Chap1 Ideology

Meaning of Ideology
The word “Ideology is French in origin. It is made up of two components namely
‘idea’ and ‘logos’. Ida means concept and logo means studies.
Definition of of Ideology
A collection of beliefs, values, customs, aims, traditions, rituals which is common
to all members of a society and its is expressed in the lives of all members of that
society is called “Ideology”.
Explanation of Ideology
Ideology is generally used in wider perspective because human beings have unique
way of thinking. It constitutes a system of human life whose integral parts are
assertion, theories and objectives of human life. In a society the individuals have
common beliefs, customs, traditions and rituals.
Importance of Ideology in Practical Life
There is a great importance of ideology in practical life. It gives common thinking
and traditions to the people; hence unity is established among them. Thus a
common culture is developed in the society due to this particular characteristics of
that society are appeared which give it a separate identity in the world. The
significance of ideology in practical life can be explained as follows:
An ideology expresses the ideas and thoughts of all individuals in a society.
It can unite the people on a platform on the basis of common ideas and traditions.
It determines the clear principles about the ‘mode of life’, due to this an effective
force is developed among people. So they participate in the practical struggle of
life.
It produces self consciousness and prudence among people due to this they become
fully aware about basic objectives of a society.
It helps in fixing the freedom, culture and traditions among the people of a society.
It explains religious teachings and social values more clearly which help to
understand the characteristics of that society.
All individuals spend purposeful and civilized lives due to an ideology.

