Quarter 1

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)

Content Standards Performance Standards

The learner demonstrates understanding The learner independently creates a plan of
of one’s PECs in Aquaculture. action that strengthens/ further develops
his/her PECs in Aquaculture.

Quarter I Time Allotment: 4 hours

Module 1
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Introduction

Entrepreneurs are people with skills and capabilities to see and evaluate business
opportunities. They are individuals that can strategically identify products or services needed
by the community and they deliver these at the right time, the right place, and right price.
Entrepreneurs are agent of economic change; they organize, manage, and assume risks of a
business. Some of the good qualities of an entrepreneur are opportunity-seeker, risk-taker,
goal-setter, excellent planner, a confident problem solver, hardworking, persistent, and a
committed worker.
Entrepreneurship on the other hand is not just a simple business activity. It is a strategic
process of innovation and new venture creation. Basically, entrepreneurship is both an art
and science of converting business ideas into marketable products or services to improve the
quality of living.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

 identify areas for improvement, development and growth in your chosen business/career
 align your PECs according to your business/career choice; and
 create a plan of action that ensures success in your business/career choice

Share your answers to the guide questions with your classmates. You may compare your
insights, personal knowledge, and relevant experiences on the topic to make it more exciting
and engaging.

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LEARNING GOALS and TARGET

After understanding the objectives of this module and having gone through Task 1 and Task
2, you will be asked to make your own personal goals. These goals will guide you to further
achieve the over-all objective of this module. In the end, these goals will motivate you to
learn more about PECs.

Goals and Learning Ultimate

Targets Activities Goal
Figure 1: Strategic Process to Achieve the Objectives of this Module

READING RESOURCES and INSTRUCTIONAL ACTVITIES

After setting your own personal goals and objectives to achieve the objectives of this module, check
first you know about your PECs. Try to answer the following guide questions with the help of your
classmates.

Task 3: Group Activity

Direction: Answer the following guide questions on a separate sheet of paper. Share your
answer in class.

1. What is the importance of assessing one’s PECs before engaging in a particular

entrepreneurial activity?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.

2. What other strategies or approaches can you assess your PECs? Explain how these
would become more useful in selecting a viable business venture.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
.

3. What are the desirable personal characteristics, attributes, lifestyles, skills and traits
of a potential entrepreneur? Why do you think these are important?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4. Why is it important to assess one’s PECs in relation to characteristics, attributes,

lifestyles, skills and traits before starting a particular business?

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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.

5. What is the significance of evaluating PECs of a successful entrepreneur? Explain your

answer.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6. What did you learn after doing Task 3? What insights have you learned?
7. This time you’re going to study the different topics that will enrich your knowledge of
PECs. Read carefully the succeeding topics.

Assessment of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) and Skills

The entrepreneurial competencies refer to the important characteristics that an individual

need to have in order to perform entrepreneurial functions effectively. In this module, you
will learn some of the most important characteristics, attributes, lifestyle, skills and traits of
a successful entrepreneur.

Below are some important characteristics/traits/attributes of a good entrepreneur:

 Hardworking. Hardworking people keep on improving their performance to produce
good products and/or provide good services. They make it a habit to work diligently
for long period of time.
 Self-confident. Entrepreneurs exhibit self-confidence in order to cope with all the
pressure and risks of operating their own business. They believe in their own ability in
making decisions or judgments.
 Disciplined. Successful entrepreneurs follow a plan and stick to it religiously. A good
entrepreneur accepts full responsibility for everything in his/her business. He/she
gives full commitment and solid dedication to make the business successful.
 Open-minded. A good businessman should be open to change, because change occurs
all the time. When you own a business, you should be able to cope and adapt to
changes. Take advantage on the positive changes that come to make your business
grow.
 Creative. An entrepreneur should be creative and innovative to stay in the business.
He must think of new ways of doing things that can attract customers.
 Initiative. An entrepreneur has initiative. He must put himself in a position where he
directly involve himself in making changes or introducing new ways of doing things.
 Profit-Oriented. One goes into business to earn a living. Therefore, his source of
income is his profit. He should see to it that his business generates profit.

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Important Skills of a Successful Entrepreneur

A successful businessman should be skillful in the following:
1. Planning. Planning is a strategic thinking and setting of goals to achieve objectives. A good
entrepreneur develops and applies step-by-step plans to realize goals. A good
entrepreneur knows that planning is an effective skill only when it is implemented.
2. Dealing with People. Dealing with people refers to effective and efficient communication
and relation with people working in your business; 1) Day-to-day business transactions,
2) dealing with people. Good relationship with people can spell out the difference
between success and failure of a business.
3. Decision Making: Successful entrepreneurs have the ability to think quickly and make a
wise decision in the business. The ability to decide is an important skill that an
entrepreneur should possess. A sound decision is usually based on given
facts/information to attain a pre-determined objectives.

In order to firm up what you have learned, review the PEC’s checklist below then answer the
following activity in Task 4.
Task 4: PECs Checklist

Directions: Using the PECs Checklist, assess yourself by indicating a check (/) mark in either
areas column. Interpret the results by counting the total number of check marks in each
column. In groups of 5 or 6 share your self-assessment among your members. Explain why
you assess yourself that way.
Table 1: PECs Checklist
Personal Assessment in terms
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies of an of:
Entrepreneur Strength Development
Areas
Hardworking
Working diligently
Self-confident
Confidence in one’s ability
Discipline
Always stick to a plan
Committed
Solid dedication
Ability to accept change
Adoptable to change
Creative
Innovative to have edge over other
competitors
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Profit-oriented
Always looking for additional income
Planner
Strategic thinking and setting of goals
Interpersonal
effective and efficient communication and
relation with people
Decision Making
making wise decisions to attain objectives
TOTAL

Interpretation/Insights:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________

How was your experience in discovering your strengths and the areas to be developed? Did
you gain valuable experience in sharing insights with your classmates? To deepen your
understanding of PECs, do Task 5 below.

