets of inputs for use with two
auto transmission control ECU’s, BCM’s, alternator
field/stator wiring, and numerous other devices.
Speaker Passive Crossover

two-channel amplifiers or a four-channel amplifier.
If you wish to not use two two-channel amplifiers
Readers note: be mindful of the location of throttle,
brake, and clutch pedals when you are selecting a
Design Connection
or a four-channel amplifier, and use only one
two-channel amplifier instead, simply “bridge” the
mounting location and where to route the speaker
wiring.
connections between + WF and + M/T and IN – and
The L3x has convenient spring-loaded terminals for If the only option for crossover mounting is in
IN – with two short strands of insulated wire.
wire connection. Bare wire can be twisted tightly the door, it would typically be prudent to install
Although the Legatia and inserted into the spring-loaded terminal; Once all speakers are installed, you will need to the passive crossovers immediately adjacent to
L2x is listed in the Stage however Hybrid Audio recommends that the wire do a brief listening test with CD-quality music the midbass location to keep speaker wiring and
be tinned with solder to avoid oxidation, fraying, that you are intimately familiar with to determine connections short and allow access to the OEM
V Legatia series, it has and to promote a better connection. The following which midrange and/or tweeter attenuation you wiring, if it is used, without having to extend it and
is the connection nomenclature on the L3x, from
multiple complimentary left to right on the circuit board:
desire. Be sure that all equalization, bass, and treble creating an additional resistive splice in the wire.
levels are defeated or set to “zero” on the source If you must install the L3x in the door, DO NOT
uses for Legatia Pro +WF Woofer positive input from amplifier unit before evaluating the intensity of the tweeters MOUNT THE CROSSOVER INSIDE THE DOOR CAVITY!
with respect to your midrange/midbass level and Rather, install the networks on the same mounting
products as well, given the IN - Woofer negative input from amplifier
your listening taste. Note also, after approximately plane as the midbass, toward the passenger
+WF Woofer positive output to Hybrid Audio
complimentary crossover Technologies midbass or midrange positive 25 hours, the speakers will begin to “break in”, like compartment, and behind the OEM door panel/skin,
any mechanical component, and intensities may so as to not expose the delicate electronic parts
topology and use of terminal
need to be re-adjusted again. In other words, the contained within to moisture inside the door cavity.
OUT - Woofer negative output to Hybrid Audio
low-tolerance, asymmetri- Technologies midbass or midrange negative midbass and midrange need to be broken in with
Once an adequate spot for mounting the L3x is
typical play-time before final midrange and tweeter
terminal
cally-aligned componentry +M/TW Midrange and tweeter positive input from attenuation is set. You may find that after break-in, found, securely mount the crossover networks using
the supplied screws. Before any cutting, drilling, or
the midrange and/or tweeter intensity will need to
and lack of board-mounted amplifier
be re-adjusted. insertion of screws, check the clearance of the panel
IN - Midrange and tweeter negative input from from behind to verify that you won’t be damaging
equalization amplifier existing wiring, window or door lock motors,
Mounting
+M/H Midrange positive output to Hybrid Audio window tracks and the windows themselves, and
Technologies midrange positive terminal, 0 Choose your L3x mounting location carefully. The etc.
dB setting L3x contains parts that are susceptible to damage
+M/L Midrange positive output to Hybrid Audio through repeated shock, moisture, and electromag- Summary
Technologies midrange positive terminal, -3 netic interference. For example, it is advisable to
The Legatia L3x is an exceptional-quality three-way
dB setting install the passive crossovers inside the passenger
passive crossover device that can be used with any
+T/H Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio compartment versus the door, since the door is
Hybrid Audio speaker system to accommodate
Technologies tweeter positive terminal, +3 dB exposed to repeated opening and closing “shock”
any number of different bespoke system designs.
setting which may damage the delicate passive crossover
At home in virtually any arrangement, the L3x is
+T/M Tweeter positive output to Hybrid Audio components, or cause soldered joints to break over
Hybrid Audio Stage V high-end three-way passive
Technologies tweeter positive terminal, 0 dB setting time. Likewise, moisture may be present in a door
crossover, boasting exceptional performance and a
+T/L Tweeter positive output to Hybrid installation. Finally, if you are mounting the passive
design philosophy that goes hand in hand with true
Audio Technologies tweeter positive terminal, -3 crossovers in the kick panels or dashboard, be sure
high-fidelity playback.
dB setting to keep the networks away from any noise-inducing
