o

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 Skeletal system
Choose only one correct answer:
1. The axial skeleton is formed of the following bones EXCEPT:
a. Vertebral column.
b. Femur.
c. Skull.
d. Sternum.

2. The following bone belongs to the axial skeleton:

a. Scapula.
b. Humerus.
c. Sternum.
d. Femur.
e. Patella.

3. Regarding vertebral column all of the following are correct EXCEPT:

a. Thoracic vertebrae are 7 in number.
b. It belongs to the axial skeleton.
c. Sacral vertebrae are fused.
d. Cervical vertebrae are smaller in size compared with lumbar vertebrae.

6. The bones which from the shoulder girdle are:

a. Radius and humerus.
b. Clavicle and humerus.
c. Clavicle and scapula.
d. Sternum and clavicle.

7. Pelvic girdle is formed of:

a. Hip bone.
b. Hip bone and femur.
c. Sacrum, hip bone and femur.
d. Sacrum.

8. The following are bones of the upper limb EXCEPT:

a. Patella.
b. Humerus.
c. Scapula.
d. Radius.

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9. The scapula is an example of:
a. Long bone.
b. Irregular bone.
c. Flat bone.
d. Short bone.

10. All of the following are correct regarding the bones EXCEPT:
a. The tibia is an example of long bone.
b. The skull has some bones which are pneumatic.
c. The patella is an example of sesamoid bone.
d. The vertebrae are an example of flat bone.

11. The following is an example of sesamoid bone:

a. Scapula.
b. Humerus.
c. Patella.
d. Femur.
e. Fibula.

12. The following is an example of pneumatic bone:

a. Humerus.
b. Tibia.
c. Skull.
d. Sternum.

13. concerning the bones, all the following are true EXCEPT:
a. Long bones of the limbs are developed by membranous ossification.
b. A sesamoid bone is a small bone nodule inside in the tendon.
c. Growth which takes place in the epiphyseal plate is responsible for the increase in the length of
the bone.
d. Epiphysis is the center of ossification in long bones.

Answer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
b c a b c c a
8 9 10 11 12 13
a c d c c a

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 II. Joints
Choose only one correct answer:
1. All the followings are types of fibrous joint EXCEPT:
a. Suture.
b. Gomphosis.
c. Syndesmosis.
d. Pivot.

2. The following is a fibrous joint in which the bone edges are serrated and separated by minimal
amount of fibrous tissue:
a. Syndesmosis.
b. Suture.
c. Gomphosis.
d. Secondary cartilagenous joint.

3. The intervertebral disc is:

a. Primary cartilagenous joint.
b. Secondary cartilagenous joint.
c. Fibrous joint.
d. Synovial joint.

4. Characters of synovial joints are the following EXCEPT:

a. The articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage.
b. The articular surfaces are connected by fibrous tissue.
c. There is a synovial fluid in the joint cavity.
d. It may be simple or compound.

5. Examples of synovial joints are the following EXCEPT:

a. Wrist joint.
b. Knee joint.
c. Elbow joint.
d. Pivot joint.
e. Gomphosis.

6. Concerning the synovial joints, the following are correct EXCEPT:

a. The articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage.
b. The joint is surrounding by a capsule.
c. It contains extra capsular and/or intracapsular ligaments.
d. Separated from the surrounding tendons by bursae.
e. Also, the articular surfaces are covered by synovial membrane.

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7. Regarding the synovial joints, the following are correct EXCEPT:
a. The stability of a joint depends in part on the shape of the articular surfaces.
b. The capsule and ligaments are devoid of sensory nerve supply.
c. Occasionally, the cavity of a bursa may communicate with the cavity of the synovial joint.
d. The joint cavity contains minimal amount of synovial fluid.

8. The following are synovial joints EXCEPT:

a. Hip joint.
b. Inferior tibiofibular joint.
c. Inferior radio ulnar joint.
d. Wrist joint.
e. Elbow joint.

9. Shoulder joint and hip joint are:

a. Synovial joints.
b. Fibrous joints.
c. Primary cartilaginous joints.
d. Secondary cartilaginous joints.

10. The hip joint is:

a. Biaxial synovial joint.
b. Ball and socket synovial joint.
c. Pivot synovial joint.
d. Hing synovial joint.

11. The elbow joint is an example of:

a. Biaxial ellipsoid synovial joint.
b. Ball and socket synovial joint.
c. Uniaxial pivot synovial joint.
d. Uniaxial hing synovial joint.

12. All of the following are correct about the joints EXCEPT:
a. The inferior tibiofibular joint is an example of fibrous joint.
b. The secondary cartilaginous joints are present in the midline.
c. The elbow joint is hinge synovial joint.
d. The first carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb is pivot joint.

13. The following are true regarding joints EXCEPT:

a. Synovial joint contains fluid.
b. Sutures between skull bones are example of fibrous joint.
c. Secondary cartilagenous joint disappears by age.
d. Syndesmosis is present between the lower ends of tibia and fibula.

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 Answer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
d b b b e e b
8 9 10 11 12 13
b a b d d c

III. Muscular system

Choose only one correct answer:
1. All of the following are correct regarding the muscles EXCEPT:
a. The smooth muscles are present in the wall of the blood vessels.
b. The skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton.
c. The cardiac muscle is present only in the heart.
d. The cardiac muscle is supplied by somatic nerves.

2. Skeletal muscles have the following characters EXCEPT:

a. Striated.
b. Involuntary.
c. Have peripheral nuclei.
d. No branching.

3. The following muscles are involuntary EXCEPT:

a. GIT muscles.
b. Ureter.
c. Biceps.
d. Muscles of respiratory tract.

Answer
1 2 3
d b c

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 IV. Digestive System

 Choose only one correct answer:

1. The stomach is situated in:
a. Epigastric, right hypochondrial, and umbilical regions.
b. Hypogastric, right hypochondrial, and umbilical regions.
c. Epigastric, left hypochondrial, and umbilical regions.
d. Hypogastric, left hypochondrial, and umbilical regions.

2. All of the following structures are posterior to the stomach (stomach bed) EXCEPT:
a. Left kidney.
b. Pancreas.
c. Transverse colon.
d. Liver.

3. The first part of the small intestine is called:

a. Ileum.
b. Jejunum.
c. Duodenum.
d. Appendix.

4. The membrane which surrounds the intestine is called:

a. Synovial membrane.
b. Pleura.
c. Peritoneum.
d. Pericardium.

