Baseline Survey PDF

OFFICE OF THE TEXTILE COMMISSIONER
Revised Final Report_2.0
Baseline survey of the technical textile industry in India
Jan 2016
ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited

Final report on Baseline Survey of Technical Textiles in India
Contents
Part A. Project Background ......................................................................................................... 25
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 26
2. IMaCS’ Approach ....................................................................................................................... 27
3. Structure of report .................................................................................................................... 34
Part B. Overview of Technical Textiles in India .......................................................................... 37
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 38
2. Market Summary ...................................................................................................................... 39
3. New Technical textile products ................................................................................................. 66
4. Investment in Technical textiles ................................................................................................ 70
5. Geographical spread of technical textiles .................................................................................. 77
6. Technical textile process ........................................................................................................... 81
7. Standards for technical textiles ................................................................................................. 82
8. Potential usage by Institutional Players .................................................................................... 84
9. Success stories........................................................................................................................... 92
Part C. Segment wise Information on Technical Textiles in India ............................................ 123
1. Agrotech.................................................................................................................................. 124
Shade Nets ...............................................................................................................................................128
Mulch Mats..............................................................................................................................................133
Crop covers ..............................................................................................................................................137
Anti Hail nets / Anti bird nets .................................................................................................................141
Fishing Nets .............................................................................................................................................145
Other Products ........................................................................................................................................150
2. Meditech ................................................................................................................................. 153
Baby Diapers ............................................................................................................................................161
Incontinence Diapers ..............................................................................................................................165
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Sanitary Napkins......................................................................................................................................169
Wipes .......................................................................................................................................................173
Under pads ..............................................................................................................................................176
Ear Buds ...................................................................................................................................................178
Surgical Disposables ................................................................................................................................179
Disposable Bed-sheets, Curtains and Pillow Covers .............................................................................182
Surgical Dressing Material ......................................................................................................................185
Eye Pads ...................................................................................................................................................190
Dental Floss .............................................................................................................................................191
Compression stockings and Compression Garments ...........................................................................193
Surgical Sutures .......................................................................................................................................197
Artificial Heart Valves and Heart Patches..............................................................................................200
Artificial Vascular Grafts .........................................................................................................................204
Hernia Mesh ............................................................................................................................................206
Artificial Ligaments..................................................................................................................................208
Artificial Joints .........................................................................................................................................209
Extra Corporeal........................................................................................................................................211
3. Mobiltech ................................................................................................................................ 215
Tyre Cord .................................................................................................................................................220
Seat belt webbing....................................................................................................................................223
Airbags .....................................................................................................................................................225
Car upholstery: Seat cover fabrics .........................................................................................................228
Car body covers .......................................................................................................................................231
Automotive carpets ................................................................................................................................232
Headliners ................................................................................................................................................234
Insulation Felts ........................................................................................................................................236
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Sunblind/sun visors .................................................................................................................................238
Helmets ....................................................................................................................................................240
Usage of technical textiles in airlines industry ......................................................................................242
Usage of technical textiles in railways ...................................................................................................244
4. Packtech .................................................................................................................................. 246
Polyolefin Woven Sacks (excluding FIBC) ..............................................................................................252
Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs) ......................................................................................257
Leno bags .................................................................................................................................................260
Wrapping fabric .......................................................................................................................................262
Soft Luggage ............................................................................................................................................263
Jute Hessian and Sacks (including Food grade jute bags) ....................................................................267
Tea Bags ...................................................................................................................................................273
Shopping bags .........................................................................................................................................276
5. Sportech .................................................................................................................................. 278
Sport Composites ....................................................................................................................................284
Artificial Turf ............................................................................................................................................288
Parachute Fabric .....................................................................................................................................293
Hot Air Balloon fabric ..............................................................................................................................297
Sleeping bags ...........................................................................................................................................301
Sports nets ...............................................................................................................................................304
Sports foot wear components................................................................................................................307
High Performance Sports and swimwear ..............................................................................................311
Tents.........................................................................................................................................................315
Sport strings.............................................................................................................................................320
Other Sportech Products ........................................................................................................................323
6. Buildtech ................................................................................................................................. 327
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Architectural membranes .......................................................................................................................332
Hoarding and signage (Flex) ...................................................................................................................337
Tarpaulins - Canvas & HDPE ...................................................................................................................342
HDPE Tarpaulins ......................................................................................................................................346
Awnings and Canopies ............................................................................................................................350
Scaffolding nets .......................................................................................................................................354
Wall coverings .........................................................................................................................................357
Acoustic fabrics .......................................................................................................................................362
7. Clothtech ................................................................................................................................. 365
Laces and tapes .......................................................................................................................................370
Interlinings ...............................................................................................................................................375
Zip fasteners ............................................................................................................................................382
Elastic Narrow Fabrics.............................................................................................................................387
Hook and Loop fasteners ........................................................................................................................393
Labels .......................................................................................................................................................399
Umbrella Cloth ........................................................................................................................................407
Sewing Threads for specialised/ industrial purposes ...........................................................................410
8. Hometech................................................................................................................................ 416
Fibre fill ....................................................................................................................................................422
Ticking fabrics ..........................................................................................................................................426
Carpet backing cloth (CBC) .....................................................................................................................430
Stuff toys ..................................................................................................................................................434
Blind and blind fabrics ............................................................................................................................439
Filter fabrics – HVAC and Vacuum Cleaner ...........................................................................................443
Non woven wipes for home use ............................................................................................................449
Mosquito Nets .........................................................................................................................................453
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Furniture fabrics & other coated fabrics ...............................................................................................456
9. Protech .................................................................................................................................... 462
Bullet Proof Protective Jackets - BPF .....................................................................................................468
Fire retardant Apparels...........................................................................................................................473
Fire retardant Fabrics..............................................................................................................................478
Nuclear Biological and chemical Protection (NBC) suits ......................................................................481
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) .......................................................................................................484
High Visibility Clothing ............................................................................................................................488
Industrial gloves components ................................................................................................................491
High Altitude Clothing .............................................................................................................................495
Outer Protective clothing .......................................................................................................................498
10. Geotech ............................................................................................................................... 503
11. Oekotech ............................................................................................................................. 517
12. Indutech .............................................................................................................................. 522
Conveyor Belts.........................................................................................................................................528
Drive belts ................................................................................................................................................531
Cigarette filter rods .................................................................................................................................534
Decatising cloth .......................................................................................................................................536
Bolting Cloth ............................................................................................................................................538
Absorbent Glass Mat Battery separators ..............................................................................................540
Coated Abrasives.....................................................................................................................................542
Ropes and cordages ................................................................................................................................545
Composites ..............................................................................................................................................552
Printed Circuit Boards .............................................................................................................................554
Filtration products...................................................................................................................................557
Computer printer ribbon ........................................................................................................................561
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Paper making fabrics...............................................................................................................................563
Industrial webbings and slings ...............................................................................................................566
Others ......................................................................................................................................................568
13. Non- Woven ........................................................................................................................ 571
14. Speciality fibres ................................................................................................................... 584
15. Composites .......................................................................................................................... 593
Part D. Technical Textile Industry Analysis .............................................................................. 605
1. Raw Material Availability ........................................................................................................ 607
2. Technology .............................................................................................................................. 624
3. Policy framework .................................................................................................................... 630
Technical textile policy of Central Government....................................................................................630
Make in India Programme ......................................................................................................................637
State-wise Technical Textile policy ........................................................................................................640
Duty Drawback structure for Technical textiles ....................................................................................678
4. Centre of Excellence– A one stop shop for technical textiles .................................................. 686
Indian CoEs ..............................................................................................................................................687
Profiles of Centres of Excellence in other Countries ............................................................................712
Key Learning from foreign COEs ............................................................................................................721
5. Manpower Availability ............................................................................................................ 723
Skill Development ...................................................................................................................................726
6. Mandatory regulations for technical textiles across different countries ................................. 735
7. Competitive Assessment of India vis-a-vis other countries ..................................................... 753
8. Opportunities, Challenges & Recommendations ..................................................................... 765
Vision........................................................................................................................................................766
Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................767
Fiscal.........................................................................................................................................................767
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Research and Development ...................................................................................................................767
Export Promotion ....................................................................................................................................769
Promotion of Investment in Technical Textiles: ...................................................................................770
Regulatory Mechanism for promotion of Usage of technical textiles ................................................772
Others ......................................................................................................................................................780
Annexure ........................................................................................................................................... 786
1. Profile of key players ............................................................................................................... 786
2. Technical Textile Images ......................................................................................................... 882
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Exhibit 1: Summary of IMaCS Approach .......................................................................................................... 27

Exhibit 2: Indian technical textile Industry w.r.t textile sector ...................................................................... 39
Exhibit 3: Market summary of technical textiles ............................................................................................. 39
Exhibit 4: Market size pie product wise ........................................................................................................... 40
Exhibit 5: Domestic market trend .................................................................................................................... 40
Exhibit 6: Per capita consumption of technical textiles in India .................................................................... 41
Exhibit 7: Domestic Consumption for technical textiles ................................................................................. 41
Exhibit 8: Export import trend for technical textiles....................................................................................... 42
Exhibit 9: Export distribution for technical textiles ......................................................................................... 42
Exhibit 10: Import distribution for technical textiles ...................................................................................... 43
Exhibit 11: Market summary of Agrotech ........................................................................................................ 44
Exhibit 12: Market summary of Meditech ....................................................................................................... 45
Exhibit 13: Market size for Mobiltech .............................................................................................................. 50
Exhibit 14: Market sizing of Packtech .............................................................................................................. 52
Exhibit 15: Market summary of Sportech ........................................................................................................ 54
Exhibit 16: Market summary of Buildtech ....................................................................................................... 56
Exhibit 17: Market summary of Clothtech ....................................................................................................... 57
Exhibit 18: Market summary of Hometech ..................................................................................................... 59
Exhibit 19: Market summary of Protech .......................................................................................................... 61
Exhibit 20: Market summary of Geotech ......................................................................................................... 63
Exhibit 21: Market summary of Oekotech ....................................................................................................... 63
Exhibit 22: Market summary of Indutech ........................................................................................................ 64
Exhibit 23: Market summary of new technical textiles .................................................................................. 66
Exhibit 24: Market size pie product wise – New Technical textile products ................................................. 67
Exhibit 25: New technical textile products – Growth prospects .................................................................... 67
Exhibit 26: Term loans in technical textiles through TUFS ............................................................................. 70
Exhibit 27: Investment across states................................................................................................................ 71
Exhibit 28: Key investments in technical textile sector in last few years ...................................................... 71
Exhibit 29: FDI in textile and technical textiles................................................................................................ 74
Exhibit 30: Geographical distribution of key technical textile industries ...................................................... 80
Exhibit 31: Different standards for technical textiles ..................................................................................... 82
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Exhibit 32: New standards envisaged .............................................................................................................. 83

Exhibit 33: Key Institutional buyers of technical textiles ................................................................................ 88
Exhibit 34: Share of key institutional buyers ................................................................................................... 89
Exhibit 35: Key Institutional buyers of technical textiles ................................................................................ 91
Exhibit 36: Export growth of Garware ............................................................................................................. 94
Exhibit 37: laminated fabric production of SRF ............................................................................................... 95
Exhibit 38: Market summary of Agrotech ......................................................................................................125
Exhibit 39: Product wise market share under Agrotech ...............................................................................126
Exhibit 40: Profitability of key players - Agrotech .........................................................................................127
Exhibit 41: Usage pattern of shade net..........................................................................................................128
Exhibit 42: NHM subsidy for shade nets ........................................................................................................129
Exhibit 43: Market size estimate for shade net.............................................................................................130
Exhibit 44: Export of shade nets from India ..................................................................................................131
Exhibit 45: Import export trend for shade nets.............................................................................................132
Exhibit 46: Market size estimate for Mulch Mats .........................................................................................135
Exhibit 47: Export of mulch mats from India .................................................................................................135
Exhibit 48: Market size estimate for Crop covers .........................................................................................138
Exhibit 49: Export of crop covers from India .................................................................................................139
Exhibit 50: Export trend for crop covers ........................................................................................................139
Exhibit 51: Market size estimate for Anti bird & hail nets ............................................................................142
Exhibit 52: Export of anti hail & anti bird nets from India ............................................................................143
Exhibit 53: Market size estimate ....................................................................................................................146
Exhibit 54: Import trends ................................................................................................................................147
Exhibit 55: Import export trend for fishing nets ...........................................................................................148
Exhibit 56: Market summary of Meditech .....................................................................................................154
Exhibit 57: Key manufacturing companies ....................................................................................................158
Exhibit 58: Profitability of key companies .....................................................................................................160
Exhibit 59 Market-size of Non-woven for baby diapers ...............................................................................162
Exhibit 60: Manufacturing capacities .............................................................................................................163
Exhibit 61 Import-Export: Baby Diapers ........................................................................................................163
Exhibit 62: Import export trend for baby diapers .........................................................................................163
Exhibit 63 Market-size of Non-woven (adult diapers industry) ...................................................................166
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Exhibit 64: Import-Export: Adult Diapers.......................................................................................................166

Exhibit 65: Import export trend for incontinence diapers ...........................................................................167
Exhibit 66 Market-size of Non-woven (sanitary napkin industry)................................................................170
Exhibit 67 Import-Export: Sanitary Napkins ..................................................................................................170
Exhibit 68: Import export trend for sanitary napkins ...................................................................................171
Exhibit 69: Market size - wipes .......................................................................................................................174
Exhibit 70: Import and export of wipes .........................................................................................................174
Exhibit 71: Import export trend for wipes .....................................................................................................175
Exhibit 72: top trading countries ....................................................................................................................175
Exhibit 73: Market size for under pads ..........................................................................................................177
Exhibit 74: Market size for ear buds ..............................................................................................................178
Exhibit 75: Nonwoven consumption norm ....................................................................................................180
Exhibit 76: Market size of non woven surgical disposable ...........................................................................181
Exhibit 77: Market for nonwovens in surgical disposable ............................................................................182
Exhibit 78: Import - export - surgical disposables .........................................................................................183
Exhibit 79: Import export trend for surgical disposables .............................................................................184
Exhibit 80: Usage norm - surgical dressings ..................................................................................................187
Exhibit 81: Market size - surgical sutures ......................................................................................................187
Exhibit 82: Import export - surgical dressing .................................................................................................188
Exhibit 83: Import export trend for surgical dressings .................................................................................189
Exhibit 84: Market size - eye pads ..................................................................................................................190
Exhibit 85: Market size dental floss................................................................................................................191
Exhibit 86: import export - dental floss .........................................................................................................191
Exhibit 87: Import export trend for dental floss ...........................................................................................192
Exhibit 88: Market size - compression stockings...........................................................................................193
Exhibit 89: Market size compression garments ............................................................................................194
Exhibit 90: Import export trend - compression garments ............................................................................194
Exhibit 91: Import export trend for compression garments ........................................................................195
Exhibit 92: Import export trend for compression stocking ..........................................................................195
Exhibit 93: Market size - surgical sutures ......................................................................................................198
Exhibit 94: Import-Export: Surgical Sutures...................................................................................................198
Exhibit 95: Import export trend for surgical sutures ....................................................................................199
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Exhibit 96: Top trading countries ...................................................................................................................199

Exhibit 97: Market size - prosthetics ..............................................................................................................200
Exhibit 98: Market size - heart valves ............................................................................................................201
Exhibit 99: Market size - Heart patches .........................................................................................................202
Exhibit 100: Import of artificial heart valves .................................................................................................202
Exhibit 101: Import export trend for heart valves ........................................................................................203
Exhibit 102: Market size - vascular grafts ......................................................................................................204
Exhibit 103: Import export - vascular grafts ..................................................................................................205
Exhibit 104: Import export trend for artificial vascular grafts......................................................................205
Exhibit 105: Market size - artificial mesh .......................................................................................................206
Exhibit 106: Import export - artificial mesh ...................................................................................................207
Exhibit 107: Import export trend for Hernia Mesh .......................................................................................207
Exhibit 108: Market size - artificial ligaments................................................................................................208
Exhibit 109: Import & export - artificial ligament .........................................................................................208
Exhibit 110: Import export trend for artificial ligaments..............................................................................209
Exhibit 111: Market size estimate ..................................................................................................................210
Exhibit 112: Import export - artificial joints...................................................................................................210
Exhibit 113: Import export trend for artificial joints .....................................................................................210
Exhibit 114: Market size - artificial kidney .....................................................................................................212
Exhibit 115: Import export - artificial kidneys ...............................................................................................212
Exhibit 116: Import export trend for artificial kidneys .................................................................................213
Exhibit 117: Market size for Mobiltech ..........................................................................................................216
Exhibit 118: Profitability of key players - Mobiltech .....................................................................................218
Exhibit 119: Market size estimate of tyre cord .............................................................................................220
Exhibit 120: Tyre production in India .............................................................................................................221
Exhibit 121: Export Import of tyre cord - FYE13 vs. FYE08 ...........................................................................222
Exhibit 122: Export & import - tyre cords ......................................................................................................222
Exhibit 123: Market size estimate seat belts .................................................................................................223
Exhibit 124: Automobile production trend ....................................................................................................224
Exhibit 125: Import export trends of seat belt webbing ..............................................................................224
Exhibit 126: Market size estimate air bags ....................................................................................................225
Exhibit 127: Import export trends for airbag module assemblies ...............................................................226
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Exhibit 128: Market size estimate car upholstery .........................................................................................228

Exhibit 129: Contribution of car seat cover sales from new and replacement market for 2012-13 .........228
Exhibit 130: Import trends car seat covers ....................................................................................................229
Exhibit 131: Import trend for seat cover fabric .............................................................................................230
Exhibit 132: Market size estimate of car body cover ....................................................................................231
Exhibit 133: Market size estimate of automotive interior carpets ..............................................................232
Exhibit 134: Import trends automotive interior carpets ..............................................................................233
Exhibit 135: Market size estimate of headliner.............................................................................................234
Exhibit 136: Import trends of headliner.........................................................................................................235
Exhibit 137: Import trend of Headliner - TT Component - 2012-13 vs 2007-08 .........................................235
Exhibit 138: Market size estimate of insulation felts ....................................................................................236
Exhibit 139: Import trends of insulation felts ................................................................................................237
Exhibit 140: Market size estimate - sun blinds ..............................................................................................238
Exhibit 141: Import trends - sun blinds ..........................................................................................................239
Exhibit 142: Market size estimate for helmets..............................................................................................241
Exhibit 143: Sale of two wheelers in India and corresponding year-on-year growth ................................241
Exhibit 144: Indian Air traffic (Number of passengers carried in millions) for the past five years ............242
Exhibit 145 : Import trends - aircraft webbings and upholstery ..................................................................243
Exhibit 146: Statistics of Indian railways........................................................................................................244
Exhibit 147: Market sizing of seat cover fabrics in railways .........................................................................245
Exhibit 148: Market sizing of Packtech ..........................................................................................................247
Exhibit 149: Profitability of key players - Mobiltech .....................................................................................249
Exhibit 150: Break -up of Raffia industry .......................................................................................................250
Exhibit 151: Market size estimate of Raffia Industry ....................................................................................250
Exhibit 152: Revenue of key manufacturers..................................................................................................251
Exhibit 153: Product characteristics - HDPE bags..........................................................................................252
Exhibit 154: Woven bag details ......................................................................................................................252
Exhibit 155: Market size - woven poly-olefin bags........................................................................................253
Exhibit 156: Import Export trends for polyolefin sacks industry..................................................................255
Exhibit 157: Specifications of FIBC bags.........................................................................................................257
Exhibit 158: Weight of FIBC bags....................................................................................................................257
Exhibit 159: TT component in FIBC ................................................................................................................258
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Exhibit 160: Market size estimate of FIBC .....................................................................................................258

Exhibit 161: Import export trends for FIBCs ..................................................................................................259
Exhibit 162: Key application - leno bags ........................................................................................................260
Exhibit 163: Market size of leno bags ............................................................................................................260
Exhibit 164: Export trends of Leno bags ........................................................................................................261
Exhibit 165: Market size of wrapping fabric .................................................................................................262
Exhibit 166: Market size of technical textile component in soft luggage ...................................................263
Exhibit 167: Particulars about the soft luggage industry..............................................................................264
Exhibit 168: Key manufacturers of soft luggage in India ..............................................................................264
Exhibit 169: Import export trends for soft luggage.......................................................................................265
Exhibit 170: Import trends of Soft luggage - TT component - 2012-13 vs. 2007-08...................................266
Exhibit 171: Description of twills ....................................................................................................................268
Exhibit 172: Market size of jute hessian and jute sacks ...............................................................................269
Exhibit 173: Import export - jute hessian bags..............................................................................................270
Exhibit 174: Export trend of Jute hessian and sacks - 2012-13 vs 2007-08.................................................270
Exhibit 175: Market sizing tea bag filter ........................................................................................................274
Exhibit 176: Tea bag filter - trade trends .......................................................................................................274
Exhibit 177: Import trend of tea bag filter paper - 2012-13 vs. 2007-08 ....................................................274
Exhibit 178: Market size estimate domestic shopping bags ........................................................................276
Exhibit 179: Shopping bags - export import trend ........................................................................................277
Exhibit 180: Market summary of Sportech ....................................................................................................279
Exhibit 181: Market size pie product wise of Sportech ................................................................................282
Exhibit 184: Import export trends ..................................................................................................................286
Exhibit 185: Import export trend....................................................................................................................287
Exhibit 186: Usage norms for artificial turf....................................................................................................289
Exhibit 187: Market size estimate for artificial turf ......................................................................................290
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Exhibit 193: Consumption norms for Hot air balloon fabric ........................................................................297
Exhibit 197: Import trends ..............................................................................................................................302
Exhibit 202: Domestic production estimate ..................................................................................................307
Exhibit 206: Market size estimate for high performance swimwear & sports wear ..................................312
Exhibit 207: Export Import trend....................................................................................................................312
Exhibit 209: Types of technical textile tents ..................................................................................................316
Exhibit 211: Export trends ..............................................................................................................................318
Exhibit 213: Quality standards for Tents........................................................................................................319
Exhibit 216: Sail cloth requirement for different boats ................................................................................323
Exhibit 218: Market summary of Buildtech ...................................................................................................328
Exhibit 219: Market size pie product wise - Buildtech..................................................................................330
Exhibit 220: Profitability of key players - Buildtech ......................................................................................330
Exhibit 222: Export Import trends ..................................................................................................................336
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Exhibit 227: Sale of MCVs in India ..................................................................................................................343
Exhibit 228: Market size estimate for canvas tarpaulins ..............................................................................343
Exhibit 231: Domestic Market size estimate .................................................................................................347
Exhibit 238: Export import trends ..................................................................................................................358
Exhibit 240: Market summary of Clothtech...................................................................................................366
Exhibit 241: Market size pie product wise - Clothtech .................................................................................368
Exhibit 242: Profitability of key Clothtech players ........................................................................................369
Exhibit 243: Total Market size estimate for laces & tapes ...........................................................................371
Exhibit 244: Import export trends – laces & tapes........................................................................................372
Exhibit 246: Market size estimate - interlinings ............................................................................................376
Exhibit 247: Import export trends - interlinings ............................................................................................378
Exhibit 249: Product characteristics ...............................................................................................................382
Exhibit 250: Major application of Zippers ......................................................................................................383
Exhibit 251: Market size estimate – zipper tape fabric ................................................................................383
Exhibit 254: Market size estimate – elastic narrow fabric............................................................................388
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Exhibit 257: Consumption norms for H & L fasteners ..................................................................................393
Exhibit 258: Market size estimate – Hook & loop fasteners ........................................................................394
Exhibit 259: Import export trends – Hook & Loop fasteners .......................................................................395
Exhibit 261: Classification of labels ................................................................................................................399
Exhibit 262: Consumption norm for labels ....................................................................................................400
Exhibit 263: Market size estimate - labels .....................................................................................................401
Exhibit 264: Import export trends - labels .....................................................................................................402
Exhibit 266: Market size estimate – umbrella fabric ....................................................................................407
Exhibit 267: Import export trends – Umbrella fabric ....................................................................................408
Exhibit 269: Industrial Applications of sewing threads .................................................................................411
Exhibit 270: Market size estimate – sewing thread ......................................................................................412
Exhibit 271: Import export trends – sewing threads ....................................................................................413
Exhibit 273: Market summary of Hometech .................................................................................................417
Exhibit 274: Market size pie product wise .....................................................................................................419
Exhibit 275: profitability of key players of Hometech ..................................................................................420
Exhibit 276: Market size estimate – fibre fill .................................................................................................423
Exhibit 277: Import export trends – fibre fill .................................................................................................424
Exhibit 279: Market size estimate – ticking fabric ........................................................................................427
Exhibit 280: Import export trends – ticking fabric ........................................................................................428
Exhibit 281: Standards for Mattresses ...........................................................................................................429
Exhibit 282: Market size estimate - CBC ........................................................................................................431
Exhibit 283: Import export trends - CBC ........................................................................................................432
Exhibit 285: Market size estimate – Stuffed toys..........................................................................................434
Exhibit 286: Import export trends – Stuffed toys..........................................................................................436
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Exhibit 288: Market size estimate – Blind fabric ...........................................................................................440

Exhibit 289: Import export trends – Blind fabric ...........................................................................................441
Exhibit 291: Filter fabric applications .............................................................................................................444
Exhibit 292: Filter fabric classification............................................................................................................444
Exhibit 293: Market size estimate – filter fabrics..........................................................................................446
Exhibit 294: Import export trends – Filter fabrics .........................................................................................447
Exhibit 296: Quality Standards - Filter fabrics ...............................................................................................448
Exhibit 297: Market size estimate – Non woven wipes ................................................................................450
Exhibit 298: Import export trends – Non woven wipes ................................................................................451
Exhibit 300: Market size estimate – Mosquito Nets .....................................................................................453
Exhibit 301: Import export trends – Mosquito nets .....................................................................................454
Exhibit 303: Market size estimate – Furniture & Other coated fabrics .......................................................457
Exhibit 304: Import export trends – Furniture & Other coated fabrics.......................................................458
Exhibit 306: Market summary of Protech ......................................................................................................463
Exhibit 308: Profitability of key Protech players ...........................................................................................466
Exhibit 309: Market size estimate – Bullet Proof Jackets .............................................................................469
Exhibit 310: Import export trends – Bullet Proof Jackets .............................................................................470
Exhibit 312: Quality standards for Bullet proof jackets ................................................................................471
Exhibit 313: Fibres having fire resistant properties ......................................................................................473
Exhibit 314: Market size estimate – Fire Retardant Apparel........................................................................474
Exhibit 315: Import export trends – Fire Retardant Apparel .......................................................................475
Exhibit 316: Import export trend - Fire Retardant ........................................................................................476
Exhibit 317: Different FR fibres.......................................................................................................................478
Exhibit 318: Market size estimate – Fire Retardant Fabric...........................................................................479
Exhibit 319: Market size estimate – Nuclear & Biological protection clothing ...........................................482
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Exhibit 320: Market size estimate – Chemical Protective Clothing .............................................................485

Exhibit 321: Import export trends – Chemical Protective Clothing .............................................................485
Exhibit 322: Import export trend – Chemical protective clothing ...............................................................486
Exhibit 323: Market size estimate – High Visibility Clothing ........................................................................490
Exhibit 324: Types of industrial gloves...........................................................................................................491
Exhibit 325: Market size estimate – Industrial gloves (T T Component) .....................................................492
Exhibit 326: Import export trends - Industrial gloves (T T Component) ......................................................493
Exhibit 327: Import export trend - Industrial gloves (T T Component) .......................................................494
Exhibit 328: Market size estimate – High Altitude clothing .........................................................................496
Exhibit 329: Market size estimate – Outer protective clothing ...................................................................499
Exhibit 330: Import export trends - Outer protective clothing ....................................................................500
Exhibit 331: Market summary of Geotech .....................................................................................................504
Exhibit 333: Profitability of key players - Geotech ........................................................................................506
Exhibit 334: Demand estimation for geo-textiles .........................................................................................512
Exhibit 335: Import export trends - Geotech ................................................................................................513
Exhibit 336: Import export trend - Geotech ..................................................................................................514
Exhibit 337: HS codes for geo-textiles............................................................................................................514
Exhibit 338: Geo membranes - used for soil lining in waste disposal..........................................................517
Exhibit 339: Market summary of Oekotech ...................................................................................................518
Exhibit 340: Hazardous waste generation .....................................................................................................520
Exhibit 341: Distribution of TDSF for HW disposal ........................................................................................521
Exhibit 342: Market summary of Indutech ....................................................................................................524
Exhibit 343: Profitability of key Indutech players .........................................................................................526
Exhibit 344: Market size estimate for TT component of conveyor belts.....................................................529
Exhibit 345: Export Import for conveyor belt fabric .....................................................................................530
Exhibit 346: Import and export trends for conveyor belts TT component t- 2012-13 vs. 2007-08...........530
Exhibit 347: Market size estimate of drive belts ...........................................................................................532
Exhibit 348: Export Import trends for drive belts .........................................................................................532
Exhibit 349: Import and export trends of Drive belts - 2012-13 vs 2007-08...............................................533
Exhibit 350: Market size estimate of cigarette filter rods ............................................................................534
Exhibit 351: Export Import trends of cigarette filter rods ............................................................................535
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Exhibit 352: export trends for cigarette filter rods .......................................................................................535