TW - Tweeter negative output to Hybrid Audio device within the vehicle, such as factory ECU’s,
Technologies tweeter negative terminal
Legatia Pro
Component
Speakers
Specifications & Parameters
L1 Pro L3 Pro
Overall Diameter Φ58 mm Φ99 mm
Mounting Depth 30 mm 44 mm
Mounting Hole φ85 mm
Mounting Methodology Surface-mount tweeter with standard-pitch M47.5 X 8mm Surface-mount midrange with standard-pitch M99 X 4mm
thick knurled thread aluminum adapter to secure the thick knurled thread aluminum adapter to secure the mid-
tweeter body from the rear. range body from the rear.
Construction Solid machined aluminum with integrated polypropylene Solid machined aluminum with integrated polypropylene
rear cap and push terminals . rear cap and push terminals.
Distortion <5% max at rated power input, no crossover <5% max at rated power input, no crossover
Magnet Diameter and Construction Φ24.5 × 3 H NdFeB Φ49.5 X 5mm H NdFeB
Recommended Minimum Crossover Frequency 2,000 Hz at 24 dB/octave highpass 400 Hz at 24 dB/octave highpass
Pnom Rated Power Input (No Crossover) 20 watts (AES Standard) 30 watts (AES Standard)
Pmax Rated Power Input (No Crossover) 40 watts (AES Standard) 60 watts (AES Standard)
Pmax (With Recommended Minimum Crossover) 100 watts 80 watts
Resonance Frequency (Fs) 700 Hz 249 Hz
Frequency Range 700 Hz – 32,000 Hz, +/- 3 dB 249 Hz – 13,000 Hz, +/- 3 dB
Sensitivity 93.5 dB at 2.83V/1meter 94 dB at 2.83V/1meter
Impedance 4Ω 4Ω
DC Resistance 3.6Ω 3.0 Ω
Voice Coil Diameter 25.5 mm (1-inch) 50.5 mm (2-inch)
Qms 2.842 2.349
Qes 2.113 0.657
Qts 1.212 0.513
Krm 175.5 nΩ
Erm 1.325
Kxm 14.545 μH
Exm 1.004
Legatia L1 Pro Legatia L3 Pro
Mechanical Drawing Mechanical Drawing
Legatia L2x Legatia L3x
Mechanical Drawing Mechanical Drawing
Legatia L1 Pro Legatia L3 Pro
Frequency Response Graph Frequency Response Graph
Legatia L2x Frequency Filter Plot Legatia L3x Frequency Filter Plot
Advanced System Installation Lesson Two: Equalization of Pathlength Differences
Quite possibly the most important functional consideration that a do-it-yourself enthusiast or professional
Hybrid Audio Technologies has prepared a more advanced topical discussion of Legatia Pro
installer should give to the Legatia Pro speaker placement is to optimize, as best as possible, pathlength
installation techniques, concepts, and principals, where a little bit of additional installation work differences (PLD’s) in the vehicle. PLD’s are defined mathematically as follows (this example assumes a
can net immense gains in overall sound quality. right-hand drive vehicle---PLD’s are always a positive number):
There are certainly many things you can do to improve your mobile audio system, such as addition X–Y=Z
of amplification, a dedicated subwoofer system, higher-gauge speaker wire, and higher-end Where:
X = distance of the center of the left speaker from your left ear.
passive crossovers, and active crossovers. All of these things require an additional amount of
Y = distance of the center of the right speaker from your right ear.
monetary investment into your audio system, and may not net the immediate gains that other, Z = pathlength difference.
more elementary installation items can net. The following discussion is pertinent to easy and
cost-effective enhancements you can do for your audio system, particularly as it relates to the Applying this formula, assume that the distance of the left speaker from your left ear is 140cm, and the
installation of Legatia Pro component speakers. distance of the right speaker from your right ear is 100cm, the pathlength difference is 40cm.
Good stereo imaging is completely dependent on arrival times of the fundamental vocal frequencies.
In any mobile audio system, the weakest link will always be the speaker systems, followed closely
Differences as little as 10 microseconds can be detected by the brain. A PLD of 30 centimeters equates to
by installation techniques (sometimes its vice-versa). Since the Legatia Pro component speakers the sound from the nearest channel arriving about 0.9 milliseconds earlier than the furthest channel. It is
you have purchased has solved the first issue, the second issue, that being installation techniques, Hybrid Audio’s opinion that the end-user should try to keep PLD’s to less than 30 centimeters in a vehicle
can see a significant improvement as well by understanding and incorporating some or all of the which is intended to have good imaging and staging character from both seated positions.
techniques in the following sections. The best way to go about evaluating certain locations in your vehicle is, in general, to look for the potential
locations as far forward and away from you as possible, but still with a general “line of sight” to the speakers
Lessons Learned (particularly the speaker on the far side of the vehicle). An easy way to test various potential locations is
to hold a tape measure or other measurement device from the potential speaker mounting locations, and
We like to call this our “Lessons Learned” section, where we expose some critical lessons that we measure those locations with respect to your ears.
have learned through thousands upon thousands of hours of trial and error:
Reference the figure, below. In this scenario, three potential locations for the mounting of the Legatia Pro
Lesson One: Off-Axis Response midrange driver are shown:
When a speaker system like the Legatia Pro is placed in an automotive environment, we hear the
direct (shortest path) and reflected (longer path) sounds, such as resonances and reverberations.
The two sounds are processed by the brain as one sound, and this influences our perception of
height, width, and depth of soundstage, as well as rearward ambience. For this reason, the off-axis
radiation pattern of any speaker in a vehicular environment has a significant influence on how
natural the music sounds.
The lesson to learn here is that most mobile audio sound systems benefit greatly from having the
front stage speakers at least partially “off-axis.” Off-axis means that the speakers are not pointing at
you, but rather at some angle less than 90 degrees away from you.
Lesson Two: Equalization of Pathlength Differences (Continued) A sound wave approaching the eardrum from your chosen speaker location is shaped by
interactions with the size and shape of your head, torso, and outer ear, resulting in the HRTF.
In scenario “a”, we show the installation of the Legatia Pro midrange in the dashboard or high in a More specifically, the HRTF is the ratio between the sound pressures of the wave at the eardrum,
door panel. As you can see from the diagram, the PLD’s between the left and right speakers are as compared to the sound pressure that would exist at the center of the head if the head were
large, due to the proximity of the listener to the near-side speaker. While the mounting of primary removed. In general, the sound arriving at the ear further from the source is attenuated and
drivers in the dashboard or a-pillars has become increasingly popular, this configuration will delayed relative to the sound arriving at the ear closer to the source. This generates an interaural
undoubtedly require both time and intensity domain equalization in most vehicles to ensure a intensity difference (IID) and an interaural time delay (ITD). As a sound approaches the head, the
good, focused center image, properly located in the center of the vehicle for one seated position. ratio of distances from the speaker location to the near and far ears increases, and the effects of
There are, however, some rare exceptions, and you may actually find that the dashboard locations head-shadowing are amplified, causing the IID to increase. The spectral shaping caused by the
provide the best equalized PLD of the available mounting locations; this is very rare though – in head and the shape of the outer ear may also change. The ITD, which results from the absolute
our experience, less than one percent of vehicles on the market today have optimized dashboard difference in path length from the source to the ears, remains approximately constant as distance
speaker locations for the midbass drivers. decreases. From this we learn:
In scenario “b”, a typical door installation location is shown, and in many vehicles represents a • ITD is the dominant factor for frequencies below about 500 Hz;
good improvement in PLD’s from the dashboard, high in the door panel, and a-pillar location • A combination of ITD and IID are dominant for frequencies between approximately 500 Hz and
identified in scenario “a.” The door speaker installation scenario is the one detailed in the basic 2,000 Hz; and
installation section at the beginning of this manual, and in most vehicles represents a satisfactory • IID, in concert with HRTF, are dominant above about 2,000 Hz.
location to mount speakers; not ideal but satisfactory. The door speaker installation scenario will
likely also require some amount of time and intensity equalization to ensure a centered image in These are generalizations, and are subject to the size and shape of one’s head and torso, and size
most vehicles; this can be as simple as adjusting the balance control on your source unit, to more and shape of the outer ear (the folds and ridges of the ear), but in general, the above is a good
advanced ways of digital time and intensity manipulation. guideline for establishing ITD, IID and HRTF thresholds for the human auditory system.
The third and final potential mounting location as shown in this diagram (scenario “c”) represents Because the Legatia Pro midrange’s ability to play into the sub-400 Hz range, an effect clearly
a kick panel installation, where the midbass are placed far forward in the A-frame cavity of the dominated by ITD, up to and including frequencies exceeding 6,000 Hz, an effect clearly
kick panels, present in most vehicles. The kick panels are the small panel next to the throttle and dominated by IID and HRTF, placement of this driver is extremely important. The driver should be
brake pedals, down by your feet. While it is not immediately obvious looking at a two-dimensional placed as far forward as possible in the vehicle to optimize ITD. Lateral (forward to back) placement
drawing, in many cases the kick panel location affords the best equalization of pathlength is much more important than horizontal placement (up and down). This is because of the brain’s