5. The duodenum is divided into:

a. Two parts.
b. Three parts.
c. Four parts.
d. One parts.

6. The part of the intestine which contains Peyer's patches is:

a. Duodenum.
b. Sigmoid colon.
c. Ileum.
d. Appendix.
e. Descending colon.

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7. The jejunum and ileum can be differentiated on the basis of the following anatomic features
EXCEPT:
a. Numerous (four to five) arterial arcades are associated with the jejunum.
b. The plicae circulares are much more prominent in the jejunum than in the ileum.
c. Fat depositions are generally present throughout the mesentery associated with the ileum.
d. The jejunum is generally located in the upper left region of the abdominal cavity.
e. Peyer's patches are characteristic of the lower ileum and may be visible on the surface.

8. The first part of the large intestine is:

a. Rectum.
b. Anal canal.
c. Caecum.
d. Ilium.

9. The following are parts of large intestine EXCEPT:

a. Appendix.
b. Caecum.
c. Ilium
d. Rectum.
e. Sigmoid.

10. MC Burrny’s point is the surface anatomy of:

a. Caecum.
b. Vermiform appendix.
c. Ileum.
d. Pylorus.
e. Fundus of gall bladder.

11. Which of the following lobes of the liver lies between the gall-bladder fossa and the fissure for
ligamentum teres?
a. Left.
b. Right.
c. Caudate.
d. Quadrate.
e. None of the above.

12. The porta hepatis (hilum of the liver) contains:

a. Cystic duct.
b. Hepatic vein.
c. Portal vein.
d. Inferior vena cava.
e. Common bile duct.

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 Answer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c d c c c c a c c b
11 12
d c

V. Respiratory system
 Choose only one correct answer:
1. The right lung is characterized by the presence of one of the following:
a. Has a cardiac notch in the anterior border.
b. Has a lingula in the anterior border.
c. Consists of three lobes.
d. Lighter than the left.
e. None of the above.

2. The left lung is characterized by the presence of the following EXCEPT:

a. Has one fissure.
b. Has a cardiac notch.
c. Has a lingula.
d. Consists of three lobes.
e. Smaller than the right one.

3. Concerning the lungs, all are true EXCEPT:

a. The right lung is wide and short.
b. The base of the right lung is more concave.
c. The anterior border of the right lung contains cardiac notch.
d. The hilum of the left lung presents one bronchus.

4. Concerning the left lung, all are true EXCEPT:

a. It is longer than the right lung.
b. It is formed of 2 lobes.
c. Has a cardiac notch at its anterior border.
d. Has its base more concave than the right lung
e. It contains an oblique fissure.

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5. The right lung is formed of:
a. One lobe.
b. Two lobes.
c. Three lobes.
d. Four lobes.
e. Five lobes.

6. Regarding the main bronchi, the following are correct EXCEPT:

a. The inhaled foreign body tends to enter the right lung.
b. The anterior border of the left lung presents cardiac notch.
c. The right lung is wide and short.
d. The hilum of the left lung presents two bronchi.

7. Regarding the main bronchi, the following are correct EXCEPT:

a. The left main bronchus is more or less horizontal.
b. The right main bronchus divides before it enters into the lung.
c. The left main bronchus is longer.
d. The right bronchus is narrower.

8. The left bronchus is:

a. Longer than the right one.
b. It lies in line with the trachea.
c. It branches before entering the lung.
d. Foreign bodies usually enter it more than the right one.

9. The membrane covering the lung is called:

a. Pleura.
b. Pericardium.
c. Peritoneum.
d. Dura matter.

Answer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
c d c d c d d a a

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 VI. Cardiovascular System

 Choose only one correct answer:

1. The sternocostal surface of the heart is formed mainly from:
a. Left ventricle.
b. Right ventricle.
c. Right ventricle.
d. Left atrium.

2. The apex of the heart is formed of:

a. Right atrium.
b. Right ventricle.
c. Left ventricle.
d. Left atrium.

3. The apex of the heart is present in:

a. 3rd intercostal space.
b. 7th intercostal space.
c. 5th intercostal space.
d. 4th intercostal space.
e. 2nd intercostal space.

4. Regarding the heart, all of the following are correct EXCEPT:

a. It is surrounded by a membrane called pericardium.
b. Its apex is formed completely by the right ventricle.
c. Superior and inferior vena cava collect non-oxygenated blood into the right atrium.
d. The mitral valve lies between left atrium and left ventricle.

5. The right atrium receives the following veins:

a. SVC.
b. IVC.
c. a + b.
d. SVC+ IVC +Coronary sinus.

6. The right surface of the heart is formed of:

a. Right and left atria.
b. Left ventricle.
c. Right atrium and right ventricle.
d. Right atrium.

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7. The mitral orifice is present between:
a. Right and left atria.
b. Right and left ventricles.
c. Right atrium and right ventricle.
d. Left atrium and left ventricle.

9. The pulmonary trunk receives blood from:

a. Right atrium.
b. Right ventricle.
c. Left atrium.
d. Left ventricle.

10. Regarding the heart, all the following are correct EXCEPT:
a. Surrounded by a membrane called pericardium.
b. The apex is formed completely by the right atrium.
c. The superior and inferior vena cava collects venous blood to the right atrium.
d. Tricuspid valve lies between right atrium and right ventricle.

11. Regarding the blood supply of the heart, all the following are correct EXCEPT:
a. The right and left coronary arteries arise from the arch of aorta.
b. The posterior interventricular artery arises from the right coronary artery.
c. The circumflex artery arises from the left coronary artery.
d. The coronary sinus receives most of the venous return of the heart.

12. Regarding the coronary arteries, all the following are correct:
a. The right and left coronary arteries arise from the arch of aorta.
b. The right coronary artery gives marginal branch.
c. The circumflex branch anastomosis with the right coronary artery.
d. The left coronary artery gives a circumflex branch.
e. The right coronary artery gives anterior interventricular artery.

13. The branches of the right coronary artery are:

a. Marginal artery.
b. Marginal and anterior circumflex artery.
c. Circumflex artery.
d. Posterior interventricular and marginal artery.

14. All the following are tributaries of the coronary sinus EXCEPT:
a. Small cardiac vein.
b. Great cardiac vein.
c. Middle cardiac vein.
d. Pulmonary veins.

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15. The following are sites of anastomosis between portal and systemic circulation EXCEPT:
a. At the umbilicus.
b. In the lung.
c. At the lower end of anal canal.
d. At the lower end of esophagus.

