Case Study

Site Of The First Mass
I. Introduction
The historian tells that the first Mass held in Masau in Butuan City. Some had conclusion
that the first mass was celebrated in Limasawa in Southern Leyte.
According to the historian the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31,
1521, Eastern Sunday in Limasawa at the tip of Southern Leyte, It was said by Father Pedro
De Valderrama along the shores of what was referred in the journals of Antonio Pigaffeta.
However, the start of Christianity in the Philippines is a controversy because some historian
are actually pushing for the recognition of Masau in Butuan City as the real site.
II. Claim 1 : First Mass in Limasawa
The commission concluded that the First Mass was held in Limasawa after it found that
the most complete and reliable account of the Magellan expedition into Philippine shores in
1521 is that of Antonio Pigaffeta which is deemed as the only credible primary source of
reports on the celebration of the First Christian Mass on Philippine soil. James Robertson’s
English translation of the original Italian manuscript of Pigaffeta’s account is most reliable for
being “faithful” to the original text as duly certified by the University of the Philippines’
Department of European Language. Pigaffeta’s Mazaua, the site of the First Christian Mass
held on Philippine soil, is an island lying of the southwestern tip of Leyte while Masau in
Butuan is not an Island but a Barangay of Butuan City located in a delta of the Agusan River
along the coast of Northern Mindanao. The position of Mazaua, as plotted by Pigafetta,
matched that of Limasawa.
III. Claim 2 : First Mass in Butuan
The event that marked the birth of Christianity in the Philippines 485 years ago is still
under dispute, with this city renewing its claim that the historic first Mass celebrated by
Spanish colonizers was held here and not in Limasawa, Leyte. Local executives and Church
officials as well as historians here said they have new scientific evidence to substantiate the
re-filing of a petition before the National Historical Institute (NHI) asserting that Butuan City
particularly Mazzaua Island, now Barangay Pinamangculan was the official site of the first
Mass on Easter Sunday in 1521. Among the pieces of evidence are 10 1,600-year-old
Balahanghai boats believed to have been used for trade and to transport people for worship
services.
IV. Stand
Based on our observation the accounts of Site of the First Mass and our stand is in the
Butuan City because they claimed that Butuan City is the real site where that First Mass start
and because of the evidence of the small boat which is Balanghai is located here.
CAVITE MUTINY
I. Introduction
We didn’t know what is the real happened in the Cavite Mutiny and how Filipino’s fight for
our country but according to our research the Cavite Mutiny (Jan. 20, 1872), brief uprising of
200 Filipino troops and workers at the Cavite arsenal, which became the excuse for Spanish
repression of the embryonic Philippine nationalist movement. Ironically, the harsh reaction of
the Spanish authorities served ultimately to promote the nationalist cause.
II. Claim 1: Spaniard’s version of the Cavite Mutiny 1872
The primary cause of the mutiny is believed to be an order from Governor-General

Rafael de Izquierdo to subject the soldiers of the Engineering and Artillery Corps to personal
taxes, from which they were previously exempt. The taxes required them to pay a monetary
sum as well as to perform forced labor called, polo y servicio. The mutiny was sparked on
January 20, when the laborers received their pay and realized the taxes as well as the falla,
the fine one paid to be exempt from forced labor, had been deducted from their salaries. The
battle in the Cavite, their leader was Fernando La Madrid, a meztiso sergeant with his
second in command Jaerel Brent Senior, a moreno. They seized Fort San Felipe and killed
eleven Spanish officers. The mutineers thought that fellow Filipino indigenous soldiers
in manila would join them in a concerted uprising, the signal being the firing of rockets from
the city walls on that night. Unfortunately, what they thought to be the signal was actually a
burst of fireworks in celebration of the feast of Our Lady of Loreto, the patron of Sampaloc.
The plan was to set fires in Tondo in order to distract the authorities while the artillery
regiment and infantry in Manila could take control of Fort Santiago and use cannon shots as
signals to Cavite. All Spaniards were to be killed, except for the women. News of the mutiny
reached Manila, supposedly through the lover of a Spanish sergeant, who then informed his
superiors, and the Spanish authorities feared for a massive Filipino uprising. The next day, a
regiment led by General Felipe Ginovés besieged the fort until the mutineers surrendered.
Ginovés then ordered his troops to fire at those who surrendered, including La Madrid. The
rebels were formed in a line, when Colonel Sabas asked who would not cry out, "Viva
España", and shot the one man who stepped forward.
III. Claim 2: Filipino Version of the Cavite Mutiny