Exhibit 353: Market size estimate of decatising cloth ..................................................................................536
Exhibit 354: Import trends for decatising cloth.............................................................................................537
Exhibit 355: Parameters tested for decatising wrapper ...............................................................................537
Exhibit 356: Market size estimate of bolting cloth .......................................................................................538
Exhibit 357: Export Import trends of bolting cloth .......................................................................................539
Exhibit 358: Market size estimate of AGM for battery separators ..............................................................540
Exhibit 359: Export Import trends for absorbent glass mats for battery separators .................................541
Exhibit 360: Market sizing of coated abrasives .............................................................................................542
Exhibit 361: Major players in coated abrasives and their revenue from abrasive products .....................543
Exhibit 362: Import Export trends of coated abrasives ................................................................................543
Exhibit 363: Import trend for coated abrasives 2012-13 vs 2008-09 ..........................................................544
Exhibit 364: Market Sizing estimated of ropes and cordages ......................................................................545
Exhibit 365: Import Export trends of ropes and cordages ...........................................................................546
Exhibit 366: Exports of cordage -2012-13vs2007-08 Exhibit 367: Imports of cordage - 2012-13vs2007-
08 547
Exhibit 368: Market size estimate of glass fabric – composites...................................................................549
Exhibit 369: Indian composites industry - distribution by application ........................................................549
Exhibit 370: Export import trends for glass fabric ........................................................................................550
Exhibit 371: Import trend for composites - 2012-13 vs, 2007-08 ................................................................551
Exhibit 372: Market size estimate glass fabric ..............................................................................................553
Exhibit 373: Market size of PCB - TT component ..........................................................................................555
Exhibit 374: Import export trends of Printed Circuit Boards........................................................................555
Exhibit 375: Filter media fabric properties ....................................................................................................557
Exhibit 376: Non woven filter media properties ...........................................................................................558
Exhibit 377: Market size estimate of filtration ..............................................................................................559
Exhibit 378: Import export trends of filtration ..............................................................................................560
Exhibit 379: Market Sizing of printer ribbons................................................................................................561
Exhibit 380: Import Export trends of computer printer ribbons..................................................................562
Exhibit 381: Trend of imports for computer ribbons - 2012-13 over 2007-08 ...........................................562
Exhibit 382: Market Sizing of paper making fabrics ......................................................................................564
Exhibit 383: Import Export trends of paper making fabrics .........................................................................564
20
Exhibit 384: Import trend for paper making fabric 2012-13 vs 2007-08 .....................................................565
Exhibit 385: Market size estimate - slings & webbings.................................................................................566
Exhibit 386: Import and Export trends of TT component webbings and slings ..........................................567
Exhibit 387: Market size estimate for acoustic textile for cell phones ........................................................568
Exhibit 388: Import and Export trends...........................................................................................................569
Exhibit 389: Market Sizing estimated of ropes and cordages ......................................................................569
Exhibit 390: Import Export trends of TT component of hoses .....................................................................570
Exhibit 391: Non woven production trend for India .....................................................................................578
Exhibit 392: Types of non-woven produced in India.....................................................................................578
Exhibit 393: Non woven usage across segments ..........................................................................................579
Exhibit 394: Product life cycle of non woven products ................................................................................580
Exhibit 395: Key manufacturers of Non woven fabrics in India ...................................................................581
Exhibit 396: geographical distribution of non woven players ......................................................................582
Exhibit 397: Imports & exports of speciality fibres .......................................................................................591
Exhibit 398: Indian composites industry - distribution by application ........................................................594
Exhibit 399: Growth of market size of composites from 2007-08 to 2012-13............................................595
Exhibit 400: Market size estimate of glass fabric – composites...................................................................596
Exhibit 401: Export import trends for glass fabric ........................................................................................596
Exhibit 402: Import and export of carbon fibre ............................................................................................598
Exhibit 403: Market size estimate composites ..............................................................................................600
Exhibit 404: Cotton balance sheet for last five years....................................................................................607
Exhibit 405: Jute Balance sheet ......................................................................................................................608
Exhibit 406: Silk production in India ...............................................................................................................609
Exhibit 407: Production of VSF .......................................................................................................................611
Exhibit 408: Viscose balance sheet of India ...................................................................................................611
Exhibit 409: Production of PSF and PFY .........................................................................................................613
Exhibit 410: Balance sheet for polyester in India ..........................................................................................613
Exhibit 411: Production of ASF .......................................................................................................................615
Exhibit 412: Balance sheet for acrylic fibre in India ......................................................................................615
Exhibit 413: Production of PPSF & PPFY ........................................................................................................616
Exhibit 414: Balance sheet of PP fibre and yarn............................................................................................616
Exhibit 415: Production of Nylon Filament yarn ...........................................................................................618
21
Exhibit 416: Balance sheet for nylon ..............................................................................................................618

Exhibit 417: Geographical distribution of key raw materials across India ..................................................619
Exhibit 418: Capacity and Production of polymers 2011-12 ........................................................................620
Exhibit 419: Key statistics for polymers used in Technical textiles ..............................................................620
Exhibit 420: Duty structure for major fibres being imported .......................................................................622
Exhibit 421: Key technologies used in Technical textile ...............................................................................624
Exhibit 422: Machinery for non woven ..........................................................................................................627
Exhibit 423: Benefits accrued via TUFS ..........................................................................................................631
Exhibit 424: Subsidy details ............................................................................................................................645
Exhibit 425: Investment plan of Karnataka Govt. for textiles ......................................................................647
Exhibit 426: State specific policy incentive for key states offering benefits specific to technical textiles649
Exhibit 427: Madhya Pradesh - Policy benefits .............................................................................................651
Exhibit 428: Industrial policy - Assam ............................................................................................................654
Exhibit 429: Tax incentive - Manipur .............................................................................................................662
Exhibit 430: Policy incentive - Punjab ............................................................................................................666
Exhibit 431: Zone classification for Punjab ....................................................................................................667
Exhibit 432: Policy incentive - Tamil Nadu.....................................................................................................668
Exhibit 433: Re-imbursement of VAT - benefits for Tamil Nadu ..................................................................669
Exhibit 434: IPA classification for West Bengal .............................................................................................672
Exhibit 435: IPA benefits - scale 2 by West Bengal Govt. .............................................................................673
Exhibit 436: Policy incentive summary – All Indian states ...........................................................................674
Exhibit 437: Duty drawback rates - 2013-14 .................................................................................................678
Exhibit 438: COEs present in India .................................................................................................................686
Exhibit 439: Testing facilities at SASMIRA .....................................................................................................687
Exhibit 440: List of Instruments with SASMIRA for testing ..........................................................................688
Exhibit 441: Testing facility for Agrotech .......................................................................................................691
Exhibit 442: Testing facilities at BTRA ............................................................................................................694
Exhibit 443: Texting facilities at DKTE CoE for Non woven...........................................................................704
Exhibit 444: Total manpower employed in technical textiles ......................................................................723
Exhibit 445: Distribution of man-power across industry ..............................................................................723
Exhibit 446: Segment wise Employment in converter Industry ...................................................................724
Exhibit 447: Institutions specialising in textile education and research......................................................726
22
Exhibit 448: Institutions offering courses in textile engineering .................................................................728

Exhibit 449: State wise distribution of textile institution .............................................................................729
Exhibit 450: Institutions offering diploma courses in textiles ......................................................................730
Exhibit 451: State wise distribution of polytechnics offering textile courses .............................................734
Exhibit 452: Regulation regarding seat belts .................................................................................................739
Exhibit 453: Mandatory helmet regulations across the world .....................................................................740
Exhibit 454: Barrier performance test classification for Meditech ..............................................................743
Exhibit 455: Summary of OSHA regulation ....................................................................................................745
Exhibit 456: Fibre consumption of technical textiles across the world .......................................................753
Exhibit 457: Production of non woven across major countries ...................................................................754
Exhibit 458: Export of technical textile in the world - 2010 .........................................................................755
Exhibit 459: Major importers of technical textiles - 2010 ............................................................................755
Exhibit 460: Per capita non woven consumption..........................................................................................756
Exhibit 461: Average labour cost across countries - 2011 ............................................................................757
Exhibit 462: Average handling and transport cost at ports in USD ..............................................................757
Exhibit 463: Raw material availability in key textile countries .....................................................................758
Exhibit 464: Top international non woven companies .................................................................................758
23
Glossary of abbreviations used:
MoT – Ministry of Textiles
NCR – National Capital Region
NHM – National Horticultural Mission
NHB – National Horticultural Board
DG- SND – Director General – Supplies and Deposals
FDI – Foreign Direct Investment
JV - Joint Venture
CBC – Carpet backing cloth
NBC – Nuclear and Biological Clothing
CPC – Chemical Protective Clothing
HAL – High Altitude Clothing
HVC – High Visibility Clothing
TUFS – Technology Up gradation Financial Support Scheme
24
Part A. Project Background
25
1. Introduction
The Ministry of Textiles (MoT) is responsible for policy formulation, planning, development, export
promotion and trade regulation in respect of the textile industry. In line with this agenda, the Ministry of
Textiles has undertaken several developmental activities that are oriented towards providing necessary
support to promote growth of Technical Textile industry in India.
Technical textiles are textile materials and products used for their technical performance and functional
properties. Unlike conventional textiles used traditionally for clothing or furnishing, technical textiles are
used basically on account of their specific physical and functional properties and mostly by other user
industries. The market for technical textiles is expanding as the products are being put to use by an ever-
increasing number of end users in various industries such as agriculture, clothing, construction, health
care, transportation, packaging, sports, environmental protection, protective wear, and more. The
global market for technical textiles is expected to continue its growth, driven by the expanding use of
these products particularly non woven in emerging markets like Asia, because of increased levels of
consumption and production, availability of skilled labour, and developing infrastructure facilities. The
global technical textile industry is currently dominated by products from China and the European Union.
Developing countries in Asia have the advantage of becoming production centres for technical textiles
due to their cost advantages.
A baseline survey that provides comprehensive information on all aspects of the technical textile
industry in India is imperative for understanding the past developments and progress in the sector and
for identifying key challenges, growth potential and opportunities. Under the 12th five year plan scheme
of the Government, MoT through the Office of the Textile Commissioner has planned to carry out an
updating exercise of the baseline survey for the Technical Textile Industry to estimate all information on
the technical textile industry in India like market size, consumption, trade trends, number of units, type
of units, type of products produced, investment, turnover, employment, etc.
In this regard MoT has appointed ICRA Management Consulting Services (IMaCS) to do a baseline survey
of the technical textile industry of India.
26
2. IMaCS’ Approach
Our approach towards comprehensively addressing all the aspects as spelt out in the Terms of
Reference has been structured under five (5) distinct modules, as pictorially represented in the exhibit
below and subsequently explained in detail:
Exhibit 1: Summary of IMaCS Approach
1. Indian Technical Textile 2. Indian Technical Textile

Market Analysis Industry Analysis
 Product Identification  Factor Analysis
 Trade Analysis  Location Analysis
 Key Trends: Investment,
 Production Analysis
Consumption, Production
 End user Industry Trends  Stakeholder Information
 Market Size Analysis  Sector Information
3. Profiling Key competing 4. Opportunities & Challenges

Countries  Growth Potential
 Industry Overview  Investments Required
 Trade analysis  Impediments
 Key Success factors
5. Recommendations
 High Potential Products
 Government Policies
And Regulatory Framework
Module 1: Indian Technical Textile Market Analysis

In this module, the Indian Technical Textile market is being mapped covering structure, products, trade,
production, and market size by way of a market survey and trade analysis. This is being done under
separate work streams as detailed below:
27
Work stream 1: Product Identification: A comprehensive list of Technical Textile products was
prepared and HS codes are mapped for the identified list of Technical Textile products. This list forms
the base for the import, export analysis and market sizing.
Work stream-2. Trade Analysis: For the identified Technical Textile products, the Indian trade data
has been extracted from DGCIS, DGFT and any other reliable sources. The extracted data was analyzed
to understand the following:
 Export volume and value across each product/segment
 Export trends during last five years (2007-2012)
 Import volume and value across each product/segment
 Import trends during last five years (2007-2012)
 Key export markets for India Key countries where India is importing from
Based on this analysis, the trends in trade of technical textile products in India was established
Work Stream 3-Manufacturing Analysis: Based on the data collected from the primary survey, the
manufacturing of Technical Textile products is being analysed on the following lines on best effort basis :
 Type of manufacturer - MSME/ Non-MSME
 Product wise manufacturing capacity, including roll goods and conversion
 Domestic consumption versus Exports
 Key manufacturing clusters
Work Stream 4- End User Industry Trends: The demand for Technical Textile products is derived
demand and dependent on the growth of end user industries. As part of this analysis, we have studied
the key end-user industries in India to understand the growth in these industries, trends in consumption
of technical textile products by these end user industries and its impact on growth of Technical Textile
manufacturing and trade.
Work Stream 5- Market size Analysis: Based on the analysis of imports, exports, manufacturing and
end user industries, IMaCS has arrived at the market size across each segment of technical textiles.
Market size as defined in the terms of reference will be the sum of indigenous production and imports.
The growth rate across each segment was analysed and based on the past trends, and end-user
28
industry/macro economic trends the market size forecasting is being done for 3 years from 2013 to
2016. In addition to the market size, exports market growth, imports market growth, manufacturing
growth forecast is being done for the next three years.
Module 2. Indian Technical Textile Industry Analysis

Under this module, we analysed various dimensions of Indian Technical Textile Industry in terms of
factor endowments and policy framework. We conducted this module under the following work
streams:
Work Stream 1-Factor Analysis

The key factors driving the industry were analysed. It covered:
 Raw materials: Key raw materials used in Technical Textile Industry were identified and their
availability and ease of access was analysed. We also mapped the composition of raw materials
on the lines of domestic versus imports.
 Manpower: IMaCS assessed the availability of manpower to the Technical Textile industry,
which include managerial, technical, skilled and unskilled manpower. IMaCS would provide
detail the employment status in Technical Textile Industry during the last three years and
employment potential for the next three years will be projected, across, various segments,
which include SME, Non-SME, skilled, semi skilled and unskilled segments. We assessed
Institutional support in developing the human resources for the industry.
 Technology: IMaCS assessed the technology across the industry.
 Support Facilities: The support available for the industry including Testing and Research &
Development has been assessed
 Policy & Regulatory Framework: The Policy governing the industry and regulations, standards,
which helps the industry growth was analysed.
Work Stream 2-Location Analysis

IMaCS did a detail state wise location advantages within India for setting up of Technical Textile
manufacturing units, based multiple dimensions, which include, access to raw materials, institutional
support, and the incentives offered by the government.
29
Work Stream 3- Key Trends: Investment, Consumption, Production

IMaCS studied the key trends in consumer usage of technical textiles to assess the impact on the overall
market. Industry trends across various end-user segments will be studied which has an impact on the
consumption of Technical Textiles. We studied recent investments in Technical textile industry in India
to understand investment trends, both by Indian entrepreneurs and foreign investors. Profiles of major
FDIs were tabulated. Case studies on investments through JV and collaborations by the Indian Technical
Textile units have been highlighted.
Work Stream 4: Stakeholder Information

Based on the primary survey done across all the units, exhaustive list of all the stakeholders in Technical
Textiles is being compiled which includes manufacturers, traders (importers/ exporters), consultants,
government bodies, user organisations (government/ private), technical textile machinery
manufacturers, testing and research organizations, colleges, polytechnics, textile institutes, engineering
institutions relevant to technical Textile Industry. Based on the information, IMaCS has prepared a
directory covering name & address contact details, products produced/imported/exported, segment,
capacity, turnover, SME/Non SME, Country of import/export.
Top 10 manufacturers in each segment of Technical Textiles in India were further profiled. The profile
includes structure and type of units i.e., SSI/non-SSI, 100% EOU, type of products produced, application
areas of such products, installed capacity, type of machinery in the facility with break-up of imported
and indigenous, capacity utilization per year, domestic and export turnover, major raw material used
with break-up of imported and indigenous, investment, profitability position, market share, turn over,
no. of persons employed with breakup of technical, non-technical and contact details like telephone no.,
fax, e-mail, website & name of contact person etc which was collected on best effort basis.
Work Stream 5-Sector Information

A detailed report of special sectors including non-woven, composites and speciality yarns is being
prepared. Key information covered includes; current applications, market size across key applications,
technology, and manufacturer distribution across geographies. The detail on strength and weakness of
Indian Technical Textile Industry is also being assessed.
30
Module 3. Profiling Key Competing Countries

In this module IMaCS assessed key countries where Technical Textile industry is thriving, which can
provide direction for the Indian Technical Textile Industry. The assessment was done under three work
streams to cover, export performance, key success factors and key players.
Work Stream 1-Industry Overview:

Countries which are thrive across different Technical Textile segment were identified and
industry/segment overview was detailed mentioning industry structure, availability of input materials,
support infrastructure, key markets on best effort basis thorough secondary research.
Work Stream 2-Trade analysis:

For the identified countries, international trade data was analyzed
Work Stream 3-Key Success factors

Across each country key success factors were identified after analyzing various parameters including
proximity to the end user market, R&D capability, institutional support, government incentives and
regulatory framework, etc,.
Work Stream 4-Player Profiles

Top players in Technical textiles across the glober were identified and ranked based on their sales
turnover. Based on the inputs received in this module, IMaCS did a comparative assessment of Technical
Textile Industry with key countries where the industry is thriving.
Module 4. Opportunities and challenges for Indian Technical Textile Industry

Based on the strength and weaknesses of the Indian Technical Textile industry and comparative
performance of the key countries, IMaCS identified opportunities and challenges for the industry.
Work Stream 1-Future Growth Potential

The growth potential across each segment was assessed, based on the past trend, end-user industry
trends, macro economic trends and the market size has been forecasted up until 2015-16). In addition to
the market size, exports market growth, manufacturing growth has been forecasted for the next three
years. The inputs from industry players were considered towards projecting the growth in the
manufacturing sector. The manpower requirement to meet the projected growth has been derived. The
opportunities for creating employment and human resource development in the technical textile sector
were highlighted.
31
Work Stream 2-Investments Required

To meet the growth potential, investment required in manufacturing Technical Textile products and
input materials was assessed.
The institutional support required for meeting, human resources, testing and R&D demand has been
projected.
Work Stream 3-Key Impediments: The key impediments for the growth of industry were analyzed,
which may include, input materials, human resources, institutional support, government policies, fiscal
duties, Inadequate Demand and Inadequate information/awareness.
Module 5. Recommendations
Further, in discussions with the stakeholders the final recommendations have been formulated.
Work Stream 1-High Potential Products

Technical Textile products with high market potential were identified to assist existing and new players
to invest in these segments. The drivers for the growth have also been detailed, which includes both
end-user industry and consumer demand.
Work Stream 2- Government Policies & Regulatory Framework

To meet the projected growth, government can play significant role, through awareness, incentivizing
new investments, creating institutional support to the industry and export incentives. The institutional
support in R&D, Human resources development can help industry to foster. Creation of standards and
regulations can also push the consumption of the technical textile products creating further demand.
Based on the industry inputs and growth projections, IMaCS has recommended key initiatives on which
government may focus to meet the growth projections in the technical textile industry. The
recommendations also include the human resource development through creation of institutions and
courses/curriculum contents specific to Technical Textile industry.
Methodology
We have carried out this engagement through a mix of primary and secondary research.
Primary research
32
Baseline Survey: IMaCS has prepared a detailed questionnaire covering the details mentioned under
stakeholder information part of TOR. Approval will be sought from OTXC on the questionnaire, which
was used as the research instrument towards collecting information from the stakeholders.
The list of stakeholders was prepared using secondary resources and subsequently snowballing exercise
was done during to survey to get additional referrals. The few secondary sources IMaCS referred to
were:
 Stakeholders list from previous baseline survey
 Members list from ITTA
 TUFS Beneficiary list under Technical Textiles
 Stakeholders associated with COEs for availing their services
 B2B Trade websites such as Alibaba, global sources, fibre2fashion, etc,.
The data collected is being appropriately entered into excel format for analysis and cleaned.
Interactions with COEs, associations, key industry players in the Technical Textile industry in
India
As a part of the exercise we have met the following stakeholders and interacted extensively with them.
it involved visiting Centres Of Excellence/associations such as ITTA, All India Flat Tape Manufacturers
association(AIFTMA), FRP Institute, Mosquito Net Manufacturers' Association, Indian Fishnet
Manufacturers Association, Zipper Association of India, / Industry players and also getting their
responses through a structured questionnaire to understand Indian Technical Textile Industry, the effect
of various scheme interventions, issues being faced, need for modifications in policy and regulatory
framework.
Secondary Research
We have done extensive secondary research and analysis for the engagement. For this purpose, we
reviewed information available in the public domain – industry information from various associations of
user industries, research reports of reliable agencies, databases and other reliable sources. We took
data/information from the Office of Textile Commissioner regarding the database of stakeholders
including TUFS beneficiary list under Technical Textiles.
33
3. Structure of report
IMaCS has developed this report in four sections. In Part A, IMaCS has given details about the project
background and its approach towards completion of the project. In the second section – Part B, an
overview of the technical textile industry of India is presented which includes details about the current
market size, location advantages and the information about various investments in the technical textile
domain. The third section – Part C involves detailed reports of each product considered as technical
textiles segregated under the 12 technical textile segments. Each product has been analyzed on the
aspects of product characteristics, application, market size, major manufacturers, export and import
scenario, key machineries required for the product manufacturing and the quality standards available
for the product. The fourth part – Part D involves analysis of Indian technical textile industry on different
factors of production involving raw material availability, different technologies used, policies and
incentives available from both central and state governments for promotion technical textile industry. It
analysis of work force available in the industry and prospects of skill development for technical textiles
across India though various courses available. IMaCS has also done a comparison of Indian technical
textile industry vis-à-vis other key global players of technical textile on various parameters under this
section.
Product coverage with respect to Baseline study 2008-09

The following exhibit illustrates the products that have been modified/omitted or included in the
current baseline study with respect to the baseline study on technical textiles done n 2008-09.
SL. No. Segment Products Covered in BSTT 2008 Covered in BSTT 2013 Remarks
Re-sizing of
market indicated a
Only woven and non
Plastic much mats visible decline in
1 Agrotech Mulch Mats woven mulching
also covered product market
considered
size compared to
2008 report
Re-sizing of
market indicated a
Only woven and non
Plastic crop covers visible decline in
2 Agrotech Crop covers crop covers
also covered product market
considered
size compared to
2008 report
Includes pallet
Other Plant
nets, turf
& Covered along with
3 Agrotech No protection nets,
protective fish nets
root ball nets,
nettings
harvesting nets,
34
etc
Contact
4 Meditech Yes No
lenses
Non woven
5 Packtech shopping No Yes
bags
Sports
6 Sportech No Yes
strings
Snooker &
7 Sportech Pool table No Yes
cloth
Only wall covering
Floor shave been
8 Buildtech Yes No
coverings covered within
other products
Acoustic textile
fabrics used in
Acoustic
9 Buildtech No Yes Multiplexes and
fabrics
construction to
minimise echoes
This has led to re
sizing of the
clothtech segment
Sewing Only Specialised
10 Clothtech Yes and hence lower
threads sewing threads
growth numbers
for the segment
and the product.
The ticking fabric
market for only
the organised
mattress industry
Only the organised has been captured
Ticking sector ticking fabric as most of the
11 Hometech Yes
fabrics market has been demand in the un-
captured organised sector is
catered via cotton
stuffing and
traditional textile
and clothing.
Furniture
Other coated fabrics
fabrics &
Only furniture fabric used for book covers,
12 Hometech other
was considered paintings, etc have
coated
also been considered
fabrics
35
Outer protective
clothing like
Technical textile
Outer
rain coats, wind
13 Protech protective No Yes
cheaters, etc have
clothing
been considered
as Technical
textiles
Industrial
14 Indutech webbings No Yes
and slings
Acoustic
textiles
15 Indutech No Yes
used in cell
phones
Industrial
hoses
16 Indutech (Technical No Yes
Textile
component)
36
Part B. Overview of Technical Textiles in India
37
1. Introduction
Technical textiles are different from the conventional textiles. Unlike conventional textiles used
traditionally for clothing or furnishing, technical textiles are used basically on account of their specific
physical and functional properties and mostly by other user industries. Depending on the product
characteristics, functional requirements and end-user applications the highly diversified range of
technical textile products have been currently grouped into 12 categories based on application:
 Agrotech (agriculture, horticulture and forestry)
 Buildtech (building and construction)
 Clothtech (technical components of shoes and clothing)
 Geotech (geotextiles, civil engineering)
 Hometech (components of furniture, household textiles and floor coverings)
 Indutech (filtration, cleaning and other industrial usage)
 Meditech (hygiene and medical)
 Mobiltech (automobiles, shipping, railways and aerospace)
 Oekotech (environmental protection)
 Packtech (packaging)
 Protech (personal and property protection)
 Sportech (sport and leisure)
The technical textile industry has immense potential in the developing countries. Asia is a power house
of both production and consumption of technical textiles. China is the market leader in technical
textiles. Korea, Japan, India and Taiwan are the other key players of technical textiles in Asia. Easy
availability of labour along with availability of a wide range of fibre and fibre products in India is the key
reason for the growth of technical textile sector in India.
Domestic Market of technical textiles

Indian technical textile market is spread across all the 12 segments with Mobiltech, Packtech, Clothtech
and hometech having the major share in the market. The domestic consumption has seen high growth
of over 15% per annum in the segments of Mobiltech, Geotech and Indutech while the key segments of
Packtech, Sportech, Meditech and Buildtech grew at over 10% per annum. However, the demand for
specialised technical textile products is still in a very nascent stage and is expected to be the driver in
the future. The technical textile industry currently contributes to just around 0.75% of the total GDP of
India at current prices. The technical textile industry contributes to roughly 12% of Indian textile
38
Industry at present which is very less compared to other developing countries like China where technical
textile Industry accounts for around 20% of the textile sector. The technical textile industry size with
respect to the textile industry of India is shown in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 2: Indian technical textile Industry w.r.t textile sector
800 13.3% 16.0%
12.7% 13.0% 12.8% 13.0% 693
700 11.9% 12.4% 12.5% 632 14.0%
526 577
in Rs.''000 crore
600 12.0%
475
500 403 10.0%
347 366
400 8.0%
300 6.0%
200 92 4.0%
46 52 59 66 74 82
100 41 2.0%
- 0.0%
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
(P) (P)
Technical textiles Textiles Share of TT in textiles
Source: Ministry of Textiles,
2. Market Summary
The technical textile market across the 12 key segments is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 3: Market summary of technical textiles
Sl. Segment Market Market Market Growth Project Market Market Market
N size size size (E) (2008- ed size (P) size (P) size (P)
o. 2007-08 2012-13 2013-14 13) growth 2014-15 2015-16 2017-18
(in Rs. (in Rs. (in Rs. CAGR (2013- (in Rs. (in Rs. (in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore) 16) Crore) Crore) Crore)
1 Agrotech 553 826 929 ~8% ~12% 1,043 1,191 1,614
2 Meditech 1,669 3,321 3,622 ~15% ~9% 3,950 4,281 5,142
3 Mobiltech 3,183 6,607 7,370 ~16% ~12% 8,221 9,173 11,433
4 Packtech 14,630 28,020 31,181 ~14% ~11% 34,698 38,733 48,318
5 Sportech 2,851 4,132 4,645 ~8% ~12% 5,222 5,877 7,111
6 Buildtech* 1,317 2,514 2,819 ~14% ~12% 3,162 3,577 4,587
7 Clothtech# 3,466 4,835 5,357 ~7% ~11% 5,935 6,591 8,133
8 Hometech$ 4,345 6,249 7,119 ~8% ~14% 8,110 9,274 12,145
9 Protech 1,302 1,988 2,176 ~9% ~9% 2,382 2,722 3,139
10 Geotech 185 683 772 ~30% ~13% 873 991 1,275
11 Oekotech 68 120 132 ~12% ~10% 145 160 193
11 Indutech 3,206 6,625 7,567 ~16% ~14% 8,642 9,929 13,127
Total
technical
36,775 65,920 73,688 ~12.4% ~11.8% 82,384 92,499 1,16,217
textile
market
Source: Annual reports, websites, secondary reports, ITTA, IMaCS analysis
39
*Buildtech market size for 2007-08 and onwards excludes market of floor and wall covering
$ Hometech market for 2007-08 and onwards includes plush fabric for soft toys instead of total soft toys and only technical textile furniture
fabrics
#Clothtech market includes only specialised sewing threads
The share of different segments in the total market is as shown.

