Chapter 11

Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Europe

Rizal’s Asia and American Tour

-Rizal in Hong Kong
When Rizal went to Hong Kong for three days, he saw Hong Kong’s shipping and commercial
centers, also Rizal not tend to go out of the ship when the smell was began because he feels not so
well and the weather seems not safe and there are rumors that the city is dirty. Also he met Jose
Maria Basa (Successful Merchant) and Manuel Yriarte (Son of the alcalde mayor in Calamba).
This two Filipino’s are ended up ran away when they got arrested. Victoria Hotel, the place where
Rizal’s stayed when they reached Hong Kong. After they came to Hong Kong he found out what
business or people lurking on that place, dating February 19th 1888. He boarded the ship Kiu Kiang
and set sail to go on the island of Macao.

-Rizal in Macao
A Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. along on sailing the boat Kiu Kiang, Rizal with his friend
Jose Maria Basa met another person who seems familiar to him. Jose Sainz de Veranda, a man
following Rizal. Rizal’s destination was on the place of Don Juan Francisco Lecaros (A Filipino
who married a Portuguese lady), acquaintance of Rizal. They stayed on the place of Don Juan
when they are in Macao. They have Visited many places in Macao like Churches, Cathedral,
Theatre, Bazaars, the Grotto of Camoes and many more, lastly they witnessed a Catholic
procession in which the devotees were dressed in blue and purple dresses and were carrying
unlighted candles and Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong again with the boat Kiu Kiang.

-Rizal in Japan
February 28 1888, Rizal came to Japan and stopped at the city of Yokohama in the grand hotel,
and lived in about 2months and few days in the Charge d’affaires of Spain in the country. Several
days Rizal living in the country he made friend with a citizen of the country named Tetcho Suehiro
a newspaperman and chief editor of some Japanese newspapers that also being forced to leave the
country of Japan. He also met a woman named O Sei San, who is a daughter of a samurai. A
woman of beauty, charm and intelligence and made a deep relationship with Rizal and a sweet
message came from Rizal to be dedicated as his most dearest person. They both help each other’s
omission in the respective race. But Rizal chose to serve his country rather to be married with O
Sei San. So he left the country of Japan and boarded again with the ship Belgic back to America.
-Rizal in America
Via Belgic ship, Rizal arrived in San Francisco, USA on April 27 1888. There are two agencies
that certified Belgic is free from cholera, “The American Consul of Japan” and “The British
Government of Hong Kong”. Cholera is a raging epidemic not just in America but also on the near
countries of America. So all the passenger’s being quarantined before boarding on the ship. May
6 1888 Rizal boarded a regular ferryboat going to Oakland. And then he transferred to another
train that heading towards to Sacramento and to Nevada. May 7, he saw an Indians. May 8, He
saw the Salt Lake as the train passed by the site. May 9 they have been through a thick tunnels
and pines at Colorado. May 10 train passed through Missouri River at Nebeska, May 11, he saw
Niagara falls at Chicago. May 13 they have reached the Albany city and sited the Hudeon river.
And then the last city is New York where he stayed three days. Rizal toured at many places,
Memorial place of George Washington where the statue of liberty seen by Rizal. About twenty
days Rizal toured America and left to go to city of Rome. After he left he said that the country of
America is the Land for excellence of freedom but only for the whites.

-Rizal in England
May 25 1888, the ship “The City of Rome” arrived in Liverpool, he stayed in Adelphi Hotel. On
the another day he boarded again to London and his arrival would be paid by 45 pesos in the
Philippine value for the rent in the house of Beckett Family. The place or the location of the Beckett
Family is capable of where can Jose Rizal learn more about history and also wisdom for him. The
British Museum is one of the largest museum that people can seek many different knowledgeable
books about wisdom. In many days Rizal lived at London, he spent most of it reading books in the
museum. A wisdom where he can carry for his return, and when the time that all that wisdom he
learned reading books, he knew that he must decline Mariano Ponce’s invitation.
He visited the exhibit of Paris the Bibliotheque Nacionale in September 1888 and Juan Luan’s
family in December 11, He had meeting with compatriots Marcelo H. Del Pillar and Mariano
Ponce discussing the issues and problems of the Philippines. Also he visited Madrid and Barcelona
for 12 days. Afterwards he went back to London to Christmas celebrate with the Beckett family.
The Active Propagandist
This is when the La Solaridad made by Rizal’s compatriots at Barcelona, a new society that has
been formally insugu on December 31 1888 and Rizal was voted as the Honorary President of it.
This new society announced in the newspaper as the SOL in Barcelona, Spain. Rizal was being an
active propagandist and contributed the following:

La Vision del Fray Rodriguez

This is a manual in which it contrasts with the works of Father Jose Rodriguez, the name used here
is Dimasalang, Published in Barcelona. By doing this, it furthered Padre Jose in his great folly.
Sulat sa mga Kababaihan ng Malolos
This Letter was for the woman who lived in the Malolos, and be sent to the government. This letter
for the better of every woman in the Philippines, what is written in the letter is that a permission
to the respected officials, requesting a petition that the woman of Malolos can learn and study the
language of Spain although it is seems to contradict the Friars of Malolos, Bulacan.