When the Archbishop of Manila, Rev. Meliton Martinez, refused to cooperate and defrock
the priests, the Spanish court-martial on February 15 went ahead and maliciously found
Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora guilty of treason for instigating the Cavite mutiny. Two
days later, the three priests were put to death by garrotte in Bagumbayan, now known as
Luneta. (Garrote was a barbaric Spanish method of execution in which an iron collar was
tightened around the prisoner’s neck until death occurred.) The three priests were stripped of
their albs, and with chained hands and feet were brought to their cells after their sentence.
They received numerous visits from folks coming from Cavite, Bulacan, and elsewhere. Forty
thousand Filipinos came to Luneta to witness and quietly condemn the execution, and
Gomburza became a rallying catchword for the down-trodden Filipinos seeking justice and
freedom from Spain.
IV. Claim 3: Report of Governor Izquierdo on the Cavite Mutiny of 1872
One hundred and forty years ago, on January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino military
personnel of Fort San Felipe Arsenal in Cavite, Philippines, staged a mutiny which in a way led
to the Philippine Revolution in 1896. The 1872 Cavite Mutiny was precipitated by the removal of
long-standing personal benefits to the workers such as tax (tribute) and forced labor
exemptions on order from the Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo. Izquierdo replaced
Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre some months before in 1871 and immediately
rescinded Torre’s liberal measures and imposed his iron-fist rule. He was opposed to any hint
of reformist or nationalistic movements in the Philippines. He was in office for less than two
years, but he will be remembered for his cruelty to the Filipinos and the barbaric execution of
the three martyr-priests blamed for the mutiny: Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and
Jacinto Zamora, later collectively called “Gomburza.”
V. Stand
Based on our observation according to our research about Cavite Mutiny our stand is in
the Spaniards version according to the accounts of the two, on 20 January 1872, the district of
Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the Virgin of Loreto, unfortunately participants to the feast
celebrated the occasion with the usual firework displays. Allegedly, those in Cavite mistook the
fireworks as the sign for the attack, and just like what was agreed upon, the 200 men contigent
headed by Sergeant Lamadrid launched an attack targeting Spanish officers at sight and seized
the arsenal. The “revolution” as easily crushed when the expected reinforcement from Manila
did not come ashore.
CRY OF BALINTAWAK OR PUGAD LAWIN
I. Introduction
There are different versions on the dates for first cry of the revolution as well as its venue. This
controversy up to this time remains unsolved. It is believed that the so called Cry took place in
Balintawak, but others would say that it really happened in Pugad Lawin. Never the less there
are different versions to consider in knowing the real date and place of the cry. These include
Pio Valenzuela’s controversial “Cry of Pugad Lawin”, Santiago Alvarez’s the “Cry of Bahay
Toro”, Gregoria de Jesus’ version of the “First Cry”, and Guillermo Masangkay’s “The Cry of
Balintawak”.
II.Claim 1: Cry of Pugad Lawin

This controversial version of the “Cry of Pugad Lawin” has been authorized by no
other than Dr. Pio Valenzuela, who happened to be the eyewitness himself of the event. In
his first version, he told that the prime staging point of the Cry was in the Balintawak on
Wednesday of August 26, 1896. He held this account hen the happening or the events are
still vivid in his memory. On the other hand, later in his life and with a fading memory, he
wrote his Memoirs of the Revoution without consulting the written documents of th Philippine
revolution and claimed that the “Cry” took place at Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.
According to his account, the first place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto,
Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Aguedodel Rosario, and mysef was Balintawak, the first
five arriving there on August 19 and I, on August 20, 1896. The first place were some 500
members of the Katipunan met on August 22, 1896, was the house and yard of Apolonio
Samson at Kangkong. Aside from the persons mentioned above, among those who were
there were Briccio Pantas, Alejandro Santiago, Ramon Benanrdo, Apolonio Samson and the
others. Here, views were only exchanged, and no resolution was debated or adopted. It was
at Pugad Lawin, in the house, store-house,and yard of Juan Ramos, son of Mechora Aquino,
where over 1,000 members of the Katipunan met and carried out considerable debate and
discussion on August 23, 1896.
III.Claim 2: “Cry of Bahay Toro”

This version of the “Cry” was written by Santiago Alvarez, wel knon as katipunero
from cavite and a son of Mariano Alvarez. Santiago is a relative of Gredoria de Jesus, who
happened to be the wife of Andres Bonifacio. Unlike the author of the first version mentioned
(Valenzuela), Santiago Alvarez is not an eyewitness of the event.
According to her account Sunday August 23, 1896 at the barn of Kabesang Melchora
Aquino at the place called Sampalukan, barrio of Bahay Toro, Katipuneros met together.
About 500 this arrived, ready and eager to join the “Supremo” Andres Bonifacio and his men.
On August 24 1896 The “Supremo” decided to hold a meeting inside the big barn.
IV.Claim 3:”The First Cry”

This version written by no other than that the “Lakambini of the Katipunan” and wife
of Andes Bonifacio, Gregoria de Jesus. She has been a participant of this event and became
the keeper of the secret documents of the Katipunan. After the revolution in August 1896,
she lived with her parents in Caloocan then fled to Manila when she was told that Spanish
authorities wanted to arrest her. Eventually, she joined her husband in the mountains and
shared adversities with him. In her account, the first “Cry” happened near in Caloocan on
August 25, 1896.
V. Claim 4: “The Cry of Balintawak”
This Version is written by the Katipunan General Guilermo Masangkay. He is an
eyewitness of the historic event and a childhood friend of Andres Bonifacio. According to
him, the first rally of the Philipine Revolution happened on August 26, 1896 at Balintawak.
Correspondingly, the date and site presented were accepted by the preliminary years of
American government.
VI. Stand
Based on our observation, our stand is in the Cry of Balintawak by Guillermo
Masangkay because the detail of his account was cleared.
Case Study
BSE-1
Submitted to: Mr. John Mark Diaz Bugarin

Submitted by: Bungag,April Joy T.
Datuin, Irish B.

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Site Of The First Mass

II. Claim 1 : First Mass in Limasawa

III. Claim 2 : First Mass in Butuan

II. Claim 1: Spaniard’s version of the Cavite Mutiny 1872

The primary cause of the mutiny is believed to be an order from Governor-General

III. Claim 2: Filipino Version of the Cavite Mutiny

II.Claim 1: Cry of Pugad Lawin

III.Claim 2: “Cry of Bahay Toro”

IV.Claim 3:”The First Cry”

Submitted to: Mr. John Mark Diaz Bugarin

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