Chap#2 Islamic Ideology

Definition of Islamic Ideology
An ideology which enlightens the Islamic teachings, the teachings of Quran and
Sunnah, Islamic mode of life and culture is known as Islamic Ideology.
Explanation
Islam is a complete mode of life and Islamic ideology is established on the basis of
golden principles of Islam. It helps in gaining peace and comfort in life. It teaches
us the basic principles for the individual and collective welfare of mankind.
Characteristics of Islamic Ideology
The following are the important characteristics of Islamic Ideology:
1. Islamic ideology helps the people to spend their lives according to the teachings
of Quran and Sunnah.
2. It provides a complete picture of Islamic way of life and traditions.
3. It helps in the construction of Islamic society according to the commands of
Allah.
4. It helps in establishing the basic principles like human respect, tolerance, justice
and equality, fraternity and mutual co-operation.
Sources of Islamic Ideology
There are following sources of Islamic Ideology:
1. The Holy Quran
2. Sunnah
3. Traditions and Cultural Values
The Holy Quran
It is the book of guidance which was revealed on the last prophet Hazrat
Mohammad (Peace be upon him). The Holy Quran is the permanent basis of Islam.
It provides detailed guidance to the people, concerning social and economic laws,
leading to a sustainable, peaceful and purposeful life at the individual and
collective levels.
Sunnah of the Prophet (P.B.U.H)
The second important source of Islamic Ideology is the Sunnah of the Holy
Prophet (Peace be Upon Him). Our holy prophet (P.B.U.H) elaborated the
injunctons of Islam by his words and deeds. The detailed explanation of the
teachings of the Holy Quran is found in Sunnah.
Traditions and Cultural Values
The third important source of Islamic ideology is traditions and culture. It is the
way of passing life in which such a balanced life is adopted which makes the life
peaceful and comfortable and peace is also established in the collective life of the
society. The values and traditions, which do not run opposite to the teachings of
Islam are allowed to be followed by the Muslims in their respective regions.
Chap 3 : Ideology and National Character
Introduction
Character is the sum of total habits, attitudes and the way of living an individual.
The character of a person is influenced by the ideology. Thus if an ideology
produces the uniformity of thoughts, then the habits, traditions and way of life of
the whole nation become same which is collectively known as national character.
There is a great importance of national character in success and stability of an
ideology. The national character is formed from the following moral and ethical
values in the light of an ideology.
1. Firm Faith
2. Devotion
3. Honesty and Probity
4. Patriotism
5. Labour and Hard work
6. National Interest
1. Firm Faith
It is necessary that one should make firm faith on ideology for the determination of
national character. This gives help to a person in the selection of a way for action.
The firm faith of the Muslim of South Asia on Pakistan Ideology helped them to
achieve Pakistan for them.
2. Devotion
A uniformity of thoughts and actions should be developed among all the members
of a nation. They should devote themselves with the sense of great spirit and duty.
3. Honesty and Probity
These qualities make a person practical and the practical persons can extend an
ideology practically. An individual should lea a just life and reflect honesty in
words and deeds. Islam has emphasized upon honesty and probity in very strong
words.
4. Patriotism
An expression of the love and sacrifice for country is called patriotism. Patriotism
gives stability to an ideology. It also establishes the national character. For
instance, Pakistanis showed a gret spirit of patriotism during the war against India
in 1965. It was the expression of their national character.
5. Labour and Hard work
The spirit o labour and hard work is a symbol of national character. It becomes the
identity of the nations in the world. The secret of the success of nations is hidden in
the labour and hard work.
6. National Interest
The collective objectives which help in progressing a country and nation are called
national interest. It is necessary for an individual to reflect the supremacy of
national interest with his personal character. Only those nations survive whose
individuals not compromise on the national interest.
Chap#4 Democracy
Definition of Democracy
“Type of government in which, the representatives for the government are selected
by the votes of common people and all the members of the state take part directly
or indirectly in the formation of the government is called Democracy.”
Principles of Democracy in Islam
Islam has a different concept of Democracy from the rest of the world. Under
Islamic democracy, the states of affairs are run according to the teachings of the
Holy Quran and Sunnah. The foundation of democracy in Islam has been
established on the basis of following principles:
1. Sovereignty
Under Islamic democracy, the sovereignty belongs ot Almighty Allah. God fearing
persons to run the affairs of the state are desirable to elect as the premiers of the
state. The government as well as the legislative assemblies does not enjoy the
unlimited powers. However the people are at liberty to elect.
2. Justice
The literal meaning of justice is to keep the rights things at their right places. It is
the foundation of divine law. No aspect of life can be complete without justice. It is
the justice which makes any society peaceful and prosperous. The individual and
collective lives are made effective due to the establishment of justice.
3. Equality
Equality means all the persons are treated under the same principles of the state.
Islam rejects all kinds of discrimination on the basis of languages, caste, colour,
culture, wealth or poverty. The Holy prophet (P.B.U.H) in his last pilgrimage
declared that all human beings are the off-springs of Hazrat Adam. No Arab has
any precedence over a Non-Arab and vice versa.
4. Fraternity
Fraternity means brotherhood. Allah has told in the Holy Quran that all the
believers are brothers to each other. The principles of fraternity are an important
aspect of Islamic society. As brothers all the Muslims share the problems of each
other and their happiness also. Our holy prophet (P.B.U.H) said that a Muslim is a
brother to another. Mutual co-operation is developed due to the establishment of
fraternity in the society.
5. Tolerance
Tolerance means is the power of endurance and to accept the criticism of the others
merrily. Tolerance makes the mutual relations of human beings strong. The holy
prophet (P.B.U.H) preached tolerance through his words and deeds. Tolerance
gives an ability to every person to neglect the mistakes of the others thus the
possibilities of quarreling with each other are discriminated and a state of peace is
developed in the society.
Chap 5: Ideology of Pakistan in the Light of Quaid-e-Azam’s Sayings
Introduction
Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah gave practical shape to the ideology given
by Allama Iqbal.
After joining Muslim League in 1913, he continued with his efforts to bring about
Hindu Muslim unity but he was greatly disappointed to see the prejudicial attitude
of the Congress and Hindus towards the Muslims. Following are some extracts
from the speeches and statements which he delivered from time to time for
explaining the ideology of Pakistan.
Address At Second Round Table Conference in 1931
Quaid-e-Azam believed that Congress and Hindus would never recognize the
rights of Muslims. He declared while representing the Muslims in the second
Round Table Conference in 1913:

“The Hindu Muslim dispute must be settled before the enforcement of any
system or constitution. Until you do not give guarantee for the safeguard of the
Muslim interests, until you do not win their (Muslims) co-operations, any
constitution you enforece shall not last for even 24 hours.”
Quaid-e-Azam and Two Nation Theory
Quaid-e-Azam was a firm advocate of two nation theory which became the
ideological basis of Pakistan. He said:
“The Muslims are a nation by every right to establish their separate homeland.
They can adopt any means to promote and protect their economic social, political
and cultural interests.”

On 23rd March, 1940 at the historic session of the Muslim League at Lahore, he
said:

“The Mussalmans are not a minority. They are a nation by any definition. By all
canons of International law we are a nation.”