Exhibit 4: Market size pie product wise
Market size - 2012-13

Geotech
1.0% (in Rs.65,920 Crore)
Oekotech Agrotech Meditech
Protech 0.2% 1.3% 5.0%
3.0% Mobiltech
Hometech 10.0%
9.5%
Clothtech
7.3% Packtech
42.5%
Buildtech
3.8% Sportech Indutech
6.3% 10.0%
Source: IMaCS analysis
Out of the total market, domestic consumption accounts for significant share at close to 90% of all
technical textile supplies. The trends of domestic production and exports and imports are shown as
under:
Exhibit 5: Domestic market trend
Domestic Consumption
70,000
58,804
60,000
50,000
in Rs. crore
40,000 35,799
30,000
20,000
10,000
-
2007-08 2012-13
Source: IMaCS analysis, DGFT, DGCIS
40
The per capita consumption of technical textiles in India is as shown:

Exhibit 6: Per capita consumption of technical textiles in India
Per capita consumption

700
616
600 560
513
500 470
433
in Rs. per person
398
400 367
337
311
300
200
100
-
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
The segment wise domestic consumption is shown in the exhibit below:

Exhibit 7: Domestic Consumption for technical textiles
Domestic consumption of technical textiles - 2012-13

(in Rs.58,804 Crore)
Geotech
Meditech Agrotech
Protech 0%
5% 1%
3% Mobiltech
Hometech 11%
9%
Clothtech
8% Packtech
42%
Buildtech
4%
Sportech Indutech
7% 10%
41
Exhibit 8: Export import trend for technical textiles
Exports Imports
7000 6525
8000 7117
7000 6000
6000 5000
in Rs. crore
3945
in Rs. crore
5000 4000
4000 3000
3000 2167 2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
2007-08 2012-13
2007-08 2012-13
The segment wise share of exports and imports is as shown below

Exhibit 9: Export distribution for technical textiles
Exports in technical textiles - 2012-13

(in Rs. 7,117 Crore)
Geotech Oekotech Agrotech
7.1% 0.0% 2.6% Meditech
Indutech 9.9%
15.1% Mobiltech
1.7%
Protech
3.5%
Hometech
10.9%
Packtech
43.6%
Clothtech
2.6%
Buildtech Sportech
0.3% 2.8%
Source: IMaCS analysis, DGCIS, DGFT
The segment wise import of technical textiles for 2012-13 is as shown in the exhibit below:
42
Exhibit 10: Import distribution for technical textiles
Geotech
Imports in technical textiles - 2012-13 1%
Meditech
Indutech
15%
22%
Protech
4%
Mobiltech
30%
Hometech
7%
Clothtech
9%
Buildtech Sportech Packtech
4% 2% 6%
Source: IMaCS analysis, DGCIS, DGFT
43
Segment wise market summary is as shown below:
Agrotech
The total estimated market for the segment including the exports is as shown under.
Exhibit 11: Market summary of Agrotech
Agrotech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Units - Production import Exports Domestic Total Export Domestic Export Domestic
Shade Value (in Rs.
nets 145 - 11 134 145 12 167 13 261
Crore)
(including
plant Volume (in 5,783 - 440 5,343 5,783 462 6,679 509 10,436
nets) MT)
Value (in Rs.
14 - - 14 14 - 17 - 22
Mulch Crore)
Mats Volume (in
692 - - 692 692 - 796 - 1,053
MT)
Value (in Rs.
2 - 2 0 2 2 0 3 0
Crop Crore)
covers Volume (in
171 - 148 23 171 170 27 225 36
MT)
Anti Hail Value (in Rs. 11 0 0 11 11 0 14 0 21

Crore)
& Anti
Bird nets Volume (in
333 1 4 330 334 4 412 5 644
MT)
Fishing
nets Value (in Rs. 638 16 170 484 654 204 513 294 576
(including Crore)
other
agro Volume (in 18,229 457 4,857 13,829 18,686 5,829 14,658 8,393 16,470
nets) MT)
Agrotech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Units - Production import Exports Domestic Total Export Domestic Export Domestic
Value (in Rs.
218 711
Total Crore) 810 16 183 643 826 310 881
*Source: Annual reports, websites, secondary reports, ITTA, IMaCS analysis P=Provisional
Meditech
The total estimated market for the segment including the exports is as shown under
Exhibit 12: Market summary of Meditech
Meditech 2012-13 (All values in Rs. Crore) 2013-14 (P) 2015-16 (P)
Production Import Export Domestic Total Export Domesti Export Domesti
c c
Value ( in Rs.
3.0 59.0 62.0 62.0 - 71.3 - 94.3
Baby Diaper( TT Crore)
Component) Volume ( in MT)
207 3,930 4,137 4,137 - 4,758 - 6,292
Value ( in Rs.
Incontinence Crore) 1.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 - 13.2 - 19.0
Diaper TT
Component Volume ( in MT)
37 698 735 735 - 882 - 1,270
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 3.1 59.5 62.6 62.6 - 71.9 - 95.1
Sanitary Napkin( TT
Component)
Volume ( in MT)
209 3,966 4,174 4,174 - 4,800 - 6,349
Value ( in Rs.
Wipes TT Crore) 94.6 6.5 1.1 100.0 101.1 1.2 110.0 1.5 133.1
Component
45
c c
Volume ( in MT)
1,060 526 326 1,260 1,586 358.6 1,386 434 1,677
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 0.7 13.4 14.1 14.1 - 16.1 - 21.3
Under pads (TT
Component)
Volume( in MT)
47 891 938 938 - 1,078 - 1,426
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 0.4 0.4 0.4 - 0.5 - 0.7
Ear Buds (TT
Component)
Volume( in MT)
28 28 28 - 33 - 48
Value ( in Rs.
Surgical Crore) 66.0 34.5 31.5 66.0 38.0 34.7 45.9 41.9
Disposables
(TT Component) Volume ( In MT)
4,400 2,300 2,100 4,400 2,530 2,310 3,061 2,795
Value ( in Rs.
Disposable Bed- Crore) 66 66 66 - 76 - 100
sheets, curtains
and Pillow Covers
(TT Component) Volume ( In MT)
800 800 800 - 920 - 1,217
Value ( in Rs.
Surgical Dressings Crore) 1,121 160 331 950 1,281 347.6 998 383 1,100
46
c c
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 0.3 0.3 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.3
Eye Pads
(TT Component)
Volume ( In MT)
21 21 21 - 22 - 24
Value ( in Rs. 41 8.8 36.3 11 43.9

Crore) 19 22 8 33
Dental Floss
(TT Component)
Volume ( In Kg)
90 300 145 245 390 159.5 269.5 193 326
Value ( in Rs.
Compression Crore) 4.9 4.9 3.3 6.5 9.8 3.5 6.8 3.8 7.5
stockings for
varicose veins Volume ( In '000
(TT Component) Nos) 974 692 466 1,200 1,666 489.3 1,260 539 1,389
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 140.3 9.4 49.7 100.0 149.7 52.2 105.0 57.5 115.8
Compression
garments
Volume ( In '000
(TT Component) 1,110.
Nos) 2,985 200 1,057 2,128 3,185 2,234 1,224 2,463
3
Value ( in Rs.
Surgical Sutures Crore) 660.0 340.0 260.0 740.0 1,000.0 286.0 814.0 346.1 984.9
47
c c
Volume 9.5-10 6-6.5 7.5-8
29Mn 4 Mn 5.5-6 Mn 4.4 Mn 5 Mn
Mn Mn Mn
Meter Dozen Dozen dozen Dozen
Dozen Dozen Dozen
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 10.5 99.5 110.0 110.0 - 132.4 - 146.4
Artificial Heart
Valves
Volume (in Mtr)
191 1,809 2,000 2,000 - 2,408 - 2,662
Value ( in Rs.
Artificial Heart Crore) 0.8 0.8 0.8 - 0.8 - 0.9
Patches (TT
Component) Volume (in mtr)
50 50 50 - 53 - 58
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 25.0 25.0 25.0 - 26.5 - 29.8
Artificial Vascular
Grafts (TT
Volume (in '000
Component)
nos) 20 20 20 - 21 - 24
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 156 4.7 0.7 160.0 160.7 0.8 184.0 1.1 243.3
Artificial Tendon/
Hernia Mesh (TT
Volume (in '000
Component)
nos) 1,950 58 8 2,000 2,008 9.3 2,300 12.3 3,042
48
c c
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 3.2 3.2 3.2 - 3.4 - 3.7
Artificial Ligaments
(TT Component) Volume (in '00
nos) 19 19 19 - 20 - 22
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2
Prosthetics (TT
Component) Volume (in '000
mtr) 75 75 75 - 79 - 87
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 48.0 48.0 48.0 - 52.4 - 63.9
Artificial Kidney (TT

Volume (in Mn
Component)
Sqm)
4 4 4 - 4.4 - 5
Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 23.3 85.2 13.5 95.0 108.5 15.5 114 20.5 165.0
Artificial Joints
Volume (in '000
nos) 24 87 14 97 111 15.8 116.2 21 168
49
c c
Total Value ( in Rs.
Crore) 2,371 951 702 2,620 3,322 754 2,868 870 3,413
*Source: Annual reports, websites, secondary reports, ITTA, IMaCS analysis
Mobiltech
Exhibit 13: Market size for Mobiltech
Mobiltech 2012-13 2013-14 (P) 2015-16 (P)
Productio Market Domesti
2012-13 Unit Imports Exports Domestic Export Export Domestic
n Size c
Tyre Cord (‘000 MT) 91.2 49.5 1.0 139.8 140.8 1.1 156.6 1.6 196.4
Fabric
INR Crore 2,571 1,420 21 3,970 3,991 24 4,447 32 5,578
Seat belt Mn metres 10 37 20 27 47 22 30 27 36

webbing
INR Crore 62 90 32 120 152 35 132 42 160
Airbags (TT Mn Sqm -- 3 - 3 3 - 4 - 5

component)
INR Crore - 94.48 - 94.48 94.48 - 109 12 144
Car body In ‘000 Nos 783 2 - 785 785 - 863 - 1,045

covers
INR Crore 47 0.03 - 47 47 - 52 - 63
Seat covers In Lakh linear
fabric/uphols metres 343 78 9 412 421 11 453 14 548
50
Mobiltech 2012-13 2013-14 (P) 2015-16 (P)

n Size c
tery
INR Crore 530 262 71 720 792 82 792 109 959
Automotive
Mn Sqm 15 0.4 - 16 16 - 17 - 21
interior
carpets
INR Crore 148 9.4 - 157 157 - 173 - 209
Headliners
Mn Sqm 7 1 - 8 8 - 9 - 11
(TT
component)
INR Crore 43 12 - 55 55 0.003 60 - 73
Insulation ‘000 MT 15.7 - - 15.7 15.7 - 17.2 - 20.9

felts
INR Crore 115 3 0.01 118 118 0.01 129 0.01 157
Sun
Mn nos 6 2 - 8 8 - 9 - 11
visors/sunbli
nd
INR Crore 85.8 19.5 - 105 105 - 118 - 148
mn nos 28 28 28 - 31 - 39
Helmets
INR Crore 1,015 1,015 1,015 - 1,126 - 1,388
TT usage in
airlines(upho - - -
lstery and
airline INR
disposables crore 3 77 - 80 80 - 89 - 112
TT usage in Mn Sqm 0.4 - - 0.4 0.4 - 0.4 - 0.4

railways
INR Crore
51
Mobiltech 2012-13 2013-14 (P) 2015-16 (P)

n Size c
1.3 - - 1.3 1.3 - 1.3 - 1.5
Total INR Crore 4,620 1987 124 6,483 6,607 141 7,229 183 8,990
* Air bags are imported and exported as complete set up and hence the value states the value of imports and exports of Air bag set up.
Packtech
Exhibit 14: Market sizing of Packtech
Packtech 2012-13 2013-14(P) 2015-16 (P)
Market Domes
Units Production Imports Exports Domestic Export Domestic Export
size tic
Polyolefin woven KT 1,309 3 641 671 1,313 693 752 808 943
sacks INR
Crore 9,008 41 323 8,726 9,049 349 9,773 407 12,260
KT 200 1 102 99 200 117 102 154 108

FIBC
INR
Crore 3,200 9 1,542 1,667 3,209 1,773 1,717 2,345 1,822
KT 50 - 1 49 50 1 57 1 75
Leno Bags
INR 1,207.
Crore 800 - 6 794 800 7 913 9 5
Wrapping Fabric KT 165 - - 165 165 - 182 - 220

INR
52
Packtech 2012-13 2013-14(P) 2015-16 (P)

Market Domes
Units Production Imports Exports Domestic Export Domestic Export
size tic
Crore 2,150 - - 2,150 2,150 - 2,365.4 - 2,862
Jute Hessian and KT 1,428 11 155 1,285 1,440 186 1,413 268 1,710
Sacks INR
Crore 10,665 84 1,157 9,592 10,749 1,389 10,551 2,000 12,767
Mn
Soft luggage(TT Sqm 17 7 1 23 24 1 27 1 39
component) INR
Crore 356 141 16.5 480 497 16.5 576 16.5 829
KT 0.2 1 - 1 1 - 2 0 2
Tea bags filter paper
INR
Crore 503.7 39.2 0.03 542.9 542.9 0.03 651.4 0 938
KT 67,008 2,947 3,684 66,271 69,955 4,236 70,910 5,602 81,185

Shopping bags(Spun
bond nonwoven)
INR 1,185.
Crore 938 85 55 968 1,023 63 1,036 83.8 7
INR
Total Crore 27,621 399 3,100 24,920 28,020 3,598 27,583 4,861 33,871
53
Sportech
Exhibit 15: Market summary of Sportech
Sportech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)

Unit
Production Import Export Domestic Total Export Domestic Export Domestic
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 738 27 288 477 765 325 548 416 725
Sport Composites
Volume (in Mn.
Nos.) 29 1 14 16 30 12.9 21.7 16.4 28.6
Sport Composite - Value (in Rs.
TT Component Crore) 342 13 134 221 354 151 254 193 336
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 0 40 - 40 40 - 46 - 61
Artificial turf
Volume (in lakh
sq. m) 0 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 2
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 100 2 3 99 102 3 111 4 139
Parachute fabrics
Volume (in Mn.
m) 6 0 0 6 6 0 7 0 9
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 1 0 - 2 2 - 2 - 2
Ballooning fabrics
Volume (in lakh
sq. m) 10 2 - 12 12 - 13 - 18
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 34 2 11 24 35 11 28 11 37
Sleeping bags
Volume (in Mn.
Nos.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Value (in Rs.
Sports Nets Crore) 74 - 47 27 74 59 33 92 52
Volume (in MT)
54
Sportech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)

Unit
Production Import Export Domestic Total Export Domestic Export Domestic
2,683 - 1,709 974 2,683 2,136 1,217 3,338 1,902
Value (in Rs.
Sport shoe Crore) 3,373 58 3 3,428 3,431 3 3,839 3 4,816
components Volume (in Mn.
Sq. m) 268 5 0 272 273 0 305 0 383
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 62 - 0 62 62 0 68 0 82
Tents
Volume (in MT)
1,565 - 4 1,561 1,565 4 1,717 4 2,078
Value (in Rs.
High performance
Crore) - 2 - 2 2 - 2 - 4
swim wears and
Volume (in
sports wears
nos.) - 3,002 - 3,002 3,002 - 4,053 - 7,386
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 3 27 - 30 30 - 34 - 43
Sport Strings
Volume (in Mn.
metres) 1 8 - 9 9 - 10 - 13
Value (in Rs.
Crore) - 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 1
Other Products
Volume (in kg)
10,718 10,718 10,718 - 11,790 - 14,266
3,989 144 198 3,935 4,132 227 4,418 303 5,574
Total
55
Buildtech
Exhibit 16: Market summary of Buildtech
2013-14 (P)
Buildltech 2012-13 2015-16 (P)
Buildltech Production import Export Domestic Total Export Domestic Export Domestic
Value (in Rs.
Architectural Crore) 8 22 - 30 30 - 36 - 52
Membranes Volume (in lakh
sq. m) 2 4 - 6 6 - 7 - 10
Value (in Rs.
Hoarding & Crore) 262.9 224 2.4 484.5 487 2 543 2 681
signage Volume (in Mn.
sq. m) 89 75 1 163 164 1 183 1 229
Value (in Rs.
Canvas - Crore) 412 1 18 395 413 19 391 23 383
tarpaulin Volume (in Mn.
sq. m) 50 0 2 48 50 2 47 3 46
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 1,432 4 2 1,434 1,436 2 1,649 3 2,181
HDPE tarpaulin
Volume (in '000
MT) 124 0 0 124 124 0 143 0 189
Value (in Rs.
Awning & Crore) 37 3 1 39 40 1 51 1 86
canopy Volume (in lakh
m) 14 1 0 15 15 0 20 0 33
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 97 - - 97 97 - 111 - 147
Scaffolding Net
Volume (in '000
MT) 12 - - 12 12 - 13 - 18
Value (in Rs.
Acoustic fabric
Crore) 11 - - 11 11 - 13 17
56
2013-14 (P)
Buildltech 2012-13 2015-16 (P)
Buildltech Production import Export Domestic Total Export Domestic Export Domestic
Volume (in '000
MT) 284 - - 284 284 327 432
Value (in Rs.

2,260 254 23 2,491 2,514 25 2,794 30 3,548
Total Crore)
Clothtech
Exhibit 17: Market summary of Clothtech
2013-14 (E)
Clothtech 2012-13 (All values in Rs. Crore) 2015-16 (P)
Production Import Export Domesti Total Expor Domesti

Export Domestic
Clothtech c t c
Value (in Rs. Crore)
Laces and 478 59 10 527 537 11 590 14 740
tapes Volume (in MT)
4,093 506 86 4,513 4,599 96 5,055 120 6,341
485 171 9 647 656 10 692 11 792
Interlining
Volume (in Mn. Sq.
m) 185 65 3 246 250 4 264 4 302
Zip fastener Value (in Rs. Crore)
tape 183 3 20 166 186 22 179 28 209
(T T Volume (in Mn.
Component) metres) 813 13 89 738 826 100 797 125 929
Elastic Value (in Rs. Crore)
narrow tape 829 91 90 830 920 90 955 90 1,263
57
2013-14 (E)
Clothtech 2012-13 (All values in Rs. Crore) 2015-16 (P)
Production Import Export Domesti Total Expor Domesti

Export Domestic
Clothtech c t c
Volume (in Mn.
metres) 2,256 248 245 2,259 2,503 245 2,597 245 3,435
Hook and
loop 137 43 1 179 180 1 206 1 272
fastener Volume (in Mn.
metres) 264 83 2 345 347 2 396 2 524
Labels and 1,578 94 36 1,636 1,672 40 1,800 48 2,178
Badges Volume (in Mn.
pieces) 19,526 1,163 445 20,244 20,690 490 22,269 593 26,945
Umbrella
Market 1,030 1,030 - 1,030
Umbrella Value (in Rs. Crore)
cloth 30 76 3 103 106 3 113 3 137
(T T Volume (in Mn. Sq.
Component) m) 3 9 0 12 12 0 13 0 15
Specialised Value (in Rs. Crore)
and 548 30 17 562 578 17 629 17 789
Industrial Volume (in '000
Sewing MT)
thread 22 1 1 22 23 1 25 1 32
4,268 567 186 4,649 4,835 193 5,163 211 6,379

Total In Rs. Crore
58
Hometech
Exhibit 18: Market summary of Hometech
Hometech 2012-13 (All values in Rs. Crore) 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Productio Domesti Domesti

Export Export
n Import Export Domestic Total c c
1,710 - 130 1,580 1,710 150 1,896 198 2,730
Fibrefill
Volume (in '000 MT)
210 - 16 194 210 18 2,328 24 335
902 - - 902 902 - 992 - 1,200
Ticking fabric
Volume (in Mn. Sq. m)
120 - - 120 120 - 1,322 - 160
217 3 - 220 220 - 229 - 247
CBC
16 0 - 16 16 - 168 - 18
1,057 23 405 675 1,080 466 776 616 1,026
Stuff toys
Volume (in Mn pieces)
64 1 24 41 65 28 467 37 62
Plush fabric
(TT comp. of stuff 314 10 122 202 324 141 232 186 307
toys) Volume (in Mn.
Metres) 14 0 6 9 15 6 105 8 14
537 1 - 538 538 - 602 - 755
Blinds
10 0 - 10 10 - 109 - 14
59
Productio Domesti Domesti

Export Export
n Import Export Domestic Total c c
Filter fabric -
HVAC & Vacuum 40 7 - 47 47 - 54 - 71
cleaner Volume (in Mn. Sq. m)
3 1 - 4 4 - 43 - 6
32 2 - 34 34 - 38 - 48
Nonwoven Wipes
Volume (in Mn pieces)
717 45 - 762 762 - 8,533 - 1,070
434 37 1 470 471 1 541 1 715
Mosquito Nets
145 12 0 157 157 0 1,802 0 238
Furniture Fabrics
1,629 375 522 1,482 2,004 585 1,660 733 2,082
& other coated
fabrics Volume (in Mn. Sq. m)
120 28 39 110 148 43 1,226 54 154
5,814 435 775 5,474 6,249 876 6,243 1,118 8,156

Total
60
Protech
Exhibit 19: Market summary of Protech
Protech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)

Producti Domesti
Import Export Domestic Total Export Domestic Export
on c
Value
Bullet Proof (in Rs. Crore) 522 1 54 469 523
57 525
63 658
Jackets* Volume
(in lakh nos.) 2 0 0 2 2
0 2
0 3
Value
(in Rs. Crore) 158 1 122 36 158
147 43
211 62
FR Apparel
Volume
(in lakh. nos.) 14 0 11 3 14
13 4
19 6
Value
FR Fabrics for (in Rs. Crore) 223 - - 223 223
- 241
- 281
furnishings Volume
(in lakh metres) 63 - - 63 63
- 68
- 80
Nuclear & Value

Biological (in Rs. Crore) 9 6 - 16 16
- 18
- 22
Protective Volume
Clothing (in nos.) - 12,289
6,502 4,470 - 10,972 10,972 - 15,415
Chemical Value
Protective (in Rs. Crore) 15 4 - 19 19
- 23
- 33
clothing Volume -
1
61
Protech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)

Producti Domesti
Import Export Domestic Total Export Domestic Export
on c
(in lakh nos.) 1 0 - 1 1 - 2
Value
High visibility (in Rs. Crore) 76 - - 76 76
- 81
- 91
clothing Volume
(in lakh metres) 59 - - 59 59
- 62
- 70
Value
1,162 290
Industrial gloves (in Rs. crore) 1,263 - 1,010 253 1,263 1,536 384
Value
Industrial gloves (in Rs. Crore) 189 189 189
- 189
288
(T T component) Volume
(in lakh metres)
Value
High Altitude (in Rs. Crore) 420 189 - 609 609
- 658
- 768
clothing Volume (in lakh
pieces.) 4 2 - 6 6
- 7
- 8
Value (in Rs.
Other protective Crore) 145 29 72 102 174
83 112
110 136
clothing Volume (in lakh.
nos.) 58 11 28 41 70
33 45
44 54
1,757 231 248 1,739 1,988 286 1,890 383 2,339

Total
62
Geotech
Exhibit 20: Market summary of Geotech
2013-14 (E)
2012-13 (All values in Rs. Crore) 2015-16 (P)
Geotextiles Production Import Export Domestic Total Export Domestic Export Domestic
Value (in
Rs. Crore) 583 100 503 180 683 578 194 764 227
Geotextiles Volume
(in '000
49 8 42 15 57 48 16 64 19
MT.)
Oekotech
Exhibit 21: Market summary of Oekotech
2013-14 (E)
Export Domestic
Oekotextiles Production Import Export Domestic Total Export Domestic
Value (in
Rs. Crore) - 132
120 120 120 - 160
Oekotextiles Volume
(in '000
- 11
MT.) 10 - - 10 10 - 13
63
Indutech
Exhibit 22: Market summary of Indutech
Indutech 2012-13 2013-14(P) 2015-16 (P)
Productio Market Domest Domest
Product Unit Imports Exports Domestic Export Export
n Size ic ic
Conveyor belts (TT ‘000 MT 12 2.6 3.3 11.2 14.6 3.5 12.9 3.98 17.1
component)
INR Crore 300 76 84 292 376 89 336 100 444
MT 5,118 400 341 5,177 5,518 362 5,953 407 7,873

Drive belts(TT component)
INR Crore 199 33 19 213 232 20 245 23 325
million
Cigarette filter rods nos 19,874 2 1,391 18,485 19,876 1,808 19,779 3,055 22,645
INR Crore 421 2 29 394 423 38 421 64 482
mn metres 2 0.06 - 2 2 - 2 - 2
Decatising cloth
INR Crore 35 6 - 41 41 - 43 - 48
000 sqm 339 432 38 734 772 38 807 40 977

Bolting cloth
INR Crore 14 18 2 30 32 2 33 2 40
AGM glass battery Mn Sqm 9 59 0 68 68 0 82 0 118

separators
INR Crore 50 325 0 375 375 0 450 0 648
Coated abrasives(TT MT 53,092 1,410 278 54,224 54,502 289 65,069 312 93,699
component)
INR Crore 711 48 9 750 759 9 900 10 1,296
Ropes and cordages ‘000 MT 122.5 11.7 37.1 97.1 134.2 44.5 108.7 64.1 136.3
64
Indutech 2012-13 2013-14(P) 2015-16 (P)

Productio Market Domest Domest
Product Unit Imports Exports Domestic Export Export
n Size ic ic
INR Crore 1,646 71 709 1,008 1,717 851 1,129 1,225 1,416
Glass fabrics as a part of ‘000 MT 81.8 46.5 14.3 114 128.3 15.2 131.1 17.1 173.4
composites (TT component)
INR Crore 924 499 202 1,221 1,423 214 1,404 240 1,856
Printed circuit boards(TT Mn Sqm - 32 - 32 32 - 38 - 51

component)
INR Crore - 29 - 29 29 - 34 - 46
mn metres 1,099 332 7 1,425 1,431 7 1,453 7 1,512

Computers printer ribbon
INR Crore 220 66 1 285 286 1 291 1 302
Mn Sqm 5 1 0 6 6 0 7 0 9
Filtration products
INR Crore 407 6.4 2 411 414 2 473 2 625
860 395 43 1,212 1,256 52 1,394 75 1,844

Paper making fabrics
INR Crore 147 67 7.4 207 214 9 238 13 314
Industrial webbings and MT 4,080 5,043 325 8,798 9,123 358 9,678 433 11,710
slings
INR Crore 102 194 8.2 288 296 9 317 11 383
Sqm - - - - -
Others#
INR Crore 7 1.4 2 6 8 2 7 3 8
Values INR Crore 5,183 1,442 1,075 5,550 6,625 1,246 6,320 1,694 8,235
# Others include Acoustic fabric for mobiles and technical textile hoses (Only T T Components)
65
3. New Technical textile products
New technical textile products have been segregated from traditional products based on the following
parameters:
 Current usage level and prospects for growth in future
 New technical textile products that have emerged in last 2 years
 Technical textile products where the consumption market is expected to have a significant
growth prospect in near future
 Technical textile products that have seen high level of value addition in recent past.
 Technical textiles, where Government policies would significantly impact the market
demand in a positive manner
The total new technical textile market in India is estimated to be Rs. 14,855 crore for 2012-13 and is
expected to grow at 16% till 2015-16. It constitutes of 51 new products accounting for 23% of the total
technical textile industry in 2012-13. The segment wise summary of new technical textiles is shown in
the following exhibit:
Exhibit 23: Market summary of new technical textiles
Sl. Segment Total Tech New Tech New Tech New tech New tech New tech
No. Tex Tex Tex tex. tex. tex.
Market market Projected Market Market Market
size share CAGR size (E) size (P) size (P)
2012-13 2012-13 (2013-16) 2013-14 2015-16 2017-18
(in Rs. (in Rs. (in Rs. (in Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore) Crore)
1 Agrotech 826 21% ~23% 212 321 361
2 Meditech 3,321 19% ~15% 752 973 1,317
3 Mobiltech 6,607 1.7% ~12% 276 346 447
4 Packtech 28,020 7% ~18% 2,164 3,000 4,171
5 Sportech 4,132 14% ~16% 662 884 851
6 Buildtech 2,514 26% ~14% 757 987 1,296
7 Clothtech 4,835 16% ~12% 852 1,079 1,367
8 Hometech 6,249 42% ~17% 3,112 4,295 5,946
9 Protech 1,988 54% ~14% 1,225 1,583 1,814
10 Geotech 683 100% ~13% 772 991 1,275
11 Oekotech 120 0% - - - -
11 Indutech 6,625 84% ~16% 6,042 8,585 11,557
Total technical
65,920 23% ~16% 17,185 23,041 30,402
textile market
As it can be inferred from the above exhibit, Indutech, buildtech and Hometech are the major new
technical textile segments. The segment wise distribution can be seen in the following exhibit.
Exhibit 24: Market size pie product wise – New Technical textile products
New Technical textiles Market size - 2012-13

(in Rs.14,855 Crore)
Geotech Agrotech Meditech
5% 1% 4% Mobiltech
2% Packtech
12%
Sportech
Indutech 4%
37%
Buildtech
5%
Hometech
Protech Clothtech
18%
7% 5%

The growth prospect for each of the new technical textile products has been shown in a segment wise
fashion in the following exhibit. The detailed market size of each of the product can be seen in the
respective segments.
Exhibit 25: New technical textile products – Growth prospects
Sl.no. Projected growth rate
(CAGR - 2013-16)
Agrotech
1 Shade nets 23%
2 Mulch Mats 15%
3 Crop covers 15%
4 Anti Hail & Anti Bird nets 25%
Agotech Total new Tech Textiles 23%
Meditech
5 Baby Diaper( TT Component) 15%
6 Incontinence Diaper TT Component 20%
7 Sanitary Napkin( TT Component) 15%
8 Surgical Disposables 10%
9 Disposable Bed-sheets, curtains and Pillow Covers 15%
10 Artificial Heart Valves 20%
67

(CAGR - 2013-16)
11
15%
Artificial Tendon/ Hernia Mesh (TT Component)
12 Artificial Joints 19%
Meditech Total new Tech Textiles 14.6%
Mobiltech
13 Airbags
15%
(TT component)
14 Seat belt webbings 10%
Mobiltech Total new Tech Textiles 12%
Packtech
15 Soft luggage(TT component) 19%
16 Tea bags filter paper 20%
17 Leno Bags 15%
Packtech Total new Tech Textiles 18%
Sportech
18 Sport Composite - TT Component 14%
19 Ballooning fabric 15%
20 Parachute fabric 12%
21 Artificial turf 15%
22 Sports nets 25%
23 High performance swim wears and sports wears 35%
Sportech Total new Tech Textiles 16%
Buildtech
24 Architectural Membranes 20%
25 Hoarding & signage 12%
26 Awning & canopy 30%
27 Scaffolding Net 15%
28 Acoustic fabric 15%
Buildtech Total new Tech Textiles 14%
Clothtech
29 Hook and loop fastener 15%
30
12%
Specialized and Industrial Sewing thread
Clothtech Total new Tech Textiles 12%
Hometech
31 Fibrefill 20%
32 Plush fabric
15%
( TT Component of soft toys)
33 Blinds 12%
34 Filter fabric - HVAC & Vacuum cleaner 15%
35 Nonwoven Wipes 12%
68

(CAGR - 2013-16)
Hometech Total new Tech Textiles 17%
Protech
36 Bullet Proof Jackets* 11%
37 FR Apparel 20%
38 Nuclear and biological protective clothing 12%
39 Chemical Protective clothing 20%
40 Industrial gloves (T T component) 15%
41 Other protective clothing 12%
Protech Total new Tech Textiles 14%
42 Geotech 13%
Indutech
43 AGM glass battery separators 20%
44 Conveyor belts (TT component) 13%
45 Drive belts(TT component) 14%
46 Coated abrasives(TT component) 20%
47 Ropes and cordages 15%
48 Glass fabrics as a part of composites (TT component) 14%
49 Printed circuit boards(TT component) 17%
50 Filtration Products 15%
51 Paper making fabrics 15%
Indutech Total new Tech Textiles 15.7%
Total New technical textiles 16%
69
4. Investment in Technical textiles

Technical textile industry has been a growing industry for the last five with many players going for new
investments for product diversification and capacity additions. In addition to that, the growing
preference for non woven fabric in technical textile has led to entry of new players in the segment
particularly for catering to the packaging, home and hygiene markets.
Domestic Investment in Technical Textiles

The technical textile sector had been the focus of major investments in the textiles sector from 2005 to
2008. Post 2008, the annual investment through TUFS has been growing at a very slow pace with loans
under TUFS growing at 3.8% p.a from 2009 to 2014.
Exhibit 26: Term loans in technical textiles through TUFS
50,000 10,000
38,485
34,017 37,205 38,768
Cummulative iterm loans
40,000
33,829 7,500
Annual term loans