differences for most vehicles. And the reason why this is a good choice for most vehicles is defined ability to process sounds such as spectral envelope cues, and use a phenomenon known as the
in the second full paragraph of Lesson Three, below. “precedence effect”; the brain can be easily “fooled” into thinking a sound stage is high with kick
panel or floor-mounted speakers (a word to the wise: the best place to put a set of speakers is not
The lesson to be learned here is that by taking a few moments to evaluate the potential mounting always “up high”, as most vehicles do not offer an amicable location in the dashboard or a-pillars for
locations in your vehicle, in a very short period of time, you will be able to find the best location for good image placement for both seated passengers, especially in the critical frequencies sub-500
your Legatia Pro midrange by determining the location with the smallest PLD. Hz). In addition to the time equalized placement of the drivers, the end-user must also consider
that above approximately 2,000 Hz, intensity plays a key role in good sound staging and imaging.
Lesson Three: The Effect of HRTF, ITD, and IID Therefore, the Legatia Pro midrange’s should be placed in an area where intensity differences can
Head-related transfer function (HRTF), interaural intensity differences (IID), and interaural time be equalized, either mechanically or electronically, to ensure good imaging and sound staging.
delay (ITD) all play a key role in the optimum placement location for the Legatia Pro component
The lesson to be learned is that, like Lesson Two, the Legatia Pro midrange should be placed as far
speakers.
forward from your listening position as possible, and every effort should be made to optimize time
. and intensity domain characteristics of the installation.
Lesson Four: Point-Sourcing The Legatia Pro drivers are high-performance midrange, and the plastic mounting baffles that
come from the factory in virtually every vehicle will lead to buzzes, rattles, vibrations, and
The term “point-sourcing” is often used to describe the technique of having a single pair of resonances, all of which negatively affect the Legatia Pro installation. In other vehicles, you may
speakers in an installation cover the majority of the critical middle band frequencies. In many have attached the Legatia Pro midrange’s directly to the door metal (hopefully with a layer or two
installation scenarios, the Legatia Pro midrange could be considered a point-source speaker driver, of self-adhesive sound damping in between), but this is still not entirely ideal. In whatever scenario
because it has the ability to reproduce up to six octaves of tones. Point-sourcing, if done correctly, you have installed your Legatia Pro midrange, there are certain “tricks” and techniques that may
can lend itself to a variety of valuable attributes, including precise image definition and stable be applied to get the most out of your Legatia Pro component set, specifically the midrange
sound staging character. By applying Lessons 1-3 above, the Legatia Pro midrange can be used as a installation, as follows:
point-source driver to achieve excellent staging and imaging results.
The lesson to be learned here is that the Legatia Pro midrange, given its wide-bandwidth design, Mounting the baffle, sound damping, and “decoupling”
can faithfully reproduce as much as six octaves of tones, and would make a valuable addition to The mounting baffle or mounting location should either be secured extremely well to the vehicle’s
any sound system as a point-source driver for the spectrum comprising vocal imaging cues. body, or completely isolated from the vehicle’s chassis. The reasoning is that the speaker baffle
panel will vibrate and will radiate sound. Even small vibrations can result in the baffle itself
Lesson Five: Reference radiating more sound than the actual speaker at certain frequencies. The mounting baffle or
One of the most important things to do before completing your Legatia Pro installation is to get a mounting location should be damped with a layer of typical sound damping to reduce the Q of
reference for your future listening tests. To really know what a snare drum sounds like, you must go the baffle and lower its vibration resonance frequency below the range of the driver’s frequency
and listen to one, in person, live and un-amplified. There is no substitute for the visceral impact and response. In many cases, using thicker baffle panel in concert with self-adhesive sound damping
emotion of live music. Nothing else in life can touch your soul the way music does. Whether it’s a can also be advantageous, provided the rearward wave of the speaker has no obstructions created
200-member orchestra, or a four-piece fusion band, nothing compares to the phenomenon of live by the baffle itself. Finally, if possible, the speaker should be mechanically decoupled from the
music. baffle. This can be something as simple as a layer of self-adhesive foam tape, to more exotic
examples of decoupling, including rubberized rings or multiple-layer septum shielding.