In his presidential address at the annual session of Muslim League at Lahore in

1940. He said:

“India is not a nation, nor a country. It is a Sub Continent of nationalities.

Hindus and Muslims being the two major nations. The Hindus and Muslims
belong to two different religions, philosophies, social customs and literature.
They neither intermarry nor inter dine and they belong to two different
civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their
aspects on life and of are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims
derive their inspiration from different sources of history.”

On March 8, 1944 while addressing the students of Muslim University, he said:

“Hindus and Muslims through living in the same town and villages had never
been blended into one nation. They were always two separate entities.”
Quaid-e-Azam and Millat-e-Islamia
He believed that only Islam was the unifying force of the Muslim Millat. He said:

“What relationships knits the Muslims into one whole, which is the formidable
rock on which the Muslim edifice has been erected, which is the sheet anchor
providing base to the Muslim Millat, the relationship, the sheet anchor and the
rock is Holy Quran.”
Address At Islamia College Peshawar
In 1946, at Islamia College Quaid-e-Azam declared:

“We do not demand Pakistan simply to have a piece of land but we want a
laboratory where we could experiment on Islamic principles.”
Address on 18th June 1945
In his message to the Frontier Muslim Students Federation, he said:

“Pakistan not only means freedom and independence but Muslim ideology,
which has to be preserved which came to us as a precious gift and treasure and
which we hope, other will share with us.”
Conclusion
The above sayings and statements largely prove that Quaid-e-Azam wanted to
establish an Islamic system as a code of life because he believed that it was the
sole objective of the Pakistan Movement
Chap#6 Ideology of Pakistan
Introduction
Pakistan is an ideological state and the ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic Ideology.
Its basic principles being:

“The only Sovereign is Allah.”

Ideology of Pakistan basically means that Pakistan should be a state where the
Muslims should have an opportunity to live according to the faith and creed based
on the Islamic principles. Quaid-e-Azam once said:
“Pakistan was created the day the first Indian national entered the field of
Islam.”

From the above statement, it is clear that ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic one.
Two Nation Concepts
The fundamental concept of ideology is that Muslims should get a separate
identity. They should have a separate state where they could live according to
Islamic rules and principle. On one occasion Quaid-e-Azam said:

“The Muslims demand Pakistan where they can rule in accordance with their
own system of life, their culture development, their traditions and Islamic laws.”

Thus, this fundamental concept of ideology led to the concept of two nations in the
Sub Continent and resulted in the formation of Pakistan.
Factors Creating the Idea of Separate Homeland
Factors creating the idea of a separate homeland were as follows:
1. Anti Muslim Campaign
The Hindus and British joined hands to destroy the faith, belief, customs and
national importance of Muslims because Muslim rebellion was creating much
problem for both.
2. In Acceptance of British Rule
Muslims had been ruling the Sub-Continent for ages. Therefore, they could not
resist any power over them. When British came to rule the Sub Continent, Muslims
were the only nation who opposed them. Thus, in order to gain power, British had
to crush the Muslims collectively.
3. Hindus Betrayed Muslims
In the beginning, Hindus appeared to be on Muslim’s side, but later on their
hostility was exposed as they opposed various steps taken by British Government
which purely benefited Muslims.
4. Refusal of Muslim Identity
British wanted to implement parliamentary system in Sub-Continent in which the
majority was the power and authority. due to Hindu majority it was probable that if
British left India undivided, it would fall under the Hindus Rule. Further more,
Hindus did not accept the separate identity of Muslims and thus, there were no
chances of freedom even after the British rule.
5. War of 1857
In 1857, Muslims and Hindus tried to expel the British out of India but failed.
Later due to Hindu conspiracies, Muslims were held responsible for it and hence
were crushed further by British.
6. Sir Syed’s Idea
Sir Syed for the first time put down the idea that Muslims are a separate nation. He
convinced Muslims to unite themselves in order to have a separate social and
political identity.
Basic Points of Ideology of Pakistan
Muslims are different from Hindus in every aspect, their culture, civilization,
customs and religion all
are entirely different.