30,583
28,121
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
30,000
5,000
20,041
20,000
1,572 10,547
567 2,500
10,000 480
3,854
- -
Cummulative Loans under TUFS Annual Term Loans under TUFS
Source: Office of textile commissioner
The investments were mainly made in few specific states. 69% of the total investments during the 2007
to 2012 were made in Maharashtra. The following exhibit shows the key states and their share in
investment via TUFS during the period.
70
Exhibit 27: Investment across states
Investment across states 2007-12

(Total Term loans - Rs. 14, 348 crore)
Gujarat Others
7% 12%
Punjab
12%
Maharahstra
69%
Source: Office of Textile Commissioner, IMaCS analysis
The trends in investment show a sinusoidal nature of investments. The investments have dipped in 2012
and are expected to boom again in near future.
The key investments in technical textile sector during the last five years have been discussed below:
Key investments in Technical textile sector

The major investments in technical textile sector announced in the last five years have been shown in
the exhibit below:
Exhibit 28: Key investments in technical textile sector in last few years
Sl. Year Investing Sector Details Type of
No. company Investment
Investment in Meditech
1 2012-13 CX Partner Meditech Purchased 40% stake in Sutures India PE
for Rs. 200 Crore.
2 2012-13 Global Non Non woven New Spun melt line at Nasik of Capacity
woven, US & Meditech 20,000 MT capacity. It would target Addition
hygiene and medical applications
3 2012-13 Paramount Meditech Capacity addition for production of
Surgimed Adult diapers. It aims to expand its
(India) sales by 65%. Current capacity – 30
million per year
Investment in Packtech
4 2012-13 Alliance Packtech Plans to double capacity from 63 Capacity
Polysacks million to 132 million sacks per year Addition
Investment in Mobiltech
5 2012-13 Caparo, UK Composites Is setting up a unit for carbon fibre New
71

– Mobiltech
based composites for automobiles in Project
South India
6 2012-13 Kaman Group Composites New facility at Goa - called Kineco Joint
& Kineco India - Mobiltech Kaman Composites India Pvt. Ltd. for Venture via
production of advanced composites FDI
for airlines
7 2012-13 Hollingsworth Automotive Hollingsworth and Vose group is Joint
& Vose group filters setting up a plant for manufacturing Venture
of automotive filters at Dahej worth
Rs 1650 Crore1
Investment in Protech
8 2011-12 Shri Lakhmi Protech Shri Lakhsmi Cotsyn Defence, a major Capacity
Cotsyn Defence technical textile player located at Addition
Kanpur has made new investment to
develop specific NBC fabrics and
protective jackets for Indian defence
sector. The capacity increase is
currently underway
9 2011-12 Arvind Mills & Protech Arvind Mills and DuPont have come Strategic
Dupont to a strategic alliance where in Alliance
Arvind Mills would use Nomex fibre
supplied by Dupont to develop
inherent FR fabrics in India
Investment in Indutech
10 2014-15 Hollingsworth& Indutech Acquires Raman FibreScience a Acquisition
Vose manufacturer of AGM glass separator
10 2012-13 Freudenberg Indutech Acquired Pyramid Filters Ltd. Acquisition
Filtration
(India)
11 2012-13 Hindustan Composites Rights to develop and market carbon Strategic
Technical - Indutech fibre fabrics in India partnership
Fabrics & Toho
Tenax Co. Ltd. ,
Japan
12 2012-13 SK Capital Indutech Acquisition of Textile chemicals, PE via FDI
and Paper specialty and emulsion
composites business of Clariant
13 2011-12 Arvind Mills & Composites Arvind Mills and PD Fibreglass group JV
PD Fibreglass have started a JV with 51% stake of
Group Arvind Mills to produce glass fibres
which would have an investment of
Rs. 80 crore in a span of five years
Investment in Geotech
1 Investment is around USD 30 million – Exchange rate taken to be Rs. 55/ USD
72

14 2012-13 Oerilikon Geotech Sold an inline plant with 12 spindles Subsidiary
Neumag for geo-textile manufacturing
15 2013-14 Fiberweb Geotech Fiberweb Holdings of United FDI
Holding Kingdom purchased majority stake in
Terram Geosynthetics India Limited
for Rs. 17.8 crore
Investment in Non woven
16 2012-13 HB Fuller Non woven Capacity addition through new plant FDI
in Pune.
17 2012-13 Precot Non woven Greenfield Non woven project in Greenfield
Meridian & & Meditech Karnataka for hygiene care products Project via
VMI, Holland JV
18 2012-13 Alpha Foam Non woven Capacity addition of Spun-bond non Domestic
woven by 10,000 MTPA Investment
19 2010-11 Ahlstorm Non-woven New Greenfield project at Mundra in FDI via
Gujarat for production of non woven subsidiary
20 2011-12 Sanhrea Non woven Sanhrea Technical textiles is adding Capacity
Technical capacity of up to 200 MT at a addition at
Textiles Greenfield project near Ahmedabad Greenfield
to cater to the rising demand for RFL project
dipped specialized fabrics. It would
involve a investment of up to Rs. 50
crore
Strategic Partnerships
21 2011-12 DuPont & Protech Strategic alliance where Arvind Strategic
Arvind Mills acquired rights to manufacture and Alliance
sell Nomex based products in India
22 2012-13 Alok Hometech Alok acquired rights to manufacture Partnership
International & and market home textile products
Richard and under Hilton brand name.
Kathy Hilton
23 2010-11 NanoHorizans Specialty Nano Horizons has made a Partnership
& Indorama Fibres partnership with Indorama to
distribute its Smart Silver anti
microbial products in India.
Source: Secondary sources, IMaCS analysis
In addition to these major investments in the sector many domestic players have also expanded
production capacity in the last five years. The major names for the same are:
FDI in technical textiles

Indian textile sector has grown mostly on account of domestic investment. The FDI in textiles sector of
India is less than 1% of the total FDI inflow into India for last five years. The trend in FDI for textile sector
is shown in the exhibit below:
73
Exhibit 29: FDI in textile and technical textiles

1400 26% 30%
1219
1200 25%
1000
805 20%
in Rs. crore
757 715 16%

800
589 12% 566 15%
600
6% 10%
400
3% 183 4%
200 92 96 74 5%
25 20
0 0%
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
FDI in textiles FDI in Technical textiles Share of TT in textile investments
Source: Ministry of Textiles
Technical textile sector is a major driver for FDI as the sector is witnessing a growth phase in India and
the market is expanding rapidly for segments such as Protech, Geotech, Meditech, Packtech as the
awareness and preference of technical textile is growing. Major FDI projects in technical textile sector
for the last five years are enumerated as under:
 Duravit AG the Germany based parent company has invested a total of Rs. 41 crore in its Indian
subsidiary Duravit India Pvt. Limited in a span of 3 years from 2008-09 to 2010-11. Duravit India
Limited is a growing manufacturer of textile wadding products like sanitary napkins in the
Meditech segment
 Ahlstrom invested Rs. 150 crore in 2009-10 and 2010-11 through its Indian Subsidiary Ahlstrom
(India) Pvt. Ltd. for production of non woven in Mudra Gujarat. The project became operational
n 2010-11. The plant caters mostly to export demand of high quality spun bond non woven for
Meditech segment
 Pioneer Elastics India Pvt. Ltd. got FDI its parent organisation Pioneer in2011-12 and 2013-14 to
the tune of Rs. 22 crore
 Global Non woven is establishing a new spun melt line at its Nasik plant in India for production
of non-woven
 Klopman, the carbon composite player received FDI from its parent company worth Rs. 2 crore
in 2011-12
 Indorama received an FDI worth Rs. 55 crore in 2011-12 from its parent company and Nano
horizon for technical textiles
74
 Fiberweb Holdings, the global technical textile giant acquired India based Terram geo-synthetics
for Rs. 17.8 crore in 20130-14
 Caparo, an industrial composite maker based out of UK has invested to develop a new plant for
plastic composites in South India to cater to automobile manufacturers
 Hollingsworth and Vose group, based out of US are investing Rs. 1650 crore in Indian technical
textile industry for starting an automotive filter plant at Dahej in Gujarat
 Oerilikon Neumag, a global player for geo-textiles is planning to enter Indian markets. It has
already invested for development of 12 spindles to produce 10,000 MT of geo-textiles in South
India
Possibilities for existing textile business to enter technical textiles

The following segments offer a significant potential for traditional textile players to enter into technical
textiles:
1. Woven and printed shopping bags: The industry setup required for shopping bags is mostly
shuttle looms, which are also commonly used across traditional textile industry. This indicates
the ease with which an existing textile composite mill or MSME player can transit to becoming a
technical textile manufacturer for woven shopping bags and poly-olefin bags.
2. High performance sportswear: The sportswear industry in India is growing at 14% per annum
with key players like Addidas, Reebok, Puma having a major share of the market. In addition
there are many MSME players which have a significant role to play in the mass market
sportswear products. These players can manufacture technical textiles- high performance
sportswear by using speciality fabrics and fibres like water repellent fabrics, breathable fabrics
and other coated fabrics.
3. Industrial sewing threads and speciality fibres: Industrial sewing threads and speciality
yarn is another area, where a traditional spinning player can transit into with adequate
modifications and installing the required attachments in its pre-existing spinning machinery. The
case of Vardhman Yarns and threads is a clear example of how a textile player can transit from
textile to technical textiles. Vardhman mills having a product of around 500 MT of threads
annually also manufactures also manufactures industrial threads for special applications in
footwear, leather garments, Automotive seating, luggage, compressor windings and book
winding among others. For various applications of filtration woven scrim fabrics can also be
manufactured from traditional looms, by using speciality yarn such as meta-aramid, etc.
75
4. Fire retardant apparels and fabrics: Fire retardant apparels and fabrics is a segment with
high potential for new players coming from traditional textile industry. The segment has seen
many such transitions where in a traditional textile player has dedicated some of its
infrastructure for manufacturing FR fabrics and apparels, as the installation for apparel
manufacturing works for FR apparel production also. Some of the leading Fire retardant players
who have transited from traditional textiles are:
 JayaShree Textiles, a division of the Aditya Birla Group has a significant share in Fire
retardant fabric manufacturing close to two lakh metres annually out of its two million
metres capacity.
 Alok Industry has also established itself as a fire retardant apparel and work wear
garment player where in fire retardant apparels contribute to around 2% of its
garmenting revenue.
 Loyal Textiles also produce Protech products in spite of being a traditional textile
manufacturer.
5. Transmission belts fabric: Transmission belts used in Indutech like drive belts are another
segment that can be an entry level product segment for a traditional textile MSME or composite
mill. Transmission belt production involves production of fabric and then applying rubber
coating on it through dippining in rubber. Many of the industry players like Habasit Lakoka Pvt.
Ltd, engage outside players for purchase of fabric before dipping. This is a good prospect
wherein, a traditional textile player can tie up with a technical textile player for supply of fabric
for transmission belting.
In addition to these initiatives, cost effective business models can be developed for promoting SME
investment and entrepreneurship in technical textiles. These business modesl should be targeted at low
investment products across segments that cater to industrial segment or intermediate products so that
definite and clearly identified markets and customers can be targeted. The key products for which such
business models can be developed are enumerated as follows:
1. All agro nettings excluding fish nets and high tensile nets
2. Non-woven end product converters like wipes, non woven interlining and medical disposables
3. Garment accessories like elastics and hook and loop fabrics
4. Medical dressing and bandages manufacturing
5. Coated fabric industrial gloves, sleeping bags and tent manufacturing
76
5. Geographical spread of technical textiles

The technical textile industry in India is concentrated in few key pockets across the country. While
Gujarat is the hub for categories like hometech, Packtech, Agrotech and non woven, Maharashtra is the
hub for most of Clothtech and Indutech production. The key states where technical textile industry is
clustered along with their relative advantages have been discussed as under:
Gujarat
Gujarat is the hub of technical textiles with many key players located in Ahmedabad and Surat, the two
strong holds with over 300 units involved in textiles and technical textile at each location. Gujarat is the
market leader amongst Indian states in production of manmade textile based Packtech and Clothtech
products and non woven.
The state has the distinct advantage of an easy and cheap supply of raw material both cotton as well as
manmade fibres, both of which are manufactured in large quantities in Gujarat. In addition to that, the
textile policy of Gujarat offers up to 6% credit linked interest subsidy for promotion of technical textile
industry. This along with the stream lined support from the State government in terms of easy
availability of licenses goods, infrastructure support in terms of power and road connectivity have been
the major boosters for technical textile industry in the state. As a result many new projects have entered
in the state like Ahlstrom’s Non-woven plant and Hollingsworth and Vose group’s auto filter plant which
would be set up at Dahej in Gujarat. Gujarat also enjoys the availability of skilled man power which has
been trained over generations working on the textile industry as well as goods research and
development support with ATIRA and MANTRA located in the state.
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is the other important state when it comes to technical textiles. The State excels in various
Indutech and home tech products with key players located in and around the Mumbai – Pune area.
Large players like Garware ropes, Bombay Dyeing, Entremonde Polycoaters, Sky industries, Supreme
Non woven, Spica Elastic and Kusumgar corporate are some of the renowned names of technical textile
industry that are located in Maharashtra.
The state has the largest area under cotton cultivation and enjoys goods supply of raw material . It is
closely linked to the raw material supplying industries of Gujarat also. The state has one of the finest
77
technical textile institutes in India with four COEs being located in Maharashtra. However, the textile
policy of the state does not put special emphasis on the technical textile industry.
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is a major textile hub of the country. Over the years it has also made its mark in the technical
textile industry with many key players of Clothtech and hometech located within the state. The State
has a large number of SMEs that are involved in supporting the garmenting industry of the state by
supplying key technical textile raw materials. Key technical textile industries located in the state are
Precot Meridian, Loyal Textiles, Zip industries, Ideal zippers, Habasit, Fennerand Fruedenberg non
woven. In addition to this the state has a cluster of mosquito net manufacturers located at Karur. Both
the Association of Fishnet manufacturers and Mosquito net manufacturers are located in Tamil Nadu.
The state has the largest number of spindles in the country and is a major fabric producer. It provides
support to the technical textile industry by providing an easily approachable market of textiles and
garments. As a result the Clothtech industry is flourishing in the state. It also has goods supply of cotton.
However, the state lacks in providing incentives for promotion of technical textile industry.
Karnataka
Karnataka is another major hub of technical textiles with over 72 technical textile industries located in
the state mostly around Bangalore. The key industries are Kurlon India, Madura Coats, Tata Adanced
Materials and Futura Surgicare. The state is a major hub for Meditech and Packtech products.
Along with the key industries, the state also enjoys the benefit of having goods infrastructure and
appropriate location between, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra which are the major fibre
and fabric manufacturing states. The state has come up with a new textile policy with special focus on
technical textiles by providing an addition 10% capital subsidy for technical textile industries, thereby
promoting companies to set up in the State. The State plans to spend Rs. 1,700 crore in the XII th plan for
development of technical textile industry in the state. This would act as a major booster for technical
textile industry in the state.
Delhi/ NCR
Delhi/ NCR is a major hub of technical textiles with many key industries with operations across different
segments of technical textile located in the National Capital region. The region has concentration of
Mobiltech, Sportech and Hometech players. The key technical textile industries in the region are SRF,
Uniproducts Ltd, Abhishek Auto industries, YKK Pvt. Ltd., Alps Industries, Sheela Foams, Flocksur India,
78
Jasch Group and RSWM Ltd. The region enjoys the benefit of being the major industrial as well as
business centre of Northern India well connected with goods infrastructure to promote industries.
Other major clusters

Other than the above mentioned key states, there are a few clusters of technical textile production.
These have been discussed as under:
Kolkata: Kolkata is a major production of jute based technical textiles in particular hessians and jute
sacks in addition to protective technical textiles like industrial gloves and industrial work wear. The city
has most of the industrial gloves manufacturers present in India. The key technical textile industry
located at Kolkata are Chev Jute, Gloster jute mills and Bali jute mills in the Packtech segment and
Mallcom India Ltd, Rajda exports, Tara Lohia, Intech Safety and Jayashree Textiles in the Protech
segment. The cluster enjoys the benefit of easy availability of goods quality jute which is produced in
West Bengal.
Kanpur: Kanpur is the major hub for production of tents, tarpaulins and sleeping bags. The city has
many small SMEs like Tirupati Taxco and Kanpur tent factory as well as large technical textile players like
Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn, M Kumar Udyog, Ganesha Ecosphere Ltd. and Standard Newar Mills. The city also
has production facilities of ordinance boards that are involved in development of technical textile
products.
Although Kanpur has no distinct advantage in terms of easy supply of raw material or excellent power
and road infrastructure, the city is a major industrial hub of Uttar Pradesh has work force that is skilled
in these lines with ages of experience in the industry and is available at cheaper rates, in addition to the
presence of defence institutions.
Meerut & Jalandhar: Meerut and Jalandhar are both major clusters and production hubs of sport
composites. While Meerut excels in manufacturing of cricket and boxing based sport composites
Jalandhar excels in manufacturing of inflatable balls. The major players at Meerut are S S industries, S G
Pvt. Ltd., K L Mahajan group and Bhatia Sports. The major industries around Jalandhar are Soccer
International at Jalandhar and Freewill Sports at Ludhiana. The clusters enjoy the advantage of having a
cheaper work force.
The key clusters for technical textiles are shown as under:
79
Exhibit 30: Geographical distribution of key technical textile industries
Delhi & Haryana –All

segments
Punjab – Sportech
Uttar Pradesh -
Sportech
Gujarat - Agrotech,
Packtech & non
wovens
West Bengal –
Protech, Packtech
Maharashtra –
Indutech, Clothtech
Karnataka – Meditech,
Tamil Nadu – Clothtech,
Mobiltech, Meditech,
Agrotech
80
6. Technical textile process

The different processes involved in the manufacturing of technical textiles have been illustrated as
under
Raw Materials
Minerals-
Metals- Asbestos, Synthetic Regenerated Natural
Steel glass polymers fibres fibres
Wire Mono- tape Multi Tow Opening

filament filament
Pulp
Spunbon Melt Carding Silver

d blown roving
Process
Texturizin
g
Non woven bonding Spinning
- Stitch bonding - Ring
Twisting - Thermal - Rotor
- Chemical - Friction
- Needlepunchin - Core
g - Wrap
- Spunlacing
- Spunbonding
Laying, Knotting Weaving Knitting Tufting

plating & - Narrow - Warp
braiding - Broad - Weft
Finishing Coating & lamination

Products
Ropes & Nettings Thread Converted Waddings –

cordages Products – Fibrefill, etc
bags, belts, etc
81
Source: David Rigby Associates
7. Standards for technical textiles

There are currently 184 standards for technical textiles listed under Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). In
addition to these, 21 new standards have been finalised which are under print and 11 where final drafts
have been approved. In addition to these, different COEs and research institutes across India are
currently in process of formulating a total of 69 new standards for different technical textile products.
The status of formulation of standards across segments is shown as under:
Exhibit 31: Different standards for technical textiles
47 2
29 3
26 9 5
24
19 6 6 21
16 8 8 9
14 7 39
9 2 13 7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of standards
Existing standards New Printed and final drafts in Formulation Envisaged
Source: FICCI seminar on standards for technical textiles, IMaCS analysis
Currently the available standards are distributed across seven key segments of technical textile, with a
majority for Indutech, Geotech and Protech. However, large segments of Clothtech, Mobiltech and
hometech which is mostly do not have relevant standards or have standards driven by buyer
requirements. These segments are mostly to cater to the intermediate product requirement of the
automotive, clothing and home textile segments, where in the buyers either follows the universal
standards for purchasing the technical textiles or have product specifications as per their own
requirement to which suppliers adhere to.
82
India is also witness development in the formulation of new standards and a total of 45 new standards
are envisaged to be developed in the coming years. The segment wise distribution of these standards is
as shown in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 32: New standards envisaged

Composites, 3
No.s
Protech, 7 No.s
Indutech, 5 No.s
Agrotech, 9 No.s
Meditech, 21
No.s
Source: FICCI, IMaCS analysis
These new developments in drafting of standards of technical textile, India would be able to ensure
quality for different products of technical textiles. It would have the following benefits for the
stakeholders of technical textile industry:
 This would make it easier for current suppliers who would have a set standard to follow in
manufacturing thereby ensuring high productivity and quality output.
 It would help the institutional buyers, who would be able to come up with tender requests
following a set standard based on which the product quality would be easily gauged.
 It would provide the necessary support to the entrepreneurs planning to enter the
manufacturing of technical textiles, as they would have ready standards for products they would
like to enter into.
 It would provide protection to the consumers specially in case of technical textile end product
 It would help increasing the technological standard for the industry as all the manufacturers
would have to comply with a minimum standard of technology for production
83
However, there are certain segments where in standards are yet to be formulated like crop cover and
anti hail nets in Agrotech. Although last few years have seen extensive development in formulating of
standards, there is still a lot that needs to be done.
8. Potential usage by Institutional Players

Institutional demand is one of the key drivers of growth in technical textiles market. Across several TT
products government institutions are the key purchasing organisations. In addition, the technical nature
of most of the products makes them of use as intermediate products for a finished end product. As a
result the purchases of most products are institutional in nature. The key products that witnesses high
institutional purchases are:
1. Meditech - Surgical sutures and surgical disposables sees high institutional purchases for both
government hospitals and well as armed forces.
2. Mobiltech – Technical textile fabrics for railways
3. Sportech – In Sportech the demand for parachute fabrics, sleeping bags and tents are entirely
dependent on the institutional purchases for the requirements of armed forces and paramilitary
forces.
4. Buildtech – HDPE tarpaulins are purchases institutionally by armed and paramilitary forces
5. Protech – A majority of products in Protech are purchased by government institutions. The key
products having high share of institutional purchases include Personal protective jackets, Fire
retardant fabrics and apparels, Nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) suits and High altitude
clothing
6. Geotech – the entire market for Geotech is based on institutional purchases as the usage of the
product is driven by various departments such as roadways, railways, shipping and port
Ministries and Irrigation.
7. Oekotech – Although a small part, the demand for Oekotech is not directly driven by
institutional purchase is dependent on that, as the contracting firm which uses the Oekotech
uses products based on recommendation of the government which is getting the land fill
developed.
Current Institutional consumption by major User Ministries and Government departments:
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1. Indian Railways: An Indian railway is a major consumer of fire retardant fabrics, technical
textile seat and berth covers and geo textiles. In the market of FR fabrics, Indian railways have
been a key driver player with consumption of close to 40% of the fabric production in India. It is
estimated that Indian railways procures approximately 13.5 lakh metres of fire retardant fabrics
worth Rs. 30 crore annually. On the geo textile front, over 700 km of rail lines are built on weak
formation of soil, which require continuous maintenance. Use of Pre fabricated drains and geo
grids and geo textiles as a base for development of rail tracks prevents sinking of track ballast.
Although, the use of geo textiles by railways is still in trial phase at many places, it is estimated
that Indian railways would come as a major driver for geo textile usage in India consuming
approximately Rs. 82 crore worth of geotextiles annually. Total purchases of railways are
estimated to be worth Rs. 112 crore. The key applications where geotextiles are being used by
railways are shown as under:
Use of Geo grids by Use of Geo textiles by

railways railways
2. National Highway Authority of India and Ministry of Roadways: Ministry of Roadways and
National Highway Authority of India together are one of the largest institutional players when it
comes to roadways. The use of synthetic and natural geo-textiles for longer life of the roads is
increasingly being put to test at different places. The While use of synthetic geo-textiles is
increasingly being done for construction of major roads – Highways and expressways, use of coir
geo-textiles which is cheaper and bio-degradable is being proposed for district level and village
level roads. A pilot project of construction of roads using coir geo-textile has been taken up by
85
nine states. Roadways, continues to be the largest consumer of geo-textiles in India. Out of the
total geotextiles used for roadways, it is estimated that The Ministry of Roadways, uses close to
80% of it, while the other 20% is extensively used by Border Roads Organisation (BRO). It is
estimated that Ministry of roadways would be consuming approximately Rs.67 crore worth of
geo textiles in the coming years annually for development of express highways and national
highway projects. The main consumption would be geo textiles, geo cells, geo grids for roads,
geo textile for erosion control blankets and gabions.
3. Border Roads Organisation (BRO): Border road Organisation constructs and maintains the
major arterial roads along Indian borders. It maintains a total of 3400 km long roads across
India. Due to the difficult mountainous terrain and presence of heavy snowfall and rains at many
areas along the work environment of the BRO, the use of geotextiles is preferred to enhance the
life of the road and minimise damage by rains, snow fall and melting of ice. The key products
used by BRO are geo textiles, gabions and geo grids. The total purchase from BROs is estimated
to be Rs. 17 crore. The potential for use of geo textiles by BRO is very high given the rough
terrain and the poor climatic conditions where they have to make roads, in which the use of geo
textiles can have significant impact on lower maintenance and repair costs. The following
images describe use of geo textiles by BRO:
Geo grids on Bhatinda Geotextiles used in Manali

Overpass Road
86
4. Ministry of Defence (Armed Forces): Indian armed force is a major consumer of technical
textile products purchased either directly through the Ministry of Defence or through its own
organisations for trade and purchases like Armed Forces Medical Supplies and Disposal
(AFMSD). The key products being procured by armed forces are High altitude clothing, bullet
proof jackets, sleeping bags, tents and tarpaulins. The total procurement of these items by
Ministry of Defence is estimated to be 2/3 rd of total procurement excluding supply by Ordinance
factories. The estimated institutional requirement of different products are of 25,000 Bullet
proof jackets, 50 lakh sq. metres of tarpaulins, 20,000 tents and 2 lakh sleeping bags. In addition
it purchases Armed Forces requirement of medical textiles is estimated to be worth Rs. 200
crore. The total purchases of technical textiles by Armed forces and Ministry of Defence is
estimated to be worth Rs. 2942 crore approximately. Out of which, it is estimated that Bullet
proof jackets, High altitude clothing account for majority of the purchases. The potential for
usage is much higher when it comes to Bullet proof jackets, as India is still behind its mandatory
target of having the adequate number of bullet proof jackets. However, significant and quick
efforts are being made to bridge the gap.
5. Ministry of Home affairs: Ministry of Home affairs which purchases for police and paramilitary
together are a major institutional buyers of protective textiles in particular bullet proof jackets.
It is estimated to purchase bullet proof jackets worth Rs. 31 crore annually.
6. Director General - Supplies and Disposals (DGSND): DGSND is responsible for purchase of
small items in lesser quantities limited to a few thousands at a time. DGSND purchases technical
textile items like sleeping bags and tents. They have listed vendors selected through bidding
who supply as per tender requirement. The annual purchase is estimated to be worth Rs. 39
crore, a major chunk out of which is for purchase of tents.
7. Ordinance Factory Board: Ordinance factory board is responsible for production of different
textile and other articles for armed forces of India. The board produces technical textile
products like parachutes, High altitude clothing, sleeping bags and tents. It procures parachute
fabrics and breathable fabrics from the civil suppliers. Total institutional purchase of ordinance
factory is estimated at Rs. 75 crore as raw material for High altitude clothing, and around Rs. 90
crore as raw material for parachute fabrics and other technical textile products. Hence
Ordinance factories are a major institutional players with a net purchasing of Rs. 165 crore
annually.
Does not include procurement from Ordinance factories
87
8. Ministry of Ports and Shipping: The purchases from Ministry of Ports and Shipping is
currently at a very small value as geo textiles are not yet being extensively tried for port and
shipping developments. Geo tubes, Geo-membranes and geo-bags are often used at ports to
prevent shore line erosion by water at ports. The key usage of geo textiles by the ministry are
construction of a geo-tube sea wall which is being done at Uppada village in East Godavari
District of Andhra Pradesh for prevention of erosion by sea. Geo-tubes are also being used at
Kolkata Port on an experimental basis. The total purchase by the Ministry of Ports and Shipping
is estimated at Rs. 87 crore.
9. Government Hospitals (Central and State): Medical technical textiles particularly, surgical
sutures, disposables and dressings has a major institutional consumption coming from different
Central and State Government Hospitals. These purchases are not done at one point but by
different Central Govt. And State Govt. Departments, agencies and public sector units with
which these hospitals are associated. The major requirement of Meditech products is of surgical
dressings and sutures, which are estimated to be used at roughly 50 gm to 70 gm per bed per
day at hospitals. The total purchases of these Meditech products at Government hospitals is
estimated to be worth Rs. 1,070 crore annually out of which, close to 95% is used in procuring
surgical dressings and sutures.
These nine institutional players are the key drivers of institutional purchases in technical textiles
accounting for over 90% of institutional purchases. The total estimated purchase via institutions is
Rs. 2,120 crore. The break –up of the same is shown as under:
Exhibit 33: Key Institutional buyers of technical textiles
Sl. No Institutional buyer Estimated annual purchases
1 Indian Railways Rs. 112 crore
2 Ministry of Roadways Rs. 68 core
3 Border Roads Organization Rs. 17 crore
4 Ministry of Defence (Armed forces)3 Rs. 294 crore
5 Ministry of Home Affairs Rs. 75 crore
6 Director General – Supplies & disposals Rs. 39 crore
7 Ordinance factory Board Rs. 165 crore
8 Ministry of Ports & Shipping Rs. 87 crore
ance factories
88
9 Government Hospitals Rs. 1,070 crore