The Active Propaganda

When Rizal returned his compatriots in Barcelona founder a new society called La Solidaridad..
That society was formally inaugurated on December 31, 1888 and Rizal was voted as honorary
President after the first election. The following year the society announce its newspaper called La
Solidaridad or SOL in Barcelona Spain.
Rizal as an active propagandist he contributed the following works like "La Vision del Fray
Rodriquez" (The Vision of Fr. Rodriguez) it is publish in the SOL under the pen name Dimasalang
his work is written in satire form. Presenting the exchange discussion between At. Agustin and
Fr.Rodriguez and the other one is "Sulat sa mga kababaihan ng Malolos (A letter to the Woman of
Malolos) it is requested of Marcelo H. Del Pilar. Rizal wrote his personal message to praise young
woman of Malolos for their persistence and initiatives to receive lesson in Spanish language
despite of opposition of the friars who owned the educational institutions in Bulacan. He wrote the
essay dated February 22, 1889 in this work, Rizal shared his views of the role of written in building
Philippine society The following are the important points discussed in the essay:
* He pointed of the beginning of the essay that bravery and the courage of the women that is worth
emulating. He also gave his personal views of the so-called "Spiritual Fathers".
* Rizal hailed the Filipino women for their strength and love of honor , on which he stated that
such virtues should be embodied to their children for hope in the future that would open them to
enlightenment. He taught the Filipina mother the values that she should inculcate to their child. He
explained that these values would strengthen the child when difficult times come in his future,
thus, giving honor to the country.
MA-YI - is The first Chinese for the Philippines. Historians today point to Mindoro as MA-YI for
rizal he stated this already in an intelligent study, he notes; "Perhaps be Lingayen; Mindoro" The
article was published in December 6 1888.
Rizal Received Sad News from The Philippines
In September 1888 Rizal received a cable from his compatriots in Hong Kong that Noli Me
Tangere was banned in the Philippines and that a student who was caught having a copy was
deliberate jailed in Bilibid prisons. Added to this, Spanish ruthless treatment of the Noli in the
Philippines. Stores and houses of Filipino priest and officials were search to rid Manila and Cavite
of the radical novel.
When Rizal left the Europe in February of 1888 the case of Rizal's Family and the people of
Calamba were left to Potacio Rizal and his Brother in law Manuel T. Hidalgo. The family took
Ambrocio Rianzarez but he backs out because of fear of the Dominican Corporation. On the
condition that the tenants and the family of Rizal would pay the amount asked by the friars. And
Buencamino was disapprove the the friar proposal of Jose Rizal.
Added to this the arrival of Governor General Wayler Valiriano, a known staunch supporter of
friars in the Philippines. He used the military will to enforce the Dominican Corporation's terms
to the Rizal Family and tenants of Calamba. The Spanish and the
Catholic Church in the Philippines punished Rizal's Family in Calamba.it imposed this following
and incidents:
*The death of his brother in law Mariano Herbosa who was denied of Christian burial for failure
to attend confession and he being related to him.
*On October 6, 1888 the brother-in-law of Rizal, Manuel T. Hidalgo was banished without trial
by the spanish government in Tagbilaran Bohol, together with some townmates in Calamba.