16. The systemic circulation starts from:

a. Right ventricle.
b. Left ventricle.
c. Right atrium.
d. Left atrium.

17. The aorta receives blood from:

a. Right atrium.
b. Right ventricle.
c. Left ventricle.
d. Left atrium.
e. Pulmonary trunk.

18. The following are correct regarding the splenic vein EXCEPT:
a. It is a part of the portal system.
b. It begins at the spleen.
c. Unites with inferior mesenteric vein behind the neck of pancreas to from the portal vein.
d. It drains the spleen and pancreas.

Answer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b c c b d d d d b b
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
a e d d b b c c

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 VII. Urinary System
 choose only one correct answer:
1. The urinary system consists of the following parts EXCEPT:
a. Two kidneys.
b. Two urinary bladders.
c. Urethra.
d. Two ureters.

2. The following structures lie in front of the right kidney EXCEPT:

a. Right lobe of the liver.
b. Second part of the duodenum.
c. Right colic flexure.
d. Coils (loops) of the small intestine.
e. Head of the pancreas.

3. The anterior surface of the left kidney is related to the following structures EXCEPT:
a. Splenic vessels.
b. Pancreas.
c. Descending colon.
d. Stomach.
e. Left colic flexure.

4. The part of the urinary bladder which is covered by peritoneum in male and female is:
a. Superior surface.
b. Infero-lateral surface.
c. Neck.
d. Base.
e. Apex.

5. Inflammation of the urinary bladder (cystitis) is more common in females because:

a. The urethra is narrow.
b. The urethra is long.
c. The urethra is short and wide.
d. The urethra is long and narrow.

6. Urine retention in old age is most probably due to:

a. Enlargement of the vas deferens.
b. Enlargement of urinary bladder.
c. Enlargement of the prostate.
d. Enlargement of vas deferens.

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7. The narrowest part of the male urethra is:
a. Membranous part.
b. Prostatic part.
c. Penile part.
d. None of the above.

8. Concerning the female urethra, all are true EXCEPT:

a. Approximately 4 cm in length.
b. Liable to infection.
c. Related to the anterior wall of the vagina.
d. Opens into the vestibule above the clitoris.

9. Concerning the male urethra, all are true EXCEPT:

a. 20 cm in length.
b. Has a wide and narrow part.
c. Straight.
d. Has prostatic part.
e. Has pineal part.

10. The abdominal cavity of an adult contains all of the following ECXPET:
a. Pancreas.
b. Liver.
c. Stomach.
d. Gall bladder.
e. Urinary bladder.

Answer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

b e e a c c a d c e

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 VIII. Genital System
1. Male Genital system
 Choose only one correct answer:
1. The following are parts of the male reproductive system EXCEPT:
a. Vas deferens.
b. Testis.
c. Seminal vesicle.
d. Ureter.
e. Epididymis.

2. The internal reproductive organs of male include all the following EXCEPT:
a. Testis.
b. Scrotum.
c. Epididymis.
d. Vas deferens.

3. The middle lobe of the prostate is the part which lies between:
a. Ejaculatory ducts and rectum.
b. Pubis and rectum.
c. Ejaculatory ducts and prostatic urethra.
d. Pubis and prostatic urethra.
e. Rectum and urethra.

4. The ejaculatory duct opens into:

a. Seminal vesicle.
b. Penile urethra.
c. Vas deferens.
d. Prostatic urethra.

5. The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of:

a. Prostatic urethra and vas deferens.
b. Duct of seminal vesicle and ureter.
c. Vas deferens and duct of seminal vesicle.
d. Penile urethra and vas deferens.

6. The following are parts of the epididymis EXCEPT:

a. Head.
b. Neck.
c. Body.
d. Tail.

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7. The following statements concerning the epididymis are correct EXCEPT:
a. Each has head, body, and tail.
b. Each lies anterior to the testis.
c. Each is made up of a coiled tube.
d. The vas deferens emerges from the tail.
e. Its function is storage for the spermatozoa prior to ejaculation.

Answer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
d b c d c b b

2. Female Genital System

1. The following are parts of the female genital system EXCEPT:
a. Uterus.
b. Vagina.
c. Ovary.
d. Urethra.

2. In most women, the anatomic position of the uterus when the bladder is empty is:
a. Retroverted.
b. Anteverted.
c. Anteflexed.
d. Anteverted and anteflexed.
e. Retroflexed.

3. Douglas pouch is related anteriorly to:

a. Anterior fornix of vagina.
b. Right lateral fornix.
c. Left lateral fornx.
d. Posterior fornix of vagina.

4. The fallopian tube is formed of the following parts EXCEPT:

a. Ampulla.
b. Cervix.
c. Intramural part.
d. Infundibulum.
e. Isthmus.

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 Answer

1 2 3 4
d d d b

IX. Endocrine System

 Choose only one correct answer:
1. The following are endocrine glands EXCEPT:
a. Pituitary.
b. Thyroid.
c. Spleen.
d. Pancreas.
e. Testis.

2. The following are true as regard endocrine glands EXCEPT:

a. Their secretions pass through duct system.
b. Pituitary gland lies at the base of the brain.
c. There are two suprarenal glands.
d. The ovary is an example of endocrine gland.

Answer
1. c
2. a

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 IX. Lymphatic System
 Choose only one correct answer:
1. All of the following are correct regarding the lymphatic system EXCEPT:
a. The thoracic duct drains the upper right quadrant.
b. The lymph vessels contain valves.
c. The superficial lymph vessels follow veins.
d. The afferent lymph vessels enter the convex surface of the lymph nodes.

2. Concerning the lymphatic system, all the following are true EXCEPT:
a. Large lymph vessels contain valves.
b. Lymph capillaries are a network of fine vessels which don't communicate with the tissue space.
c. Before the lymph enters the blood stream it passes through lymph node.
d. The right lymphatic duct drains the right pleura.

3. The thoracic duct drains lymph from the following regions EXCEPT:
a. Right half of the thoracic cavity.
b. Left half of the thoracic cavity.
c. Abdomen.
d. Right lower limb.
e. Left lower limb.

4. The thoracic duct:

a. Begins in the lower limb.
b. Ascends through the anterior abdominal wall.
c. Drains lymph from all the body except the upper right quadrant.
d. Terminates at the junction of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins.

5. The costal surface of the spleen is related to:

a. Left 8,9,10.
b. Left 9, 10, 11.
c. Left 10, 11, 12.
d. Left 8, 10, 12.