9 Other Players Rs. 193 crore
Total estimated institutional purchases Rs. 2,120 crore
*Source: IMaCS analysis, Technotex 2014
The share of the key institutional buyers is as shown in the exhibit below
Exhibit 34: Share of key institutional buyers
Institutional Purchasing
Ministry of Ports & ( Rs.2,120 Crore)
Shipping
4% Others
Ordinance factory 9%
Board
8% DG - SND
Ministry of Home 2% Govt. Hospitals
Affairs Indian Armed 50%
4% forces
14%
Railways
5%
Border Road
MoRTH
Organisation
4%
1%
The key initiatives taken by these User Ministries and departments which promote use of technical
textiles are:
1. Ministry of railways is attempting various trials of geo textiles, under its sub-divisions. This
would increase the awareness about geotextiles and also help the railways employee perceive
the benefits of using geotextiles. The key projects are:
 Along the Udhampur- Jammu route, near the bridge on Tawi River, Railways has
constructed a similar embankment of 35 m height
 Use of biaxial geo-grids is being tested for use in pilot projects in four divisions of Indian
railways – NF railways, N railways, EC railways and SC railways
 Geogrid used for rehabilitation in a length of 6.4 Km in Kazipet-Ballarshah & Vijayawara-
Visakhapatnam of South Central Railway during year 2006
 Geogrid used in around 10 Km length on Moradabad-Bareilly section for rehabilitation
during year 2010
 Rehabilitation of 200m stretch in Delhi–Ambala section of Northern Railway
89
 Ratlam Division of Western Railway –

i. Geogrid has been laid in 4.5 Km length between km. 679.50 to 682.00 (UP & DN
line) between Khachrod and Runkhera stations of Godhra- Nagda section in
March 2013
 Secundrabad Division of South Central Railway –
i. 2 Km laid between km 263-265 near Manchiryal Station
ii. 2.5 Km length laid between km. 136-140 (UP line) between Balharshah and
Manikgarh stations of Balharshah – Kazipet section (Oct 2013)
 On Bhusaval Division of Central Railways:
i. Paras-Gaigaon stations, July to September 2012 (DN line).-Approx length 5.2
Km
ii. Asvali-Padli stations, December 2007 to January 2008 (DN line) & January 2009
(UP line). Approx length 3.2 Km
 More tests and pilot projects are being done to see the advantages of geo-textiles for
Indian railways
2. Ministry of roadways is also using geo textiles across various expressways it has recently started
using coir based and jute based geotextiles for promotion of natural products. The key projects
are:
 Use of geo textiles on expressways
 A pilot project of construction of roads using coir geo-textile has been taken up by nine
states
3. Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Home Affairs have suitable norms and guidelines for
technical textile based products like each soldier should have a sleeping bag. Besides, the
department is also taking quick measures and floating tenders for procurement of bullet proof
jackets that are still pending. This is expected to give a significant spike to the market size in the
coming one to two years. Changing the norms regarding the minimum number of such jackets
required is expected to help increase the total market size. Ministry of Home affairs has recently
launched a high value tender for procurement of 1.8 lakh bullet proof jackets.
4. Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has been actively using geo textiles, gabions and geo grids in
many of its projects in the Himalayan region, as the roads there are very fragile due to the
climatic condition and require very frequent repairs. Use of geo textiles has turned out to be
very helpful for BRO.
90
5. Ministry of Ports and Shipping. - Ministry of posts and shipping has been using geo textiles in
trial phase currently. The two key projects being implemented are:
 A geo-tube sea wall is being constructed at Upadda village in East Godavari District of
Andhra Pradesh for prevention of erosion by sea
 Geo-tubes are also being used at Kolkata Port on an experimental basis
Considering the key initiatives being taken by different user ministries and the progress in standards and
norms which would help stream line institutional buying, it is estimated that the institutional
consumption of technical textiles would grow at 9% from 2013 to 2016 reaching Rs. 2,716 crore by 2016.
The segment wise growth forecast and market projections are shown in the following exhibit:
Exhibit 35: Key Institutional buyers of technical textiles

Sl. Institutional buyer Estimated annual Growth Estimated annual Estimated annual
No purchases rate purchases purchases
2012-13 2013-16 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
1 Indian Railways 112 12% 125 157
2 Ministry of Roadways 68 13% 77 98
3 Border Roads 17 13% 19 25
Organization
4 Ministry of Defence 294 9% 320 380
4
(Armed forces)
5 Ministry of Home 75 10% 82 98
Affairs
6 Director General – 39 10% 43 51
Supplies & disposals
7 Ordinance factory 165 10% 182 221
Board
8 Ministry of Ports & 87 13% 98 126
Shipping
9 Government Hospitals 1,070 7% 1145 1313
9 Other Players 193 12% 209 247
Total estimated Rs. 2,120 crore
institutional purchases
*Source: IMaCS analysis,
excluding Ordinace factories
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9. Success stories
Over the last decade, the technical textile industry in India has grown at a moderate rate; however some
of the stakeholders have seen significant growth owing to their special focus on exports, institutional
sales or just by diversifying into different segments of technical textile. While some have grown by
creating a streamlined process, there are a few who have excelled owing to foreign collaboration and
creation of high tech infrastructure. This section portrays the growth of few such organisations that have
excelled in the technical textile industry and how they did it.
Organisations diversifying from traditional textiles to technical textiles
Arvind Limited – diversifying into institutional technical textile market of protech

Arvind Limited started its technical textile division in late 2000 diversifying under the leader ship of Mr.
Sanjay and Mr. Punit lalbhai under the name of Arvind Advanced Materials Division (AMD). Arvind’s
growth strategy for technical textiles has largely been rapid expansion and diversification using global
partnerships and strategic alliances. It has strategically selected areas that have widespread application
across industry to expand its technical textile business. While the JV with PD fibreglass and OG
Corporation are still in a nascent stage it has provided a very comfortable platform for Arvind to foray
further into technical textiles. Arvind has invested over Rs. 50 crore in each of the Joint ventures to
develop this strong presence in technical textiles.
2017-18 -
2014 - JV with targetting upt
OG o Rs. 1000
corporation of crore
2012 - JV with revenue from
PD fibreglass Japan for
nonwoven Technical
of Germany textile
2011- first for production
strategic manufacturing
partnership uniit setup
for FR fabric
Late 2000 and apparel -
- started DuPont
AMD
92
While currently Arvind is established as a strong player in fire retardant fabrics and apparels catering to
the Protech division, it is expected to be a key stakeholder across the composites, nonwoven and
Protech in the coming years.
Nobel hygiene – foraying in a prospective but unexplored Meditech

Nobel Hygiene Ltd is the market leader in adult / incontinence diapers segment. The company was
started in the year 2000 with the objective of providing world class hygiene products to Indian
consumers, at a time when the awareness of incontinence diapers was very limited. It started as an
importer and repackaging unit, gauzing the possibility and scope in Indian market. It took them 10 years
to move from an importing and packaging unit to starting their own production line in 2010 and 2011
for baby diapers and adult diapers respectively. Today’s they are one of India’s largest diaper
manufacturers with capacity of 150 million diapers annually. In 2015 the firm has bagged an investment
of USD 10 Million from a global firm to leverage the exponential growth being witnessed in the Indian
Market.
Plans to
2013 - double
Raised capacity
2011- equity of in coming
Adult 11.5 Mn years
2010 - daiper USD for
first baby plant - expansion
daiper Nasik
2000 - Started as plant
importing &
repacking at Goa
However, expanding capacities came with the added challenge of capturing larger markets and sell more
products in a segment that was already facing a major threat from cheap Chinese imports. To add to it,
the high import duties made it a tougher task for the company to compete in domestic market. But, Mr.
Kamal Johari, a first generation entrepreneur and Managing Director at Noble Hygiene had bigger plans
and a well crafted strategy. They started targeting not just the domestic market through stronger
branding and well distributed work force but also went strongly after the institutional sale prospects.
Today it not only has its own brands but also is a major supplier for brands like Star Bazaar, Metro Cash
93
and Carry, Max and many other Indian SMEs. With an aim to diversify its revenue sources, it forayed into
the exports market and is a key exported to UAE, Malaysia and Australia. With a capacity 150 Mn
diapers and 40 Mn under pads annually, Noble hygiene has grown at over 15% per annum in the last few
years with sale of Rs. 65 crore to Rs. 70 crore annually
Garware wall ropes - decoding the export potential

Garware wall ropes Limited, a well known name in the world of technical textiles supplying netting
products and cordages to cater to the fishing industry, sporting industry, geosynthetics, shipping
industry and across all industrial activities. Started in 1976, it has grown to be the largest polymer
cordage manufacturer in the world. The company has made its mark across 75 countries with special
focus in Europe, Canada and US which are its key client. The company had special focus on innovation
and quality products targeting for export market and through its continuous efforts it has been able to
grow its export income by 19% y-o-y while sales grew at 9%. It is also been awarded many prestigious
export awards like – “Star Export house award” and largest sport nets exporter award by SGEPCL.
Exhibit 36: Export growth of Garware
800 60%
50%
700 44%
44% 50%
600 689
37%
32% 603 40%
in Rs. crore
500 32% 581

400 501 341 30%
444 452
300 256 263
185 20%
200 144 145
10%
100
- 0%
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Sales Exports Share of exports
Source: Annual reports of Garware wall ropes
Innovation with high quality has been the key strategy for Garware. Its sport net and fish nets and
continuous research and innovation in them like development of higher strength SNG nettings are the
key bread winners in exports. It has also developed new innovative products like aquaculture cages and
high modulus fibre ropes – Plateena ropes which slowly catching up in the market.
Garware plans to further strengthen its netting offerings targeting newer markets in Africa with agro
products, while foraying into the new segment of coated defence textile solutions, which it expects
would help them generate around Rs. 100 crore in a few years.
94
SRF Limited – capitalizing the domestic market

SRF Limited is one of the leading technical textile players in the country today with a turnover of Rs.
1810 crore from technical textile business in 2013-14 growing at 8% over 2012-13. The organisation a
pioneer in nylon tyre cords has produces tyre cords, belting fabrics and coated and laminated fabrics.
SRF is a leading domestic supplier of tyre cords in India. However, due to the de-growing market of
nylon tyre cords, it started diversifying into other industrial applications of technical textiles including
polyester tyre cord business. In today’s lacklustre market, where intermediate products like tyre cords
saw limited prospects, SRF was quick to change its strategy focussing on domestic markets and launch of
different high value products to capture the market like breathable laminated fabrics, coated flex
fabrics, newer awnings and tent fabrics. This strategy has helped SRF not only grow at a rate of 8%, but
also has made it a key player in awning and tent fabric suppliers, which was mostly catered by SMEs or
unorganised sector.
Exhibit 37: laminated fabric production of SRF
600
500 559
499
400
in lakh sq. m
432
300
200
195
100
-
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Laminated fabrics
Source: Annual reports of SRF
SRF started manufacturing laminated fabrics in 2011 and since then the production has grown at 37% y-
o-y to reaching a total of 500 lakh sq. m. Continuous efforts of SRF has placed it as one of the largest
domestic manufacturers of flex fabric accounting for close to 40% of the flex fabric market which was
once entirely catered by imports from China. SRF aims at capitalizing on the domestic markets of tent
fabrics and awning fabrics in a similar fashion in the coming years. It has already launched its range of
coated awning fabrics.
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Ginni Filaments Ltd

Ginni Filaments commissioned its first manufacturing unit in 1990 for manufacuting filament yarns.
Slowly it diversified into open end yarns in 1998 and then into garmenting in 2006. The company
identified the nascent non wovne industry very early and saw its vast potential in 2007 itself. It
commissioned its modern spunlace non woven manufacturing unit in 2007 with a capacity of 12,000 MT
per annum. Till date the company commands a significant share of non woven spunlace market in India
and caters to the rolled good spunlace non woven fabric demand across the country. Along with
developing a strong clientele for its non woven fabric, the company started to diversify into more value
added technical textiles of non woven home and medical wipes. Currently close to 10% of its non woven
production is used in manufacturing wipes catering to the retail segment either through own brand or
private labels. It is also developing offerings for medical textiles and is setting up a plant for medical
textile manufacturing at Haridwar.
Plans to
2009 - increase
Started share of
2007- setting wipes
Eshtablish medical and
2006 - ed non textile medical
Entered woven unit textiles
into spunlace
1990- Started garmenti plant
yarn ng
manufacturing
96
Welspun India
Welspun India is one of the leading and foremost players in the field of Nonwovens in India. Diversifying
from home textiles to nonwoven and technical textiles, the organization has seen significant growth
during the last five to seven years with sales growing from Rs. 1,246 crore in 2008 to Rs. 3,351 crore in
2014 at a growth rate of CAGR 19% per annum during a phase when most of Indian industry was under
intense pressure in light of the global recession.
Its strategy involved strong continuous focus on innovation and development of new products with the
company recording ~25% of revenues from innovative and new products in 2013-14. To stay
competitive the organization strategized by opting for vertical integration increasing it’s spinning and
weaving capacities to supplement its growth efforts of aggressive sales.
For the technical textiles, Welspun developed a patented production line for manufacturing high-end
spunlace and composites products in a span of three years. To stay technologically updated the
company had a machine configuration exclusivity agreement with Truetzschler (Fleissner) for the next
10 years. They are currently planning to increase cross lapping and multi layering capacities at Welspun
from 6000 MT p.a to 13000 MT p.a.
Going forward the Company plans to continue with its strategy of new product development focusing on
broadening its non woven offerings to cater to industrial demands and also provide newer offerings in
technical textiles based on biodegradable and natural fibres.
Net Sales and EBITDA of Welpun India Ltd. (in Rs. Crores)
4,000 900
3,531
3,500 800
3,043
3,000 700
2,590
600
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
2,500
1,992 500
2,000 1,825
400
1,500 1,247 1,347
300
1,000 200
500 100
0 0
FYE08 FYE09 FYE10 FYE11 FYE12 FYE13 FYE14
Net Sales EBITDA
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Gujarat Raffia Industries Ltd.

Gujarat Raffia Industries Ltd is one of the biggest players of Packtech active in the HDPE/PP woven
sacks/bags products. Major products of the company include PE Tarpaulin, Plastic Sheeting, Ground
Sheeting, Geomembrane, Tents, Shelters, Pond Lining, Canal Lining, and Fumigation cover, HDPE Woven
Bags, PP Woven Bags, Vermibed and Ropes etc.
Despite intense competition in the packtech segment over the last few years due to cheap and easy
import of major petrochemical raw materials, Gujarat Raffia has been growing at a steady rate of CAGR
4% on the basis of its installed capacities and varied product offerings. It was strategic in targeting the
key user industry of fertilizers and food grains aggressively and that has yielded steady results for the
company helping it sustain in such economic environment.
The organization has a foresight in looking to the future demand and a market requirement due to
relaxation of regulations related to jute sacking and food grain sackings and is accordingly prepared to
maximize the revenues with regulatory changes in environment. In addition, with slowing domestic
markets, the company has been actively engaging itself in exporting the products to conventional and
newer markets, targeting exports for ~50% of its production. The case of Gujarat Raffia demonstrates
how an organization in one of the mature segments of technical textile and strategize and grow even in
face of intense competition and dismal economic scenario.
Net Sales and EBITDA of Gujarat Raffia Industries Ltd.

28 2.0
1.8
28
1.6
27 1.4
27 1.2
1.0
26 0.8
26 0.6
0.4
25
0.2
25 0.0
FYE11 FYE12 FYE13
Net Sales EBITDA
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Flexituff International Ltd.

Flexituff International Pvt. Ltd is one of the largest FIBC suppliers in the country. It also provides
offerings in geotech and oekotech segments of technical textiles. The company is a major exporter of
FIBC and woven products from India and has received the Top Exporter Award from the PLEXCOUNCIL,
Ministry of Commerce from 2005-06 to 2010-11.
The company has charted a good growth trajectory with its revenue growing at a CAGR of 28% from Rs.
220.23 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 966.26 Crore in 2013-14. EBITDA too has kept pace with the top line
growing at a CAGR of 25% from a base of Rs.29.09 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 112.61 Crore in 2013-14. FIBC
as a division contributed 53.80% of its total revenue in 2013-14.
Net Sales,Export component and EBITDA of Flexituff International Ltd.

1,800 140
1,600 120
1,400
587 100
1,200
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
480
1,000 80
800 449
60
364
600
966 40
400 231 218 863
621 20
200 0 489
220 261 301
0 0
FYE08 FYE09 FYE10 FYE11 FYE12 FYE13 FYE14
Net Sales Export Sales EBITDA
Flexituff started as an export oriented manufacturing unit and has had a core strategy of targeting
exports market for packtech and geotech products. With a focused strategy the organization has seen
an exports growth of 20% CAGR in the last six years from 2008-09 to 2013-14 reaching an export
revenue of Rs. 587 crore in 2013-14.
As a strategy, to augment and retain its export competency, the company focuses on improving existing
technologies and product engineering innovation through continuous expenditure on R&D in the
forthcoming years also, so that the research and development opens new avenues for the Company
along with new products and cost efficient processes. The Company continues to import technically
upgraded machines for its products and performance. New technology so adopted has enabled us to
produce and market our products in various new markets. It is in a position to produce high value of
FIBC for pharmaceuticals sector and special fabrics and liner for the export market like Japan,
pharmaceutical companies in Europe, fabric export market in South America & Australia and liner export
99
market in North America. This is in addition to an already wide product portfolio and heavy capacity that
as a combination gives Flexituff a significant edge over competition.
Alok Industries Ltd.