Rizal in Paris
In the middle of March 1889, Rizal left the Beckett Family in London to go in Paris, France. His
arrival to Paris is the birthday of the organization he conceived through his correspondence with
Blumentritt. Rizal called it "Kidlat" because it was form fast like lightning. The name of the
Organization was "International Association of Filipinologist. With the primary objective was to
study the Philippines from the scientific and historical point of view. The following were its
directing committee.
President Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian)
Vice President Mr. Edmund Plaute (Anglo-German)
Councilor Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo-German)
Councilor Dr. Antonio Regidor (Filipino-Spanish)
Secretary Dr Jose Rizal (Filipino)
After the success of "Kidlat" he also forms two organizations he names it I.B (Indios Bravos) and
RDLM (Redemtion of the Malay Race).
"Indios bravos Its member was task to manifest physical prowess to gain the inspiration of
foreigners and highlight the Filipino Race. Its member was Rafael Ventura, brothers Juan and
Antonio Luna, Trinidad Pardo ee Tavera and the Boustead Family.
"Redemption of the Malay Race It was the stand of the society that education is ab important factor
towards enlightenment thus, attain reform in the country. The Following are the observation of Dr.
Leonsio Rizal the nephew of Jose Rizal on his studies about RDLM;
* The settle and find a colony of Filipinos in Borneo not merely in have a place where Filipino
could live and work with liberty as well as free themselves from the oppressive conditions in the
Philippines.
Rizal’s Prolific Works while in Paris
*A La Defensa (To the Defense)- this was in response to the anti-Filipino writing of a Spanish
author Patricio de la Escosura by La Defensa which was published on March 30, 1889. It is written
on April 30, 1889, this Rizal's article refuted the views of Escosura, calling the reader's attention
to the insidious influences of the friars to the country.
*La Verdad Para Todos (The Truth for All)- It was published in the La Solidarida. This was
Rizal's defense against Spanish charges that the native local officials were ignorant and depraved.
Jose Rizal criticized the weak Spanish government in the Philippines and friars whom he
considered as bad teachers for the Filipino who stands for the Catholic Church.
*Vicente Barrantes' Teatro Tagalo- It is the first rebuttal of Rizal to Vicente Barrantes (Spanish
poet that published a slim volume title El Teatro Tagalo). It was published in the La Solidaridad
on June 15, 1889. In this article, since Barrantes downgraded the Filipino dignity, Rizal exposed
his lack of knowledge on the Tagalog theatrical art.
*Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Historical Events of the Philippines Islands)- In this book,
Rizal highlighted the Philippines and hailed the impartial view of its author, Antonio Morga (an
official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila during Spanish colony in the Philippines during 16th
century). The book came out of the press and published in 1889.
Rizal's annotation of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas:
-The people of the Philippines had a culture on their own, before the coming of the Spaniards
-Filipinos were decimated, demoralized, exploited and ruined by the Spanish colonization
-The present state of the Philippines was not necessarily superior to its past.
*Filipino Grajero/Los Agricultores Filipinos (Filipino Farmers)- It was published on March
25, 1889, 6 days after Rizal left London and went to Paris. In this article, Rizal stated the
hindrances why there was no improvement on Filipino farmers lives and the Philippine agriculture
itself. These hindrances were mainly divided into two: due to natural calamities, and due to petty
tyrants and robbers.
*Una Profanacion (A Profanation)- It is one of Jose Rizal's articles in La Solidaridad that was
published on July 31, 1889. This article mockingly attacked the friars for refusing to give Christian
burial to Mariano Herbosa, Rizal's brother in law, who died of cholera on May 23, 1889. Being
the husband of Lucia Rizal (Jose's Sister). Herbosa was denied of burial in the Catholic cemetery
by the Priest.
*Inconsequencias (Inconsequences)- In 1889, a Spanish writer, Pablo Mir Deas, attacked
Antonio Luna in the Barcelona newspaper “El Pueblo Soberano”. As Rizal’s defense to his friend
Luna, he wrote this article (Inconsequences) which was published on November 30, 1889.
*Specimen of Tagal Folklore- This work was published by the Trubner’s Record who’s editor
was Dr. Rost, a journal devoted for Asian literature in July 1889. In this work, Jose Rizal proverbial
sayings.
*Por Telefono (The Telephone)- Rizal wrote this satirical work as a reply to another slanderer,
Fr. Salvador Font, the one who mastermind banning of Rizal’s Noli. This work is under the
authorship of Dimas Alang, one of Rizal’s pen names. It was published in a booklet form in
Barcelona on August 1889. It describes in comical vein a telephone conversation between Fr. Font
who was in Madrid and the father provincial of the San Agustin Covent in Manila.
*Verdades Nuevas (New Truth)- In this article dated July 31, 1889, Rizal replied to the letter of
Vicente Belloc Sanchez which was published on July 4, 1889 in La Patria; a newspaper in Madrid.
Rizal addressed Sanchez allegation that provision of reforms to the Philippines would devastate
the diplomatic rule of the Catholic friars.
*Crueldad (Cruelty)- This work dated August 15, 1889, this was Rizal’s defense of his friend
Blumenttrit from the libelous attacks of his enemies. He explained “It is an ungrateful task to
intervene in a dispute and defend persons who are neither armless nor paralytic or whose pen is
kept down or who do not need defenders”.
*Differencias (Differences)- This article which was published in La Solidaridad on September
15, 1889. This was Rizal’s reply on the attacks of the article entitled “Old Truths”, published in
La Patria, which ridiculed the Filipinos who were then clamoring for reforms from Spanish
government. Rizal differentiated the term status quo and estate quo and later asked the government
for order, that it should have the power to power to control the friars and comply with statutes of
government orders.
*Filipinas Dentro de Cien Añoz (Philippines a Century Hence)- This article was published on
September 30’ 1890. In the article, Rizal estimated the future of a hundred years and foretold the
catastrophic end of Spanish rule in Asia. He ‘prophesied’ Filipinos’ revolution against Spain,
winning their independence, but later the Americans would come as the new colonizer

The essay also talked about the glorious past of the Philippines, recounted the deterioration of the
economy, and exposed the causes of natives’ sufferings under the cruel Spanish rule. In the essay,
he cautioned the Spain as regards the imminent downfall of its domination. He awakened the minds
and the hearts of the Filipinos concerning the oppression of the Spaniards and encouraged them to
fight for their right.