Take this as Hybrid Audio’s official request: become a student of music and your mobile audio
sound system will be better for it. We want nothing more than to know there are great sounding Building solid mounting baffles
audio systems around the world using our products, and you’d make us all very proud if you
became a student of music and learned its beauty and passion. In many cases, it is advisable to mount your Legatia Pro midrange’s in high-stiffness wood or
high-density fiberglass (or wood treated with fiberglass resin). Hybrid Audio Technologies
Advanced Installation of the Legatia Pro Component recommends the use of a solid hardwood, such as birch or oak, namely because these woods are
stiff and help to dissipate resonance, and screws can be inserted and removed multiple times
Speakers without stripping. Avoid Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), particularly in wet environments
Mounting Baffle Considerations like the door, as the MDF will act like a sponge with humidity and moisture, and not only that, the
MDF is a dense, but not stiff type of wood, and the results may not be particularly noticeable if
Now that we have revealed five of our most important “Lessons Learned”, we can now apply these you use MDF. Once your baffle is built, it must be covered in one or two layers of a good-quality,
lessons to the Legatia Pro installation. The first important matter is the physical installation of your brand name self-adhesive damping product; a solid wood mounting baffle with sound damping
Legatia Pro midrange, and more specifically with respect to improving the Legatia Pro midrange’s treatment will augment the Legatia Pro installation by eliminating resonances.
mounting baffles. Most vehicles’ factory mounting locations for speakers are less than ideal. In
most cases, the OEM speaker mounting flanges are likely nothing more than flimsy extruded
plastic, and provide no sonic benefit to your Legatia Pro installation.
Advanced Installation of the Legatia Pro Component Given the large uncertainty of low-order crossover systems, Hybrid Audio recommends the use
of higher-order electronic crossovers so that fine tuning can be done electronically. The active
Speakers (Continued) network benefits from easy correction of different speaker sensitivities and equalizing not only
the individual drivers but the combined response as well. Not having to account for the speaker’s
Mounting baffle dimensions impedance verses frequency, as well as the passive device impedance and phase shift makes the
active filter superior to most passive crossover networks, due to the fact that each and every aspect
While building baffles is important, it is notable that mounting baffle size is equally important. can be tailored to better suit the individual installation’s requirements. However, we understand
All mounting baffles should be kept as small as possible with respect to the size of the speaker. that in some cases that passive filters are required, and thus the reason why we have manufactured
The purpose of using a small baffle is to avoid the potential for low amplitude diffracted sound the Legatia L2x two-way and Legatia L3x three-way passive crossover systems. In our humble
waves becoming summed with the incidental waves. A narrower baffle also becomes increasingly opinion, however, the ideal crossover system for most users, is an active one that takes into
important as frequencies range into the Legatia Pro midrange’s upper bandwidth, where the account the Legatia Pro driver location and its characteristics, in concert with the polar radiation
power response is more uniform and incident and reflected waves are indistinguishable. In patterns of other speakers involved, all the while balancing linear and non-linear distortion
practical terms, keep baffle dimensions small with respect to the size of the Legatia Pro midrange, (non-linear harmonic distortion increases with sound pressure level or cone displacement, and
chamfer or round sharp edges, flush-mount the speaker whenever possible, and use shallow, thus, crossover frequency is critical and can be vehicle and user dependent).
surface-mounted hardware (or ideally use the supplied knurled attachment nuts). Also, remove all
unnecessary protrusions from the baffle surface. As mentioned previously in “Lesson Three”, imaging cues of near-field (within 3m) sources
come from effectively two auditory methods: ITD and IID. ITD is the time it takes for sound to
Crossovers reach the far ear after reaching the near ear. Typical adult male heads have an ITD maximum
of approximately 400 microseconds. IID is the measure of intensity difference of the far ear as
One of the most fundamental and important considerations in the final tweaking of a car audio
compared to the near ear. ITD is typically used by the brain to localize low frequency sources
system is the set-up of the speaker’s crossovers. The Legatia Pro drivers use fine cloth diaphragms
below 500 Hz. IID is typically used by the brain to localize high frequency sources, above 2,000 Hz.
that exhibits little if any cone breakup in its upper frequency bandwidth. However, it is still