Alok Industries is a well established conglomerate in the Indian textile and garmenting industry. Started
in 1986, it established its first polyester unit in 1989 and has been growing steadily ever since. Over the
years, it has forayed into fabrics, home textiles, garmenting and even Technical textiles, establishing
itself as a key name in the industry. it started its technical textile operations in 2009, with offerings like
anti microbial finishes, anti static finishes, etc. Soon therafter it started its industrial work wear division
targeting specifically technical textile requirements like fire retardant fabrics and garments, oil and
mosquito repellent offerings, anti microbial and high visibility offerings. It caters to the industries like oil
exploration, defence supplies, healthcare and hospitality sectors, aviation sector and fire brigade
divisions. The company along with domestic supply has also been able to make a mark in the export
market with the total exports of the company inclusive of both conventional and technical textile
witnessing a 55% CAGR growth in the last ten years from Rs. 100 crore in 2004 to exports of Rs. 4,000
crore in 2014.
Reliance Industries
Reliance Industries is one of the top industrial and business houses in India. Over the years, it has also
established itself as a key suppliers and retailer of fibre fill based technical textile offerings. Reliance has
become the single largest supplier of fibre fill in Indian domestic industry catering to over 50% of the
market. It is also the largest manufacturer of virgin fibre fill while most other companies in India are into
manufacturing of recycled fibre fill, with a PSF manufacturing of 612 KT in 2013. The company besides
catering to fibre fill demand has also developed its own line of business of mattresses and pillows
branding its fibrefill as Recron. To crease higher value, it provides exclusive finishes like anti microbial
finish to its recron offerings. It has also diversified into other technical textile sectors of high tenacity
polyester and industrial ropes and agro based nettings of polypropylene. Reliance is a typical case which
shows how an Indian brand has established monopoly over a sector and is benefitting from continuous
value addition and branding efforts.
Jasch Industries
Jasch Industries is a major PU based coated fabric supplier in India catering mostly to the sportech
segment. The company eshtablished in late 90s has had a focus on developing high-tech manufacturing
capacity though modern machinery and IT integration. It is one of the largest PU coated fabric
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manufacturer with production of 31.8 lakh metres in 2013. While most of the coated fabric
manufacturers in India are of PVC and mostly SME players, Jasch differentiated itself by specifically
targeting PU coated fabric manufacturing and focussing on upcoming sectors of high value added sports
shoes, women hand bag and purses and PU coated boots. This has helped Jasch to create a niche market
for themselves in the coated fabric segment which faces heavy price based competition due to presence
of many fragmented players. The company had a sales turnover of Rs. 89 crore in 2013 growing from Rs.
75 crore in 2011.
Growth strategies of key players
Agrotech
1. Garware Wall ropes: It started in 1976, as a polymer cordage manufacturer and over years has
grown to become one of the largest cordage and nettings manufacturer in the world and a key
exporter of fishing nets. Innovation with high quality and continuous research has been the key
strategy for Garware, like development of higher strength SNG nettings. It has revenue of Rs.
689 crore in 2012-13, growing at 9% y-o-y, with 50% of it coming through exports. Garware
plans to further strengthen its netting offerings targeting newer markets in Africa with agro
products.
2. Netlon India Pvt. Limited (Tuflex India): Started in 1985, Netlon is a division of Parry
Enterprises India Ltd. Manufacturing products in the field of polymer nets and knitted fabric. It
is a part of the Murrugappa Group. It is a key manufacturer of polymer fishing nets and markets
its under the brand name “Tuflex”. It has developed itself into a key manufacturer and a strong
brand by focussing on using the best international technology and machinery, high quality
standards, strong market oriented approach and continuous innovation. The company had a
sales turn-over of Rs. 145 crore in 2012-13. It aims at growing in a positive way despite a decline
in sales in 2012-13, due to its continuous efforts towards technology up-gradation, new product
development, increasing operational efficiencies and increasing customer centricity.
3. Rishi Tech Tex Limited: Started in 1984, as a HDPE/PP sack manufacturer, it soon diversified
into manufacturing of agro-nettings. It is a leading manufacturer of shade nets and protection
nets for agro-purposes in India, having achieved the feat of supplying more than 30 million
metres of shade nets till date. It aims at providing high quality and cost effective solutions in
agrotech. It had a sales turnover of Rs. 36 crore in 2012-13.
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4. Neo Corp Ltd.: Neo Corp India Ltd, started as a woven sack manufacturer in 1988. In over two
decades, it has grown to become a key sack manufacturer and also diversified into related
agrotech products making woven ground covers, vermibeds, mulch films and agro nets. It grew
with a focus on export and enjoys a star export house status since 1994. It strategise to become
One shop for all woven packaging and agro needs, investing in future and backward integration
and developing itself as a multi location and multi market serving organisation. It had a turnover
of Rs. 430 crore in 2012-13 growing from Rs. 289 crore in 2011-12. With strong focus on
exporting and target on the select segment of woven technical textile products, the company is
expected to have a steady growth in coming future.
5. CTM Agro Textiles: CTM Agro textiles started as a core agro textile manufacturer in 2009. It
has diversified into offering all kinds of agrotech products like shade nets, insect nets, mulch
mats, green houses, crop covers and vermin beds. It had a turnover of Rs. 674 crore in 2012-13
and aims to grow into one of the renowned companies for agro solutions. It aims at achieving its
goals through establishing strategic alliances with world class producers of Agro Textile material
and setting up State of the Art manufacturing facilities in India.
6. Shri Ambica Polymers Pvt. Ltd.: A 100% EOU located in Gujarat, is a highly recognised export
house and a key exporter of geotextiles and agrotextiles from India. A focus on meeting the
desired quality of output, continuous technological improvement, development of skill set via
trainings and regular monitoring and updation of systems to have the most up to date and
efficient operations has been the key drivers of the company. It has strong presence in woven
ground cover fabrics for agrotech and geotech, shade nets, FIBCs and Jumbo bags.
7. Kwality Nets Mfg. Pvt. Ltd.: Kwality Nets is one of the leading companies providing efficient
netting solutions. It is present in sectors of shade nets, scaffolding nets, sport nets and other
agro protection nettings. Customer centric approach with strong design skills and quality along
with timely delivery has been the stronghold of the organisation.
8. B & V Agro irrigation Co.: It is the oldest manufacturer of shade nets in India, manufacturing
since 1988. Imported German Machineries. Today, the company deals in shade nets, insect nets,
weed mats in the agrotextile domain. Strong backward Integration Programs, R&D efforts, and
focus on Customer Satisfaction and usage of modern German machinery for ensuring the best
quality of nets have been the key strategy for the company.
9. Safeflex International Limited: Headquartered in Pitampur, Madhya Pradesh, the company
has recently grown to become a significant player in the agrotextile space and markets its agro
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nettings under the brand name of “Duranet”. The company manufactures shade nets, insect
nets and anti hail nets along with fencing nets and scaffolding nets. An integrated manufacturing
process with capacity to perform extrusion, film production, slitting and finishing along with
stringent quality testing and customer centric approach is the success mantra for the company.
10. Alpha Foam Pvt. Ltd.: Alpha foam is a major spunbond non-woven manufacturer, present in
the segments on agrotech and meditech. It is a key non-woven mulch mat manufacturer in India
having a manufacturing setup of 650 MT/ month of non woven fabric. Diverse business presence
across meditech, agrotech, industrial nonwovens and coated textiles has been the key strategy
FR Alpha Foams. It also has strong focus on good quality testing infrastructure.
Meditech
1. Johnson & Johnson Ltd.: Johnson and Johnson India, started in India in the year 1947, is one of
the leading players in the Indian pharmaceutical and consumer product business. Over the
years, the company has expanded into three business segments: Consumer Healthcare, Medical
Devices and Pharmaceuticals with focus on medical innovation. It has established itself as a
major player in meditech particularly wipes, surgical dressing and sanitary napkin, by
continuously focussing on procuring intermediate goods and value adding and marketing it in
domestic market with emphasis on marketing and branding. The company had a sales turnover
of Rs. 4043 crore in 2012-13. Johnson and Johnson plans to further strengthen its consumer
healthcare offerings by launching new global products in India.
2. Proctor & Gamble Hygiene & Health Care Ltd.: P&G started its operations in India in 1964
and is one of the largest and the fastest growing consumer goods companies in India. Its
presence is across Healthcare, Household care and Beauty and Grooming segments. The
feminine hygiene business (sanitary napkins) has been a growth engine for the company and
currently the company is a market leader in this particular segment. The company had a sales
turnover of Rs. 1699 crore 2012-13. The company emphasises on superior product propositions
and technological innovations which has enabled it to achieve market leadership in various
segments.
3. Kimberly-Clark Lever Ltd.(KCLL): KCLL is a 50:50 joint venture formed in the year 1994
between Kimberly-Clark Corporation and Hindustan Lever Ltd. It is a major player under
meditech companies. It markets sanitary napkins and manufactures and markets baby diapers in
India. It is a market leader in the baby diapers segment in India. The company leverages the
contemporary technology and distribution system of the parent companies to satisfy the needs
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of the customer with specifically designed products that are easily available. The company
recorded a sales turnover of Rs. 244 crore in the year 2011-12. KCLL plans to invest into
technology to increase its market understanding and grow in the current categories.
4. Nobel Hygiene Ltd.: Nobel Hygiene Ltd is the market leader in adult / incontinence diapers
segment. The company was started in the year 2000 with the objective of providing world class
hygiene products to Indian consumers, at a time when the awareness of incontinence diapers
was very limited. Their strategy targets the domestic market not only through stronger branding
and well distributed work force but also through institutional sale prospects. Noble hygiene has
grown at over 15% per annum in the last few years with sale of Rs. 65 crore to Rs. 70 crore
annually. With an aim to diversify its revenue sources, it forayed into the exports market and is a
key exporter to UAE, Malaysia and Australia.
5. Ginni Filaments Ltd.: Ginni Filaments Ltd. was established in the year 1990 for manufacturing
filament yarns. In the year 2007, the company started to diversify into more value added
technical textiles of non woven home and medical wipes. Currently close to 10% of its non
woven production is used in manufacturing wipes catering to the retail segment either through
own brand or private labels. The company had a sales turnover of Rs. 717 crore in the year
2012-13. It also plans to develop offerings for medical textiles by setting up a plant for medical
textile manufacturing at Haridwar.
6. ALIMCO Ltd. : ALIMCO Ltd. is a non-profit making organization, incorporated in the year 1972.
The company is the largest manufacturer and supplier of artificial limb components and
rehabilitation aids and is a major player in the implantable product category. Their focus is on
continuous research and development to improve design of the existing components and aids
and develop new assistive aids at affordable prices. The company had a sales turnover of Rs. 130
crore in the year 2012-13. ALIMCO Ltd. plans to widen its present product range through
expanding its manufacturing capabilities.
7. Lotus Surgicals Private Ltd: Lotus Surgicals Pvt. Ltd. was established in the year 2005. The
company designs and develops a comprehensive range of products including surgical mesh,
absorbable and non-absorbable sutures with focus on providing the best quality products at
competitive prices. It is an ISO 9001 certified company and a leading manufacturer of Hernia
Mesh in meditech. The company had sales of Rs. 36 crore in the year 2012-13.
8. Welspun India Ltd. : Welspun India is one of the leading and foremost players in the field of
Nonwovens in India. It started in the year 1985. Diversifying from home textiles to nonwoven
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and technical textiles, the organization has seen significant growth during the last five to seven
years with sales growing from Rs. 1,246 crore in 2008 to Rs. 3,351 crore in 2014 at a growth rate
of CAGR 19% per annum. The company has continuous focus on innovation and development of
new products. In the future, the Company plans to continue with its strategy of new product
development focusing on broadening its non woven offerings to cater to industrial demands and
also provide newer offerings in technical textiles based on biodegradable and natural fibres.
9. TTK Healthcare: TTK Healthcare Ltd. was established in the year 1985. Over the years, the
company has spread across three strategic units namely: Pharmaceuticals Division, Consumer
Products Division and Biomedical Devices Division with focus on providing innovative and “value
for money” solutions to the customers. It has established itself as major player in meditech
especially in the Extra Corporeal product category. The company is a well-established player not
only in the domestic market, but also exports its products to various countries. The sales
turnover for the company was Rs. 382 crore in the year 2012-13.
10. Ahlstrom Fibercomposites India Pvt. Ltd.: Ahlstrom Fibrecomposite started in 2007 at
Mudra. It targets the vast potential of high quality and superior non woven required in meditech
applications, which is largely being supplied to fragmented vendors having limited technology
exposure. A state of the art manufacturing with high tech SMMMS non-woven line to cater to all
high value added and technical requirements of meditech. It has put in strong focus on superior
quality and technology along with economies of scale and primarily targets the export market.
Mobiltech
1. SRF Limited: SRF Limited is the leading tyre cord manufacturer in the country today with a
turnover of Rs. 1810 crore from technical textile business in 2013-14 growing at 8% over 2012-
13. Established as the dominant supplier of nylon tyre cords, the company strategized to grow
by focussing on polyester tyre cords, in light of de-growth in demand for nylon tyre cords. It has
also diversified into other segments of technical textiles like Indutech and Buildtech to reduce its
exposure risks.
2. Supreme Non-woven.: One of India’s largest diversified non-woven player, Supreme Non-
woven has presence across Mobiltech, Indutech, clothtech, geotech and non-wovens. The
company is a key supplier of automotive non woven trims and NVH components. Strategic focus
on core industry of non-woven, constant investment in various growth platforms and
continuous promotion of a culture of innovation has been the success mantra for Supreme Non-
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wovens. This coupled with strategically selected locations and clientele which is located at
geographic proximity and a state of the art infrastructure has been the driving the business.
3. SVM Non wovens.: SVM Nonwoven is a Hyderabad based non woven manufacturing company,
present in industrial non woven filter fabrics, automotive carpets and geotextiles and geobags
segments of the technical textiles. Backed by a skilled team, and a focus on higher quality at
optimum pricing has been the approach of the company. This coupled with unique featuring of
products and worldwide network to target export clients has been the driving force behind its
success.
4. Mayur Uniqouters: Mayur Uniqouters was established in 1980s with an aim to cater to the
upholstery and fabric requirements of the automobile manufacturing unit of Maruti. Over the
years it has grown to become one of the largest domestic players in PVC artificial leather fabrics
used in automotive textiles as well as home furnishings and sportswear. It is focussing on
creating stronger ties with global players to increase its reach and market.
5. KSS Abhishek Safety Systems Pvt. Ltd.: KSS Abhishek Safety System is a joint venture
between Abhishek Auto Industries Limited and Key Safety System Inc. USA and was
incorporated in the year 1985. The first company to introduce Automotive Safety Systems in
India, KSS Abhishek has established itself as a leader in design, development and manufacturing
of Seat belts and other automotive safety critical components like airbags and steering wheels
through innovative technology, lean manufacturing, efficient work force, and excellent product
quality.
6. Century Enka Ltd: Century Enka, a part of B.K. Birla Group of Companies, was established in
the year 1965. The company is into manufacturing of Polyester and Nylon Chips of industrial and
fabric grade, Nylon Industrial Yarn, Nylon Tyre Cord Fabrics and various other products. These
yarns are used as reinforcing material in tyres, conveyor belts, etc. With a sales turnover of Rs.
1370 crore in the year 2014-15, the company has been continuously striving for innovation
through use of modern technology to manufacture high quality products for the customers.
7. Autoliv IFB Pvt. Ltd.: Autoliv IFB is a wholly owned subsidiary of Autoliv Inc. and was
incorporated in the year 2000. It is engaged in developing, manufacturing and supplying
automotive safety systems like airbags, seat belts, active and passive safety systems, etc. Focus
on innovation has been the key success mantra for the company.
8. Takata India Pvt. Ltd.: Takata India, established in the year 2009, is a leading manufacturer
and supplier of automobile safety products like Airbags, Seat Belts and Steering Wheels. The
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company, a joint venture between Takata Corporation and ANAND India, utilizes the capabilities
of both the parent companies to provide a range of products of global standards manufactured
with Japanese expertise. Driven by dedication to saving human lives and to making automobiles
safer, the company constantly innovates to better its products.
9. Krishna Maruti Ltd.: Krishna Maruti Ltd., a division of Krishna Group, provides complete auto
interiors solution to leading automotive companies in India. It is the youngest seating systems
company in the world to receive the prestigious Deming Award in the year 2005. The company
works towards meeting all seating requirements like Seating Systems, Seat Covers, Head
Rest/Arm Rest Assemblies, etc. Focus towards innovation and commitment to providing best in
quality seating systems has been the success mantra for the company.
10. Hitakari Hitech Fibres Pvt. Ltd.: Hitakari Hitech Fibres Pvt. Ltd. was established in the year
1985 as a manufacturer of home-furnishings like carpets, pillows and blankets. Over the years,
the company moved into manufacturing of automotive moulded carpets and gradually it
became a leading manufacturer of automotive moulded carpets in India. The products include
moulded passenger floor carpets, wheel arch moulded carpets, moulded dicky carpets and
many more. The company is ISO 9001: 2000 certified and continuously strives to provide the
best quality products to its customers through its sophisticated in-built quality control
laboratory.
Sportech
exporter of Sports nets. It has also been the largest exporter of sporting nets from India
consistently for last three years. Innovation with high quality and continuous research has been
the key strategy for Garware, like development of higher strength SNG nettings. It has revenue
of Rs. 689 crore in 2012-13, growing at 9% y-o-y, with 50% of it coming through exports.
Garware plans to further strengthen its netting offerings targeting newer markets in Africa.
2. Cosco (India) Ltd.: Started in 1980, Cosco (India) has steadily grown to become a major brand
and supplier of inflatable balls and sporting equipments from India. It has become a key supplier
of inflatable balls and accessories and attachments in the Domestic market, with more than 90%
of its inflatable ball sales in domestic market. In an industry with extensive focus on exports,
Cosco has strategically carved a space for itself by increasingly targeting domestic market.
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3. Freewill Sports Pvt. Ltd.: Started in 1934, it is one of the oldest inflatable ball manufacturers
of India. Over, the years, it has established itself as a renowned player in Indian and exports
market and market its sports balls and sport products under the brand –“Nivia”. With an aim to
provide best in class sporting goods at the right price to the sporting fraternity, Freewill Sports
have continuously kept focus on having updated technology, the right quality and in wide
spread dealer network.
4. Sanspareil Greenland Pvt. Ltd..: SG Pvt. Ltd, is one of the largest cricketing goods
manufacturers of India located at Meerut, with a sales turnover of Rs. 94 crore. It’s focus has
primarily been on exports and most of the manufacturer goods are exported to South Africa,
Europe and Australia. It has a state of the art manufacturing centre and strategizes to become
one of the leading sporting goods manufacturer and exporter in India by using modern day
technologies, extensive export focus and continuous up-skilling.
5. Entrmonde Polycoaters Pvt. Ltd.: Entremonde Polycoaters is a pioneer in technical textile
industry in India with over three decades of manufacturing history. It has grown to be a Rs. 34
crore company by 2012, with strong focus on research and innovation. It mantra to growth has
been continuous innovation and research aimed at developing newer coated technical textile
offerings across diverse industries with a diversified product basket to maximise reach and
minimise risks.
6. Kusumgar Corporates: Kusumgar Corporates in a Rs. 57 crore organisation started in 1970,
with an aim to meet the continuously evolving textile needs. Over years, it has established itself
as a major technical textile manufacturer with presence in many different technical textile
offerings in protech, for sportech, for inductech and geo-synthetics. It has strong presence in
sportech with product offerings that include fabrics for parachutes, sleeping bags and tents.
Strong technical research and innovation coupled with strategic value addition to make the
overall product attractive has been the key mantra for Kusumgar corporate. Started with an aim
to cater defence applications, they have clearly also made a mark in fields like geo-tech and
indutech with their continuous innovation. Going forward Kusumgar aims to capitalise on
growing Indian market by focusing on coated technical textile offerings and exports.
7. Jasch Industries: Jasch Industries is a leading PU and PVC coated textile manufacturer catering
primarily to the Sportech segment. It has been at the forefront of technology up-gradation and
innovation and uses updated PU coating technology in its manufacturing. Along with it,
diversified offerings of PU and PVC catering different segments like Sports Shoe components,
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artificial leather boots, purses has been the strategy of the company to minimize its exposure to
adverse economic environment.
8. Liberty Shoes: Liberty has been one of the largest manufacturers of shoe components in India.
Its main focus has been on sport shoes, and it produces most of the shoe component for
internal usage purpose.
9. Fruedenberg Nonwovens India Pvt. Ltd.: Fruedenberg Nonwovens India is a key supplier of
non woven shoe components like insole, shoe linings and shoe uppers, interlinings and
industrial non woven filter fabrics. Customer value, a culture of innovation, leadership, trust,
respect, responsibility and long-term orientation have been the values helping the organisation
grow into a major on woven supplier with manufacturing located at Chennai and Pune.
Buildtech
1. SRF Limited: SRF Limited is one of the leading technical textile players in the country today
with a turnover of Rs. 1810 crore from technical textile business in 2013-14 growing at 8% over
2012-13. With increasing acceptability and market demand for buildtech products like flex
fabrics, awning, and tent fabrics SRF was quick to identify the opportunity and strategized by
focussing on domestic markets and launch of different high value products to capture the
market like breathable laminated fabrics, coated flex fabrics, newer awnings and tent fabrics. It
has grown to become the largest Indian supplier of flex fabrics and is swiftly capturing market of
laminated fabrics.
2. Gujarat Raffia Industries: Gujarat Raffia Industries Ltd is one of the biggest players of in the
HDPE tarpaulin. Gujarat Raffia has been growing at a steady rate of CAGR 4% on the basis of its
installed capacities and varied product offerings. It has benefitted from the vast and growing
demand for HDPRE tarpaulins for various purposes like truck covers, roof covers, and many
other applications. This has helped it maintain a steady growth and strong presence in the
market.
3. Gujarat Crafts Pvt. Ltd.: Gujarat Crafts is a leading company in tarpaulin manufacturing. It
success mantra has been to consistently and strongly focus on client requirements, catering to
the export demands from Caribbean, East/Middle Africa, North Africa, South/West Africa, East
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Europe, East Asia, Central America, North Europe, Middle East and South America with
customised and specialised solutions as per the required specifications, colour and sizes.
4. Mehler Texologies Ltd.: Mehler Texologies is German based company in India catering to the
new and upcoming market of permanent architectural membranes. High quality and appealing
and aesthetic designing has been the fore front of the organisation, which caters mainly to the
permanent architectural membrane requirements.
5. System India Pvt. Ltd.: It is an upcoming player in the awnings market that has identified the
vast business opportunity is the market where in a growing number of requirements can be
fulfilled with awning solutions. It has been working on providing end to end solution from
awning manufacturing to set-up and expects the industry to grow many folds in the coming
future.
6. Netlon India Pvt. Limited (Tuflex India): Started in 1985, Netlon is a division of Parry
Enterprises India Ltd. Manufacturing scaffolding nets and knitted fabric. It is a part of the
Murrugappa Group. It is a key manufacturer of polymer fishing nets and markets its under the
brand name “Tuflex”. It has developed itself into a key manufacturer and a strong brand by
focussing on using the best international technology and machinery, high quality standards,
strong market oriented approach and continuous innovation. The company had a sales turn-
over of Rs. 145 crore in 2012-13. It aims at growing in a positive way despite a decline in sales in
2012-13, due to its continuous efforts towards technology up-gradation, new product
development, increasing operational efficiencies and increasing customer centricity.
7. Rishi Tech Tex Limited: Started in 1984, as a HDPE/PP sack manufacturer, it soon diversified
into manufacturing of agro-nettings. It is a leading manufacturer of scaffolding nets and
protection nets for agro-purposes in India, having achieved the feat of supplying more than 30
million metres of shade nets and scaffolding nets till date. It aims at providing high quality and
cost effective solutions in buildtech. It had a sales turnover of Rs. 36 crore in 2012-13.
9. Bharat textiles & Proofing Industries Ltd. (BTPIL): Started in 1972, BTPIL is one of the
industry leaders in manufacturing of canvas tarpaulins in India. Acquisition of state of the art
machinery to have a modern up-to-date manufacturing and management systems to increase
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efficiency along with strategic diversification into a wide range of products involving heavy duty
fabrics for specialised industrial and commercial uses has been its success mantra.
10. Mafatlal Gujarat Industries: Started in 1993, Mafatlal has been engaged in a exporting a wide
variety of technical textiles ranging from coated fabrics to tarpaulins and FR retardant fabrics.
Focus on quality, a skilled team and a modern manufacturing facility are the key selling points.
This coupled with a strong after sale support and quality assurance along with client satisfaction
is the success driver for the company.
Packtech
1. Gujarat Raffia Industries: Gujarat Raffia Industries Ltd is one of the biggest players of in the
Packtech particularly HDPE/PP woven sacks/bags. Gujarat Raffia has been growing at a steady
rate of CAGR 4% on the basis of its installed capacities and varied product offerings and strategic
in targeting the key user industry of fertilizers and food grains aggressively.
2. Gujarat Crafts Pvt. Ltd.: Gujarat crafts is a leading company in diversified packtech products
manufacturing. It success mantra has been to consistently and strongly focus on client
requirements, catering to the export demands from Caribbean, East/Middle Africa, North Africa,
South/West Africa, East Europe, East Asia, Central America, North Europe, Middle East and
South America with customised and specialised solutions as per the required specifications,
colour and sizes.
3. Flexituff International Ltd.: It is one of the largest FIBC suppliers in the country. The company
is a major exporter of FIBC and woven products from India and has received the Top Exporter
Award from the PLEXCOUNCIL, Ministry of Commerce from 2005-06 to 2010-11. As a strategy,
to augment and retain its export competency, the company focuses on improving existing
technologies and product engineering innovation through continuous expenditure on R&D and
importing updated technologies.
4. Cheviot Company Ltd.: Cheviot is a leading Jute hessian sack and Jute packtech product
manufacturer in India. It strategizes at offering the low value added Jute Hessian and sacks to
the export market along with conversion of jute into high value added products like Jute bags
for the domestic market.
5. Gopala Polyplast Ltd.: Started in 1984, it is a major manufacturer of woven fabrics for
packaging and PP woven sacks. The company has undergone several modernisations. Through
its diversification and modernization strategy, the company is trying to enter a niche market
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with premium, higher margin products along with its existing product line. It is focussed on
continuously identifying the high growth products, like BOPP bags and makes a presence there.
6. Shri Jagdamba Polymers Ltd: It is an Ahmedabad based packaging solutions manufacturers
with presence in PP woven bags and fabrics, FIBC, Box bas and geotextiles. The company has
latest technology machines to produce the best quality of product and provide complete
solutions in woven polypropylene market. It strategizes at providing 100% customised products,
focussing on both domestic and export market.
7. Jumbo Bags Ltd: Started in 1990, as part of the Bliss Group, it is one of the largest
manufacturers of FIBC bags in India. Focussing on only manufacturing of different types of FIBC
bags, the company has established vertically integrated manufacturing facilities that match
economies of scale with an efficient capital structure that enable cost competitive products,
along with integration of R&D to offer superior and innovative FIBC solutions.
8. Neo Corp Ltd.: Neo Corp India Ltd, started as a woven sack manufacturer in 1988. In over two
decades, it has grown to become a key sack manufacturer and also diversified into related
agrotech products making woven ground covers, vermibeds, mulch films and agro nets. It grew
with a focus on export and enjoys a star export house status since 1994. It strategized to
become "One shop for all woven packaging needs", investing in future and backward integration
and developing itself as a multi location and multi market serving organisation. It had a turnover
of Rs. 430 crore in 2012-13 growing from Rs. 289 crore in 2011-12. With strong focus on
exporting and target on the select segment of woven technical textile products, the company is
expected to have a steady growth in coming future.
10. Ahlstrom Fibercomposites India Pvt. Ltd.: Ahlstrom Fibrecomposite started in 2007 at
Mudra. It is a leading manufacturer and supplier of non woven tea-bags. A state of the art
manufacturing with high tech SMMMS non-woven line to cater to all high value added and
technical requirements. It has put in strong focus on superior quality and technology along with
economies of scale and primarily targets the export market.
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Hometech
1. Reliance Industries: Reliance Industries is one of the top industrial and business houses in
India. Over the years, become the single largest supplier of fibre fill in Indian domestic industry
catering to over 50% of the market. The company besides catering to fibre fill demand has also
developed its own line of business of mattresses and pillows branding its fibrefill as Recron. To
crease higher value, it provides exclusive finishes like anti microbial finish to its recron offerings.
It has also diversified into other technical textile sectors of high tenacity polyester and industrial
ropes and agro based nettings of polypropylene.
2. Hanung Toys & Textiles Ltd.: Hanung toys and textiles is the pioneer of soft toy
manufacturing in India, with a legacy of more than 30 years. The company has a turnover of Rs.
180 crore and is the largest soft toy exporter form India. It strategically focussed on targeting
the export market as the domestic market faced stiff competition from cheap Chinese imports.
Strong vertical integration, stringent quality check and focus on product innovation and
designing, Hanung Toys have been steadily grown to become the largest exporter and organised
domestic player of soft toys in India.
3. Ginni Industries: Ginni Industries have been a pioneer of non woven manufacturing in India,
starting their non woven operations in 1990. It has become a key player in non woven rolled
good manufacturing and is strategically moving into private label and value added non woven
domestic and medical wipe manufacturing. Along with developing a strong clientele for its non
woven fabric, the company started to diversify into more value added technical textiles of non
woven home and medical wipes. It is also developing offerings for medical textiles and is setting
up a plant for medical textile manufacturing at Haridwar.
4. Khosla Profil Ltd.: Khosla Profil, started in 1979, has over years emerged as a key
manufacturer of filter fabrics for usage in home ACs and ACUs as well as industrial usage. The
company focuses on manufacturing industrial fabrics with excellent quality and specification as
per International Standards. Modern up to date technology, superior quality, adherence to
International standards and reliability of both product and timeliness of delivery has been the
success mantra for Khosla Profil.
5. Chiripal Group of companies: Chiripal a well reckoned name in the Indian textile industry
diversified its existing textile business into the technical textile segment of flock fabric
manufacturing in 2001. Since then it has grown to become a major supplier of flock and velvet
fabric with three dedicated flock lines imported from Germany and Taiwan.
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6. Mayur Uniqouters: Mayur Uniqouters was established in 1980s with an aim to cater to the
upholstery and fabric requirements of the automobile manufacturing unit of Maruti. Over the
years it has grown to become one of the largest domestic players in PVC artificial leather fabrics
used in automotive textiles as well as home furnishings and sportswear. It is focussing on
creating stronger ties with global players to increase its reach and market.
7. Dinesh Mills: Dinesh Mills a well known suitings and traditional textile manufacturer diversified
into technical textiles segment of Indutech and Hometech by manufacturing industrial filter
fabrics for HVACs and industrial uses. It has been in the industry since 1964, and over years has
established itself with a market share of around 40% in the sub-continent. The strategy of the
company has been towards having updated and latest technology by incorporating newer
machineries from across the globe, as well as strong customer centric approached focus on
complete customer satisfaction.
8. Hunter Douglas Window Fashions: It is part of Hunter Douglas India Pvt. Ltd. Started in 1995,
as a subsidiary of Hunter Douglas Group. It has strong presence in the blind and sunscreen
segment, with a turnover of Rs. 64 crore in 2011-12. It has two plants located in Silvasa, Chennai
and was further planning expansion. Its success mantra has been a strong focus on marketing
and branding has close to 40 dealers well spread across both metro and tier I and Tier II cities
across India, offering complete window solutions.
9. Alps Industries: It is a highly diversified textile based organisation with presence in yarn, home
textiles, fabrics, ready-mades and technical textiles. It diversified into technical textile by
offering blind fabrics and upholstery fabrics for automotives. While it is a key player in blind
fabric market, it is also establishing itself in providing value added end product solution of
window blinds under the brand of “Vista”.
10. Pals Plush: Founded in 1996, Pals Plush is one of the leading organised stuff toy manufacturing
company in India. It has presence in both India and China and has strategically placed itself in
Indian markets driving its competitiveness by coupling Indian skilled labour with modern and up
to date Chinese technology. It has a strong supply chain with China and utilises the designing
and trend analysis of Indian and China to identify the key designs to target. These factors have
helped the company make a mark for itself in the stuff toys market.
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Clothtech
1. Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn Ltd.: The textile conglomerate Shri lakshmi Cotsyn integrated its textile
operations. The company moved into clothtech technical textile with an aim to reduce its
garment component procurement risk and has established itself as a major interlining
manufacturer with annual capacity of 25 million metres.
company is a key supplier of non-woven interlinings. Strategic focus on core industry of non-
woven, constant investment in various growth platforms and continuous promotion of a culture
of innovation has been the success mantra for Supreme Non-wovens. This coupled with
strategically selected locations and clientele which is located at geographic proximity and a state
of the art infrastructure has been the driving the business.
3. Ruby Mills Ltd: Ruby Mills was incorporated in the year 1917 as a Composite Textile Mill
manufacturing cottons. It strategized to diversify in the upcoming sector of technical textiles and
hence moved into manufacturing Micro Dot Fusible Interlining and Basic Interlining, in technical
collaboration with Gygli Textil AG, Switzerland in the year 1996. The company is a trend-setter in
the textile industry due to consistent quality and research used in the manufacturing of the
product. The company has a sales turnover of Rs. 246 crore. Strong R&D focus and continuous
efforts to create value for the customer by providing accessibility to a wider range of products at
competitive prices has been the success mantra for the company.
4. Avery Dennison India Ltd.: Avery Dennison India Ltd. is a leader in labelling and packaging
materials and solutions. It has been at the forefront of clothtech labels manufacturing in India.
Channelized approach towards achieving economies of scale, focus on R&D, product innovation
and strong branding and marketing focus along with up to date manufacturing technology setup
has been the key drivers for growth the company. The company had a sales turnover of Rs. 894
crore in the year 2012-13.
5. Bombay Dyeing: Bombay Dyeing began its operations in the year 1879 as a small operation of
Indian spun cotton yarn. Over the years, the company has grown to one of the most respected
and trusted brands in the country. Envisaging an opportunity in technical textiles, the company
decided to diversify into manufacturing of Interlining. Delivering the best quality products at an
outstanding value for money has been the motto for the organization. In the year 2012-13, the
company had a sales turnover of Rs. 2375 crore. Bombay Dyeing has always been at the
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forefront of launching innovative products and setting new trends and plans to start various
new product categories.
6. YKK India: YKK India Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated in the year 1995 for the manufacturing of
metallic and non-metallic zippers. Manufactured to rigorous quality-control standards within a
vertically integrated production system, YKK has been a market leader globally. YKK India caters
to the large and spread out Indian market of Garments, Footwear, and Luggage, Leather
garments, bags and home furnishing. Growth through taking new challenges, product appeal
and proposals supported by technology are the three keys to success for the company. Sales
turnover for YKK was Rs. 320 crore in the year 2011-12.
7. Sky Industries: Sky Industries Ltd., subsidiary of SK Group of Companies, was established in the
year 1989. The company has evolved over the years from being one of the smallest players to
owning the highest market share. With a sales turnover of Rs. 63 crore in the year 2012-13, the
company is the largest manufacturer of all kinds of elastics and other narrow fabrics in technical
textiles industry. Sky Industries has gained reputation not only in domestic market but also in
international market through exporting high quality products to countries like US, Canada and
Europe. Focus on R&D, product innovation along with up to date manufacturing technology
setup are the key growth driver for the company.
8. Spica Industries Ltd. : Spica Industries Ltd. has established itself as the leading manufacturer
of quality Elastic Narrow Fabrics in India. Continuous modernization, along with a strong
technical workforce and advanced research facilities allow the organization to provide best-in
class products to its customers. It had a sales turnover of Rs. 73 crore in 2011-12. From
international presence, to strong R&D and turnaround times are the major factors leading to
growth of the company in technical textile industry. It strategically moved out of the hook and
loop fastener business and focussed on the more lucrative elastic fabric business in 2012.
9. Siddharth Filaments: Siddharth Filaments was established in the year 1994. The company is
engaged in manufacturing, supplying and exporting a significant range of Hook & Loop fasteners
in technical textiles industry. With a sales turnover of Rs. 3.72 crore, the company has an
experienced R&D department along with large production capacity. Focus on producing high
quality products and providing customized solutions to the customers are the key growth
drivers. The company exports around 60-80% of their products to countries in North Europe,
South America and South/West Europe.
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10. Vardhman Yarn and Threads Ltd. : Vardhman Yarns and Threads Ltd. , established in the
year 1982, is a joint venture between Vardhman Textile Ltd. and American & Efird LLC, US.
Vardhman is one of the world’s foremost manufacturers of industrial sewing thread under
technical textile industry. This strategic joint venture leverages the strength of both the parent
companies to expand thread sales in India, which forms the success mantra for the company.
Vardhman had a sales turnover of Rs. 464 crore in the year 2011-12. Vardhman aims to be the
biggest textile organization in the world by providing its customers a diverse range of innovative
and achieving excellence in manufacturing.
Protech
1. Rajasthan Spinning & Weaving Mills: Rajasthan Spinning & weaving mills have been on the
fore front of fire retardant fabric solutions in India. It has had a well known presence in the
industry and focuses on catering to Institutional sales, which are the key consumers of the
product. It strategized in offering high quality Inherent and coated fire retardant solutions with
Indian Railways as its major clientele for the product.
2. Jayashree Textiles: Jayashree textile a division of Aditya Birla Group is another significant
player in the fire retardant fabric market in India with offering of acrylic and mod-acrylic based
inherent fire retardant fabrics. It has been focussing on continuous innovation and high quality
offering in the industry through R&D and technology acquisition.
3. Entrmonde Polycoaters Pvt. Ltd.: Entremonde Polycoaters is a pioneer in technical textile
industry in India with over three decades of manufacturing history. It has grown to be a Rs. 34
crore company by 2012, with strong focus on research and innovation. It mantra to growth has
been continuous innovation and research aimed at developing newer coated technical textile
offerings for protective technical textiles like breathable fabrics for High altitude clothing, fabrics
for NBC clothings, etc.
4. Kusumgar Corporates: Kusumgar Corporates in a Rs. 57 crore organisation started in 1970,
with an aim to meet the continuously evolving textile needs. Over years, it has established itself
as a major technical textile manufacturer with presence in many different Protective technical
textile products like fabrics for protective jackets, high altitude clothing, NBC, rain coats and
other protective wears. Strong technical research and innovation coupled with strategic value
addition to make the overall product attractive has been the key mantra for Kusumgar
corporate. Going forward Kusumgar aims to capitalise on growing Indian market by focusing on
coated technical textile offerings and exports
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5. Arvind Advanced materials: Arvind Limited started its technical textile division in late 2000.
Arvind’s growth strategy for technical textiles has largely been rapid expansion and
diversification using global partnerships and strategic alliances. It has strategically selected areas
that have widespread application across industry to expand its technical textile business. While
the JV with PD fibreglass and OG Corporation are still in a nascent stage it has provided a very
comfortable platform for Arvind to foray further into technical textiles. Arvind has invested over
Rs. 50 crore in each of the Joint ventures to develop this strong presence in technical textiles
6. Alok Industries Ltd.: It started its technical textile operations in 2009, with offerings like anti
microbial finishes, anti static finishes, etc. It strategized to offer not only intermediate finished
fabrics but also high value added end products and soon thereafter started its industrial work
wear division targeting specifically technical textile requirements like fire retardant fabrics and
garments, oil and mosquito repellent offerings, anti microbial and high visibility offerings. High
value added offerings to a diversified customer base involving many different industries across
both domestic and export market has been the key strategy for the company.
7. Malcolm Industries.: It is a well known name in the protective technical textile industry since
1983, with offerings ranging from industrial gloves to industrial work wear and safety shoes.
With a focussed approach to target only the industrial protective work wear segment, it has
strategically offers the integrated coated personnel protective equipment offering to both
domestic and export market.
8. Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn Defence: The textile conglomerate Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn diversified into
offering protective technical textiles in 2003, by starting Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn Defence aimed at
offering technical and security related protech fabrics indigenously. It is involved in
manufacturing of bullet proof jackets, high altitude clothing, NBC and fire retardant suits and
well as tentage fabrics. It has strategically targeted the institutional consumption of Indian
armed forces and tactically designed its offerings to cater to all the technical fabric requirement
of the armed forces.
9. TATA Advanced Materials Limited: TAML is one of the oldest players in the protech segment
offering Bullet proof jackets. Over years, it has diversified into high value addition products like
composite manufacturing and component manufacturing of defence systems. It aims to grow by
continuously maintaining its presence in bullet proof offerings while expanding its presence in
other less competitive and high value adding composite offerings for defence industry.
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10. MKU India Pvt. Ltd.: it has a legacy of more than 25 years in protective offerings catering both
domestic and export markets. It has a strong presence in ballistic jackets and ballistic protection
equipments. Its strategy has been continuous and focussed institutional sales along with high
quality and continuously evolving and updated ballistic protection offerings.
Geotech & Oekotech

1. SKAPS Industries (India) Pvt. Ltd.: A pioneer and a leading player in geo-synthetics and geo-
textiles, SKAPS has been working in Indian geotextile sector since 2005, and has established
itself as a major exporter of geotextiles from India with a sales of Rs. 198 crore in 2012-13. A
strong focus on developing quality products with value addition in terms of development of
PVDs and exclusive targeting of export market has been the driving SKAPS’ success.
2. Flexituff International Ltd.: It is one of the largest FIBC suppliers in the country, who
strategically diversified to the geotech manufacturing on account of growing export potential.
The company is a key exporter of FIBC and geotextile products from India and has received the
Top Exporter Award from the PLEXCOUNCIL, Ministry of Commerce from 2005-06 to 2010-11. As
a strategy, to augment and retain its export competency, the company focuses on improving
existing technologies and product engineering innovation through continuous expenditure on
R&D and importing updated technologies.
3. Shri Jagdamba Polymers Ltd: It is an Ahmedabad based packaging solutions manufacturers
with presence in PP woven bags and fabrics, FIBC, Box bas and geotextiles. The company has
latest technology machines to produce the best quality of product and provide complete
solutions in woven polypropylene market. It strategizes at providing 100% customised products,
focussing on both domestic and export market.
4. Terram Geosynthetics Pvt. Ltd.: A renowned name in geosynthetics and geotextiles Terram
started in Ahmedabad as an EOU and has grown with a focussed approach towards export
marketing and non woven geotextile manufacturing to a Revenue of Rs. 20 crore in 2012-13,
from geotextiles.
5. Techfab India Pvt. Ltd.: Founded in 2003, with an aim to provide world class geosynthetic
products and consulting services in geosynthetics, Techfab has diversified into a host of products
within the geotextiles segment with focus on high value adding products like re-inforced non
woven composites, PVDs, Geogrids, Geo bags and geotubes along with the traditional geotextile
fabrics. A channelized approach of focus on higher value addition products along with providing
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complete solution from product sale to consulting of implementation of geotextiles has been
the success mantra for Techfab.
6. Meccaferri Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: A global pioneer in geotextiles and
geosynthetics, Mecaferri started in India in 1998, with focus on geosynthetic and infrastructure
product manufacturing in Pune. A holistic approach of providing customise geotextile solutions
involving additional efforts on designing and long term environmental sustainability of the
products has been the selling factor for the company, which has associated itself with many high
credential projects and clients like J&K Flood Control, NHAI, Kolkata Port Trust, Water resource
Department, etc.
7. Garware Wall ropes: It started in 1976, as a polymer cordage manufacturer, Garware also
diversified into geotextile woven fabrics and gabions. Innovation with high quality and
continuous research has been the key strategy for Garware.
8. Strata Geosystems (India) Pvt. Ltd.: A subsidiary of the globally known Strate Geosystems,
the company is a leading geotextile solution provider for soil re-inforcement. It is present mainly
in geogrid manufacturing and is the leading exporter of geogrids from India. A customer centric
approach, with focus on high quality, environmental sustainability and innovation for reusability
has been the key selling factors for Strata’s success.
segments of the technical textiles. Backed by a skilled team and a focus on higher quality at
success.
Indutech
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manufacturer and exporter of ropes and cordages. Innovation with high quality and continuous
research has been the key strategy for Garware, like development of higher strength SNG
nettings. It has revenue of Rs. 689 crore in 2012-13, growing at 9% y-o-y, with 50% of it coming
through exports. Garware plans to further strengthen its netting offerings targeting newer
markets in Africa.
2. Dinesh Mills: Dinesh Mills a well known suitings and traditional textile manufacturer diversified
into technical textiles segment of Indutech offering filter fabrics and paper making fabrics. It has
been in the industry since 1964, and over years has established itself with a market share of
around 40% in the sub-continent. The strategy of the company has been towards having
updated and latest technology by incorporating newer machineries from across the globe, as
well as strong customer centric approached focus on complete customer satisfaction.
3. Khosla Profil Ltd.: Khosla Profil, started in 1979, has over years emerged as a key
manufacturer of industrial filter fabrics. The company focuses on manufacturing industrial
fabrics with excellent quality and specification as per International Standards. Modern up to
date technology, superior quality, adherence to International standards and reliability of both
product and timeliness of delivery has been the success mantra for Khosla Profil.
4. SRF Limited: SRF Limited is one of the leading technical textile players in the country today
with a turnover of Rs. 1810 crore from technical textile business in 2013-14 growing at 8% over
2012-13. It has been on the fore front of nylon and polyester tyre cord manufacturing. However,
with slowing demand, it was quick to re-strategise and identify key areas for focus. It is now a
leading manufacturer of belting fabrics and industrial yarns. Continuous approach towards new
and innovative product development has been the mantra for the company.
5. Owens Corning India Pvt. Ltd: Owens Corning is the market leader in glass composite and
glass fibre offerings in India catering Indian market since 1998. It initially focussed on having an
organic growth by developing state of the art manufacturing unit for advanced composite
solutions and has three operational plants in India. It now focuses on expanding its presence to
Joint Ventures and strategic alliances and is actively looking for it.
6. Sanhrea Technical Textiles: Started in 1997, as a convertor of belting fabrics, Sahnrea
Technical textiles Ltd., soon strategized to integrate its technical textile operations for belting
fabric manufacturing. It currently stands as one of the most reputed dipped and belting fabric
manufacturer in India having a capacity of 160 MT with the finest and modern machinery for
technical textiles installed in its premises.
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7. Carborundum Universal Ltd. (CUMI): Founded in 1954, as a collaboration of Murrugappa