Task 5: Interview
Interview a successful fish farm technician/manager or an Aquaculture entrepreneur in your
province. Focus your interview on PECs and other business-related attributes that help him
become successful. Analyze the result of the interview and reflect on the similarities or
differences with your own PECs. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Sample Interview Guide

Name of Proprietor/Practitioner: __________________________________

Age: _______________________ Number of Years in Business: ________
Business Name: ______________________________________________
Business Address: ____________________________________________
a. What were your preparations before you became engaged in this type business/job?
b. What are your special skills/characteristics that helped your business/job?
c. How did you solve business-related problems during the early years of your business
operation?
d. Were you influenced by a successful businessman/practitioner before you engaged in
your business? Explain
e. What are your best business practices that you can share with aspiring students?
f. What characteristics, attributes, lifestyle, skills and traits that made you successful in
your business/job?

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Note: Fill out the second row with information from the interview, then the third row with your PECs
Personal
Entrepreneurial Characteristics Attributes Lifestyles Skills Traits
Competencies
Successful
Entrepreneur in
the province

My PECs

Using the information on the above table, analyze and reflect on the similarities and
differences in your answers. Write these on the table below. Write your conclusion on the
space provided below.
Personal
Entrepreneurial Similarities Differences
Competencies

Characteristics

Attributes

Lifestyles

Skills

Traits

Conclusion:
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________ .

After performing the activities on the importance of PECs, let’s find out how well you have
learned. Perform Task 6 to determine how well you have understood the lesson.
Task 6: Preparation of a Plan of Action

Directions: Prepare an action plan that indicates how you would align your PECs to the PECs
of the successful Aquaculture entrepreneur in your province based on the Task 5. Use the
table below.
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Objective Area Activities Strategies Time Expected

Frame Outcome

To align my Characteristics
PECs with
the PECs of a
successful
entrepreneur
in
Aquaculture. Skills

Attribute

Traits

Task 7: Essential Questions

Directions: Study the following questions below. Use a separate sheet of paper or your
notebook to write your answers.

1. Why is it necessary to compare and align your PECs with those of a successful
entrepreneur?_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________.
2. How does your action plan strengthen your PECs and/or address your development
areas?_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.

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3. What plan of action would you do to address your development areas in your
business?_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.

ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET (EM)

Content Standards Performance Standards

The learner demonstrates understanding of The learner independently creates a
environment and market in Aquaculture in business vicinity map reflective of potential
one’s province. market in Aquaculture in a province.

Quarter I Time Allotment: 4 hours

Module 2

Environment and Market

Introduction
People who aspire to start a business need to explore the economic, cultural and social
conditions prevailing in the area. They should consider the needs and wants of the people in
a certain area because these maybe considered as business opportunities. By identifying the
needs of the community, its resources, available raw materials, skills, and appropriate
technology can help a new entrepreneur seizes a business opportunity.

Potential entrepreneurs should always look closely at the environment and market. They
should always be watchful of existing opportunities and constraints. The opportunities in the
business environment are those factors that provide possibilities for a business to expand and
earn more profits. Constraints, on the other hand, are those factors that limit the ability to
grow, hence reduce the chance of generating profit. One of the best ways to evaluate the
opportunities and constraints is to conduct a SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities
and Threats) Analysis.

A SWOT analysis is a managerial tool to assess the business environment. It gathers

important information, which in turn is used in strategic planning. Strengths and weaknesses
are inherent in an organization. Basically they relate to resources owned by organization,
things that you have control over, and as well as the extent of its marketing.

Opportunities and threats exist in the external environment. Opportunities relate to the
market, to the development of new technologies, and to external factors such as government
policies, climate, and trends. Threats relate to what the competition is doing as well as legal
and other constraints.
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Objectives
At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 identify what is of “Value” to the customer;

 identify the potential consumer;
 Explain what makes a product unique and competitive;
 Apply creativity and innovative techniques to develop marketable product; and
 Employ a USP (Unique Selling Proposition) to the product/service.
.
Assessment
Task I: Multiple Choice

Task 2: Guide Questions:

Directions: Study the guide questions below. Use a separate sheet for your answers to the
guide questions.
1. How does one determine the product or services that need to be offered to the target
customers?
2. How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?
3. When can one say that a certain product is of “value”?
4. Are innovation and creativity important in determining your product/services?
Explain.
5. How can one effectively respond to the needs of the target consumers?
6. From the point of view of business owner, explain the importance of exploring the
environment and market in generating business idea.

Using a self-assessment, explain your level of confidence in formulating a business idea.

After you have completed Task 2, share your answers to your classmates. Discuss your
insights, personal knowledge of, and relevant experiences on the topic.

LEARNING GOALS and TARGET

Having understood the objectives of this module and having gone through Task 2 you will be
asked to set your own personal goals. These goals will help you achieve the over-all goal of
this module which is to know your business environment and market in your area.
Goals and Targets Learning Activities Ultimate Goal

Figure 2: Strategic Process to In Attaining the Objectives

Reading Resources and Instructional Activities

After setting your own personal goals and targets to achieve the objectives of this
module, you will have the opportunity to read and learn more about environment and

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market. You too, will also be given a chance to do practical exercises and activities to deepen
your understanding of the topic.

Product Development

When we talk of product development, we refer to the process of making a new product to
be sold in the market. A product development may either involve modification of an existing
product or its presentation, or formulation of an entirely new product that caters to the
needs of customers.
The term development in this module refers to the entire process of identifying a market
opportunity, creating a product to appeal to customers. It involves testing, modifying and
refining the product until it is ready for production. It could be any product that are needed
by the people.
There are basic and vital questions that you can ask yourself. If you can give acceptable then
you are ready to develop a product and/or render service.
1. For whom are the product/services aimed at?
2. What benefit will the customers get from it?
3. How does the product differ from other products?

It is also important that the needs and wants of the people in the area should be taken
into consideration. Everyone has his or her own needs and wants, but each one has different
concepts of needs and wants. In business, needs are important. These are what every
individual cannot do without in a society. These include the following.
1. Basic food commodities
2. Clothing and other personal belongings,
3. Shelter, sanitation and health
4. Education

Basic needs are essential to every individual to be able to live with dignity and pride
in the community. These needs are obviously the starting point of business ideas that leads
to product development.
Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and a luxurious way of
living. Wants or desires are considered beyond the basic necessities of life. Some of these
include the passion of some individuals for fashion accessories, shoes, clothes, travelling
around the world, eating in an exclusive restaurant; watching movies, concerts, plays, having
luxurious cars, etc.
The needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of business that
you may put up. Some other good points that you might consider in a business undertakings
are the needs and wants of people, their lifestyle, culture, and tradition.