HRTF is also used in conjunction with IID. Above approximately 4,000 Hz, the higher frequencies
important to utilize crossovers, especially active crossover networks to suit the speaker system
are attenuated by the head for the far side ear. A sound to your left will have a different spectral
to the car’s acoustic signature. It has been Hybrid Audio’s philosophy to tune the speaker system
content for the left ear as compared to the right ear. The HRTF is unique for each individual (based
to the vehicle’s acoustic signature using just active crossovers, and only a very minor amount of
upon shape and size of the head and torso) but typically occurs at around 4,000-5,000 Hz. HRTF
equalization. Our very best world championship vehicles have always had one thing in common:
will affect the IID at even higher frequencies, more so than simple average SPL. Above 6,000 Hz
creative use of active crossover filters and very minimal equalization. Use your crossovers to tune
or so, the HRTF portion of IID becomes the dominant factor. The spoken word (human voice)
your car, and the equalizer to suit the vehicle’s speaker response to your own tastes.
comprises a fundamental frequency range of approximately 150 Hz to 6,000 Hz.
The first thing to remember is that every speaker exhibits some sort of a natural roll-off. This
Taking the above into account, your desired crossover frequency for the Legatia Pro midrange
rolloff typically amounts to about 12 dB/octave, and needs to be taken into account, especially
should be one that allows the midrange to play as much of the audible spectrum of the spoken
when designing passive crossover systems (this roll-off has been accounted for in the Legatia
voice to ensure point-source delivery of the tones and pinpoint image definition. In many cases,
L2x and L3x designs). Simply adding a capacitor and inductor in series (6 dB/octave bandpass
this would be around 320-400 Hz for high pass, and around 6,000 Hz, or higher, for low pass. In all
filter) to a Legatia Pro midrange driver does not necessarily mean that you’ll see a phase coherent
cases, the chosen crossover frequencies should be evaluated for sonic character, while balancing
6 dB/octave bandpass filter at its crosspoints. In fact, summing the effect of the driver’s natural
distortion and power compression at high amplitude levels.
bandpass roll-off, you might actually be approaching a theoretical 18 dB/octave bandpass filter
at certain frequencies. Not only this, but the speaker could potentially begin to exhibit significant
intermodulation distortion as the cone becomes non-linear trying to reproduce the lowest octave
of tones, not to mention irregular polar radiation patterns between the Legatia Pro midrange and
the accompanying Legatia Pro tweeter.
Advanced Installation of the Legatia Pro Component Scenario 3
Speakers (Continued) The final scenario is time alignment between pairs of drivers. When employing multiple drivers
in order to achieve a unified listening experience within a vehicle, it’s usually a requirement to
install the drivers at physically separated locations; for example, your midbass may be located in
Time Correction the doors, and the midrange and tweeter may be located in the dashboard or a-pillar. In order
It is our humble opinion that time correction should only be used in three different circumstances: to compensate for this, you might choose to selectively delay certain speakers in the installation
so that all of the tones reach your ears at the same time (note that as previously alluded to, time
1) When the installer recognizes that a vehicle cannot image properly from both seated
alignment of your tweeters would be rendered virtually useless).
positions and it seems more plausible to make the vehicle stage and image well from
only one seated position. Amplitude Equalization
2) To counter the effects of group delay. An excellent use of today’s dual-mono equalizers and advanced digital signal processing is
3) Time alignment between pairs of drivers. the ability to equalize amplitude anomalies between speakers and sets of speakers installed
in a vehicle. In a vehicular installation, the frequency response of drivers can sometimes be
Scenario 1 manipulated for the betterment of the system using independent left and right amplitude
adjustment. Virtually any good car audio system can be made better with judicious use of a minor
The first scenario is rather elementary. If a vehicle is too small to achieve equalized PLD’s, it doesn’t
amount of equalization. And while equalization will not cure phasing anomalies in a car, usually
lend itself well to equalized PLD’s, or the vehicle’s owner doesn’t wish to embark on physical
the product of vehicular mechanics, they can certainly be helpful in fine-tuning the system to your
reconstruction of the car to achieve optimized PLD’s, it is a good use of time correction to make
own personal taste or in the quest for playback accuracy to the original musical composition.
the vehicle image well from the single seated position. It should be noted that it is Hybrid Audio’s
opinion that it is always better to improve the car mechanically and attempt to fix mechanical One important consideration of amplitude equalization (also known in some circles as “amplitude