Group, Carborundun CO., USA & Universal Grinding Wheels, UK, the company pioneered in
manufacture of Coated Abrasives, Bonded Abrasives, and Nonwoven. It has an offering of over
20,000 products today, attaining a reputed position in coated abrasives market of inductech.
Strong focus on quality and innovation coupled with a state of the art modern manufacturing
facility and strategic alliances wt global partners has given CUMi the necessary competitive edge
in the market.
company is a key supplier of non-woven filtration fabrics for dry and wet applications. Strategic
focus on core industry of non-woven, constant investment in various growth platforms and
continuous promotion of a culture of innovation has been the success mantra for Supreme Non-
wovens. This coupled with strategically selected locations and clientele which is located at
geographic proximity and a state of the art infrastructure has been the driving the business.
9. Fruedenberg nonwovens India Pvt. Ltd.: Fruedenberg Nonwovens India is a key supplier of
non woven shoe industrial filter fabrics. Customer value, a culture of innovation, leadership,
trust, respect, responsibility and long-term orientation have been the values helping the
organisation grow into a major on woven supplier with manufacturing located at Chennai and
Pune.
segments of the technical textiles. Backed by a skilled team, and a focus on higher quality at
success.
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Part C. Segment wise Information on Technical

Textiles in India
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1. Agrotech
Agrotech includes technical textile products used in agriculture, horticulture (incl. Floriculture), fisheries,
animal husbandry and forestry.
List of Products
The key technical textile products under the segment are as under:
 Shade-nets
 Mulch-mats
 Crop-covers
 Anti-hail nets and bird protection nets
 Fishing nets
 Other Nettings for agriculture
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Market size and trends

The total market size of Agrotech is estimated to be Rs. 826 Crore. Close to 97% of the entire market is
being catered by domestic supply. The market is driven by domestic consumption with exports market
contributing 23% to the total market, with a major product being exported is fishing net. Product wise
market size estimate has been shown in Exhibit 38. The domestic market is expected to grow to Rs. 881
crore by 2015-16 while the exports are expected to reach Rs. 310 crore by 2015-16 and to Rs. 1,614
crore by 2017-18. Overall the market is expected to grow at 12%.
Exhibit 38: Market summary of Agrotech
Agrotech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Producti Impo Export Domes Exp Dom Exp Domest

Total
on rt s tic ort estic ort ic
Shade Value (in

145 - 11 134 145 12 167 13 261
nets Rs. Crore)
(including
plant nets) Volume
5,783 - 440 5,343 5,783 462 6,679 509 10,436
(in MT)
Value (in
14 - - 14 14 - 17 - 22
Mulch Rs. Crore)
Mats
Volume
692 - - 692 692 - 796 - 1,053
(in MT)
Value (in
2 - 2 0 2 2 0 3 0.5
Crop Rs. Crore)
covers
Volume
171 - 148 23 171 170 27 225 36
(in MT)
Value (in
Anti Hail & 11 0 0 11 11 0 14 0.2 21
Rs. Crore)
Anti Bird
nets
Volume
333 1 4 330 334 4 412 5 644
(in MT)
Fishing
nets Value (in 638 16 170 484 654 204 513 294 576
(including Rs. Crore)
other agro
nets) Volume 8,3
5,8 14,65
(in MT) 18,229 457 4,857 13,829 18,686 93 16,470
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Agrotech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Producti Impo Export Domes Exp Dom Exp Domest

Total
on rt s tic ort estic ort ic
29 8
Value (in
218 711
Total Rs. Crore) 810 16 183 643 826 310 881
*Source: Annual reports, websites, secondary reports, ITTA, IMaCS analysis P=Provisional
*Total market size is calculated as imports +domestic production
Fishing net is the largest product in the segment having 79% share in the market size of the segment.
Shade-net is the other key product of the segment. Rest of the products have relatively much smaller
share of less than 2% of the market. The product wise market share is as shown in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 39: Product wise market share under Agrotech
Market size
(in Rs.826 Crore)
Mulch Mats
2%
Shade nets Crop covers
18% 0%
Anti Hail &
Anti Bird nets
Fishing nets 1%
79%
Key players
Key players manufacturing agro textiles in India are as under:
 Garware Wall Ropes Ltd.

 Rishi TechTex Ltd.
 Netlon India Ltd.
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 Neo Corp Ltd.

 CTM Agro textiles Ltd. – an ISO 9001:2008 certified company
 Safeflux Pvt. Ltd.
 B & V Agro and Irrigation Co. Pvt. Ltd.
 Flora Agrotech Pvt. Ltd., Valsad
The profitability and capital employed by the key player can be seen in the exhibit as under
Exhibit 40: Profitability of key players - Agrotech
Capital Employed Net Profit Margin

(in Rs. lakh) (in %)
Company Name 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12
Garware Wall Ropes Ltd. 31404 31484 4% 4%
Rishi TechTex Ltd. 1514 1542 -267% 3%
Parryware Enterprises India Ltd. 4249 5477 -6% -2%
Neo Corp Ltd. 38717 33077 4% 6%
CTM Agro textiles Ltd. 674 542 1% 0%
Fiberweb India Ltd. 7685 7697 -2% 6%
Source: Annual reports of companies
The detailed analysis of each product of the segment is done in the subsequent sections.
High potential products

In Agrotech segment, there are ten different products, most of which are netting products. While a
majority of them have a very small market in India, Shade nets is one product that has shown
considerable growth during the last five years. Also with the focussed effort to promote use of agro
textiles through various schemes of National horticultural Mission and National Horticultural Board, the
demand for shade nets are expected to grow at 25% per annum during the next three to five years.
Given the fact that, raw material for these nettings is easily available in India, shade net is a high
potential product, which should be focussed on by new entrepreneurs and investors.
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Shade Nets
Shade nets have widespread applications in floriculture (roses, orchids, etc), horticulture (Cabbage,
pepper, Grapes etc), vanilla cultivation, tea plantations, drying of agri-products, cattle-sheds, parking
lots, swimming pools, etc. The shade nets provide protection to the plants from wind, extreme weather
conditions and reduce water evaporation.
India with more than 32 MT of fruits and 66 MT of vegetables is the second largest producer of fruits
and vegetables. India is the second largest producer of flowers after China with about 1,15,921 hectares
of area under floriculture. India has adopted some of the newer techniques for agriculture, but modern
techniques involving the use of polymers are still lagging behind. In comparison, China's agricultural
sector uses modern techniques and consumes products like shade nets extensively. Hence, the potential
of the shade-nets market in India is huge, in comparison with its existing usage.
Product characteristics
Shade nets are generally made of Polypropylene or HDPE in knitted or woven form. Shade-nets are
tough, durable, tear resistant and light weight. The standard sizes of nets available are 2, 3, 4 & 8 metres
in width and 25, 50 and 100 metres in length. The most common dimensions of these nets are 3 m
(width) by 50 m (length) with GSM of 120 to 180. The shade nets are generally Green or Black in colour.
The shade percentage, which indicates the degree of shade provided by the shade-nets, varies from 25
percent to 90 percent. The shade percentage depends upon the application / plants under cultivation.
Exhibit 41: Usage pattern of shade net
Recommended
Type of Crop shading by
manufacturers
Roses, Strawberries, Gooseberries, Tomatoes,
25%
Cucumber and fruit bearing plant
general Pot and foliage plants and Cut greens,
50%
Orchids, Anthuriums, Ginger,
Indoor plants, certain Orchids, plantation
75%
crops, Tea, Coffee, Cardamom
Cattle sheds, Poultry houses, and vehicular
95%
shades
Source: Industry survey
Key application areas of shade-nets

The key application areas of shade nets are:
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 Agricultural applications – horticulture and floriculture plantations, grape cultivation, orchid

plantations, tea plantations, nurseries, as a net along with green houses
 Non-agricultural applications – swimming pool coverage, parking lots, etc
The demand for shade nets largely depends upon the usage in floriculture and horticulture. The
increasing awareness of the benefits of using shade nets and assistance from schemes of National
Horticulture Mission (NHM) are making a significant impact on the demand.
The demand for shade nets for grapes cultivation is slowing down as farmers are increasingly using
paper instead of shade nets. The papers help to protect the plants from cold climate apart from
providing the functionality of shading. However, the inspection of plants for any disease becomes
difficult in case of paper usage.
The tea garden nurseries hold a lot of potential for shade-nets. The shade nets usage in the tea gardens
nurseries is derived from the number of tea gardens going for re-plantation. Since the re-plantation of
tea gardens is fairly minimal in India, shade nets usage is not significant in tea gardens.
The demand for shade nets is also increasing in non-agricultural applications like parking lots, garden
fences, etc.
Plant nets
Plant nets are nettings of PP or HDPE very similar to shade nets which are used to cover plants
preventing them from birds, insects and animals.
National Horticulture Mission subsidy norms

National Horticulture Mission (NHM) provides subsidy to farmers for using shade net up to an extent of
Rs. 710 per sq m limited to a maximum of 50% of the cost and for a maximum land area of 4000 sq. ft
area per beneficiary for tubular shade net in plain terrain and Rs. 816 per sq. m for hilly terrain. The
details of subsidy for other types of shade nets are listed as under:
Exhibit 42: NHM subsidy for shade nets
Shade net type Cost norm Limitations
Tubular structure Rs. 710/Sqm 50% of cost limited to 4000 sq.m. per beneficiary
Rs. 816/Sqm for hilly areas
Wooden structure Rs. 492/Sqm 50% of cost limited to 20 units per beneficiary
Rs. 566/Sqm for hilly areas (each unit not to exceed 200 sq.m)
Bamboo structure Rs.360/Sqm 50% of cost limited to 20 units per beneficiary
Rs.414/Sqm for hilly areas (each unit not to exceed 200 sq.m)
Source: NHM website
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Market size and trade trends

Subsidy under National Horticulture Mission (NHM) is the biggest driver for the market of shade nets.
Currently NHM is offering a subsidy of up to 50% of the cost of shade nets limited to a maximum of 2
hectare per beneficiary. The usage of shade nets through NHM accounts for close to 80% of the usage of
shade nets in India. This figure has been continuously growing at over 20%. In 2012-13 as per NHM
reports, a total of 1415 Hectares of area was cultivated under shade-nets in India as against a target of
1322 hectares, indicating that more and more farmers are now opting for shade nets.
Market size estimate

The domestic market for shade nets and plant nets in India is estimated to be of 4,343 MT amounting to
Rs. 134 Crore priced at an average of Rs. 30 per sq metre of area. In addition to this India has been
exporting shade nets to a tune of about 440 MT amounting to Rs. 11 Crore in 2012-13. The total market
size of shade nets has been shown in the table as under:
Exhibit 43: Market size estimate for shade net
2012-13
Quantity (in MT) 5,783
Value (in Rs. Crore) 145
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources, NHM reports 2012-13
The market has grown by 30% over last 5 years. The domestic market has been key driver for the
industry growing at 36% while the exports have declined during the last five years. The total area for use
of shade nets has also increased as compared to what it was in 2007-08.
Key growth drivers and Inhibitors

The market would mainly be driven by purchases via National Horticulture Mission subsidies. The focus
of the NHB on development of horticultural crops in India has been a major driver for the industry and
would continue to grow the industry. However, the lack of awareness about the benefits of shade-nets
in most of the rural regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and interior
Maharashtra which are major cultivators of horticulture crops, vegetables and cash crops in India, has
acted as a major hindrance in wide spread acceptability of the product. The market of shade nets sees
high potential growth with more farmers opting for commercial farming and growth of large plantations.
The domestic market ies expected to grow at 25% in next three years on account of aggressive
promotion through NHM and NHB subsidies. The export market is expected to grow at 5% p.a.
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Key Manufacturers
Shade nets are mostly manufactured by netting manufacturers in India. As shade net in itself is not a
very big business in India, many players are also in to production of other net products like hail nets,
fishing net and sports nets. Key manufacturers of shade nets are:
 Neo Corp India Limited
 Netlon India Limited
 Garware Wall Ropes Limited
 Rishi Techtex Limited
Import export scenario

India is a net exporter of shade nets with exports of Rs. 11.14 Crore. In 2012-13, majority of export of
shade net was done under the HS code 39269099. Other key HS codes for export were 39262099,
58061800, 6059000 and 94060011. The growing demand of shade nets in India which has grown by 30%
each year over the last 5 years has been a major factor for declining exports. On the other hand, an
import of shade net is negligible at just Rs. 8 lakh in 2012-13. The details of HS codes under which the
exports have been done can be seen as under:
Exhibit 44: Export of shade nets from India
HS Code family HS code description HS codes Export Value(E)
(2012-13)
(in Rs. Crore)
3926 Articles of Polypropylene, plastic, 39269099
N.E.S
5608 Made up nettings of nylon 56081110
Other knotted netting of twine,
Rs. 11.1 Crore
cordage or rope of man-made 56081900
textile materials
9406 Green houses- in ready to assemble 94060011
sets
*source: IMaCS analysis, DGCIS, DGFT
The trend for exports is shown as under:
131
Exhibit 45: Import export trend for shade nets
Exports
20 17.5
15
in Rs. crore
11
10
0
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
The key countries where shade nets are being exported to are:
1. UAE – 54%
2. Kenya – 24%
3. Saudi Arabia – 7%
4. Oman – 4%
5. Guatemala – 4%
Machinery details
Existing HDPE Woven sack processors can manufacture HDPE Agri-shade nets on the same tape extruder
with an additional investment in knitting machines. Thus increasing the product mix leading to higher
capacity utilization of the machinery would bring in a higher net profitability.
The Rachel knitting machines used for manufacturing shade-nets are mostly imported. GCL India Pvt. ltd
(Bangalore) is one of the local manufacturers of Rachel knitting machines. The key Rachel knitting
machinery manufacturers in the world are Karl Mayer (Germany), LIBA Maschinenfabrik GmbH
(Germany) and Bruckner Technology Holding GmbH (Germany).
The Indian associates / suppliers for these machinery manufacturers are:
 ATE engineering (Bombay) for Karl Mayer
 Bruckner Machinery and Service India Pvt. Ltd (Pune) for Bruckner.
Quality Standards
Different standard for shade nets as per BIS are:
 IS 16008:2012 – It defines specification of shade nets for horticulture and agricultural purposes
for different shadings of the net – 50% and 75% and 90%.
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Mulch Mats
Mulching is defined as covering of soil around the plants to conserve soil moisture, prevent weeds and
modify soil temperature. It is an effective practice to restrict weed growth, conserve moisture and
reduce the effect of soil borne diseases through soil solarisation. Black film prevents the germination
and growth of weed seeds in contrast to clear film. It absorbs more sun energy and retains higher heat
underneath the film. Mulching has been helpful in not only preventing moisture loss through
evaporation from the soil and lowering the temperature but also reducing nutrient loss by leaching and
weeds control where chemical fertilizers and weedicides are used. Mulching also reduces run-off,
increase penetration of rainwater, controls erosion, corrects the chemical balance of the soil and
reduces damage done by pests and diseases. Apart from these major results mulching produces
secondary effects such as improvement of soil structure, increase in micro-activity, earthworm
populations and root systems that are more extensive.
In India, straw, hay, sawdust, asphalt paper, etc is traditionally used for mulching. Use of technical
textiles for mulching is yet to gain momentum.
Mulch mats keep ripening fruits, off the soil. The reduced contact with the soil decreases fruit rot as well
as keeps the fruit and vegetables clean. This is beneficial for the production of several fruits including
strawberries. Before plantations of the seedlings, the beds of the field are covered with the mulch mats
(generally a black opaque film) and the holes are made at the desired spots where in the seeds are
planted. The use of mulch mats along with the use of drip irrigation can lead to significant increase in
productivity. But, the non-biodegradable mulches must be removed from the field and disposed of
properly.
Mulch mats are made of both natural (wool and jute) and man-made fibres (LLDPE, HDPE). Mulch mats
can be classified as:-
 Woven
 Non-woven
Wool fibre is used for designing Non-woven Mulch mat and fibres like jute and cotton are used for
Woven mulch mats. In addition polypropylene is also used for manufacturing both woven and non
woven mulch mats.
133
Mulch mats made of biodegradable material are incorporated into the soil as fertiliser for the next crop.
Wool mulch mats allow water to enter in to the soil (unlike black sheet) and act as a barrier to prevent
excessive soil desiccation during dry period. It also provides better insulation and prevents damage from
ground frost.
In addition, HDPE/LLDPE mulch films which are cheaper and last for few months to a year are more
commonly used for mulching in India.
National Horticulture Mission subsidy norms

NHM gives subsidy at the rate of Rs. 32,000 per hectare for plain areas and Rs.36,800 per hectare for
hilly areas for cultivation using plastic mulching limited to a maximum of 50% of the cost and 2 hectare
of area per beneficiary. However, there are no set norms of subsidy for textile based mulching.

Mulch mats are used for protection of low lying cash crops and exotic horticultural crops like
strawberries, water melons, and low height flowers. The use of mulch mats in India is promoted through
NHM via its 50% subsidy for installation of mulch mats. In 2012-13 a total of about 15,400 hectares of
area was cultivated using mulch mats in India through benefits from NHM. However, due to the shorter
life of mulch mats which generally lasts two crop cycles, the replacement market for mulch mats is very
high. The average rate of replacement of mulch mats is close to 2 years in India. Based on the data from
NHM reports, the total replacement of mulch mats occurring in 2012-13 is close to 15000 hectares for
plantations under NHM.
Due to the high value of exotic horticultural crops cultivated under mulch mats and the low cost of
mulch mats, many farmers and plantations purchase mulch mats through open market instead of
through NHM. As a result the share of NHM sales in total mulch mats is limited to just about 40% of the
entire market.

The total market for Mulch films in India is estimated to be 3462 MT worth Rs. 72 crore. However, a
majority of it is constituted by plastic mulch films which are a cheaper substitute of the woven or non
woven fabric mulch mats. Out of the total market of mulch films, the market of woven and non woven
mulch mats is estimated to be of 692 MT worth Rs. 14 crore. As there is insignificant import and export
of mulch mats from India, the market potential is mostly dependent on domestic consumption. The
table below shows the market size estimate for Mulch mats in 2012-13
134
Exhibit 46: Market size estimate for Mulch Mats

2012-13
Total mulch film – Nonwoven/ woven
Plastic & non mulch mats
woven/woven
Quantity (in MT) 4632 692
Value (in Rs. Crore) 72 14
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources

The increase in cultivation of high value crops - vegetables, exotic fruits like strawberries, pine-apples,
cash crops like ground nuts and flowers has been the key for the growth in use of mulch mats. While
many farmers purchase it via NHM, due to its cheaper cost and high margins in the crops it is used for,
many farmers have now started to purchase mulch mats from open markets. This has led to far more
sales than estimated via NHM, as more and more farmers are opting for it seeing the benefits. Deeper
penetration in awareness of the product across the country and increasing preference for vegetables
and fruits as compared to staple crops are the key factors for the growth of mulch mats in India. The
entire demand of mulch mats is met via domestic supply with negligible exports and imports. The
domestic market for woven and non woven mulch mats is expected to increase at 15% per annum
driven by efforts of NHM.
Key Manufacturers
Some of the major manufacturers of mulch mats are Neo Corp International Ltd., Alpha Foam Pvt. Ltd.,
Fiberweb India, Shivam Polymers, Climax Synthetics Pvt. Ltd, Creative polymers Pvt. Ltd and Essen
Multipack Ltd. Many of these players are located in Gujarat. Most of the manufacturers of mulch mats
are small-scale industries.

Foreign trade of mulch mats from India has been insignificant. The details of HS codes under which the
Exhibit 47: Export of mulch mats from India
HS Code family HS codes HS code description
3926 39269080 Polypropylene articles, n.e.s.
Other articles of plastic nes
39269099
5603 & 5608 56031200 Coated, covered or laminated non-woven made
from manmade filament with weight more than
135
HS Code family HS codes HS code description

25 g/ SQM
56089090 Other twines , cordages and ropes
Machinery details
Monolayer Blown Film Lines as well as Multilayer Blown Film Lines are used for the manufacture of
mulch films. Monolayer lines give higher specific output per screw RPM. They have grooved feed
technology for forward movement of the raw material and candle type screen changer to ensure
wastage control and long production runs.
The machinery required is available locally and there are number of manufacturers for the same. The
major Indian manufacturer of these lines is Kabra Extrusion Technik Ltd (KET). A Plastic Mulch Laying
Machine was also developed at CIAE, Bhopal.
The machinery required for non woven and woven mulch mats and ground covers have been covered
under Chapter 2 – Technology of part D of the report.
Quality Standards
The Mulch Films (HDPE & LDPE) are covered under IS 10889:2004, IS 2508:1984.
IS 16190:2014 provides specifications for woven ground cover for horticultural applications.
In addition, Finalised draft standards for specifications of woven ground covers have been developed as
– DOC.TXT – 35 (1089) and draft standards for specification non woven ground covers for horticulture
named as - DOC.TXT – 35 (1237) are under preparation.
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Crop covers
Crop-covers create an excellent microenvironment for seed germination and seedling growth. A crop-
cover is placed over a large area (several rows) of a crop. In cooler climates, crop-covers are often
placed over direct seeded rows or recently transplanted crops to create a warmer, more humid
microenvironment to facilitate rapid plant establishment of warm season crops. Crop covers also
provide crop protection from insects.
Advantages of using crop covers:
 Higher soil and air temperatures compared to those in the open field which leads to early
harvest
 Protect crops from rain, hail, snow and wind
 Providing protection against insect pests
 Improvements in seed bed conditions
 Crop covers can also be used as a means to separate varieties to maintain line purity by
excluding insects and thus preventing cross pollination
 Higher yields and improved crop quality
Product Characteristics
The crop covers can be classified as:-
 Woven
 Non Woven
 Sheet / Film
The light weight and the permeability of these covers allow gas exchange and penetration of rain,
controls insects, enhances growth and freeze protection and eliminates hand ventilation. Although non-
woven materials are more expensive, they do not burn or chaff crops as readily by allowing some
penetration of water and lowering the maximum temperatures beneath the cover.
The non-woven crop covers are UV Treated fabrics of polypropylene manufactured using the spun bond
technique. The crop covers are light in weight (generally 17-19 grams per square metre) so that the
plants are not crushed under their weight. Generally 17 to 19 GSM UV treated white fabric is used in hot
climate and 20 to 30 GSM in cold climates to protect the crops from frost. The non woven fabrics are
packed in the form of rolls of 3 metre width and length of 450-500 metres.
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In addition, woven crop-covers are also used around the world. The simplest and most economical form
of crop covers are the direct or floating covers with no sustaining wire or cane hoops.
Key Applications
Key application of crop covers is in promoting faster and better growth of seedlings by providing a
nurturing micro-environment of warmth. Usage of crop covers in India is very low. Due to lack any
promotional policies like the ones for shade nets and mulch mats, the purchase of crop covers in India is
very low. However, the product finds application in nurseries, cultivation of exotic cash crops and
horticultural crops.

The domestic market size of crop-covers in India is insignificant limited to less than a Crore, as per
insights from the industry. Presence of cheaper and easily available plastic tunnels as a substitute for
crop covers further prevents the growth of crop cover industry in India. In presence of steep
competition from plastic tunnels and the lack of any incentive from NHM or Government of India for use
of crop covers, the market is expected to grow at just around 4% in the coming three years, as the
product is yet to be included under NHM subsidies. Exports of crop covers in 2012-13 were ~Rs. 2 Crore.
The total market estimate of crop covers is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 48: Market size estimate for Crop covers
Crop covers 2012-13
Quantity (in MT) 171
Value (in Rs. Crore) 2.40
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources, NHM reports 2012-13
Key Manufacturers
Some of the key manufacturers of crop covers in India are Sidwin Fabric pvt. Ltd., Alpha foam, K T
International, Surya Tex Tech, Admire fibretex India Pvt. Ltd, Jill Mill Nonwoven Pvt. Ltd. and CTM
Technical Textiles Ltd.

The export of crop covers from India is about Rs. 2 Crore equivalent to 147 MT. No imports were
recorded in 2012-13. The details of HS codes under which the exports have been done can be seen as
under:
138
Exhibit 49: Export of crop covers from India

HS Code family HS code description HS codes Export
Value(E)
(2012-13)
(in Rs. Crore)
5603 Coated, covered or laminated non-woven 56031100
made from manmade filament with
weight less than 25 g/ SQM
Rs. 2.07
Coated, covered or laminated non-woven
Crore
made from manmade filament with 56031300
weight between 70 to 150 G/ SQM
9406 Green houses in ready to assemble sets 94060011
The export trends for the last five years are as shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 50: Export trend for crop covers
Exports
2.08 2.07
2.06
in Rs. crore
2.04
2.02 2
2
1.98
1.96
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
The top countries to which India exports crop covers are:

1. Kenya
2. Tanzania
3. Zambia
Machinery details
Most of the machinery used is imported from Germany, China and Taiwan.
For spun-bond non-woven manufacture, the commonly used production line is Reicofil double beam
production line manufactured by Reifenhauser Gmbh of Troisdorf, Germany. Several Indian players have
139
imported Chinese machinery (e.g. single beam PP spun-bond line from Shaoyang, China) at a much
cheaper price.
Quality Standards
The BIS does have a common standard for all ground covers for agriculture and horticulture activities –
IS 16190:2014.
In addition to the above standard, a draft standard - DOC.TXT 35(1128) - Specifications of polypropylene
spun bonded non-woven crop cover fabric for agricultural and horticultural applications is under wide
circulation for approval.
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Anti Hail nets / Anti bird nets
Anti Bird nets

Bird production nets are used for protection of fruits and crops from birds. Bird protection net is a mesh
product designed to exclude the birds and therefore stop the expensive losses they can inflict on crops.
With an optimal holes size, it is large enough to allow movement of bees and keeps shade to a
minimum.
Anti Hail nets

Anti hail nets are used in to protect fruit trees and fruit crops like apples, strawberries, litchi mostly in
high altitude areas which are prone to frequent hail storms like Jammu and Kashmir, Uttaranchal,
Himachal Pradesh and the North Eastern States. These are either monofilament yarn woven together to
form a mesh or knitted mesh of tapes.
Anti Bird nets
Bird protection net is a mesh product designed to exclude the birds and therefore stop the expensive
losses they can inflict on your crop. It has large size holes so as to prevent birds, but at the same time
not to hinder the light and air from reaching the plants. These nets are manufactured from
Polypropylene or HDPE Monofilament yarn (UV stabilised) and knitted into a durable ultra light mesh
fabric of 25 to 40 GSM. The key characteristics of bird nets are durability, light weight and tear
resistance. The standard sizes of nets available are 1, 2, 3 & 6 metres in width and 10, 20, 50 and 100
metres in length. The mesh size for anti bird nets is around 25 mm. These nets are generally Green, Blue
or White in colour. The shade percentage, which indicates the degree of shade provided by the nets, is
around 20 percent.
Anti Hail nets

Anti-hail nets are used to prevent hail damage in a broad variety of crops. These are woven from HDPE
yarn or are combination of HDPE monofilament and tape in knitted form, stabilised against UV rays.
These nets are transparent in colour with hole size of 2*100 mm to allow the crops to receive a low level
of shade (13% to 30%). The GSM of these nets varies from 60 to 100. These nets are flexible, light,
strong and easy to spread, and can be placed on simple support structures.
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Norms of Assistance for programmes under National Horticulture Mission

As per National Horticulture Mission, support in the form of assistance from the Govt. of up to 50% of
the cost of anti-hail nets/ anti bird nets at the rate of Rs. 35/- per sq. metre of area, subjected to a
maximum of 5,000 sq. metres per beneficiary is being provided for promotion of use of anti hail and anti
bird nets.

The market for Anti hail nets and anti bird nets in India is mostly for protection of fruit bearing plants
and trees. Close to 80% of the purchase of anti hail nets occur through NHM while the open sales
account for the other 20%. The average requirement of hail net per tree is estimated to be 64 sq.
metres. In 2012-13, a total of 301 hectares of area was brought under the use of hail nets and bird nets.
With an average life of 7 years, the replacement market for these nets is estimated to be 20% of total
demand for Anti hail and anti bird nets. It is estimated that the majority of demand is for anti hail nets
which accounts for close to 85% to 90% of the demand, while bird nets have just about 10% to 15% of
the total demand.

