ANALYSIS OF TRADE,

COMMERCE AND WHOLESALE

CHAPTER- DELHI MASTER
PLAN
(1962, 2001, 2021)

SUBMITTED BY:
ANJALI DUBEY
01308142019
 DELHI MASTER PLAN ANALYSIS ON
TRADE, COMMERCE AND WHOLESALE

COMMERCE WHOLESALE
TRADE

The possession of goods or Commerce involves all the Wholesaling or distributing is

services is given from one activities that aid in promoting the sale of goods or
person to another in payment of the exchange of goods and merchandise to retailers; to
cash or cash equivalents. Trade services from the manufacturer industrial, commercial,
can be performed between 2 to the last customers. Primarily, institutional or other
parties or more than 2 parties. the activities are banking, professional business users; or
When the purchasing and selling transportation, advertising, to other wholesalers and
take place between 2 people, it is warehousing, insurance, etc., that related subordinated services.
known as bilateral trade. act as an aid in the successful In general, it is the sale of
Whereas when it is done achievement of the exchange. goods to anyone other than a
between more than 2 persons, standard consumer.
then it is known as multilateral
trade.
 ANALYSIS OF DELHI MASTER PLAN w.r.t. TRADE, COMMERCE AND WHOLESALE
• Delhi's Master Plan provides for planned commercial use at various levels of demand hierarchy, including pioneering provisions for
informal and low turnover trade and regulated commercial use in residential areas. The latter have not been implemented, resulting
in rampant commercialisation of roadsides and homes and consequent under-use of planned commercial space. Current policy
initiatives seek, on one hand, to regularise unplanned commercial use on the absurd plea that all of it is need-based and with no
regard to problems and, on the other, to liberalise use of planned commercial space by unintended, up-market users.
• In general Delhi's Master Plan envisages facilities for different scales of population –
• Daily need shops in convenient shopping centres catering to residential population of about 5000,
• somewhat larger scale/range of shops/offices in local shopping centres catering to 15000 and so on.
• This is to protect residential amenity by keeping non-local traffic-attracting and infrastructure-stressing uses to a minimum, while
ensuring optimal workplace-residence relation, etc. Since 1990 the Plan also has mixed land use regulations for planned integration
of shops and offices in homes for affordability and convenience advantages to residents, subject to restrictions on extent and
nature to ensure there is no nuisance to the area. Shops more suited to higher hierarchies of commercial spaces are prohibited in
residential premises and norms for number and type of shops in commercial centres at various hierarchy levels are specified.
• Of special note are Delhi Master Plan's pioneering provisions for informal and low turnover shops, perhaps the only
comprehensive statutory provisions guaranteeing spatial entitlements for small traders. Besides from an equity perspective, these are
significant for addressing the performance-nuisance conflict inherent to small trade, which provides livelihood opportunities to
entrepreneurs and affordable and convenient access to goods and services to customers, but can also pose nuisance by way of
visual squalor, traffic congestion, etc, if not planned for. The Plan makes provisions for planned commercial space, in line with
natural propensities, for 3 - 400,000 hawkers and a similar number of low-turnover shops. In fact the norms for shopping provision
were revised upwards in 1990 largely to account for this segment.
 • Despite pioneering statutory provisions for informal sector and regulated mixed landuse in Delhi, hawkers
continue to hawk in problematic ways and small shops in homes continue to turn roads into congested bazaars.
Current policy initiatives seek to regularise all this, sparing commercial space planned for them for more
remunerative commercial use –neither necessary nor sustainable, but being promoted nevertheless through liberal
disposal policies. 2003-02
2003.02.26: Vasant Kunj hawkers warned of massive removal action, despite assurance of pilot
project in court
2003.02.24: Metro police station inaugurated by DDA chairman in building on river-bed / green site
covered by Public Notice

2003.02.21: Vasant Kunj MCD Counselor demands hawking licenses for weekly hawking (already
issued)

2003.02.20: Inauguration by Police Commissioner of police station in metro building on river-bed /

green site covered by Public Notice announced:Comment1
2003.02.18: Tender Notice offering DDA shops for unrestricted use2 posted on DDA website
2003.02.10: Hawking licenses issued for weekly hawking in Vasant Kunj in violation of Plan, despite
assurance of pilot project in court
2003-01

2003.01.27: : Mafia buy shops for a song prior to regularisation: News report
2003.01.20: Another Tender Notice offers DDA shops for unrestricted use
2003.01.16: DDA promises pilot-project for Vasant Kunj hawkers, on affidavit
2003.01.09: : New master plan focuses on Metro and construction: News report
2002-11