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To summarize, product development entirely depends on the needs and wants

of the customers but another important issue to deal with is the key concept of developing a
product. The succeeding topic will enlighten you about the procedure on how to develop a
product.

Concepts of Developing a Product

Concept development is a very critical phase in the development of a product. In this stage,
the needs of the target market are identified and the competitive products are reviewed
before the product specifications are defined. The product concept is an outcome of
economic analysis where you come up with an outline of a product development process.
Below is a figure that shows the stages of concept development of a product.

Identify Establish Generate Select a Refine

Customer Target Product Product Specifications
Needs Specifications Concepts Concept

Figure 3: Concept Development

Plan
Remaining
Analyze Perform Development
Competitive Economic Project
Products Analysis

Concept Development
The process of product development follows the following steps:

 Identify Customer Needs. Using a survey form, interviews, researches, focus group
discussions, and observations an entrepreneur can easily identify customers’ needs and
wants. In this stage, the information that can be gathered include product specifications
(performance, taste, size, color, shape, life span of the product, etc.). This stage is very
important because this would determine the product to be produced or provided.
 Establish Target Specifications. Based on customers' needs and reviews of competitive
products, you may now establish target specifications of the new product and/or services.
Target specifications are essentially a wish-list of prospective products.
 Analyze Competitive Products. The next step is to analyze existing competitive products
to provide important information in establishing product/services specifications. Other
products may exhibit successful design attributes that can be incorporated or improved
upon in the new product/service.
 Generate Product Concepts. This stage involves generating a number of product concepts
to show what types of product/service are both technically feasible and would best meet
the requirements of the target specifications.

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 Select a Product Concept. From the many concepts generated, a final concept is selected.
After the final selection, additional market research can be applied to obtain feedback
from key customers.
 Refine Product Specifications. In this stage, product/service specifications are refined
based on the market research done. Final specifications are the result of extensive study,
expected service life, and projected selling price.
 Perform Economic Analysis. Throughout the process of product development it is always
wise to perform the economic analysis where review and estimate the economic
implications regarding development expenses, manufacturing costs, and selling price of
the product/services to be offered/provided, and ROI (Return of Investment).
 Plan the Remaining Development Project - In this final stage of concept development, you
prepare a detailed development plan which includes a list of activities, the necessary
resources and expenses, and a development schedule with periodic tracking progress.

Finding Value

People buy for a reason, therefore put something in your product/services that will give
consumers a good reason to go back and buy for more. There must be something that attracts
your target customers; otherwise they have no reason to buy your product. This implies
further, that you should offer something of value about your product something that people
really love.
The value that you incorporate to your product is called value proposition. Value proposition
is “a believable collection of the most persuasive reasons people should notice and take the
action you’re asking for.” It is created by fulfilling deep desires and solving deep problems.
This is what attracts people to buy your product/service.
Innovation

Innovation is the introduction of something new to your product/services. This may be a

new idea, a new method or a device. If you want to increase your sales and profit you must
innovate. Some of the possible innovations in your products are changing the packaging,
improving taste, color, size, shape, and perhaps reducing price. If your business is providing
services, innovations could include application of new improved methods, additional
featured services, and possibly freebees.
Unique Selling Proposition (USP)

Unique Selling is a technique of presenting a product that describes the special features of
your product that make it different from other products. Before you can begin to sell your
product or service to your target customers, you yourself must believe in it. This is especially
important when your product or service is similar to those around you.
USP would require careful analysis of other businesses' ads and marketing messages. If you
analyze how they present their products, not just the product or service characteristics, you
can learn a great deal about how companies distinguish themselves from competitors.
How to discover your USP to increase sales.
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1. Use empathy: Put yourself in the shoes of your customers. To do this you should always
focus on the needs of the target customers. Always remember that you are making this
product or providing services for the target customers to increase sales and to earn
profit. The essential question is what could make them come back again and again? The
most possible answers will be to focus on the quality of the product availability,
convenience, cleanliness of the establishment, and reliability, and friendliness of the
management.
2. Identify what motivates your customers. It is very important for you to understand and
find out what drives and motivates your customers to buy your product/service. Make
some efforts to find out, analyze and utilize the information that motivates the
customers to purchase your product or services.
3. Discover the reasons why customers buy your product. The information why people
want a product is very important in decision making. A competitive entrepreneur always
improve his products/services to provide satisfaction and attracts customers. As your
business grows, you should always continue asking from your customer’s important
information to improve your product/services.

In order to firm up your understanding of the previous topic, you will form a group and
conduct an interview with a successful entrepreneur/practitioner. Document this interview
and present this to the whole class for discussion and feedback.

Task 3: Interview

Directions: Select a successful entrepreneur/practitioner. Conduct an interview by utilizing

the sets of questions below. Document the interview and present this to the class.
1. How did you identify your customers?
2. What were your considerations in selecting your customers?
3. Explain how your product/services different from other product/s.
4. Did you undergo a training/seminar before you engage in this business? Cite some
insights that you gained from the training.
5. What preparations did you do before starting your business?
6. What creative and innovative techniques did you adopt to your product/services?
What was the effect of the innovative techniques to the sales and profits of your
business?
7. What strategy did you use as your unique selling proposition to your product/service?

Task 4: Video Viewing

In order to deepen your understanding of the lesson, perform the following tasks:
Browse in the internet on topics related to:
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 Customers’ needs and wants;

 Techniques in identifying customers’ needs and wants;
 Creativity/innovations in products and services;
 Unique selling proposition; and
 Product development.
Prepare a short narrative report about the aforementioned topics. You may highlight the
“aspect” that intensifies your knowledge of product development.

Task 5: Product Conceptualization

Directions: Using the figures below develop your own concept for your product/services.