6. Which of the following ribs corresponds to the long axis of the normal spleen?
a. Eleventh.
b. Ninth.
c. Tenth.
d. Seventh.
e. Eighth.

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7. The following structures are related to the visceral surface of the spleen EXCEPT:
a. Left kidney.
b. Tail of pancreas.
c. Right colic flexure.
d. Stomach.

8. Which of the following organs is liable to injury in rib fractures?

a. Liver.
b. Pancreas.
c. Spleen.
d. Kidney
e. Suprarenal gland.

9. The visceral surface of the spleen is related to following EXCEPT:

a. Stomach.
b. Pancreas.
c. Left colic flexure.
d. Left suprarenal gland.
e. Left kidney.

10. During splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen), which part of the pancreas is liable to be
injured?
a. Head of pancreas.
b. Tail of pancreas.
c. Neck of pancreas.
d. Body of pancreas.

Answer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a b a c b c c c d b

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 XI. Nervous System
 Choose only one correct answer:
1. All of the following are correct about the nervous system EXCEPT:
a. The grey matter lies internally in the spinal cord.
b. The trunk of the main nerve is pure sensory.
c. The cell body of the first order neuron in the autonomic nervous system lies inside the CNS.
d. The preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic system may ascend or descend for some segments in
the spinal cord.

2. Concerning the nervous system, all are correct EXCEPT:

a. The synapse is the site where two neurons come into close proximity.
b. Each spinal nerve is connected to the spinal cord by two rami.
c. There are eight cervical nerves although there are seven cervical vertebrae.
d. The spinal cord contains central canal.

3. Regarding the nervous system, all are correct EXCEPT:

a. The spinal parasympathetic outflow lies in the sacral region.
b. Intestine is supplied by autonomic nerves.
c. The roots of the spinal nerves lie in the intervertebral foramina.
d. Limb plexuses are formed by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves.

4. The following are parts of the brain stem EXCEPT:

a. Medulla oblongata.
b. Thalamus.
c. Midbrain.
d. Pons.

5. The part of the brain which is responsible for equilibrium is:

a. Thalamus.
b. Cerebrum.
c. Cerebellum.
d. Brain stem

6. The brain stem is formed of:

a. Medulla oblongata.
b. Midbrain, pons and medulla.
c. Midbrain and pons.
d. Pons and medulla.

Page | 20
 Answer

1 2 3 4 5 6
b b c b c b

Page | 21
2.Complete Questions
-Complete the following statements (fill in the space):

I. Skeletal System
1. The parts of the skeletal system are:
a)......................................................... b)..................................................
2. The axial skeleton is formed of the following bones:
a)........................................................ b)..................................................
c).............................................................
3. The vertebral column consists of:
a)......................................................... b).....................................................
c)......................................................... d).....................................................
e)..........................................................
4. The types of the bones according to the shape:
a)............................................................ Example: ............................................ .
b)............................................................ Example: ............................................ .
c)............................................................ Example: ............................................ .
d)............................................................ Example: ............................................ .
e)............................................................. Example: ............................................ .
5. The types of bones according the structure:
a).......................................................... Example: .............................................. .
b).......................................................... Example: ............................................. .

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 II. Joints
1. The types of the fibrous joints are:
a)........................................................... Example: ........................................... .
b).......................................................... Example: ........................................... .
c).......................................................... Example: ........................................... .
2. The types of the cartilagenous joints are:
a)........................................................... Example: ........................................... .
b).......................................................... Example: ........................................... .
3. The characters of synovial joints are:
a)................................................................................................................................
b)................................................................................................................................
c)................................................................................................................................
d)................................................................................................................................
e)................................................................................................................................
f).................................................................................................................................
4. The types of the synovial joints are:
a)………………………………………. Example:………………………………..
b)………………………………………. Example:……………………………….
c)………………………………………. Example:………………………………..
d)………………………………………. Example:……………………………......

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 III. Muscular System
1. The types of the muscular tissue are:
a)………………………………………. Example:………………………………..
b)………………………………………. Example:………………………………..
c)………………………………………. Example:………………………………..
2. The skeletal muscles are supplied by .....................................................while the smooth muscles are
supplied by...................................................

IV. Digestive System

1. The parts of the pharynx are:
a)…………………………………….. b)……………………………………...
c)…………………………………….
2. The parts of the stomach are:
a)……………………………………... b)………………………………….
c)…………………………………….
3. The parts of the small intestine are:
a)…………………………………….... b)………………………………….
c)…………………………………........
4. The parts of the pancreas are:
a)……………………………………... b)………………………………….
c)……………………………………... d)………………………………….
e)………………………………………
5. The surface anatomy of the fundus of the stomach is:
Answer:……………………………………………………………………………..
6. The surface anatomy of the fundus of gall bladder is:
Answer:……………………………………………………………………………..
7. The surface anatomy of the fundus of the appendix is:
Answer:……………………………………………………………………………..

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8. The following structures for stomach bed:
a)……………………………………. b)…………………………………..
c)……………………………………. d)…………………………………..
9. The anterior surface of the stomach is related to the following:
a)…………………………………….. b)………………………………….
c)……………………………………..
10. The parts of the biliary tree are:
a)……………………………………… b)………………………………….
c)……………………………………... d)………………………………….

V. Respiratory System
1. The contents of the hilum of the lung are:
a)……………………………………… b)…………………………………
c)………………………………………
2. Trachea begins at ........................................................................................... and terminates at
..............................................................................................................
3. The layers of the pleura are:
a)……………………………………… b)………………………………….
4. The parts of the parietal pleura are:
a)……………………………………… b)…………………………………
c)……………………………………… d)………………………………...
5. Foreign body enters though …............... lung because its bronchus is:
a)…………………………………….... b)………………………………..
c)……………………………………….

VI. Cardiovascular System

1. The sac which covers the heart is called ……................ and is formed of the following layers:
a)……………………………………… b)………………………………………..
2. The apex of the heart is formed of …………………………………....... and its surface anatomy is
…………………………………………………………………
...................................................................................................................................
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3. The right surfaces of heart is formed by ................................................while its inferior border is
formed of ……………………...and ………………………........
4. The valve between the right ventricle and right atrium is called.........................
While that which control the exit of the right ventricle is called.............................
5. The main branches of the left coronary artery are:
a)……………………………………… b)…………………………………………
6. The main branches of the right coronary artery are:
a)……………………………………..... b)………………………………………...
7. The tributaries of the coronary sinus are:
a)………………………………………. b)………………………………………..
c)………………………………………. d)………………………………………...
8. What are the types of the circulations (Explain)?
a)................................................................................................................................
b)................................................................................................................................
c)................................................................................................................................
9. The sites of porto-systemic anastomosis are:
a)………………………………............ b)……………………………………….
c)………………………………………
10. Capillaries are microscopic vessels in the form of a network connecting:
a)............................................................. b)...........................................................