2002.11.29: Regularisation announcements, including shops in homes: Comment

2002.11.15: Upgrading a district centre by downsizing entitlements: Comment

2002-10

2002.10.30 PIL against DDA Tender Notice offering shops for unrestricted use
2002.10.24: DDA promises pilot project for Vasant Kunj hawkers: Letter
2002.10.02: MCD hawker policy to make NGO-initiative model market: News report
2002.10.10: Councilors stall MCD's new hawker policy: News report

2002-09

2002.09.02: MCD moots hawker policy in disregard of Plan, to move Supreme Court
 HIERARCHY OF COMMERCIAL AREAS IN 1962 MASTER PLAN

Tier I Ii Iii Iv

District centre Centre business Sub-central business Sub district centre

district district
Population 1.5 to 2.5 lakh About 1 lakhs About 15,000
Area 591 acres 381 acres 199 acres 180 acres
Location Pusa road, khyber pass, Old city, asaf ali road, Karol bagh , shahdra Gole market, khan
shahdra, loni road, minto road, market, vinay market,
dilshad, south connaught gokhle market,
shahdra,kalkaji, malviya place()including kashmere gate, lajpat
nagar, 1100 acres janpath), parliament rai market, jhilmil,
scheme, west street, inderprastha tehar, market area
delhi(najafgarh), new estate near i.N.A. Colony,
jail area(najafgarh jhandewalan, tilak
road), nangloi area, nagar area
shakurbasti area,
wazirpur area, shalimar
garden area.
All activities Retail shopping, Retail in character
general business, - - and serve the day to
commercial and day needs of the
professional offices, people.
forwarding and
booking and local
government offices,
cinemas, restaurants
and other places of
entertainment.
 HIERARCHY OF COMMERCIAL AREAS IN 2001 MASTER PLAN
Tier I Ii Iii Iv V

Central business district and sub District centre Community centre Local shopping Convenience
central business district centre shopping centre
Population ABOUT 5 About 1 lakhs About 15,000 About 5,000
lakhs(UE) varying
in DUA 81
Area 44 ha(for lakh 5.40 ha 0.46 ha 0.11 ha
population)
Land 880 sqm.. 540 sqm. 306 sqm. 220 sqm.
requirement/
Thousand
person
All activities Shopping(retail service, repair and Same as I(Central Shopping(retail Shopping(retail Shopping(retail
limited, wholesale), informal shopping, business district service, repail, service, repail, service, repail,
commercial offices cinema, hotel guest and sub central informal shopping, informal informal
house, service industries, auditorium, business district) commercial offices, shopping, shopping
museum, library, sciece centre, cinema, hotel guest commercial Electric sub-
art/craft/music/dance school, weekly house, nursing home.) offices station
market(on close days) delhi covenience
administration, delhi development Service industries Community hall
authority and municipal oFFICER Post office, and library
dispensary, petrol electric sub-
Bus terminal, fire post police post, pump(filling station station
telephone exchange , electric sub- only) weekly covenience
station, post and telegraph office, markets(om cose
petrol pump convenience residential days)
Electric sub station
convenience.
Note : Besides the above , retail shopping of desired level shall also be provided in all work centres.
 HIERARCHY OF COMMERCIAL AREAS IN 2021 MASTER PLAN
Tier I Ii Iii Iv V
Population About 5 lakhs About 1 lakhs About 10,000 About 5,000
Metropolitan city District centre Community centre Local shopping Convenience
centre(pertains to already centre shopping centre
developed central business
district)
Area(ha.) 40 4.0 0.3 0.1
Activities Retail shopping, stockists Retail shopping, stockists Retail shopping, stockists Retail shopping, Retail shopping,
permitted and and dealers of medicines and dealers of stockists and local
Dealers of medicines and and Medicines and drugs, Dealers of Level service
Drugs, commercial and Drugs, commercial and Commercial and offices of medicines and activities,
offices of local bodies, psus, offices of local bodies, Local bodies, psus, drugs, Repair, 1[office up
Cinema, cineplex, hotels, psus, Cinema, cineplex, hotels, Commercial to 125
Restaurants, banquet halls, Cinema, cineplex, hotels, service apptts. Offices, clinical Sqm.*], Bank,
Socio-cultural restaurants, banquet halls, Restaurants, banquet halls, laboratory, ATM, informal
Activities /recreational club, socio-cultural activities / Guest house, nursing home, Clinic & poly clinic, trade,
Service apptts, coaching recreational club, service Dispensary, clinical lab. repair / Restaurant
centres/ apptts, coaching Clinic & poly clinic, Services, bank,
Training institutes, police centres/ training Coaching centres / ATM,
post, fire post. Tel. institutes, police post, Training institutes, Guest house,
Exchange, post & telegraph fire post. Tel. Exchange, Police post, post office, nursing home,
office, post & telegraph office, Petrol pump /CNG station, Informal trade.
Petrol pump / CNG station, petrol pump / CNG stn., Repair /services,bank, Coaching centres /
bus Bus terminal, repair / ATM, training
Terminal, informal services, bank, ATM, Informal trade, multi level Institutes,
Trade. guest house, nursing Parking. restaurant.
home,
informal trade.