problems with mechanical solutions, than it is use to electronics to fix mechanical problems. alignment”) is the ability to tune those frequencies above about 500 Hz that are not completely
However, we realize that there is the occasion when there is little desire to try to mechanically affected by time correction. The very best vehicles have some sort of amplitude equalization
optimize one’s listening space, and electronic manipulation is desired. It is important to recognize between the left and right speakers to account for IID and HRTF. After your Legatia Pro system is
that, given the fundamentals of ITD and IID discussed previously, time alignment is rendered installed, you may wish to attempt some minor amplitude equalization between the left and right
virtually useless for frequencies above approximately 2,000 Hz. channels to achieve a more stable image that is not frequency dependent, or perhaps to improve
image placement or stage coherency.
Scenario 2
In the second scenario, the use of time correction is much more cognitive, and shows great
promise for countering the effects of group delay. Group delay is impulse response over time.
Group delay increases significantly at low frequencies, and is considerable in larger midbass and
subwoofers. An excellent use of time correction would be to delay the smaller Legatia midranges
and tweeters with respect to the larger midbass and subwoofers, so that the low frequency delay
of these drivers is synchronized in the time domain with the output of the midrange and treble
frequencies.
Advanced Installation of the Legatia Pro Component may become an issue, a dashboard “mat” or other soft furnishing may be a noticeable
improvement. It will require trial and error to get it right, but the learning is in the experimentation!
Speakers (Continued)
Advanced Installation Conclusions
Acoustic Treatment Sadly, there are no rules in mobile audio, only several hypothesis and theorems that seem to work
A considerable benefit can be made to any mobile audio system with the select placement of for most vehicles. Your vehicle may be different, and defy everything we know, and everything
acoustic treatments. The purpose of using acoustic treatments is to reduce the amount of reflected written in this manual. You may find that getting that rich, detailed sound that you crave may
energy in the hostile automotive environment, and hear more of the direct sound being emanated require some experimentation and a lot of work to make it right. Or you might be fortunate to have
from the speaker. It is akin to the signal to noise (S/N) ratio in a piece of electronics, where the a vehicle that sounds excellent with minimal work. Have patience and work through the issues;
signal could be considered the direct energy coming from the speaker, and the noise could be the result will be a rewarding musical experience in your vehicle! Just remember, it is critical to get
considered the reflected waves off of nearby surfaces, such as windows, hard center consoles and a reference, as detailed in Lesson 5. Go out and become a student of music and audio, learn, and
door panels, windscreens, and etc. A word of warning though: there is a fine line between too little improve your audio system one step at a time. The journey is exciting and rewarding!
and too much acoustic treatment; just as some vehicles can benefit from some selectively applied What we have included above is only a very brief primer to the world of high-end mobile audio
treatments, there is a point where the vehicle can begin to approach “semi-anechoic” conditions, systems. We invite you to read more by going to our website.
and lose its liveliness, which is not ideal. Reflections are all around us, and are a part of our
day-to-day lives. It is our opinion that some lateral reflection is a good thing; it helps to establish
stage boundaries, and gives the recoded playback and more visceral and “believable” sound.
The first principle to understand is that below 200 Hz, acoustic treatments are rendered virtually
useless. It is Hybrid Audio’s assertion that only those frequencies above 200 Hz benefit from the
use of treatments, given that a 200 Hz waveform is about 1.7 m long; 1.7 meters is less than or
equal to most vehicle widths. This is also the frequency where we believe pure tones in the vehicle
are going to be difficult, if not impossible to localize. Finally, most vehicles exhibit a Schroeder
Frequency (Fs) between 50 at 125 Hz; the Fs (or cabin-gain frequency) is vehicle dependent, and
is the frequency at which resonances become so tightly packed in frequency and space that the
acoustical properties of the vehicle behave quite uniformly. (As an aside, one significant benefit
of car audio sound systems is that frequencies below the lowest room resonance increase at a
theoretical 12 dB/octave…it’s no wonder car audio systems have such great bass!)
Acoustic treatment can be very effective above 200 Hz, depending mostly on the polar radiation
pattern of the speaker. In the case of the Legatia midbass, the polar radiation pattern is quite large