Part of the essays reads, “History does not record in its annals any lasting domination by one people
over another, of different races, of diverse usages and customs, of opposite and divergent ideas.
One of the two had to yield and succumb.” The Philippines had regained its long-awaited
democracy and liberty some years after Rizal’s death. This was the realization of what the hero
envisioned in this essay.

*To La Patria- This article was published in the La Solidaridad, dated November 15’ 1889. In
this article, Jose Rizal stated his insults to the newspaper that was funded by the friars in the
Philippines named La Patria. He corrects their grammars and challenges the writer to reveal his
identity.
*Llanto y Risas (Tears and Laughter)- It was published in La Solidaridad on November 30’
1889. This article is a denunciation of the racial prejudice of the Spanish against brown Filipinos.
Rizal remember that he earned first prize in a literary contest in 1880. He narrated nonetheless how
the Spaniard and mestizo spectators stopped their applaused upon noticing that the winner had a
brown skin complexion.
*Ingratitudes (Ingratitude)- It was also published in La Solidaridad, on January 15, 1890. This
article was Rizal’s reply to Governor General Weyler who told people while visiting Calamba that
they should not allow themselves to be deluded by the wvain promises of ungrateful sons. The
statement was made as a reaction to Rizal’s project of relocating the oppressed and landless
Calamba tenants to North Borneo.
 Chapter 12
Rizal in Brussels and Madrid

Rizal in Brussels
January 28, 1890 Rizal left Paris for Brussels. Brussels is the capital city of Belgium.
Two reasons why Rizal leave Paris:
1. The cost of living in Paris was very high because of the Universal Exposition.
2. The gay social life of the city hampered his literary works, especially the writing of his second
novel El Filibusterismo.

Rizal was busy writing his second novel which was a continuation of Noli. He was never idle even
for an hour.
Aside from writing its chapter he wrote articles for La Solidaridad and letters to his family and
friends.

Rizal composed a poem expressing his anguish, deep in his heart; the poem was entitled A
MI Musa ( To My Muse)
It was against a background of mental anguish in Brussels, during those sad days when he was
worried by family disasters, that he wrote pathetic poem, A Mi. This poem lacks the exquisitry of
to the flowers of Heidelberg and is less polished than to " The Filipino Youth" , but it is passionate
in feeling.
Rizal planned to go home. He could not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents, relatives
and friends in the distant Philippines were persecuted. In June of 1890, he wrote another letter to
Ponce in which he expresses his determination to go home.
But something happened that made Rizal to change his plan in returning to the Philippines when
he received a letter from Paciano. Rizal had no choice but to follow the advice of his elder brother
and confidant.

Rizal's Contributions' while in Brussels

Reply to Barrantes' Criticism of the Noli Me Tangere - This article was published in the La
Solidaridad in February 15, 1890.

Nameless - This article was published in the La Solidaridad in February 28, 1890, wherin Rizal
stated his bitterness to the unfair treatment of the Spanish government in the Philippines.
The Philippines at the Spanish Congress - An estate of land will be bought from the British
government in Borneo for Filipinos who intend to live and conduct farming in the area.
Cosas de Filipinos ( Philippine Affairs) - This article was dated April 30, 1890. He accused the
board of censors created by the Spanish government as nod.
Two Eastern Fables -This work.was published in the Trubner's record in July 1889. It was a
comparative study of the Japanese and Philippine folklore. In this essay, Jose Rizal compared the
Filipino fable, “ Tale of the Tortoise" and to the Japanese fable “Saru Kani Kassen” or (Battle of
the Monkey and the Crab).
Citing many similarities in form and content, Rizal surmised that these two fables may have had
the same roots in Malay folklore. This scholarly work received serious attention from other
ethnologists, and became a topic at an ethnological conference.
Among other things, Rizal noticed that both versions of the fable tackled about morality as both
involve the eternal battle between the weak and the powerful. The Filipino version however had
more philosophy and plainness of form whereas the Japanese counterpart had more civilization
and diplomacy.
Sobre La Nueva Ortografia De La Lengua Tagala” (On The New Orthography of The
Tagalog Language) - Rizal expressed here his advocacy of a new spelling in Tagalog. In this
article dated April 15, 1890, he laid down the rules of the new Tagalog orthography and, with
modesty and sincerity, gave the credit for the adoption of this new orthography.
“I put this on record,” wrote Rizal, “so that when the history of this orthography is traced, which
is already being adopted by the enlightened Tagalists.
Let Us Be Just - This article of Rizal which was published in the La Solidaridad dated April 15,
1890. He cited the immorality of the friars and Spanish land owners.
Una Esperanza ( A Hope) - In this article of Rizal dated July 15, 1890, he expressed hope after
the Spanish minister's party that was in favor of reforms for the Philippines, lost in the Spanish
congress.
Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinas” (The Indolence of the Filipinos) -
This logical essay is a proof of the national hero’s historical scholarship. The essay rationally
countered the accusations by Spaniards that Filipinos were indolent (lazy) during the Spanish
reign. It was published in La Solidaridad in five consecutive issues on July (15 and 31), August (1
and 31) and September 1, 1890.
Rizal argued that Filipinos are innately hardworking prior to the rule of the Spaniards. What
brought the decrease in the productive activities of the natives was actually the Spanish
colonization. Rizal explained the alleged Filipino indolence.
Moreover, Rizal explained that Filipinos were just wise in their level of work under topical climate.
He explained, “violent work is not a good thing in tropical countries as it is would be parallel to
death, destruction, annihilation. Rizal concluded that natives’ supposed indolence was an end-
product of the Spanish colonization. In addition, Rizal stated, that nature naturally made the land
fertile that a farmer does not nees to work hard the whole day to insure good harvest.
Rizal pointed two reasons why Filipinos lost their will to work:

First: Under the Spanish rule, Filipinos were engaged in defending the Catholic faith and Spanish
government in the country. He mentioned yhe battles of Filipinos against the attempts of the
Portuguese, Dutch, to conquer the country. Another is the attack of the Chinese Limahong and
Muslim raiders from Mindanao; sporadic insurrections and the group executions of Filipinos who
rebelled against the Spanist rule in the country. All these led to the decimation of the population

Second: Rizal blamed the abuses of the Spanish Encomienderos. Even the friars in our history
were inclined to defend their Filipino parishioners due to blatant tyranny of Spanish land owners,
depriving Filipinos of rights as Christians. The priests also encourage Filipinos to evade work
through their sermons because they categorically stated that the rich man would not go to heaven
and that all should work for the cause of the church. Rizal also added that further depletion of
laborers among Filipinos were forced to work in construction of Galleons, starting from the hauling
of logs to staffing the ships going to Acapulco, Mexico and back to the Philippines
RIZAL IN MADRID

After arriving in Madrid Spain on August 1890. Jose Rizal attended the Reunion and Festive
gathering of Filipinos in Madrid. Where an Incident between him and Antonio Luna .
The Incident was Luna has drunk and in disarray, he Stated Insulting words against Rizal and
Blaming him for his Failure to win the love of Nellie Bousted.
The Second Incident that provoked the anger of Rizal was Against Wenceslao E. Retana an
Intelligent Spanish Scholar.
Retana would be the first to Write the biography of Rizal and recognized his martyrdom.

On August 19, 1890 two Filipino compatriots of Rizal in Madrid died. They were Feliciano
Gonzales Timbang and Jose Maria Panganiban.
Rizal Was Close to Panganiban that he related to his friend, the last words of Panganiban " Which
was, his last words were of loving remembrance to his Idolized Fatherland, a heartfelt farewell to
the Philippines.

On May 1890, Rizal Was informed by the real Audiencia's Decision on Calamba Hacienda.
Rizal Received the information he feared. The End of September 1890 Rizal received a letter from
his sister Saturnina of the sad Events that over took their family in Calamba.
Rizal recounted the sad events in 1892, and signified his loss hope in Spain by expressing this
through a to Blumentrit, while He was in Hong Kong

While this incident affected Rizal's Loved family in the Philippines, he attempted to save his family
while in Europe Using Connections and friends help him. He was Desperate, that the attempted to
the help us Spanish politicians such as Don Manuel Becerra to no avail

It was like bad omen in Madrid, for Rizal in Early December 1890 received a letter from Leonor
Rivera his true and real love in the Philippines,
Rizal Conflicts with other compatriots never stopped while he was in Madrid.
The traditional new years celeb. And reunion of Filipino compatriots in December of 1890,
addressing the division of the Filipino colony in Madrid. Rizal called for unity.
Rizal's Break-up with Del Pilar

Rizal's conflict with other compatriots never stopped while he was in Madrid. In the traditional
New Year's celebrations and reunion of Filipino compatriots in December of 1890, addressing the
division of the Filipino colony in Madrid, Rizal called for unity. However, division was so strong
that resulted to an approval of a proposal by electing a leader who will represent the Propaganda
Movement. Compatriots of Rizal were divided to two factions, namely the Rizalista representing
Jose Rizal and the Pilarista, representing Marcelo H. Del Pilar. The Pilarista were one strong group
that Rizal's group would be hard to beat.