1. Identify
7. Prepare a Customers Need 2. Target
Development Specifications
-
Plan
-

6. Refine Product 3. Analyze a

Specification Competitive
Product
-

5. Select A 4. Generate
product Concept Product Concept

- -
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

Generating Ideas for Business

The process of developing/generating business idea is not a simple process. Some
people have many business ideas, but some really don’t have any. There are two problems
that arise; first is you have a lot of ideas and second is you don’t have ideas at all but still you
want to become an entrepreneur.
The best way to get business ideas is to have a systematic approach. This approach
will select business idea that will be used in real business. Here are some basic considerations
to generate possible ideas for business:
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Examine the existing goods and services. Ask yourself. Am I satisfied with the
product? What do other people say about it? How can it be improved? There are many ways
of improving a product from the way it is made to the way it is packed and sold. One way is
to improve the materials used in crafting the product. Another is to introduce new ways of
using the product, making it more useful and adaptable to the customers’ needs. When you
are improving the product or enhancing it, you are doing an innovation. Another way is to
make an invention by introducing an entirely new product.
Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and services are sold
outside of the community. Very often, these products are sold in a form that can still be
enhanced or improved.
Examine the present and future needs. Observe what the customers, institution, and
communities still need in terms of goods and services. Sometimes, these needs are felt but
not in the market. Other needs are not yet felt but perhaps in the future. For example, a
province will have its electrification facility in the next six months. Only then will the
entrepreneur could think of electrically-powered or generated business such as photo copier,
computer service, digital printing, etc.
Examine how the needs are being satisfied. Needs for the products and services are
referred to as market demand. To satisfy these needs is to supply the products and services
that meet the demands of the market. The term market refers to the answers of the products
or services, and these may be people or institutions such as other businesses, establishments,
organizations, or government agencies.
There is a very good business opportunity when there is absolutely no supply to a
pressing market demand.
Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and services. Their
needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other services such as selling and distribution are
good sources of ideas for business.

 Examine the available resources around you. Observe what materials or skills are
available in abundance in your area. A business can be started out of available raw
materials in the area by selling them in raw form or by processing and manufacturing
them into finished products. For example, your house is located near a river wherein the
quality of water as well as the location is ideal for fish pen operation. Added to that is the
presence of cooperatives in your community offering loans with a minimal interest to
someone who wants to start a business. With all the available resources around, you can
start establishing your small fish pen.
 Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new products and techniques
or advances in technology. You can get new business ideas from reading materials like
Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business Magazines, “Go Negosyo”, KAB materials, Small-
Industry Journal. The Internet serves as a library where you can access possible business
ideas. It will also guide you on how to produce products that are needed in the
community.
A listing of possible businesses to set up in an area may also be available from banks or local
non-government organizations.

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Key concepts of Selecting a Business Ideal

Once you have started on identifying the business opportunities, you will realize that
there are many possibilities that are available to you. This is where your capability or
resources to start business comes in.
So, you have to select the most promising one from among hundreds of ideas. It is
always wise to do this in stages. In the first stage, you screen your ideas to narrow them
down to about five choices. In the next stage, trim down the five choices to two options and
in the final stage, choose one business idea is feasible in terms of your own financial
resources.
In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the following factors:
 How much capital is needed to put up the business?
 How big is the demand for the product? Do many people need this product and will
continue to need it for a long time?
 How is the demand met? Who are processing the products to meet the need
(competition or demand)? How much of the need is now being met (supply)?
 Do you have the background and experience needed to run this particular business?
 Will the business be legal, not going against any government regulation?
 Is the business in line with your interest and expertise?
Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening which ones from among your
many ideas needs further study and worth pursuing.
Branding
Branding is a marketing practice of creating name, symbol or designs that identifies and
differentiates product/services from other products/services. It is also a promise to your
customers. It tells them what they can expect from your products/ services and how it
differentiate them from those of other competitors. Your brand is derived from who you are,
who you want to be, and how people perceive you to be.
Branding is one of the most important aspects of any business. An effective brand strategy
gives you a major edge in increasingly competitive markets

The features of a good product brand are as follows:

 It delivers the message clearly
 It confirms your credibility
 It connects your target prospects emotionally
 It motivates the buyer
 It concretizes
 user loyalty

Here are some simple tips in developing your brand.

.

Develop a tagline. Write a meaningful unforgettable, and easy to remember statement that
captures the essence of your brand.

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Get a great logo. Create a logo suitable to your business and consistent with your tagline and
place it everywhere.
Write down your brand messaging. Select key messages you want to communicate about
your brand.
Be true to your brand. Deliver your brand promise.
Be consistent. Be reliable and consistent every time.

In generating business ideas, you should first identify what type of business you prefer. Next,
analyze and scan the potential environment by studying the marketing practices and
strategies of your competitors. Then, analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and
the Threats in your environment. This will ensure that the products/goods and services you
are planning to offer will be patronized.

Remember these simple rules for a successful SWOT analysis.

 Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business when conducting SWOT
analysis.
 Distinguish between where your business is today and where it could be in the future by
using SWOT analysis
 When doing a SWOT analysis, be specific. Avoid any grey areas.
 Always apply SWOT in relation to your competition i.e. is it better than or is it worse than
your competitor.
 Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis
 SWOT is subjective.

Task 6: SWOT Analysis

Directions: In generating a business idea, environmental scanning is very important.
Utilize the SWOT analysis table below to list up all your observations.
Consider the strategies below to select the best business idea.
Strength (S) Weaknesses (W)

- -
- -
- -
- -
Opportunities (O) Threats (T)

- -
- -
- -
- -

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Strategize:
SW – Utilize the strengths to overcome the weakness
OS - Capitalize on the opportunities to eliminate the weakness
ST – Maximize on your strengths to eliminate the external threats
OT – Take advantage of the available opportunities to eliminate the external threats.

Strategies/Activities:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
Analysis:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
My Best Business Idea:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

In order to deepen your understanding of the topics previously discussed, perform the following
activities:
Task 7: Extra Readings and Video Viewing
Reading books and watching videos have been considered as one of the most effective
educational activities that help learners deepen their understanding of certain topic. In this particular
circumstance, you will be asked to conduct extra readings and video viewings on the following topics.
 Steps in selecting business idea
 Criteria of a viable business idea
 Benefits of a good brand
 Ways of developing a brand
After doing Task 7, make a narrative report about this and share it with the class.

Task 8: Making my own Logo

Direction: Make a clear appealing product brand with logo and tagline.

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LOGO

TAGLINE

Task 9: Making My Own Vicinity Map

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook draw a vicinity map reflective
of potential market in Aquaculture in your province. Provide a simple statement to describe
your map.

Vicinity Map

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Module 3. Fishpond

An accurate preparation prior to the construction of a fishpond is the key to a

successful aquaculture business venture. The preparation of the needed resources helps in
mobilizing aquaculture activities thus saving time, effort and money. Aquaculture
preparation involves identifying the needed resources, preparing of program of works and
making a layout plan for a fishpond.

Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates understanding The learner independently and accurately

of the underlying concepts in drawing the draws the layout plan of a fishpond.
layout plan of a fishpond. The learner independently evaluates a
The learner demonstrates understanding suitable site for a fishpond.
of the underlying concepts in evaluating a
suitable site for fishpond.

Lesson 1. Draw the Layout Plan of a Fishpond

Introduction

Fishponds or earthen ponds are found in almost all parts of the country and are used
in the breeding, nursery and grow out of various food fishes. These earthen structures serve
as an important factor in the increased production of the country’s most important cultured
freshwater fish, the tilapia (PCAMRD, 1998).

Specific Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 draw the layout plan of a fishpond system using a particular scale.
 specify facilities, equipment, tools and materials in the proposals based on survey
results.
 determine the number of water pumps to be installed and the location of the ground
water.
 plan and layout other pond facilities.

Pre-Assessment

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SCALING

A scale is the ratio of the distance on the map or drawing and distance on the ground. It is
widely used by engineers, architects, professors and all other fields.
Formula:
Scale: Map or Drawing Distance (m)
Ground Distance (m)

Example of a scale is 1:10m, 1:100m, 1:1000m, etc.

Problem Solving
To determine the ratio of drawing with the following ground measurements of 125m
long and 80m wide is to do the ratio and proportion formula, thus;

1m (map) = X map
1000m (ground) 125m (ground)

1000m X = (1m) (125)

X = 125 m2
1000m
X = 0.125m or 12.5cm

Or do the division and multiplication process, thus

1 x 125 m
1000

0.001 x 125 m = 0.125 m or 12.5 cm

1 x 125 m = 125 m = 0.125 m or 12.5 cm

1000 1000

The Fishpond Layout

A fishpond is an artificial body of water consisting of dikes, gates, pipes and canals
to facilitate water supply management.
In view of the high cost of fishpond development, improved types and the specifications of
pond designs must be considered. These depend on the nature and quality of water supply
and the species of fish to be cultivated.
Below is a sample layout of a conventional fishpond system with the following
specifications:

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Area = 10,000 m2
Nursery Pond (NP)
= 1% of the total production area

Figure 1. Conventional Fishpond System

Transition Pond (TP) = 9% of the production area

Rearing Pond (RP) = 80% of the production area
Catching Pond (CP) = At least 2% of the NP

TP = 10, 000 x 9% RP = 10 000 x 80% CP = 100 x 2%

= 10, 000 x 0.09 = 10 000 x 0.80 = 100 x 0.02
= 900 m2 = 8 000 m2 = 2 m2

The Compartment Units of a Fishpond System

Figure 2. Transition Pond Figure 3. Rearing Pond Figure 4. Catching Pond Figure 5. Water Supply
Canal

The Function of the Fishpond Compartments/Units

a. Nursery pond (NP). This is where the fish fry are reared to fingerlings. The most
suitable place for this is a site where it can be easily supplied with fresh water and
can be readily drained even during low tide. The size of the NP depends primarily on
the targeted yearly production of fingerlings.
b. Transition pond (TP). This is used for the storage or acclimatization of fingerlings
located adjacent to the nursery pond for effective and easy transfer of fry. Its pond
bottom is constructed 0.20 m lower than that of the nursery pond.
c. Rearing pond (RP). It is used for raising fingerlings up to marketable size. It is the
largest compartment in the pond system.
d. Breeding pond. It is used for confining the breeders.
e. Hatching pond. It is used for depositing eggs until these are hatched.
f. Catching pond (CP). It is used for confining and catching fry, fingerlings and fish of
marketable size. It is constructed adjacent to the secondary gate inside the pond.
g. Head pond. It is used for storing reserve water.
h. Feed pond. It is used for producing food such as “lab-lab” and “lumot”. In fishpond
areas where natural foods do not grow well and supplementary feeding is necessary,
one of the RPs or NPs could be utilized as a feed pond. It should be a separate
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compartment ideally located near the pond where supplementary feeding is

intended.

Common Accessory Units of a Fishpond and their Functions

1. Main gate. A wooden or concrete structure that controls water in the pond system
2. Secondary gate. Controls the incoming and outgoing water in the different pond units
3. Tertiary gates or pipes. Controls the incoming and outgoing water in the smaller
compartments of the pond system.
4. Main/perimeter dike. Surrounds the entire pond system to ensure protection and
safety of the stocks. It is composed of the biggest and highest blocks of earth and is
usually provided with strong basal foundation and puddle trench.
5. Secondary dike. Subdivides the pond system into several compartments with or
without basal foundation and puddle trench.
6. Tertiary dike. Subdivides the pond system into smaller compartments and serves as
partition in the nursery pond.

Figure 6. Main gate Figure 7. Secondary gate Figure 8. Tertiary gate

Figure 9. Main/Perimeter Dike Figure 10. Secondary Dike Figure 11. Tertiary Dike

Other Pond Support Structures

a. Water supply canals (SC). These canals serve the purpose of supplying and draining
water to and from the pond. The main water supply canal starts from the main gate
and usually transverse the central portion of the fish farms. The floor slopes
towards the gate floor. A 10-15 ha pond is provided with SC having a width of at
least 3 m.
b. Drainage Canals (DC). These are support structures usually constructed in the outer
sides of the pond parallel or perpendicular to the SC. These are recommended in the
intensive culture, especially of shrimps, to effect flow-through system and better
water management.

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c. Pumps. These are machines used in pumping water into and out of the ponds. These
are very necessary during the dry season when the water level is low and the salinity
of brackish water ponds become too high. There must be at least 2 water pumps for
every hectare of fishpond available for use, one as back up pump to the one
commonly used.
Types of Improved Fishpond Layouts

1. Conventional. It consists of one main

gate and long water supply canal. This
supplies the different compartments

Figure 12. Conventional type fishpond

2. Radiating. It has one main gate, wide

and short supply canal, and secondary
gates in the different compartments

Figure 13. Radiating type fishpond

3. Progressive. It consists of one main
gate, long supply canal and a
secondary gate provided to different
compartments of progressively
increasing areas
Figure 14. Progressive type fishpond

4. Specialized. It has one main gate and one

or two drainage gates. There is also a
compartment with two secondary gates
and a large supply and catching
canal/pond.
Figure 15. Specialized type fishpond

Advantages of the Improved Types of Layout

1. Easy control of pond water.

2. Easy eradication of fish pest and predator.
3. Easy means of cropping.
4. Cultivation of the pond bottom can be done when desired.
5. Artificial feeding can be conducted easily when resorted to after the natural food of
fish has been consumed.