Table : Five-Tier System of Commercial Areas

 HIERARCHY OF COMMERCIAL AREAS IN 2021 MASTER PLAN

[* The provision of offices space upto 125 sq.mtr. to be applicable from the prospective date of notification in view of
clause 3 (4) of Development Code.]
Notes:

i. Besides the above, retail shopping of desired level shall also be provided in all work centres and transportation
nodes.
ii. Utilities, Public Conveniences shall be provided as per requirement.
iii. Service & Repair and Informal activities should be provided as Service markets and Informal bazaar.
iv. The mandatory requirement of parking as per prescribed standards would be met through multi level parking as far
as possible in Metropolitan City Centre, District Centre and Community Centre.
v. [The non-residential activities permitted as per Mixed Use Regulations with stipulations for category of colony, road
ROW etc. in residential plots will be permitted in Commercial Centres.]
MAJOR PROPOSITIONS OF THE MASTER PLAN 1962 IN RESPECT TO TRADE COMMERCE
AND WHOLESALE WERE:
• Delhi is the major wholesale commercial and business centre of North-west India;
• Role of business and commercial activity in the general economy of Delhi region has yet to be studied;
• Connaught Place to remain the principal shopping centre;
• City centre to be redeveloped into two distinct parts: Commercial and wholesale in Sadar Bazar area;
• Financial and retail area in Chandni Chowk and its adjoining areas.
• Six new community shopping centres to come up;
• Neighbourhood shopping has not been discussed in the Interim General Plan but would be located on the
Comprehensive Plan after detailed study of the needs of the residents living in the neighbourhood.
• City growth as anticipated by the Plan has been out phased and the problematic metropolis as envisaged by the
background studies has acquired other problematic dimensions.
• An aim to avoid the residential areas to be class segregated is another mention. Structure of urban Delhi is proposed
as that consisting of Planning Divisions, CBD’s and District Centres, Community Centre, Residential Planning Area
and Housing Clusters in the same order. The need to evolve a proposal for services in rural areas is the suggestion.
• The tiers for planning of ‘Shopping and other facilities’ are outlined from top as District Centres, Community Centre,
Residential Planning Area, Residential Unit and Housing Cluster.
• Shahdara was proposed to be developed as a sub CBD; but the condition today is that of squalor.
 MAJOR PROPOSITIONS OF THE MASTER PLAN 2001 IN RESPECT TO TRADE COMMERCE
AND WHOLESALE WERE:
• Planning Provisions and their Interpretation
Suggestions in the Background Studies Incorporated Not incorporated Comments
Seminar II- Seminar on employment Basic concepts accepted Despite all measures, the informal
Delhi as a capital with multiple functions, efforts for sector has grown beyond bounds
plan implementation lack, new centres of activities - and problems of infrastructure still
proposed in which the workshop were also done on exist and are bound to increase
trade, commerce and informal sector
• The City Centre to be Decentralized- This is to decongest the traditional CBD’s of Chandni Chowk and Connaught Place by
developing District Centres to ‘act as foci and give the city a completely new pattern’;
• There also appears an inherent contradiction in the concept as it is proposed that the Old City wholesale markets should be
cleared of all unauthorized encroachments; then why other areas are thrown open to such establishments is unexplainable.
the incapacity of the earlier Plan in terms of implementation is again highlighted as the Plan puts forward a spurt in the number
of industries, non conforming in nature and concentrated in the residential and commercial areas despite as proposed otherwise.
• The commercial centres retain the hierarchy as proposed by the earlier plan but with additional areas for development
of each kind. Decentralisation of wholesale trade is to be followed by developing sites four regional distribution markets on the
major entry points of Delhi and in the towns of DMA which are- Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Kundli and Loni.
• The dominant activities are also mentioned but these cannot be taken as exclusive unless measures for the same are specified. For
egg. Gurgaon has developed as a centre of commerce and Kundli for real estate. The restriction of quasigovernment activities
which are observed to be increasing at an alarming rate is put as a requirement. The suggestion is to locate only those offices in
Delhi which directly serve the ministries of the Government of India; rest to be distributed in the regional towns and in the
Community Centres, District Centres and CBD’s.
 MAJOR PROPOSITIONS OF THE MASTER PLAN 2021 IN RESPECT TO TRADE COMMERCE
AND WHOLESALE WERE:

Suggestions in the Background Incorporated Not incorporated Comments

Studies
Sub Group- IV- Sub Group on Hawking and no hawking It is further not Containment also required but
Trade and Commerce-Policy for zones for the informal sector, mentioned as to how not mentioned, newer forms
CBD’s to aim at tremendous growth activities in wholesale markets the informal sector shall are advocated. Newer
in their functions, improvement, outlined. Development be dealt in if the norms structure and activity
policy for wholesale business to Controls are mentioned for are flouted with regards proposed which stand relevant
outline the boundaries of operation, whole sale trade and also for to their location. Time only in some contexts. Till
policy for district and commercial the units of the informal bound actions are date no effective policy for
centres to aim at the planned sector. Policy for informal mentioned but the informal trade exists. An
operationability Policy for informal trade, weekly markets and nature of these actions organized informal sector can
trade, weekly markets and street street vendors is observed. and the urgency of be observed as in the form of
vendors to be made a special Mixed land use is also certain actions needs local markets.
component of the Plan, areas to be mentioned. Hierarchical mention particularly
marked for these, policy for mixed structure is also outlined in with regards to informal
land use to be flexible, planning for detail along with norms, trade.
new commercial areas to be along policies and location of these
activities in the city.
• TRADE AND COMMERCE: It suggests activities that can be carried out at each tier of commercial areas- district centre,
community centre, local shopping centre, and convenience shopping centre. The chapter briefly talks about the informal
sector and the number of informal units that can be allowed in each use zone.4 The chapter lists out the complex set of
development controls to which commercial establishments are to be subject to.
• WHOLESALE TRADE: It gives some proposed locations for wholesale markets, sub city level markets. It also talks of the
development controls for wholesale markets.
 ANALYSIS OF THE MASTER PLAN 1962 IN RESPECT TO WHOLESALE :

WHOLESALE MARKETS.
There is a need to relocate some of the wholesale markets and generally to separate wholesaling from relating activity. The
wholesale markets must be well planned to avoid the chaotic traffic conditions now prevailing in these markets.

Fruit and Vegetable Markets. 35

Food Grain Market 15
Foddar Market. 6
Cloth Market 10
Bicycle Market. -
Dry Fruit Market 2
Hosiery and General Market 61

➢ NOTE: The bicycle wholesale market has not been shown separately as a wholesale commercial market in the
Plan but forms part of the commercial area in Jhandewalan.
• Timber yards and depots should be relocated in West Delhi adjacent to the railway line to Rewari in about a 50
acre site.
• Only about 15 acres of land should be allotted in the Motia Khan area for reorganizing some of the small scrap
metal and junk dealers now spread out in this area.
• Four sites of about 50 acres each may be allotted for the building material trade and storage in the industrial
zones.
 ANALYSIS OF THE MASTER PLAN 2001 IN RESPECT TO WHOLESALE :

• These are about 24.600 wholesale shops and establishments in wholesale markets in Delhi. About 12,000 commodity
handling shops (at the rate of 2.21 per 1.000 population) have been actually enumerated. Most of the wholesale markets are
located in the congested central part in Old Delhi and were established during the late 19th. century and early 20th century.
• The wholesale markets are dealing with 27 major commodities.
(i) To provide facilities for regional and intra-urban freight movement.
(ii) To provide facilities for freight in transit as well as interchange of mode.
(iii) To provide warehousing and storage facilities and inter-link these sites with specialised markets like iron and steel and
building materials; hosiery, plastic, leather and pvc; auto motor parts and machinery; fruits and vegetables.
(iv) To provide servicing, lodging and boarding, idle parking, restaurants and other related functions in the complex.
• The new wholesale markets need to be developed at suitable locations in different parts of the city to encourage
decentralisation at two levels :
(i) Regional distribution and
(ii) Regional-cum-local distribution.
• In case of existing developed areas, whole sale markets which are hazardous in nature should be shifted to the areas
specifically assigned

❑ Regional Distribution Markets

• Regional Wholesale markets along with warehousing and truck terminal facilities are proposed to be developed on the major
entry routes to Delhi as given below :