However, Antonio Luna sided with Rizal, with other loyal compatriots. In the election that ensued,
two inconclusive ballots were held. The next day Rizal walked out, but Del Pilar knowing the
importance of Rizal in the colony, instructed Mariano Ponce to convince some Pilarista supporters
to vote for Rizal. With this, Rizal was voted as the leader (responsible) of the Filipino colony in
Madrid.

On the part of Rizal, it was time for him to leave Madrid and stopped writing for the La Solidaridad
permanently, while preparing to publish his second novel entitled El Filibusterismo.

Rizal's Contribution in the La Solidaridad while in Madrid

Coboedo Venganza (Cowardly Revenge) - This article dated August 31, 1890, published by
Rizal, where he expressed his bitterness to how the Spanish government in the Philippines treated
his two brother in laws and his elder brother Paciano. He complained the arbitrary banishment
done to them by Spanish authorities through the provocation of the Dominican friars in Calamba.
Como Se Gobierna las Filipinas (How the Philippines is Governed)- Rizal explained that the
very Spanish government in Philippines from whom its officials who said that problems of all sorts
existed in the Philippines, were in fact these officials were the cause the problem. The friars
representing the Catholic Church who said that everything was well and wonderful, were in fact
the ones gaining from their corporations representing the Catholic Church. "The Filipinos in
general imputed the ills and wretchedness of their country". The article was published in the SOL
dated December 15, 1890.
F. PI. Y Margall:el Luchar Tiempo Nuestro ( F. P.I. Y Margall: The Struggle of Our Time)
- This was a book review of Rizal, about the book authored by F. P.I. Y. Margall, where he
presented a dialog on poverty, soul and the Catholic religion. The work was published in the SOL
dated November 15, 1890.
Rizal Masonic Speech In Madrid

Mesoneria (Masonry) A lecture prepared and read by Jose Rizal for the members of solidaridad
Lodge no. 53 in 1889 in Madrid, Rizal discussed on the fundamental foundations Masonry
(Science, Virtue and Labor). The following lines are excerpts from the lecture.:

Science
*You may ask what is science is found in masonic temple? science might have taken refuge in it
during barbarous epochs in order to erect the sublime architectural monuments of the past
centuries, just as the fine arts did in the quite and peaceful cloisters of the monasteries but today
science is free to open to all and certainly it is not to be sought in the weekly meetings of the lodges
but in the universities scientific centers and all the studies of learned men.

Virtue
*What virtue do we practice within this hall? perhaps in the bottoms of your heart your conscience
smile sadly as if disillusioned at the sound of this word seeing that even within these temples we
cannot restrain our passions perhaps you are right but before we going further let us see what we
understand by virtue because embodies an idea which is on the lips of everyone and not all
peoples agreed.

Labor
* With respect for the word Labor. do not smile when you think of what we do in our weekly
meetings of three hours most. True it is in the secular world machines with their moving arms of
steel and their powerful flywheels and eccentrics stir the air about them: true it is that immense
factories like active beehives employ the child the young man and woman the wife and the aged
in the production of thousands of articles necessary to life: true it is that labor makes all the
molecules and pores of the world vibrate with life, from the bowels of the dark where the miner
digs coal, a thousand times more useful than the prized diamond to the high peak of snow-clad
mountains which the locomotives scales breaking fire and dragging along thing beside that of the
driver who descends to the abyss of the seas, of the explorer who penetrates mysterious contiments
of the engineer who not contented with the free lanes of the oceans goes out to cut contiments
open canals plow through the air in search of new routes!

RIZAL IN BIATRIZZ AND BRUSSELS

* In February of 1891 before proceeding to Ghent Rizal took a one-month vacation at Biatriz,
France where he was received well by the boasted family Mr. Bousted like Rizal for his excellent
literary talents Rizal wrote to Mariano Ponce about his Biatriz vacation i have put on much weight
since i arrived here: my cheeks are no longer sunken as before for the reason that I go to bed early
and I have no cares Rizal also have romance with nelly bousted the younger daughter of Bousted
family. In late march he visits Paris and proceeded to Brussels in the house of Marry and Suzanne
Jacoby. In late May 1891 Rizal finished his El Filibusterismo in Brussels where he wrote Jose Ma.
Basa:

My work (El Filibusterismo) is ready to go to press. The first twenty chapters are already corrected
and can be printed and i am recopying the remainder. If i recieve money you will surely have it in
July. I write it with more ardor than the Noli and thought it is not cheerful at least it is more
profound and more project.

Rizal Published the El Filibusterismo in Ghent

Rizal Received the information he feared. The End of September 1890 Rizal received a letter from
his sister Saturnina of the sad Events that over took their family in Calamba.
Rizal Recounted the sad events in 1892, and signified his loss hope in Spain by expressing this
through a to Blumentrit, while He was in Hong Kong

*In early July 1891, Jose Rizal together with Jose Alejandrino and Edelberto Evangelista, left
Brussels and moved to Ghent, a place in Belgium.