The Muslims need a free state for protection of their separate where they can live
in accordance with their faith, belief and follow the Islamic codes.
Importance of Ideology in National Life
Ideology is a motivating force for a nation, which is striving hard to bring stability
and homogeneity to its nation hood. It provides the binding force to the scattered
groups in a society and brings them close to each other on a common platform.
Ideologies impel their adherence to follow a joint linked action for the
accomplishment of their goal. Ideologies give shape to the revolutions and create
new cultures and civilizations. They stress on their adherents to insist on the
realization of their ideal through total transformation of society.
An urgent agreement with each other on the ideals is most vital pre-requisite of an
ideology.
Conclusion
The fundamental concept of the ideology of Pakistan is that Muslims are a separate
nation having their own culture, literature, religion and way of life. They cannot be
merged in any other nation. They should be able to develop their culture and
religious traditions in an Islamic State and they should be able to create a true
Islamic society for themselves.

Thus the ideology of Pakistan which developed through the period of Mohammad
Bin Qasim and others and followed by political leaders like Quaid-e-Azam was
materialized in 1947.

Short Question and Answers (Resources of Pakistan)

Q.1 Define Ideology?
Ans. It is a system of Ideas concerning social and political life. or It may also be
defined as, a product of great minds or its is the result of Devine guidance.
Q.2 What is an Islamic Ideology?
Ans. It is an ideology through a society is formed in accordance with the teachings
of the Holy Quran and Sunnah.
Q.3 Write any four guiding principles of Islamic way of life?
Ans. The four important guiding Islamic principles are :
1. Unity of Allah: It means the belief in oneness of Allah. It is the basic belief in
Islam.
2. Prophet Hood: Finality of the prophet hood of Hazrat Mohammad (P.B.U.H).
3. Life Hereafter: It means all the mankind will be reborn after death. They wil be
rewarded or punished according to their deeds in the worldly life.
4. Fundamentals of Islam: It includes Kalma, Salat, Fasting, Hajj and Zakaat.
Q.4 What are the contents of ideology?
Ans. The contents of Ideology are:
1. Common religion: It means that people following a common religion form a
common ideology.
2. Common Culture: The people of a country adopt a particular culture, people of a
country are recognized by their culture.
3. Common Causes: Every nation has its national objects. So it builds an ideology
in accordance to its needs.
4. Dedication and Devotion: The people of a nation should work with dedication
and devotion for the betterment of their country.
Q.5 Write down the sources of Islamic Ideology?
Ans. The sources of Islamic Ideology are the Holy Quran and Sunnah.
Q.6 Write the importance of Ideology.
Ans. Ideology is important due to the following reasons:
1. It is a source for achieving the national progress and prosperity.
2. It unites the people.
3. It is a motivating force for deeds and actions.
4. It determine the way of living of the people.
Q.7 Write down any four benefits of Salat?
Ans. Salat has the following advantages:
1. It is a pillar of Islam.
2. It prohibits the evil or satanic deeds.
3. It brings Islamic unity.
4. It is a basic difference between an infided and a Muslim.
Q.8 Write down any four benefits of Zakat?
Ans. Following are the four benefits of Zakat:
1. It is a principal worship to achieve Allah’s pleasure.
2. It reduces the gap between rich and poor.
3. It kills the element of greediness.
4. It is a remedy for selfishness.
Q.9 Write down four sentences on the importance of Hajj?
Ans. Importance of Hajj is depicted in following sentences:
1. It is obligatory on every Muslim once in his life.
2. It creates brotherhood among the Muslims.
3. It shows the strength of the Muslims.
4. It is both principal and physical worship.
Q.10 Write the Islamic principles of Democracy?
Ans. They are as follows:
1. Sovereignty
2. Justice
3. Equality
4. Fraternity
5. Tolerance

Fill in the Blanks

1. Ideology is a French word.

2. Ideology is a product of great and influential minds or divine guidance.

3. Unicty of Allah is the basic element of Islamic Ideology.

4. Allah has the sovereignty in Islamic State.

5. Zakat is a financial worship.

6. Hajj is obligatory on every Muslim once in life time.

7. Fraternity means brotherhood. 8. Islam has a complete code of conduct.

9. Common religion and common culture are the contents of ideology.

10. Fraternity and tolerance are the principles of Islamic Society.

11. Equality, faith and culture are the characteristics of Islamics society.

12. The sources of Islamic Society are the Holy Quran and Sunnah.

13. Allama Iqbal presented the idea of separate Muslim state on 30 December
1930, at Allahabad.
14. Lahore resolution was later named as Pakistan Resolution.

15. Justice is the arrangement of things at their correct place.