(i) in the East near Patparganj and on Loni Road

(ii) in the South near Madanpur Khadar
(iii) in the South West in Urban Extension
(iv) in the North in Urban Extension.
S.No commodity Locations
East South South west North
Patparganj Loni road Madanpur Urban Najafgarh Urban
Khadar extension
A Market with Warehousing
1 Textile and textile 9 - 28 26 - 7 70
product
2 Auto,motorpart & 12 - - 11 - 20 43
machinery
3 Fruit &vegetable - 8 20 5 - 20 53
4 Harware 5 13 18 12 - 5 53
5 Iron & steel 5 - 10 5 8 5 25
6 Food grain 10 - 9 - - 5 32
7 Timber 17 19 23 16 - 37 112
8 Plastic, leather & 9 - - - - 10 19
PVC
9 Relocation of 4 - - - - - 4
junk market
B Truck Terminal 60 - 50 50 4 55 219
GRAND TOTAL 131 40 158 125 12 164 630
To bring in decentralisation in the wholesale trade, new markets specially space extensive should be located in the towns
of Delhi Metropolitan Areas
REGIONAL-CUM-LOCAL DISTRIBUTION MARKETS
• Delhi in fact, is one metropolitan city but has become an agglomeration of cities. Eleven regional- cum-local wholesale
markets as secondary markets are recommended to be developed.
• Regional-cum-local markets are proposed as under :
(i) Sub-CBD (Shahdara) South
(ii) Okhla
(iii) Rohtak Road District Centre
(iv) Shivaji Place District Centre North
(v) Wazirpur District Centre
(vi) Rohini District Centre
(vii) Markets of 8 to 10 ha. each in the Urban Extension
• In addition to the above, foddar markets shall be develpent in the
rural areas.

➢ Storage of Oil & LPG Gas

• Shakurbasti Depot being in the densely inhabited area should be
shitted to a site about 13 kms.
• Bijwasan, which is an existing oil terminal near Delhi Airport
should be contained within the area already allotted for this
purpose.
• AT most, it may be allowed to expand by about 8 ha.
• oil terminal site should be developed near Holambi Kalan on Delhi-Ambal railway
• The road based IPG depots are proposed to be developed to be developed, one in South-East Delhi in the East of Area
Canal near Road No. 13 and second in the North along Road No. 50. A site measuring about 10 ha. adjoining to the
Badarpur Thermal Power Station would be suitable to be devel- oped exclusively for black oil.
•
 ANALYSIS OF THE MASTER PLAN 2021 IN RESPECT TO WHOLESALE :

It is expected that the number of enterprises in wholesale trade may increase to about 66,000 by 2021 leading to increase in
employment to about 2.85 lakh persons.

➢ CITY LEVEL WHOLESALE MARKETS

Incentives:
a) The liasioning offices of the traders/ agents to continue in the present location;
b) Development of New counter markets for wholesale trade and warehousing;
c) The new counter markets should have access from National Highway, arterial networks and connectivity with MRTS;
d) Incentives such as Transferable Development Rights (TDR) and reduced taxes to enable start up / expanding of
activity in the new markets.
Disincentives:
a) Restriction on the entry of heavy goods vehicles in the Special area;
b) Storage of hazardous / inflammable commodities like paper, plastic / PVC, chemicals, petroleum and its products;
should be discouraged.
c) Restriction on storage / warehousing of bulky commodities like food grains, fruits and vegetables, dairy, poultry /
fish products, iron and steel, and building materials; and
d) Non-renewal of trade licenses for Wholesale Trade in non-conforming areas

➢ SUB-CITY LEVEL MARKETS

In addition to previous plan provisions, the following wholesale markets are to be developed:
i) Loni Road
ii) Rohini Ph-IV / V
iii) Dwarka Sub-City
iv) Narela Sub-City
In Urban Extension, about 8-10 ha. of land for about one million population should be provided for such Sub-City level
markets.
➢ STORAGE OF OIL, CNG AND LPG

Notes:
i) Height subject to clearance from Airport Authority of India, Fire Department and other statutory bodies.
ii) In case of plots upto 300 sqm. common parking is to be provided.
iii) In case of plots of size 300 sqm and above, the utilities such as E.S.S., underground water storage tank, roof
top water harvesting system, separate dry and wet dustbins, solar heating / lighting system
etc. are to be provided within the plot.
iv) In case of individual plots not forming part of any comprehensive / integrated development scheme,
the development controls shall be as per already approved scheme / layout plan