*Where printing chapter Alejandriono and Evangelista enrolled studied in the famous university
of Ghent talking up course in the field of Engineering

Rizal suffered financial difficulties in publishing on his second novel that the amount of frugality
he implemented in himself was an insurmountable sacrifice. Jose Alejandrino recounted that Rizal
had to give up breakfast to reduce rents and limited himself to the biscuits for more than 10 days.

Though the following letters of Rizal Maria Basa in July 1891, Rizal expressed his financial
difficulties:
*I have pawned all i have in order to print this work and I will continue printing it as long as i can
and when I no longer have anything to pawn then.
*I have pawned all i have in order to print this work and I will continue printing it as long as i can
and when I no longer have anything to pawn then I will stop and I will return to your side (Hong
Kong)
*I’m tired of believing in our countrymen they all seem to have joined together to embitter my
life: they have been preventing my return promising to send me an allowance and after having
done in one month they have not remembered me again.
*Enclosed is the hill of lading of the four bases of book i am sending here there as I have already
told you the charges are payable there. if anything should happen to me all those books become
your property. in case my family does not pay you the amount i owe you, the books along are
worth 600 pesos.

Valentine Ventura Funds Rizal’s El Filibusterismo

Rizal was already desperate in resuming the printing of El Filibusterismo, when a compatriot from
Paris France learned about his financial problems. Valentine Ventura saved the El Filibusterismo.
His letters read:

* At this moment I received your letter of yesterday and without losing time I am answering it. so
that our can do what seems to you best, without thinking of the questions of funds
* Yesterday I sent you two hundred Frances and in the letter I wrote you I told you to let me know
if you needed more if you need it without having escort to anyone. precisely I am well of now with
funds that I do not need.
In the middle of September 1891 Rizal finally published the novel El Filibusterismo, which he
began writing in June 1887. He mentioned this in his letter to Mariano pons. the drafts of the novel
were written in different cities of Europe such us in London, Paris, Madrid, Biarritz and Brussels.
El Filibusterismo Synopsis

This novel was written in the nineteenth century by the Philippines' national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal,
then an expatriate in Europe waging a propaganda campaign against tyranny and oppression in his
native land. It is a sequel to his earlier work, Noli Me Tangere, a socio-political novel that depicted
the conditions in the Philippine Islands - a colony of Spain for three centuries - under the Spanish
yoke.
Simoun, a mysterious and powerful jeweler who is in good graces with the Captain General plots
a coup d'etat against the Spanish colonial government. He secretly abets the abuses committed
against the natives in the hope of stirring them to rise up in revolt. To weaken the regime, he
encourages corruption, using his immense wealth to foment injustice and provoke massive unrest.
Unknown to all, Simoun is Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, a man who had been wrongfully accused of
rebellion and condemned in a plot instigated by his enemies including a friar who had unchase
feelings for his fiancée, Maria Clara. Everybody thought Ibarra had been killed as a fugitive, but
in truth he had escaped, enriched himself abroad and has returned to the Islands to average himself.
He plans to take Maria Clara who, believing Ibarra is dead, had entered the convent. In the course
of his plans, Simoun comes into contact with young idealistic Filipinos whom he wants to enlist
to his cause. One of these is Basilio, one of the few who know his secret. He had been adopted by
Kapitan Tiyago, a wealthy landowner and father of Maria Clara. Basilio is about to graduate as
doctor of medicine and plans to marry Juli, his childhood sweetheart. Juli is the daughter of
Kabesang Tales, a homesteader who had been dispossessed of his land by the friars. Turned outlaw,
Kabesang Tales and other victim of injustice have been enlisted by Simoun in his plan to over
throw the government. Another student, Isagani, dreams a progressive future for his country but
his fiancée, Paulita, who shares his Aunt Doña Victorina's prejudices against the natives, is not
interested in them. Simoun's plot is aborted when he learns that Maria Clara had died at the
convent. Student leaders who have been advocating the opening of an academy for the teaching of
the Spanish language hold a party where they lampoon the friars. The next day, posters are found
encouraging sedition, and those suspected of involvement are arrested, including Basilio. His
foster father having died, nobody intercedes for him, while the rich and influential are released.
Meanwhile, Juli is killed in the church after she had sought the help of the parish priest for the
release of Basilio. Due to this tragedy, her grandfather, Tandang Selo, joins the outlaws.
Embittered by Maria Clara's death, Simoun plans another coup to be staged at the wedding
reception for Paulita, who has been engaged to another man: top government officials including
the Captain general who are to attend would be blown away, the house being planted with
explosives which will be detonated by a device hidden in the lamp given as gift by Simoun to the
newlyweds. Basilio, who has been released and now wants to take revenge, is ordered by Simoun
to lead in the uprising. At the appointed hour, the guest is terrified upon reading a note signed by
Juan Crisostomo Ibarra; his signature is recognised by Father Salvi, the friar who lusted after Maria
Clara. Before the lamp could explode, Isagani, who has been warned by Basilio about the plot,
barges in and throws the lamp into the river. Isagani escapes. The uprising again fails to take off,
and the armed followers of Simoun, deprived of leadership or devoid odmf vision, resort to
banditry. The lawlessness that reigns in the countryside lead to harsh measures by the goverment
in its efforts to show it is in control. The plot at the wedding is finally traced to Simoun who
escapes into a house near the ocean. After taking poison, he confesses to father Florentio, a Filipino
priest, who tells him: "What is the use of independence if the slaves of today will be the tyrants of
tomorrow?" After the death of Simoun, Father Florention throws his treasure into the sea.