at lower frequencies, with a narrowing of the radiation pattern (“beaming”) at frequencies into the
treble bandwidth.
Should the Legatia midbass and/or midrange be placed in the kick panel locations, one may find
that a notable improvement can be made by adding acoustical treatments, such as open-cell foam,
into the underside of the dashboard. Likewise, should the midbass, midrange, and/or tweeter be
placed up high on a-pillars, or in the dashboard, where comb filtering (reflective summation and
cancellation off of a hard surface, such as a windscreen)
Legatia Pro Hybrid Audio Technologies extends a limited
one year warranty to the original purchaser
period of the product on which the parts are
being used, whichever is longer.
Thank You!
Component when self-installed, and three years warranty
This warranty does not cover any defects or
Speakers
when installed by a certified Hybrid Audio
costs caused by: (1) modification, alteration, Hybrid Audio Technologies is
Technologies dealer (United States only),
repair or service of this product by any
Warranty and hereby certifies that this product
will be free from defects in materials and
persons or company other than Hybrid
delighted that you have chosen a
Legatia Pro Component Speakers
Audio Technologies; (2) physical abuse to,
workmanship under normal and proper use for your high-end mobile audio
overload of, or misuse of, the product or
for one year from the date of purchase.
operation thereof in a manner inconsistent sound system. We are convinced
Hybrid Audio Technologies’ responsibility with the use indicated in the instructions; (3) that a great product offering,
under this warranty is limited to replacing any use of the product other than that for backed up with unsurpassed
or repairing, at Hybrid Audio Technologies’ which it was intended; or (4) shipment of the
customer service and technical
option, products or parts determined by product to Hybrid Audio Technologies for
Hybrid Audio Technologies to be defective service. This warranty does not cover labor support will advance the Hybrid
either in materials, or workmanship. To costs. Audio Technologies namesake in
attain warranty service, the customer the coming years. We are pleased
Hybrid Audio Technologies is not liable
must deliver the product or the defective
for any special incidental or consequential that you have joined us in our
part(s), appropriately packed with proof “new generation of in-car audio.”
damages, including, but not limited to,
of purchase date, to an authorized Hybrid
personal injury, property damage, damage
Audio Technologies dealer. In the event that
to or loss of equipment, loss of profits
a direct return from a consumer is required,
the consumer must obtain from Hybrid
or revenue, costs of renting or buying If there is anything we can do
replacements and/or any other additional to help you get the most out
Audio Technologies a return authorization
expenses, even if Hybrid Audio Technologies
number, and ship the defective product of your Legatia Pro installation,
has been informed of the prospect of
directly to Hybrid Audio Technologies.
such damages. Any express warranty not please do not hesitate to email
All shipping expenses are the customer’s us: support@hybrid-audio.com,
provided herein, and any remedy which
responsibility. If the product has been
other than the warranty contained herein by phone: 770.888.8200, or by
updated or superseded, a replacement
will be made with a current model of the
might arise by inference or operation of law, visiting us at: hybrid-audio.com
is hereby excluded and disclaimed including
same quality and function. Warranty of
the implied warranties of merchantability
the replacement parts is limited to 90 days
and of the fitness for a particular purpose.
or the unexpired portion of the warranty
.
1240 Oak Industrial Lane (T) +1 770 888 8200
Cumming Georgia 30041 (F) +1 888 886 4605
United States hybrid-audio.com

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What are the main components of the Legatia Pro component speakers?

What are the main components of the Legatia Pro component speakers?

What are some of the design principles of the Legatia Pro midrange drivers?

What are some of the design principles of the Legatia Pro midrange drivers?

Legatia Pro-Series

1240 Oak Industrial Lane (T) +1 770 888 8200

01 Welcome & Introduction

02 Component Specific Information

03 Advanced System Installation

on your Legatia We realize that Speaker development is our passion!

Thank you, and happy listening!

Housing and Tuned Chamber

All Legatia Pro-series products boast a fully

Speaker Small Parameters

The Physical Characteristics of a speaker

Re: The D.C. resistance of the voice coil

The Thiele/Small Response Paramters are:

Re: The D.C. resistance of the voice coil

Design The Legatia SE L1 Pro is a 58mm (2.3-inch) O.D.

Continuing on in the tradition of exceptional Motor Summary

Speaker Crossover Our speaker design philosophy is to spend the

If the only option for crossover mounting is in

Speaker Passive Crossover

Speaker Passive Crossover

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