VII. Urinary System

1. The contents of the hilum of the kidney are:
a)……………………………………… b)………………………………………..
c)……………………………………….
2. The anterior relations of the right kidney are:
a)………………………………………. b)………………………………………..
c)………………………………………. d)………………………………………..
e)………………………………………..

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3. The anterior relations of the right kidney are:
a)………………………………………... b)…….………………………………..
c)………………………………………… d)………………………………………
e)……………………………………….... f)……………………………………...
4. The posterior relations of the kidney are:
a)…………………………………………. b)……………………………………..
c)…………………………………………. d)……………………………………..
5. The sites of narrowing (strictures) of the ureter are.
a)………………………………………….. b)……………………………………..
c)………………………………………….. d)……………………………………
6. The relations of the base of the urinary bladder in male are:
a)…………………………………………... b)……………………………………

7. The parts of the male urethra are:

a)………………………………………..… b)……………………..……………..
c)………………………………………….

VIII. Genital System

1. The external parts of the male genital system are:
a)……………………………….......... b)………………………………………..
c)……………………………………... d)………………………………………..
2. The internal parts of the male genital system are:
a)……………………………………... b)…………………………………………
c)……………………………………... d)………………………………………….
3. The parts of the epididymis are:
a)…………………………………….... b)…………………………………………
c)……………………………………….

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4. The parts of the prostate are:
a)…………………………………….... b)…………………………………………
c)……………………………………… d)…………………………………………
e)………………………………………
5. The internal female genital organs are:
a)………………………………………. b)………………………………………..
c)………………………………………. d)………………………………………..

6. The parts of the fallopian tube are:

a)……………………………………….. b)………………………………………..
c)……………………………………….. d)………………………………………..
7. The parts of the uterus are:
a)……………………………………….. b)………………………………………..
c)………………………………..............
8. The main supports of the uterus are:
a)……………………………………….... b)………………………………………
c)…………………………………………

IX. Endocrine System

1. The endocrine glands are the following:
a)………………………………………….. b)……………………………………
c)..……………………………………….... d)……………………………………
e)…………………………………………... f)……………………………………
g)…………………………………………... h)……………………………………

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 X. Lymphatic System
1. The thoracic duct drains all the body except...............................................
2. The lymph reaches the blood stream at the root of the neck through a large lymph vessels called:
a)..............................................(Left side) ,b).......................................(Right side)
3. The ribs related to the spleen are......................................................
4. The organs related to the visceral surface of the spleen are the following:
a)………………………………………… b)……………………………………...
c)……………………………………….... d)………………………………………

XI. Nervous System

1. The parts of the nervous system are:
a)……………………………………….... b)……………………………………...
2. The parts of the central nervous system are:
a)………………………………………….. b)……………………………………..
3. The parts of the brain are:
a)…………………………………………... b)…………………………………….
c)…………………………………………... d)…………………………………….
4. The parts of the brain stem are:
a)…………………………………………… b)……………………………………
c)……………………………………………

5. The types of the peripheral nerves are:

a)…………………………………………… b)……………………………………
c)……………………………………………
6. The types of the meninges are:
a)………………………………………….... b)……………………………………
c)………………………………………….

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 3. Matching Questions
- Write the numbers of the items of the right column beside their matching items of the left column:

Structure Type
..... A Scapula 1 Long bone
…. B Humerus 2 Short bone
…. C Skull 3 Irregular bone
…. D Patella 4 Flat bone
…. E Phalanx 5 Pneumatic bone
…. F Vertebrae 6 Sesamoid bone

Joint Type
…… A Intervertebral disc 1 Poly-axial synovial joint
…… B Shoulder joint 2 Hinge synovial joint
….. C Interosseous membrane 3 Pivot synovial joint
….. D Intercarpal joints 4 Fibrous joint
….. E Superior radioulnar joint 5 Plane synovial joint
….. F Epiphyseal plate 6 Secondary cartilagenous joint
7 Primary cartilagenous joint

Anatomical Structure Anatomical Fact

… A Thoracic duct 1 Carry oxygenated blood from the lung to the
… heart.
… B Capillaries 2 Carry non oxygenated to the heat.
…
… C Right lymphatic duct 3 Carries lymph from the upper right quadrant of the
… body.
… D Pulmonary veins 4 Carries lymph from all the body except the upper
… right quadrant.
… E Lymph nodes 5 Point of meeting between the arteriols and
… venules.
… F Venae comitantes 6 Station along the pathway of lymph
…
7 Deep veins which accompany the medium sized
arteries

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 Answer
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3
4 A 6 A 4 A
1 B 1 B 5 B
5 C 4 C 3 C
6 D 5 D 1 D
2 E 3 E 6 E
3 F 7 F 7 F

Answers of the complete questions

l. Skeletal System

1. The parts of the skeletal system are:

a. Axial
b. Appendicular

2. The axial skeleton is formed of the following bones:

a. Skull
b. Vertebral column
c. Sternum
d. Ribs

3. The vertebral column consists of:

a. Cervical vertebrae (7)
b. Thoracic vertebrae (12)
c. Lumbar vertebrae (5)
d. Sacral vertebrae (5 fused)
e. Coccygeal vertebrae (4)

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4. The types of the bones according to the shape:
a. Long bone. Example: Humerus.
b. Short bone. Example: Phalanges
c. Flat bone. Example: Scapula.
d. Irregular bones. Example: Vertebra.
e. Pneumatic bones. Example: Skull.
f. Sesamoid bones. Example: Patella.

5. The types of the bones according the structure:

a. Compact. Example: Outer layer of the long bones.
b. Cancellous. . Irregular trabeculae near the ends of the long bones.

II. Joints
1. The types of the fibrous joints are:
a. Sutures. Example: Skull.
b. Gomphosis. (pig and socket). Example: Teeth.
c. Syndesmosis. Example: inferior tibiofibular.

2. The types of the cartilagenous joints are:

a. Primary cartilagenous. Example: Epiphysis of the long bones.
b. Secondary cartilagenous. Example: intervertebral discs.