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High productivity.

Marginal Information of the Map

The following should appear in a map for a fishpond.
1. Sheet Name or Title. It is the name of the map. This should be placed on top of the
map.
2. Sheet Number. It should be placed on the upper right – hand corner of the map.
3. Scale. It should be placed at the center, below the map.
4. Legend. It should be placed on the lower right – hand corner of the map.
5. Edition Note. It should be placed on the lower left – hand corner of the map.

Layout Specifications for Brackish Water Fishpond Systems

1. Conventional Pond System. The NP
comprises about 1% of the total
production area (TPA). The TP
comprises about 9% of the TPA. The
RP comprises about 80% of the TPA.
The CP intended for a NP and TP must
be at least 2% of the compartment’s Figure 16.Conventional pond system
watered area and 1 to 1½ if it is intended
for the RP.
2. Modular Pond System. The NP
comprises about 4% of the TPA. The TP
covers only 6% of the TPA. The RP is
divided into three Production Process
Stages (PPS). The main idea is to
transfer the fingerlings to the next larger
module. The ratio of the area of the
three stages of PPS is 1:2:4 for upper Figure 17. Modular Pond System
PPS and 1:3:9 for lower PPS.
3. Multiple Stock/Harvest System. There will
be at least two NP’s comprising 6% of the
total production area. A fish holding canal
(FHC), which holds fingerlings when the
rearing ponds are being prepared, covers at
least 1% of each RP’s area. It is connected
to the RP in such a way that each RP will Figure 18. Multiple Stock /Harvest System
have a separate FHC. The RP covers up to
94% of the TPA including FHC
The general practice is to stock at different times, different sizes and group of
fingerlings and harvest the bigger ones selectively with the use of the gill net.

Dikes and Gates

1. Dikes
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 Types of Dikes
A. Primary, main or perimeter dike
- It is the widest among the types of dikes with the most gradual slope.
- It is the dike that should be provided with the
freeboard of 0.3 – 1.0 meter after shrinkage
and settlement.
- The dike is usually provided with puddle
trench measuring 30 cm in width and 50 cm in
height dug up along the central path of such a
dike.
Freeboard – is the additional height of the
structure, e.g. main dike, above high water
level to prevent over flow. Figure 19. Perimeter/Main Dike
B. Partition Dikes
b.1 Secondary Dike. This is smaller than the main dike with gradual slope and which encloses
the nursery pond, transition pond, and rearing pond.
b.2 Tertiary dike. It is the smallest and lowest in height which encloses the catching pond and
fry acclimation pond.

Gates
Primary/Main Gate
- It is the largest and tallest gate in the entire
pond system.

Figure 20. Parts of a Concrete Main Gate

a. Secondary Gate. It is a gate situated on
the partition dikes. It is made of either concrete
hollow blocks, reinforced concrete mix, or wood.
b. Tertiary gate. It is a gate installed in the
catching ponds. It is the smallest gate with
Figure 21. Parts of a Wooden Secondary Gate opening width of 0.5 – 0.8 m.

I. Directions: Prepare a portfolio or compilation of plates of the different layouts fishpond, main
gate and main dike .
Drawing No. Title Date Rating
1 Conventional Type of Fishpond
2 Radiating Type of Fishpond
3 Progressive Type of Fishpond
4 Specialized Type of Fishpond
5 Conventional Fishpond Layout

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6 Modular Pond System

7 Multiple Stock/Harvest System
8 Layout of a Main Dike
9 Layout of a Main Gate
Note: Your drawing doesn’t necessarily be scaled.

Directions: In two or three sentences, answer the given questions below. Write your answers
in your test notebook.
1. Why is it important to properly design and layout the fishpond?
2. Why is it important to use a scale in drawing the layout of a fishpond?
3. If you were to choose among the designs of fishpond, what type or design would you
choose? Why?

Directions: Make a miniature fishpond using the materials listed below. Write the
specifications or designs of your layout.
I. Materials:
Molding Clay Plywood (1m x 1m) Scissors
Cutter Glue Marker
Card board Tooth pick/bamboo sticks used net
Ruler Pencil pallet
II. Specific Instructions:
1. First, layout a one hectare fishpond using your pencil and a ruler on a 1 m x 1 m plywood.
Decide on the design that you are going to use, shape, scale, number of compartments,
and others.
2. Next, mold a clay using the cutter and palette into the shape of a perimeter dike,
secondary dike and a tertiary dike. Then place
them on the layout following their specific
markings.
3. Then, make the accessory units of your fishpond
such as the main gate, secondary gate and
tertiary gate using the other materials.
4. Finally, write the necessary legends below
your layout using your marker.
Figure 22. Constructing a Fishpond Scale Model

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Glossary

Accessory - an object or device not essential in itself but adding to the beauty, convenience,
or effectiveness of something else
Acclimatization – is the process of adjusting the fish to its new environment
Basal - relating to, situated at, or forming the base
Brackish water – that type of water which is somewhat salty and range from 15 – 35 ppt in
salinity; a mixture of fresh and salt water
Breeders – are mature fish species capable of producing their own young
Compartment – an enclosed space or area that is usually part of something larger and is
often used to hold a specific thing
Conventional – usual or traditional
Fingerling – a stage in the life cycle of the fish measuring 6 – 13 cm depending on the
species
Fry - a stage at which a fish has just been hatched usually with sizes from 1 – 2.5 cm
Hectare – a metric unit of land area equivalent to 10, 000 m2
Layout – the design or arrangement of something; the way something is laid out.
Specification - a detailed description of work to be done or materials to be used in a
project: an instruction that says exactly how to do or make something
Stock – refers to animal such as fish or shrimp that is being cultured

Lesson 2: Evaluate the Suitable Site for Fishpond

Introduction

Aside from good management practices, an ideal site for fishpond construction
ensures success in the aquaculture business. Just like humans, fishes need a desirable place
for them to grow well.
A good source of clean, safe and sufficient water is necessary since fishes are primarily
dependent on it. The water parameters should also be within the optimum tolerable range
of the fish. Other factors like type of soil, topography, accessibility, vegetation, and socio-
economic consideration are also crucial matters in the success of an aquaculture venture.