This novel, together with the Noli Me Tangere, is said to have sparked the revolutuon against Spain
in 1896. In it, Rizal presented the dilemma faced by the country as the people groaned under the
foreign oppresor: to revolt would only lead to a change of masters, while to do nothing would keep
the nation enslaved for generatuons. Rizal proppses a better way, through Father when they shall
have reached that stage where they would be willing to die for their principles, God Himself will
supply the weapon, and "liberty will shine like the first dawn" .

Characteristics of the El Filibustirismo

Simoun- Simoun is originally Ibarra, a character thought to have died at the end of Noli Me
Tangere, which took place thirteen years ago. He had come back from Europe to marry Maria
Clara. But after the events of Noli Me Tangere, Ibarra had to fake his death. After that, he swore
to get revenge on his enemies. He dug up the family wealth in a forest and went abroad.
Maria Clara- She never had Simoun in her life, and after all the sufferings and pains, she never
had gone through for 13 years; Maria Clara in the novel finally died in the runnery.
Basilio- is the son of Sisa and Pedro, and the older brother of Crispin. He is the only remaining
member of his family due to the turn of events thirteen years ago. In Noli Me Tangere, his brother
was tortured until death by the Head Sacristan, his mother gone crazy and his father died after
joining the rebellion.
Isagani- is the son of Sisa and Pedro, and the older brother of Crispin. He is the only remaining
member of his family due to the turn of events thirteen years ago. In Noli Me Tangere, his brother
was tortured until death by the Head Sacristan, his mother gone crazy and his father died after
joining the rebellion.
Paulita Gomez- Paulita Gomez resides in Manila, having lived there since birth. She is well-
known as a rich heiress, the niece of Dona Victorina and the girlfriend of Isagani. Her parents died
when she was young, making her an orphan who was raised instead by her aunt. Because her
family was always very wealthy, she had a sheltered upbringing and was used to having servants
and slaves. She is said to be well-educated, although in El Filibusterismo (El Fili) she is never seen
going to school. Therefore, she might have been taught at home. Paulita Gomez is almost always
seen with her aunt Dona Victorina, even when she is out with a friend or with Isagani.
Cabesang Tales- Represented the tenants of Calamba: he was stripped of his land by the friars,
disillusioned , he became an outlaw to attain personal revenged. Her daughter Juli the love of
Basilio, committed suicide to her honor against the Catholic Priest Fr. Camorra.
School Master- He disobeyed the orders of the friars and taught Spanish to his students; later he
was jailed and freed from the influence of Simoun on whom he will give his loyalty by supporting
his plan of revolt.
Reaction of Rizal's Compatriots to the El Filibusterismo

In a letter dated October 2, 1891. Graciano Lopez Jaena stated:

-El Filibusterismo is a superior novel to your Noli Me Tangere in its exquisite, delicate literary
style, its easy and correct dialogue, its clean, vigorous and elegant phraseology as much as for its
profound ideas and sublime thoughts.

Mariano Ponce stated in his letter dated October 11, 1891

-It is a truly excellent; I cannot find any other praise. It is a very worth sister of Noli.

Rizal proceeded to Hong Kong

After publishing the El Filibusterismo, Rizal was determined to proceed to Hong Kong and there
unite with his family, before he faces his enemies in the Philippines. On October 18, 1891, Rizal
left Europe where he said the following words. "Well! We close the last page of the book of
Europe, Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Austria, England, goodbye." He
also left this message to his compatriots in Europe through a letter:
If a countrymen are counting on us here in Europe they are very much mistaken. I do not want to
deceive anyone. If there is no money, we cannot do much: We can help them with our life in our
country. That general error that we help here in this distant country is very, very, wrong. Medicine
should be brought near to the patient. If I did not only wish to shorten my parent's lives. I would
not have left the Philippines what ever might happen. The battlefield in the Philippines; there is
where we should meet.

The letter of Rizal to his compatriots showed him to be a radical, who was advocating actions that
bore the line of a revolutionist.