3. The characters of the synovial joints are:

a. Adaptation of the shape of the articular surfaces.
b. The articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage.
c. The joint is surrounded by a capsule.
d. The presence of ligaments which supports the joint.
e. The synovial membrane lines the capsule and all intracapsular structures except the articular
surfaces.
f. The presence of synovial fluid inside the joint cavity.
g. The joint may be related to bursae which decrease friction.

4. The types of the synovial joints are:

a. Plane. Example: lnter-carpal joints.
b. Uni-axial. Example:
- Pivot (Superior radioulnar joint)
- Hinge (Elbow joint).
c. Bi-axial. Example: Wrist joint.
d. poly-axial. Example: Shoulder joint.
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 III. Muscular System

1. The types of the muscular tissue are:

a. Skeletal muscles Example: Biceps
b. Smooth muscles Example: Intestine
c. Cardiac muscle Example: Heart

2. The skeletal muscles are supplied by spinal nerves (somatic nerve) While the smooth muscle are
supplied by autonomic nerves.

IV. Digestive System

1. The parts of the pharynx are:
a. Nasopharynx.
b. Oropharynx
c. Laryngopharynx

2. The parts of the stomach are:

a. Fundus
b. Body
c. Pyloric part (Pyloric canal, pyloric antrum and pyloric sphincter).

3. The parts of the small intestine are:

a. Duodenum
b. Jejunum
c. Ileum

4. The parts of the pancreas are:

a. Head
b. Neck
c. Body
d. Tail
e. Uncinate process

5. The surface anatomy of the fundus of the stomach is:

Answer: Left 5th intercostal space, 3.5 inches from the midline.

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6. The surface anatomy of the fundus of the gall bladder is:
Answer: Tip of the right ninth costal cartilage.

7. The surface anatomy of the fundus of the appendix is:

Answer: At the point of meeting of the upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 of a Line extending from the umbilicus to
the anterior superior iliac spine (MC Burnyes point)

8. The following structures for the stomach Bed:

a. Transverse colon
b. Transverse mesocolon
c. Pancreas
d. Splenic artery

9. The anterior surface of the stomach:

a. Liver
b. Diaphragm
c. Anterior abdominal wall

10. The parts of the biliary tree are:

a. Hepatic Bile ducts
b. Common hepatic duct
c. Gall bladder and cystic duct
d. Common bile dust

V. Respiratory system
1. The contents of the hilum of the lung are:
a. Bronchus
b. Pulmonary artery
c. Pulmonary veins

2. The trachea begins at C.6 (6th cervical vertebra) and terminates at T.4 (Thoracic vertebra 4).

3. The layers of the pleura are:

a. Parietal layer
b. Visceral layer

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4. The parts of the parietal pleura are:
a. Cervical
b. Costal
c. Mediastinal
d. Diaphragmatic

5. Foreign body enters through Right lung because its bronchus is:
a. Shorter
b. Wider
c. More in line with the trachea

VI. Cardiovascular System

1. The sac which covers the heart is called pericardium and is formed of the following layers:
a. Parietal layer
b. Serous layer

2. The apex of the heart is formed of left ventricle and its surface anatomy intercostal space 3.5 inches
from the midline.

3. The right surface of the heart is formed by right atrium while its inferior border is formed of right
ventricle and left ventricle.

4. The valve between the right ventricle and right atrium is called tricuspid valve while that which
controls the heat of the right ventricle is called pulmonary valve.

5. The main branches of the left coronary artery are:

a. Circumflex artery
b. Anterior interventricular artery

6. The main branches of the right coronary artery are:

a. Right marginal artery
b. Posterior interventricular artery

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7. The tributaries of the coronary sinus are:
a. Great cardiac vein
b. middle cardiac vein
c. Small cardiac vein
d. Oblique vein of left atrium

8. What are the types of the circulations (Explain)?

a. Systemic circulation:
It is the passage of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the aorta to supply all the body.

b. Pulmonary circulation:
The passage of non -oxygenated used blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary trunk to both
lung to be oxygenated.

c) Portal circulation
It is the passage of blood between two sets of capillaries.
Example: The capillaries of intestine collect into the portal vein which transmits the blood to the liver
where it breaks again into another set of capillaries.

9. The sites of pone-systemic anastomosis are:

a. At the lower end of the oesophagus
b. In the kidney
c. In the pituitary gland

10. Capillaries are microscopic vessels in the form of a network connecting:

a. Arterioles
b. Venules

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 VII. Urinary system

1. The contents of the hilum of the kidney are:

a. Renal vein (anterior)
b. Renal artery (intermediate)
c. ureter (most posterior)

2. The anterior relations of the right kidney are:

a. Right suprarenal gland
b. Right colic flexure
c. Second part of duodenum
d. Small intestine
e. Liver
3. The anterior relations of the left kidney are:
a. Left suprarenal gland
b. Stomach
c. Spleen
d. Small intestine
e. Pancreas
f. Descending colon
4. The posterior relations of the kidney are:
a. Diaphragm
b. Psoas major
c. Quadratus lumborum
d. transversus abdominis

5. The sites of narrowing (structures) of the ureter are:

a. At the beginning of the ureter.
b. At the termination of the ureter.
c. At the point of crossing of the common iliac vessels.
d. At the point of crossing of the vas deferens in male (or the root of the broad ligament of the uterus
in females).

6. the relations of the base of the urinary bladder in male are:

a. Seminal vesicle.
b. Vas deferens.
7. The relations of the base of the urinary bladder in male are:
a. Prostatic urethra.
b. Membranous urethra.
c. Penile urethra.

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 VIII. Genital System
1. The external parts of the male genital system are:
a. Penis
b. Scrotum
c. Testis
d. Epididymis

2. The internal parts of the male genital system are:

a. Vas deferens
b. Seminal vesicle
c. Ejaculatory duct
d. Prostate

3. The parts of the epididymis are:

a. Head
b. Body
c. Tail
4. The parts of the prostate are:
a. Anterior lobe
b. Posterior lobe
c. right lateral lobe
d. Left lateral lobe
e. Median lobe

5. The internal female genital organs are:

a. Uterus
b. Fallopian tubes
c. Ovaries
d. Vagina
6. The part of the fallopian tube are:
a. Intramural part
b. Isthmus
c. Ampulla
d. Infundibulum

6. The parts of the uterus are:

a. Fundus
b. Body
c. Cervix

7. The main supports of the uterus are:

a. Pelvic floor muscles
b. Ligaments
c. its anatomical position

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 IX. Endocrine system
1. The endocrine glands are the following:
a. Pituitary gland.
b. Thyroid gland
c. Parathyroid glands
d. Thymus
e. Suprarenal gland
f. Pancreas
g. Testis
h. Ovaries