Specific Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. assess the suitability of the site for fishpond construction.
2. analyze the type of soil in the area.
3. determine the adequacy of water in the area using the flow rate meter.
4. analyze the water parameters in the area.

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Factors to Consider in Selecting Fishpond Site

Water Supply.
Water supply is the foremost factor to consider in selecting a fishpond site. The site must
have adequate water supply throughout the year and be free from pesticide contamination
and pollution. Sources of water can be a surface runoff, stream, creek or irrigation for
freshwater fish culture, and brackish water and sea water for salt water fish production.

Limnological Analysis of Pond Site

a. Flow Rate. The expected time is determined when the fishpond
is filled with the required amount of water. Flow rate meters are
used to measure linear, non-linear mass or volumetric flow of
liquids or gases. Figure 23. Flow Rate Meter
b. Water Quality Analysis. The collection of a water sample is
considered important.
This is best taken by obtaining a sample of the water column from top to bottom at
the middle of rivers, streams, lakes, and irrigation canals.

Types of Water Containers for Water Sample

The following are suitable containers for keeping water samples prior to water quality analysis in the
laboratory.
a. Chemically resistant-glass
b. Polyethylene bags
c. Hard rubber container

Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26.

Chemical Polyehtylene bottle Brown/Amber bottles
Resistant
Glass

How to Handle and Store Samples

Keeping the water samples in storage at 40C is the best way to preserve them to obtain
reliable results.
Types of Samples
a. Grab or catch sample. A single sample taken neither at set time nor flow.
b. Composite sample. A combination of individual samples of water taken at selected
interval.
c. Integrated sample. A mixture of grab samples collected from different points
simultaneously.

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A simple bio assay can be done using the following techniques:

Place two or three samples of fish Place a hapa or a scoop net with 3-5
that you will culture in a pail full of samples of fish that you will culture at
water from the source to be tested for least 25-50 m from the water source.
at least one-half day.

The water is safe to use when the fish samples remain alive after half a day. Ocular
inspection or nasal testing to determine the presence of toxic substances is generally
ineffective.
The maintenance of good water ensures a healthy fish population because good water
quality affects the growth and reproduction of fish. If the water quality is beyond tolerable
limits, fish health is adversely affected.

Water Temperature. All fishes have tolerable limits to water temperature. When water
temperature goes beyond or below the temperature tolerance limit of the fish, the effects
are as follows:
a. abnormal metabolism resulting in poor growth, abnormal activities or stress
b. poor response to feeds
c. very poor feed conversion ratio
An ordinary thermometer or an equivalent device can be used to measure water temperature.

Figure 29. A thermometer

Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH). pH is the acidity or alkalinity of water. If the pH is between
0 and 6 the water is acidic, and if the pH is 7.0, it is neutral. Alkaline water has a pH of 8-14.
The ideal pH range for freshwater fish culture is 6.5 - 8.9.
The effect of various pH on fish is shown in the table below:
pH Range Effect
0 – 4.0 Fish die because of acidity
4.1 – 5.0 No reproduction
5.1 – 6.4 Slow growth
6.5 – 9.0 Fish thrives well and grows fast
9.1 - 14 Fish dies due to alkalinity

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Measure the pH with the use of a litmus paper, pH

comparator, portable pH meter or a Hack kit. Acidic water is
sour; alkaline water is bitter.
Acidic water is common in swamps and bogs in stagnant areas.
The application of agricultural lime corrects pH in a pond.
Figure 30. pH meter
Ammonia. This is a substance highly toxic to fish. The symptoms of ammonia toxicity in fish
are the following:
a. spongy appearance of gill filaments
b. presence of bloody gills
c. excessive production of slime
d. distended operculum
e. poor growth of fish
One of the most common causes of high ammonia level in a pond is the heavy application of manure.
The composition of organic matter and the over growth of plankton increase the ammonia level in
the pond water.

2. Soil Type
The soil is a very important factor in the fishpond. It is the material used for diking and it also
serves as the base. It absorbs and releases nutrients needed by the plants and phytoplanktons
that serve as natural food of fish and shrimps. Furthermore, the quality of pond water is
directly affected by the quality of the soil in the fishpond.
Types of Soil
The textural properties of soil determine the suitability of the soil for fishpond purposes. Clay,
clay-loam, silt-clay-loam, loam, and sandy-clay-loam are the types of soil most preferred for
fishpond construction.
The mineral particles of the soil are clay, silt, and sand while the organic particles are the
plant and animal matters at various stages of decomposition. Soils have assigned textural
classes depending on the varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay. Each textural class
exhibits varying colors which are based on their chemical composition, amount of organic
matters present, and the degree of decomposition.
The US Department of Agriculture Classification System has classified soil as follows:
General Terms

Common Texture Basic Soil Textural

Names Class Name
1. Sandy Soil Coarse Sandy
Sandy loam
2. Loamy Soil Moderately Coarse Sandy loam
Fine Sandy loam
Medium to Very Fine Sandy Loam
Moderately Fine Loam
Silt Loam

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Silt

3. Clayey Soil Fine Sandy Clay

Silt Clay
Clay
Clay Loam
Sandy Clay Loam
Silt Clay Loam

Clay or sandy clay may be best for dike construction but not as good as clay loam in terms of
growing natural food. Sandy clay loam is the best type for diking purposes. A high percentage
of clay is desired because it has the largest surface exposed to chemical and physical
reactions. Chemical and physical reactions stimulate the growth of plankton and helpful
bacteria. A sandy loam soil is more porous than silty loam thus, it has a lesser capacity to hold
nutrients.
Relationship of Soil Classes and Sustainability for Dike Material

Relative Characteristic Compaction Sustainability

Class
Permeability Compressibility Characteristic Dike Material
Clay Impervious Medium Fair to Good Excellent
Sandy Clay Impervious Low Good Good
Semi-impervious Fair to very
Loamy High Fair
to Impervious poor
Semi-impervious Good to very
Silty Medium to high Poor
to Impervious poor
Sandy Pervious Negligible Good Poor
Peaty - - - Very poor

Field Determination of Soil Textural Class

The determination of the soil class is made in the field mainly by feeling the soil with the
fingers. While this requires skill and experience, accuracy can be achieved by frequently
checking it against established laboratory results.