X. Lymphatic system

1. The thoracic duct drains all the body except upper right quadrant of the body.

2. The lymph reaches the bloods stream at the root of the neck through a large lymph vessel called:
a. Thoracic duct (Left side)
b. Right lymphatic duct (Right side)

3. The ribs related to the spleen are 9th ,10th and 11th .

4. The organs related to the visceral surface of the spleen are the following:
a. Stomach
b. colon
c. Left kidney
d. Pancreas

XI. Nervous System

1. The parts of the nervous system are:

a. Central
b. Peripheral
2. The parts of the central nervous system are:
a. Brain
b. Spinal cord

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3. The parts of the brain are:
a. Cerebral hemispheres
b. Diencephalon
c. Brain stem
d. cerebellum

4. The parts of the brain stem:

a. Midbrain
b. Pons
c. Medulla oblongata

5. The types of the peripheral nerves are:

a. Cranial nerves.
b. Spinal nerves.
c. Autonomic nerves.
6. The types of the meninges are:
a. Dura mater.
b. Arachnoid mater.
c. Pia mater.

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 Collections
Parts of different systems and organs
Skeletal system
Parts of the skeletal system:
1. Axial skeleton (‫)انهيكم انؼظًي انًحىري‬
2. Appendicular skeleton (‫)انهيكم انؼظًي انطزفي‬

Parts of the axial system:

1. skul (‫)انجًجًح‬
2. vertebral column (‫)انؼًىد انفمزي‬
3. ribs (12 on each side) (‫)انضهىع‬
4. sternum (one in the mid line) (‫)ػظًح انمص‬

Parts of the appendicular system:

1. Bones of the upper limb ( ‫)ػظاو انطزف انؼهىي‬
- Scapula,clavicle,humerus,radius,ulna+bones of hand.
2. Bones of the lower limbs (‫)ػظاو انطزف انسفهي‬
- Hip bone,femur,tibia,fibula+bones of foot.

Parts of the thoracic cage (skeleton of the thorax):

1. Sternum (‫)ػظًح انمص‬
2. Ribs (12 on each side) (‫)انضهىع‬
3. Thoracic vertebrae (12) (‫)انفمزاخ انصذريح‬

Parts of the vertebral column:

1. Cervical vertebrae (7) (‫)انفمزاخ انؼُميح‬
2. Thoracic vertebrae (12) (‫)انفمزاخ انصذريح‬
3. Lumber vertebrae (5) (‫)انفمزاخ انمطُيح‬
4. Sacral vertebrae (5 fused) (‫)انفمزاخ انؼجشيح‬
5. Coccygeal vertebrae (4) (‫)انفمزاخ انؼُصؼُصيح‬

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 Digestive system
Parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT):
1. Mouth (oral) cavity and its contents (‫)انتجىيف انفًي ويكىَاته‬
2. Pharynx (‫)انثهؼىو‬
3. Oesophagus (‫)انًزئ‬
4. Stomach (‫)انًؼذج‬
5. Small intestine (‫)االيؼاء انذليمح‬
6. Large intestine (‫)االيؼاء‬
7. Rectum (‫)انًستميى‬
8. Anal canal (‫)انمُاج انشزجيح‬
- In addition to liver, gall bladder, and pancreas (‫)انكثذ وانًزارج وانثكزياص‬
Parts of oral cavity:
1. Vestibule (‫)انذههيش‬
2. Mouth cavity proper (‫)تجىيف انفى انسهيى‬

Parts of the pharynx (‫)البلعوم‬:

1. nasopharynx (‫( )انثهؼىو االَفي‬behind nasal cavity)
2. oropharynx (‫( )انثهؼىو انحُجزي‬behind the oral cavity(
3. laryngopharynx (‫( )انثهؼىو انفًىي‬behind the larynx(

parts of the stomach:

1. fundus (‫)انماع‬
2. Body (‫)انجسى‬
3. Pyloric parts (‫)جشء انثىاب‬,formed of:
a. Pyloric antrum (‫)غار انثىاب‬
b. Pyloric canal (‫)انمُاج انثىاتيح‬
c. Pyloric sphincter ( ‫)يصزج او صًاو انثىاب‬

Parts of the small intestine:

1. Duodenum (‫)االثُي ػشز‬
2. Jejunum (‫)انصائًي‬
3. Ileum (‫)انهفائفي‬

Parts of the large intestine:

1. Ascending colon (‫)انمىنىٌ انصاػذ‬
- Its beginning contains caecum and appendix. (‫)االػىر وانشائذج انذوديح‬
2. Transverse colon (‫)انمىنىٌ انًستؼزض‬
3. Descending colon (‫)انمىنىٌ انُاسل‬
4. Sigmoid colon (‫)انمىنىٌ انسيُي‬
5. Rectum (‫)انًستميى‬
6. Anal canal (‫)انمُاج انشزجيح‬

Page | 42
Parts of gall bladder:
1. Fundus (‫)انمُاع‬
2. Body (‫)انجسى‬
3. Neck (‫)انؼُك‬
4. Cystic duct (‫)انمُاج انًزاريح‬

Parts of the pancreas:

1. Head (‫( )انزأص‬and unicate process) (‫)انُاتئ انشصي‬
2. Neck (‫)انؼُك‬
3. Body (‫)انجسى‬
4. Tail (‫)انشيم‬

Respiratory system
Parts of the respiratory system:
1. Nasal cavity (‫)تجىيف االَف‬
2. Pharynx (‫)انثهؼىو‬
3. Larynx (‫)انحُجزج‬
4. Trachea (‫)انمصثح انهىائيح‬
5. Bronchi (‫)انشؼة انهىائيح‬
6. Bronchioles (‫)انشؼيثاخ انهىائيح‬
7. Lung (and its pleura) (‫)انزئح وانغشاء انثهىري‬

Layers of pleura (‫)الغشاء البلوري‬:

1. Visceral layer (‫)انطثمح انحشىيح‬
2. Parietal layer (‫)انطثمح انجذاريح‬

Cardiovascular system
Layers of pericardium (‫)الغشاء التاموره‬:
1. Visceral layer (‫)انطثمح انحشىيح‬
2. Parietal layer (‫)انطثمح انجذاريح‬

Urinary system
Parts of urinary system:
1. Kidney (‫)انكهيح‬
2. Ureter (‫)انحانة‬
3. Urinary bladder (‫)انًثاَح‬
4. Urethra (‫)لُاج يجزي انثىل‬

Page | 43
Parts of the kidney:
1. Two ends (ٍ‫( )طزفي‬upper and lower(
2. Two surfaces (ٍ‫( )سطحي‬anterior and posterior(
3. Two borders (ٍ‫( )حافتي‬lateral convex border and medial concave border)

Parts of urinary bladder:

1. Apex (‫)انمًح‬
2. Base (‫)انماع‬
3. Three surfaces: (‫)ثالثح اسطح‬
a. Superior surface
b. Two infero-lateral surfaces (one on each side)
4. Three angles: (‫)ثالثح سوايا‬
a. Two postero-superior angles (one on each side)
b. Inferior angle (neck of the bladder)

Genital system
1. Male Genital system
Parts of the male genital organs:
1. Testis (‫)انخصيح‬
2. Vasa efferentia (‫)االوػيح انصادرج‬
3. Epididymis (‫)انثزتخ‬
4. Vas deferens (‫)انىػاء انُالم‬
5. Seminal vesicle (‫)انحىيصالخ انًُىيح‬
6. Ejaculatory duct (‫)لُاج انمذف‬
7. Prostate ( ‫)غذج انثزوستاتا‬

Parts of the epididymis:

1. Head (‫)انزأص‬
2. Body (‫)انجسى‬
3. Tail (‫)انشيم‬

Parts of the prostate:

1. Anterior lobe (‫)انفص االيايي‬
2. Posterior lobe (‫)انفص انخهفي‬
3. Median lobe (‫)انفص انًتىسط‬
4. Right lateral lobe (‫)انفص انجايثي االيسز‬
5. Left lateral lobe (‫)انفص انجاَثي االيسز‬

Page | 44
 2.Female genital system
Parts of the female genital organs:
1. Uterus (‫)انزحى‬
2. Fallopian (uterine) tubes (‫)لُاج فاانىب‬
3. Ovaries (‫)انًثيط‬
4. Vagina (‫)انًهثم‬

Parts of the uterus:

1. Fundus (‫)انماع‬
2. Body (‫)انجسى‬
3. Cervix (‫)ػُك انزحى‬

Parts of the fallopian tube:

1. Intramural (‫)داخم انجذار‬
2. Isthmus (‫)انثزتخ‬
3. Ampulla (‫)االيثىنح‬
4. Infundibulum (‫)انمًغ‬

Parts of vagina:
1. Anterior wall (‫)جذار أيايي‬
2. Posterior wall (‫)جذار خهفي‬

Endocrine system
Parts of endocrine system:
1. Pituitary gland (‫)انغذج انُخاييح‬
2. Thyroid gland (‫)انغذج انذرليح‬
3. Parathyroid gland (‫)انغذج انجار درليح‬
4. Thymus (‫)انغذج انصؼتزيح‬
5. Pancreas (‫)انثُكزياص‬
6. Suprarenal gland (‫)انغذج انفىق كهىيح‬
7. Testis (ٍ‫)انخصيتي‬
8. Ovaries (ٍ‫)انًثيضي‬

Nervous system
Parts of central nervous system (CNS):
1. Brain (‫( )انًخ‬two cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem)
2. Spinal cord (‫)انُخاع انشىكي‬

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Parts of peripheral nervous system (PNS):
1. Somatic nervous system (‫)انجهاس انؼصثي انجسذي‬
- Composed of 12 pares cranial nerves + 12 pair of spinal nerves (31 pair)
2. Autonomic (splanchnic) nervous system (‫)انجهاس انؼصثي انالارادي‬
- Composed of sympathetic nervous system + parasympathetic nervous system

Parts of cerebral hemisphere (‫)نص كزة المخ‬:

1. frontal lobe (‫)انفص انجثهي‬
2. parietal lobe (‫)انفص انجذاري‬
3. temporal lobe (‫)انفص انصذغي‬
4. occipital lobe ( ‫)انفص انمذاني‬

parts of brain stem (‫)جذع المخ‬:

1. midbrain (‫)انجسز‬
2. pons (‫)انذياؽ انًتىسط‬
3. Medulla oblongata (‫)انُخاع انًستطيم‬

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Difference between small intestine and large intestine:

Small intestine Large intestine

1. Taenia coli Absent Present
)‫(شزائط ػضالخ طىنيح‬
2. Sacculations Absent Present
(husteration)
)‫(اَثؼاجاخ أو حشاسياخ‬
Appedices epiploicae Absent Present
)‫(سوائذ دهُيح‬

Differences between jejunum and ileum

Jejunum Ileum

Length  It is 8 feet long  It is 12 feet long

 It forms the proximal 2/5 of the  It forms the distal 3/5 of the
free part of the small intestine free part of the small
intestine
Wall
 Thickness  Thick wall and wide lumen.  Thin wall and narrow lumen.
 Plica circularis  More  Less
(circular folds of the  More  Less
mucosa)
 villi

Mesentery
 Vasculature (arterial  Less  More
arcades)  Less (so there is windows)  More (so, no windows)
 Fat content
lymphatics Not present except at its terminal Present at the anti-mesenteric
part junction (forms the peyer's
patches)

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Difference between right and left main bronchi

Right main bronchus Left main bronchus

Shorter (1 inch) Longer (2 inches)

Wider Narrower
More in line with the trachea More horizontal
Divides before its entry into the lung Divides inside the lungs

Difference between right and left lungs

Right lung Left lung
Size & weight Larger and heavier Smaller and lighter
Length & breadth Shorter and wider Longer and narrower
Lobes & fissure  Two fissures  One fissure
 Three lobes  Two lobes
Anterior border No cardiac notch Cardiac notch
(related to the apex of the heart)
Base More concave Less concave
Hilum Contains 2 bronchi, 2 pulmonary Contains one bronchus, 2 pulmonary
veins and one pulmonary artery veins and one pulmonary artery

Differences between anterior relations of both kidneys

Right kidney Left kidney
1 Right suprarenal gland Left suprarenal gland
2 2nd part of the duodenum Spleen
3 Right lobe of the liver Body of the pancreas and splenic vessels
4 Right colic flexure Stomach
5 Coils of the small intestine Descending colon
6 Coils of small intestine

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Differences between male and female urethra

Male urethra Female urethra

Length Longer (8 inches) and narrower Shorter (4 cm) and wider
Parts Three main parts (prostatic part, One part only
membranous part and penile part)
function Pathway for urine and seminal fluid Pathway for urine only

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