The following are the definitions of the basic soil textural classes using the manual testing in the
field;
1. Sand. A type of loose and single-grained. The individual grains can readily be seen or
felt. Squeezed when dry, it will form a cast which readily falls apart, but if squeezed
when moist, a cast can be formed that will need careful handling so it will not break
apart.
2. Loam. A loam is a soil having a relatively even mixture of different grades of sand and
of silt and clay. It is mellow with a somewhat gritty feel, yet fairly smooth and slightly

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plastic. Squeezed when dry, it will form a cast that will bear careful handling, while
the cast formed by squeezing the moist soil can be handled quite freely without
breaking.
3. Silt loam. A silt loam is a soil having a moderate amount of the fine grains of sand and
only a small amount of clay, over half of the particles being of the size called “silt”.
When dry it may appear cloddy but the lumps can be readily ran together and
puddled. Either dry or moist, it will form cast that can be freely handled without
breaking, but when moistened and squeezed between the fingers, it will not form a
“ribbon” but will give a broken appearance.
4. Clay loam. A clay loam is a fine-textured soil which usually breaks into clods of lumps
that are hard when dry. When the moist soil is pinched between thumb and fingers,
it will form a thin “ribbon” which will break readily, barely sustaining its own weight.
The moist soil is plastic and will form a cast that will bear much handling. When
kneaded in the hand it does not crumble readily but tends to work into a heavy
compact mass.
5. Clay. It is a fine-textured soil that usually forms very hard lumps or clods when dry and
is quite plastic and usually sticky when wet. When the moist soil is pinched out
between the thumb and fingers, it will form a long, flexible “ribbon”. Some fine clays
that are very high in colloids are friable and lack plasticity in all conditions of moisture.
6. Such definitions are suggestive only. An accurate method of determining textural
classes of the soil is by mechanical analysis. In this analysis, the relative amounts of
sand, silt, and clay fractions are determined and by plotting the results in the
triangular chart, the textural classification of the soil can be known. A very rapid
method of mechanical analysis is one devised by Bouyoucos using a graduated
cylinder, hydrometer and thermometer.
3. Topography
Choose a flat terrain for easier excavation and levelling. If the topography is too undulating,
the construction cost increases greatly and further excavation work also removes the fertile
portion of the pond bottom. Avoid sites that are frequently flooded. The right topography
also provides easy in water management and control of fish predators and competitors.
Wind direction.
Wind plays a role in fishpond design. Strong wind generates wave action that weakens the
sides of the dike. To minimize this, position the longer pond dimensions parallel to the
direction of the prevailing wind to lessen the side of the dike exposed to wave action.
4. Protection from flood
If the fishpond site is prone to flooding, construct a diversion canal along the perimeter dike
to divert runoff water during heavy downpour; construct a larger and higher perimeter dike
to prevent the entrance of flood water.
a. Vegetation.
All kinds and types of plants may cover the proposed fishpond site. This will be the
basis for construction estimate and development cost. If possible, avoid thickly-
vegetated areas.
b. Accessibility or nearness to market

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Fish is a perishable commodity, hence the farther the site from the market, the
greater the possibility that the fish will become stale, which will result in a lower price.
c. Socio-Economic Consideration
Cheap labor and construction materials must be accessible in the locality. As much as
possible, the site should also be accessible to sufficient sources of fry or fingerlings for
ready stocking. The program of operation will be hampered if fish seeds are not
available when needed. Moreover, peace and order situation in the locality should be
considered when putting up a fishpond project. The availability of sources of capital
like financial institutions must also be considered.

Directions: Below are pictures with descriptions of the possible site for a fishpond. With the
knowledge you gained from this lesson, assess the suitability of the site and give some
recommendations for the construction of fishpond

Figure 31. A 0.5 hectare vacant lot Figure 32. Meycauayan – Obando River 10 Figure 33. Municipal road 5 meters
meters away from the proposed site away from the proposed site

A. Location of the Site: Barangay Ubihan, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan

B. Area of the Site: 0.5 Hectare
C. Other Descriptions of the Site:
 5 meters away from the municipal road
 Prone to flooding during high tides
 Possible source of water is from a river
 Type of soil is sandy clay
 80% of the people are fishermen and fishpond caretakers
D. Assessment and Recommendations:
Water Supply
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Soil Type
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Vegetation
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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Accessibility
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Flood Hazard
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Socio-economic Consideration
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
E. General Assessment:
Is the site suited for fishpond construction? Why?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Directions: In your test notebook, answer the questions below.

 What are the factors that you have to consider in selecting a suitable site for
fishpond?
 What is the best alternative you should consider if you encounter sites with low
volume water supply or small/narrow tidal difference?
 Knowing the flood history of the site, what modifications will you do so that the
fishpond that you will construct will be safe from flood waters?

Directions: Conduct a field visit in your locality. Take pictures of the possible site and assess
its suitability in terms of fishpond construction. Fill up the Assessment Sheet below based
from your observation.
Location of the Site:
Area of the Site:
Possible Source of
Water:
Other Factors: Assessment (Put a check (/) mark under the appropriate column)
Very Ideal Ideal Not Ideal
a. Type of Soil
b. Topography
c. Vegetation
d. Accessibility
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e. Flood Hazard
f. Socio-economic

Evaluation Criteria:
*Very Ideal – indicates that the site is perfect for the particular indicator
*Ideal – indicates that the site is not so ideal for the particular indicator but can be resolved
through some modifications
*Not Ideal – indicates that the site is not good for the particular indicator
General Assessment/Recommendation:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Glossary

Bio-assay. The determination of the relative strength of a substance (as a drug) by comparing
its effect on a test organism with that of a standard preparation
Bog. A wet spongy ground; especially a poorly drained usually acid area rich in accumulated
plant material, frequently surrounding a body of open water and having a characteristic flora.
Excavation. The act of digging
Impervious. Not allowing entrance or passage; impenetrable
Limnology. The scientific study of bodies of freshwater (as lakes and rivers)
Linear. Relating to, resembling, or having a graph that is a line and especially a straight line
Swamp. Land that is always wet and often partly covered with water
Topography. The physical or natural features of a place
Undulating. Having a wavy surface, edge, or marking

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