The domestic market for anti hail nets and anti bird nets is estimated to be 330 MT covering a total of
376 hectares of area. The market has grown at 25% per annum over the last five years is estimated to be
Rs. 11 Crore. The entire demand is met through production in India as both imports as well as exports of
ant are insignificant. The table below shows the estimated market size of anti hail and anti bird nets for
2012-13.
Exhibit 51: Market size estimate for Anti bird & hail nets
2012-13
The domestic market has grown at 25% during the last five years. It is estimated that close to 75,000
trees in India are being protected by anti hail/ bird nets. This has been a major growth factor for the
market, growing from coverage of 50,000 trees in 2007-08.
142

The increasing awareness and the subsidy provided by NHM for use of anti hail nets has been the major
driver for the industry. Close to 80% of the market is driven by sales through NHM. With the
government targeting a growth rate of 6% for fruits during the XII th plan period as compared to 5.5% in
the XIth plan, the market for anti bird and anti hail nets is poised to grow at higher rates. The total area
under fruits for 2012-13 is 6873 hectares of which close to 4500 hectares is under cultivation of fruits
that are grown on trees. Currently the market of anti hail nets and anti bird nets is about 9% of the total
area under fruit trees. This indicates that there is still a modest opportunity to grow and the domestic
market is expected to grow at 25% till 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
The major manufacturers of anti bird and anti hail nets in India are:
 Netlon India Limited
 Garware wall ropes Ltd.
 Kwality Nets Manufacturing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
 B & V agro and Irrigation Ltd.
Import and Export

Import of Anti hail and anti bird nets into India is very small of just around Rs. 13 lakh. Export of these
nets from India is also insignificant to the tune of Rs. 3 lakh. The details of HS codes under which the
Exhibit 52: Export of anti hail & anti bird nets from India
HS Code HS code description HS codes (2012-13)
family
Import
3926 Other hangers 39269069
Other article of plastic nes 39269099
5608 Made up nettings of nylon 56081110
Rs. 3 Lakh
Other knotted netting of twine, cordage or 56081900
rope of man-made textile materials
Other twines , cordages and ropes 56089090
Export
3926 Other hangers 39269069
Other article of plastic nes 39269099
5608 Made up nettings of nylon 56081110 Rs. 13 Lakh
Other knotted netting of twine, cordage or
rope of man-made textile materials 56081900
143
HS Code HS code description HS codes (2012-13)

family
Other twines , cordages and ropes
56089090
Machinery details
Existing HDPE Woven sack processors can manufacture HDPE Agri- nets on the same tape extruder with
an additional investment in knitting machines. Thus increasing the product mix leading to higher
capacity utilization of the machinery would bring in a higher net profitability.
The Rachel knitting machines used for manufacturing shade-nets are mostly imported. GCL India Pvt. ltd
The Indian associates / suppliers for these machinery manufacturers are:
 ATE engineering (Bombay) for Karl Mayer
The details of key machinery have also been covered under Chapter 2 of Part D under the head
Technology.
Quality Standards
Bureau of Indian standards does not have a specified quality standard for anti bird and anti hail nets.
However there are draft standards that are under preparation for bird protection nets covered under
DOC.TXD 35(1127) – Specifications for bird protection nets.
144
Fishing Nets
Fishnets are key technical textiles used in fishing industry. Fishing nets are knitted fabrics used for
marine and inland fishing by fisherman, fishing trawlers and boats. The characteristics and specifications
of fishnets to be used vary based on the method adopted for fishing. The fishnets are manufactured on
imported electric looms.
Fishing nets are classified as:
 HDPE fishnets
 Nylon Mono-filament fishnets and
 Nylon Multi-filament fishnets
Fishnets are made from Nylon or HDPE twines which could be used in monofilament form or single
twines twisted together for multifilament form. The basic characteristics for fishnets are transparency
and invisibility in water. The critical operational characteristics of fishnets are - high tensile strength,
high knot breaking strength, high abrasion resistance and low drag resistance. The mesh size ranges
from 10 mm to 2,000 mm based on area and method of application. The various types of knots used for
fishnet construction are single, double and U-knots. In case of multifilament nets, the number plies in
the yarn varies from 2 to 36. The length and breadth dimensions of the fishnets are primarily driven by
customer specifications. These nets are available in 100 m, 250 m, 500 m, 600 m and 1000 m spools.

The market for fishnet in India can be classified into two important segments – Nylon based fishnets and
twines and that of HDPE fishnets. While major players like Garware Wall ropes are leaders in
manufacturing the Nylon based fishnet market in India, the HDPE fishnet market is a highly fragmented
segment.
The demand for fishnet in India is driven by both the domestic and export demand of fishes from India.
The fishery sector provides employment to about 14.4 lakh workers. The total fish production in India is
estimated to be 9.13 million MT growing at 5% per annum. 90% of this production is consumed
domestically with 10% being exported. India is the second largest producer of fish in the world with
5.43% share. Large domestic demand and lucrative export prospects are the major drivers of fishnet
production in India. In addition to this, exports of fish-net from India have also risen over the last few
145
years to Rs. 170 Crore indicating a growing demand for Indian fish-nets in the world market. Garware
Wall ropes is currently the largest exporter of fishnet from India with around 45% of the market.

The market size of fish-nets is estimated at 18,686 MT growing at 8% for the last 5 years. This also
includes other agricultural netting products very similar to fishing nets like turf protection nets, root ball
nets, harvesting nets, etc. A description of these products has been done in the subsequent section.
Based on industry insights, the total market size including exports is estimated to be Rs. 654 Crore.
However, exports constitute nearly 25% of this at Rs. 170 Crore for 2012-13.
Exhibit 53: Market size estimate
2012-13
Quantity (in MT) 18,686
The market has grown at 8% during the last five years driven by growing export market which has grown
to Rs. 170 Crore in 2012-13 from 67 crore in 2007-08.

Government of India expects Indian fish production to grow at 6% in the coming years. This would
require increased focus on fishing in sea waters which currently contribute to just around 40 of total fish
production in India despite having a vast coastline. There is huge potential of fishing in sea waters that
remains untapped. Government support for fishing in sea waters and high value of sea food is expected
to increase the share of salt water fishes in total fish production, which would ultimately drive fish net
demand. In addition to it, growing value of fish exports is expected to attract more people to fishing. The
domestic market of fishnets does not show a very high potential for growth and would grow along with
GDP at 6%. The exports on the other hand have seen high growth in the last few years, and with growing
acceptability of Indian products in the world market, the export potential is expected to grow at 12% in
next three years.
Key Manufacturers
A Garware wall ropes Ltd. is the largest manufacturer of fishing nets in India. In addition to Garware wall
ropes, Garware Marine, another unit of Garware group is into production of fishnets and produces close
to 900 MT of fishnets. Along with Garware SRF polymer is a leading supplier of twines for fish nets. In
146
addition to these, many small players dealing in HDPE and mono filament fishing nets are located in
Tamil Nadu which has the fish net production cluster of India.

Fish net exports from India have grown substantially in the last five years reaching Rs. 170 Crore5 in
2012-13, growing at 46% per annum. Garware has emerged to become the largest exporter of fishnet
with more than 50% share. Fish net imports although have increased only marginally from Rs. 11 Crore
in 2007-08 to Rs. 16 Crore in 2012-13, indicating that Indian players have gone for increasing production
capacity during the last five years.
Exhibit 54: Import trends
Applicable HS HS code description HS codes (2012-13)
code family
Imports
Nylon fish net twine 56075010
5607
Others 56075090
Made up fishing nets of nylon 56081110
Made up fishing nets other than nylon 56081190 Rs. 16
5608 Crore
Other knotted nettings, cordages or ropes of 56081900
manmade textiles
Other twines, cordages and ropes 56089090
Tulles and other net fabrics of other textile 58041090
5804
materials
Exports
Nylon fish net twine 56075010
5607
Others 56075090
Made up fishing nets of nylon 56081110
Made up fishing nets other than nylon 56081190 Rs. 170
5608 Other knotted nettings, cordages or ropes of 56081900 Crore
manmade textiles
Other twines, cordages and ropes 56089090
Tulles and other net fabrics of other textile 58041090
5804
materials
The export import trend for fishing nets is as shown in the exhibit below:
5 Includes export of fish net twines also
147
Exhibit 55: Import export trend for fishing nets
Exports Imports
200 170 20
16
150 15
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
11.6
100 10
50 37 5
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top five countries which supply fishing nets to India are:
1. China
2. Thailand
3. Denmark
4. South Korea
5. Taiwan
The top five countries to which India exports fishing nets are:
1. United Arab Emirates
2. Oman
3. United States of America
4. Sri Lanka
5. United Kingdom
Quality Standards
Beau rue of Indian standards (BIS) has the following standards for fishing nets:
 IS 4401:2006: It states the fifth revised standards for textile based twisted nylon fishnets
 IS 4402: 2005: It states the second revision for the basic terms and definitions for textile based
fishnets and nettings
 IS 4641:2005: It provides the second revision for the description and designation of knotted
nettings
148
 IS 5815: 1993 (Part 4): It provides first revision of the standards for determination of breaking
load and knot breaking load for netting yarns
 IS 5815 (Part 5):2005: It provides second revision for the standards of mesh breaking force of
netting.
 IS 5815 (Part 6):1993: It states the first revision for determination of change in length after
emersion in water for netting yarns.
 IS 5815 (Part 7):1993: It states the first revision for determination of elongation for netting
yarns.
 IS 6348:1971: It is the basic term for handing of netting
 IS 6920:1993: It states standards for cutting knotted netting to shape
 IS 8746:1993: It is the first revision of terms and illustrations for mounting and joining of fishing
nets
 IS 9945:1999: It is the first revision stating the method for determination of taper ratio and
cutting rate.
 IS 15788:2008: It states the method for determination of mesh size - opening of mesh
 IS 15789:2008: It states the method for determination of mesh size – length of mesh
 IS 5508(Part 1 to 24): These are guides for fishing gears
 IS 7533:2003: It is standard for polyamide monofilament line for fishing
 IS 14287:1995: I states standards for PP based multifilament netting twine
149
Other Products
Besides the key product segments shown above, Agrotech also consists of Root-ball nets, fruit covers,
and harvesting nets. These form a very small part of Indian Agrotech market and their market size has
been considered as a part of fishing nets. The details of each of these products is discussed as under
Root ball nets

Root ball nets are netting used to wrap roots of a new plants and shrubs. It is commonly used to provide
protection to the root balls of the plant if it is being transplanted. As the roots are completely wrapped
in the netting, during the transplant, issue of breaking of roots is minimised. Root ball nets are mostly
used in nurseries, where transplanting of plants is a regular activity.
The advantages of root ball nets are:
 It protects root balls from damage during transportation and storage;
 It is biodegradable;
 It keep soil sticking to roots;
 It increase packing speed of root balls during transplantation, compared to covering with burlap
and tying with twine;
 Ensure nice and aesthetic appearance of root balls.
Currently the market of root ball nets in India is very small with very few players in the industry. The
usage is limited to only nurseries with low penetration. Currently most of the requirement in India is
met through imports mostly from China. Key global manufacturers of root ball nets are Bonpack
International, Netherlands, Nomanet Limited from Poland and Jetnet Corporation from USA.
Harvesting nets
Harvesting nets are used for collection of fruits and flowers during the harvest. These nets are placed
below the trees to prevent the fruits from falling to ground and hence prevent spoilage of fruits. Due to
traditional harvesting techniques used in India, 5% to 15% loss of fruit occurs due to cracking because of
falling onto the ground during harvesting. Harvesting nets aims at minimising these losses and also
preventing the overall quality of fruit as the fruit does not suffer from any injuries.
Harvesting nets are high quality, UV treated nets with tear resistance usually made of PE material having
a GSM ranging from 75 to 125.
The major manufacturers of harvesting nets on a global scale are the swizz company – Agroflor and the
European Company Diatex.
150
Turf Protection nets:

Turf protection nets are nettings used for protection of the soil surface after the seeds have been sown
till the plants come. These provide protection against animals, pests as well as winds and sun. These are
usually made of HDPE or PP. The use of turf protection nets for agricultural purposes is very limited in
India.
Fruit covers
Fruit covers are protection covers comprising of a fibrous fabric that allows sufficient vapour
permeability to help the fruit ripe while reducing the passage of dust, small birds and insects, thereby
providing protection to the fruit. Fruit covers are mostly made of polypropylene. The fruit cover can be
pigmented as desired to control the sun light falling on the fruit. The key benefits of using fruit covers
are:
 Protection from pests and birds
 It allows nutrient and air to permeate
 It can be used to control ripening of the fruit by controlling the permeability of fabric and the
pigment of the fruit cover
 Its light weight
Fruit covers are mostly made from polypropylene through non woven manufacturing techniques. These
have a GSM ranging from 15 to 25.
Currently the market of fruit covers in India is insignificant with a few limited players. The key players in
the segment in India are Reliance Industries Limited, Vishal synthetics, Sunshine non-woven fabric Co.
Ltd, Eco International and Karam Multipack Pvt. Ltd.
Pallet nets
Pallet nets are knitted polyethylene wraps designed for holding temperature sensitive pallet loads. The
mesh network allows easy airflow across the product preventing degradation and spoilage due to
trapped condensation or change in temperature. Pallet nets are used mostly for holding of air cargo in
aeroplanes and for packing of fruits, vegetables and food items that have low shelf life. The average
GSM of a pallet net ranges in 80 to 100 GSM. These nets are usually sold in rolls of 2500 ft and 20 inches.
The pallet nets offer the following benefits:
 Continuous air flow prevents degradation

 It is easy to tie and does not require an clips or fasteners
151
 Compact of disposal and recycling
Although the awareness for use of pallet nets has increased over time, the domestic market for pallet
nets is still at a very nascent stage. The key manufacturers of nettings in India are the ones involved in
making of pallet nets also.
All these products are slowly gathering momentum in the domestic markets and are yet to carve out a
niche significant position for them in the market. Their market size has been considered to be a part of
the netting manufacturer’s total supply considered in the segment of fishing and other nets.
Vermi beds
Vermi beds are HDPE based woven bags which are extensively used for vermi composting and
vermiculture. These bags are used in large plantations as well as by retail farmers and nurseries to
create high quality organic manure, through vermi composting. The key properties for vermi beds are:
 Light weight
 Waterproof
 UV resistant
 Resistant to agricultural chemicals
The demand for vermi beds is relatively small compared to other technical textile agro products;
however it has a high potential given the fact that the awareness regarding usage of organic manures
and pesticides and the long term ill effects of chemicals on soil quality is spreading across the Nation.
Currently most of the demand for vermi beds comes from nurseries and agricultural institutions and
associations.
The key manufacturers of vermi bed in India are S. M Enterprise, Mumbai, Saurya Polypack, Vadodra,
Rainsafe, Ahmedabad, Lamifab Industries, Mumbai and Neocorp International.
152
2. Meditech
We find several definitions for medical textiles in published literature. Based on our understanding and
exposure in medical textiles, we feel that the following definition may be useful to include or exclude
any product into medical textile basket;
“Medical Textiles are those textiles that incorporate at least one of the following in their structure –
fibre, filament, yarn or fabric, and which involve one or more of the following processes - extrusion,
spinning, weaving, knitting, non-woven, braiding, bonding and are applied for human hygiene,
healthcare and/or medical practice.”
List of Products
The key technical textile products under the Meditech segment sub categorised as Hygiene and
Healthcare are as under:
 Hygiene
o Baby Diapers
o Incontinence Diapers
o Sanitary Napkins
o Wipes
o Ear Buds
o Under pads
 Healthcare
o Non-Implantable
 Surgical Disposables
 Caps, Masks, Gowns – Drapes and Shoe Covers
 Disposable-Bed sheets, Curtains and Pillow covers
 Surgical Dressings
 Bandages
 Wound Care – Wadding, Gauzes, Cotton Lint and Surgical Cotton
 Eye Pads
 Dental Floss
 Compression Stockings and Garments
 Orthotics and Prosthetics
o Implantable
 Surgical Sutures
 Others
 Artificial Heart Valves and Heart Patches
 Artificial Vascular Grafts
153
 Hernia Mesh
 Artificial Tendon/Ligaments
 Artificial Joints
o Extra Corporeal
 Artificial Kidney
 Artificial Liver
 Artificial Lungs

The total market size of medical textile is estimated to be Rs. 3,322 crore in 2012-13, projected to grow
to Rs. Rs. 4,281 crore by 2015-16 growing at 9% CAGR and further to Rs. 5,142 crore by 2017-18.
Product wise market size estimate has been shown in the exhibit below
Exhibit 56: Market summary of Meditech
Produc Impor Export Do Total Exp Dom Exp Dom
tion t mes ort estic ort estic
tic
Baby Diaper( Value ( in
TT Rs. Crore) 3.0 59.0 62.0 62.0 - 71.3 - 94.3
154
tic
Component) Volume ( in
MT) 207 3,930 4,137 4,137 - 4,758 - 6,292
Value ( in
Incontinence Rs. Crore) 1.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 - 13.2 - 19.0
Diaper TT
Component Volume ( in
MT) 37 698 735 735 - 882 - 1,270
Value ( in
Sanitary Rs. Crore) 3.1 59.5 62.6 62.6 - 71.9 - 95.1
Napkin( TT
Component) Volume ( in
MT) 209 3,966 4,174 4,174 - 4,800 - 6,349
Value ( in
Rs. Crore) 94.6 6.5 1.1 100.0 101.1 1.2 110.0 1.5 133.1
Wipes TT
Component Volume ( in
MT) 1,060 526 326 1,260 1,586 358. 1,386 434 1,677
6
Value ( in
Under pads Rs. Crore) 0.7 13.4 14.1 14.1 - 16.1 - 21.3
(TT
Component) Volume( in
MT) 47 891 938 938 - 1,078 - 1,426
Value ( in
Rs. Crore) 0.4 0.4 0.4 - 0.5 - 0.7
Ear Buds (TT
Component)
Volume( in
MT) 28 28 28 - 33 - 48
Value ( in
Surgical Rs. Crore) 66.0 34.5 31.5 66.0 38.0 34.7 45.9 41.9
Disposables
(TT Volume ( In
Component) MT) 4,400 2,300 2,100 4,400 2,53 2,310 3,06 2,795
0 1
Disposable Value ( in
Bed-sheets, Rs. Crore) 66 66 66 - 76 - 100
curtains and
Pillow Covers
Volume ( In
(TT MT) 800 800 800 - 920 - 1,217
Component)
155
tic
Value ( in
Surgical Rs. Crore) 1,121 160 331 950 1,281 347. 998 383 1,100
Dressings 6
Value ( in
Eye Pads Rs. Crore) 0.3 0.3 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.3
(TT
Component) Volume ( In
MT) 21 21 21 - 22 - 24
Value ( in 22 8 33 41
Rs. Crore) 19 8.8 36.3 11 43.9
Dental Floss
(TT
Component) Volume ( In
Kgs) 90 300 145 245 390 159. 269.5 193 326
5
Compression Value ( in
stockings for Rs. Crore) 4.9 4.9 3.3 6.5 9.8 3.5 6.8 3.8 7.5
varicose
veins Volume ( In
(TT '000 Nos) 974 692 466 1,200 1,666 489. 1,260 539 1,389
Component) 3
Value ( in
Compression Rs. Crore) 140.3 9.4 49.7 100.0 149.7 52.2 105.0 57.5 115.8
garments
(TT Volume ( In
Component) '000 Nos) 2,985 200 1,057 2,128 3,185 1,11 2,234 1,22 2,463
0.3 4
Value ( in
Rs. Crore) 660.0 340.0 260.0 740.0 1,000. 286. 814.0 346. 984.9
0 0 1
Surgical Volume 29 4 5.5-6 9.5- 4.4 6- 5 7.5-8
Sutures Mn Mn Mn 10 Mn Mn 6.5 Mn Mn
Meter Doze Dozen Dozen Doz Mn Doz Doze
n en Doze en n
n
Value ( in
Rs. Crore) 10.5 99.5 110.0 110.0 - 132.4 - 146.4
Artificial
Heart Valves
Volume (in
’000 nos) 191 1,809 2,000 2,000 - 2,408 - 2,662
156
tic
Value ( in
Artificial Rs. Crore) 0.8 0.8 0.8 - 0.8 - 0.9
Heart
Patches (TT
Component) Volume (in
mtr) 50 50 50 - 53 - 58
Value ( in
Vascular
Grafts (TT Volume (in
Component) '000 nos) 20 20 20 - 21 - 24
Value ( in
Rs. Crore) 156 4.7 0.7 160.0 160.7 0.8 184.0 1.1 243.3
Hernia Mesh
(TT
Volume (in
Component)
'000 nos) 1,950 58 8 2,000 2,008 9.3 2,300 12.3 3,042
Value ( in
Ligaments
(TT Volume (in
Component) '00 nos) 19 19 19 - 20 - 22
Value ( in
Rs. Crore) 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2
Prosthetics
(TT
Volume (in
Component)
'000 mtr) 75 75 75 - 79 - 87
Value ( in
Rs. Crore) 48.0 48.0 48.0 - 52.8 - 63.9
Artificial
Kidney (TT Volume (in
Component) Mn. Sqm) 4 4 4 - 4.4 - 5
157
tic
Value ( in
Rs. Crore) 23.3 85.2 13.5 95.0 108.5 15.5 114 20.5 165.0
Artificial
Joints Volume (in
'000 nos) 24 87 14 97 111 15.8 116.2 21 168
Total Value ( in
Rs. Crore)
2,371 951 702 2,620 3,322 754 2868 870 3,413
Key players
Key players manufacturing medical technical textiles in India are as under:
Exhibit 57: Key manufacturing companies
Key Players in Meditech sector under each category are
Product Category Company name
P&G Home Products India
Baby Diapers Kimberley-Clark Lever Ltd
Unicharm India Pvt.Ltd
Nobel Hygiene Pvt. Ltd
Incontinence Diapers
Walmark Meditech Pvt. Ltd
P&G Hygiene and Health Care
India
Sanitary Napkins Johnson & Johnson Limited
Kimberley-Clark Lever Ltd
Hygiene Gufic Biosciences Ltd
Johnson & Johnson Limited
Aditya Birla Group(Kara
Wipes Wipes)
Ginni Filaments Ltd
Pristine Care Products
Others (Ear Buds & Suparshva Swabs India
Underpads) Paramount Surgimed India
Pvt. Ltd
Ahlstrom Fibercomposites
India Pvt.Ltd
Healthc Non- Surgical
Magnum Medicare Pvt. Ltd
are Implantable Disposables
Mediklin Healthcare Ltd
Sivashree Meditex India Pvt.
158
Key Players in Meditech sector under each category are

Product Category Company name
Ltd
Thea-Tex Healthcare Pvt.Ltd
KOB India
Alves Group
Bandages Ramaraju Surgical Cotton
Mills Ltd
Shanti Surgicals Pvt. Ltd
Ramanathan Surgicals Pvt. Ltd
Johnson Johnson Limited
Smith and Nephew
Healthcare Pvt.Ltd
Surgical Dressings
3M India
Lavino Kapoor
Jajoo Surgicals Pvt. Ltd
Wound Care Dr.Sabharwal Laboratories
Dental Floss-Colgate
Palmolive
Technomed India Pvt. Ltd
Nomura DND Products Pvt.
Ltd
Tynor Orthotics Pvt. Ltd
Surgical Sutures Johnson & Johnson Limited
Artificial Heart
Valves Sutures India
Artificial Vascular
Grafts Centennial Surgical Suture Ltd
Implantable
Hernia Mesh Lotus Surgicals Pvt. Ltd
Artificial
Ligaments
Artificial Joints
ALIMCO Ltd
Heart Patches
Artificial Kidneys Endolite India Pvt. Ltd
Extra Artificial Liver TTK Healthcare Ltd
Corporeal Johnson & Johnson India
Artificial Lungs
ALIMCO Ltd
159
Capital Employed, Sales and Profitability of few key players of Meditech

Exhibit 58: Profitability of key companies
S.N Capital Employed ( In Sales (In Net Profit Ratio
o Company Name crore) Crore) (%)
2011- 2012- 2011- 2012-
2011-12 2012-13 12 13 12 13
1 Johnson & Johnson Ltd 1261 1319 3601 4043 9.5 10.2
Procter & Gamble Hygiene &
2 Health Care Ltd. 700 808 1304 1699 13.9 12
3 Kimberley-Clark Lever Ltd 46.9 - 244 - -7.9 -
4 Nobel Hygiene Pvt. Ltd 12 12 76 112 13.1 6.8

5 Gufic Biosciences Ltd 42 59 86 106 1.8 3.3
6 Ginni Filaments Ltd 485 496 755 717 -6.1 2.4
7 Ramaraju Surgical Cotton Mills Ltd 244 244 198 240 9.5 -5.2
8 Suryavanshi Spinning Mills Ltd 131 126 271 268 -3 -5.8
9 Lotus Surgicals Pvt. Ltd - - 50 36 5.6 10
10 Dr.Sabharwal Laboratories 4.4 4.9 5.7 5.8 4.6 8.4
11 Centennial Surgical Suture Ltd 27 32 55 57 2.9 2.9
12 ALIMCO Ltd 77 100 82 130 14.3 18
13 TTK Healthcare Ltd 109 124 354 382 4.4 3.7
14 Welspun India Ltd 2654 2759 2610 3046 4.5 5.6
15 Venus Safety and Health Pvt. Ltd - - 32 40 10 10
*Source: IMaCS Analysis, Prowess, Company’s Annual Reports and Industry Survey
160
Baby Diapers
Baby diapers are used to absorb and retain body fluids of infants in period between birth and 24
months. Diapers are essentially made by a sandwich of an absorbent pad between fabric sheets. The
technical textile component of the diaper is the non-woven fabric which prevents fluid leakage and gives
diaper the desired shape.
The baby diapers are generally available in four sizes - small, medium, large and extra large, with an
overall snug fitting. The typical product characteristics are as given below:
 Super absorbent polymer should ensure complete dryness and prevent growth of bacteria
 The non-woven used should be hydrophilic and absorb fluids fast
 Fastening mechanism, optionally adjustable.
 The cover should be breathable
 Optional, leg guards to prevent leakage
The spun bond non-woven fabric used in diapers is 20-25 GSM and
accounts for close to 10-12% by weight of the diaper.

In India, there are around 65-70 million babies up to twenty months age group (census 2011), which is
the potential size of the Indian baby diaper market. However, the penetration of these products has
been less due to the following reasons:
 Costly diaper products
 Easy availability of maid/baby sitter
 Lack of awareness amongst parents
 Diaper considered as a luxury product and not a necessity amongst masses
The penetration of diapers in urban and rural India is about 4% and 1% respectively. In future, the
market will be driven primarily by increased acceptance of these products either through increased
awareness or reduction in product prices.
Market-size estimate of baby diapers in 2012-13 is 1380 million pieces.
161
Consumption norms and the market size estimate

The non-woven fabric is 20-25 GSM and accounts for close to 10-12% by weight of the diaper i.e.
around 3-4 grams per diaper.
Market-size of non-woven
Exhibit 59 Market-size of Non-woven for baby diapers
2012-13 2015-16 (P)

Total No of diapers consumed in India
(in million pieces) 1,380 2,100
Amount of Non-Woven per diaper 3-3.5 gm
% of non-woven by weight(average) ~10
Exports of Non-woven by value (in Rs. Crore) 10
Total Non-woven fabric consumption(in MT) 4,137 MT 6,292 MT
Total Non-woven fabric consumed by value
( Rs. Crore) 62 94
With an average price of Rs. 10-12 per piece, the diaper market by volume in India is approximately
1380 million pieces (the diapers are available in four sizes small, medium, large and extra large based on
the baby‘s age). By value the diaper market about Rs. 1390 Crore. The value of the non-woven fabric in
the diaper is approximately Rs. 62 Crore and expected to grow at a rate of 15% y-o-y, with increased
penetration of diaper usage. The Nonwoven fabric market in India is estimated to grow to Rs. 94 Crore
by 2015-16. In volume terms the non woven fabric market is expected to be 6292MT in 2015-16 up from
4137 MT in 2012-13.
Key manufacturers of baby diapers and non-woven for baby diapers

The baby diaper market in India is quite oligopolistic in nature; the marketing of baby diapers in India is
limited to a few large companies. The baby diaper is mostly manufactured in India as the non-woven
fabric is also available domestically. The major brands such as Huggies (Kimberley Clark Lever), Pampers
(Procter and Gamble) and Mamy Poko (Unicharm) cover more than 90% of the domestic market.
The key suppliers of non-woven in India are Surya Textech Pvt. Ltd, Alfa Foam Ltd. and Fiberweb Pvt. Ltd.
the manufacturing capacity is shown as under:
162
Exhibit 60: Manufacturing capacities

Manufacturer Year Annual Production Manufacturing unit
capacity(MT)
Alfa Foam Ltd 2012-13 9000 Pune, Maharshtra
Surya Textech Pvt. Ltd 2012-13 4800 Himachal Pradesh
Fiberweb Pvt. Ltd 2012-13 4000 Daman
In addition Fibertex also supplies from its non woven plant in Malaysia.
Import export trends

Imports and Exports for 2012-13 are as follows:
Exhibit 61 Import-Export: Baby Diapers
Applicable HS HS codes Quantity (2012-13) Value (2012-13)

code family
Imports
4818 48184010,48184090,48189000
250 million pieces Rs. 146 Crore
and others
Exports
4818 48184090,48189000 and
1 Million pieces Rs. 1.5 Crore
others
The trends for export and import are as shown below:

Exhibit 62: Import export trend for baby diapers
Imports Exports
200 2
146 1.5
150 1.5
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
108
100 1
50 0.5
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Exports
163
The top countries exporting baby diapers to India are:

 China
 Japan
 Malaysia
 Poland
 Saudi Arabia
164
Incontinence Diapers
Incontinence diaper also known as adult diapers are for people with loss of bladder control which
typically applies to people in the age group of 70 years and more. Incontinence diapers are disposable
single use products specifically designed to absorb and retain fluids. The diapers are typically made of
the absorbent material of cellulose with poly-beads to convert fluid into gel. The non-woven material is
placed on top for dry feeling.
The adult diapers are generally available in two sizes medium and large with an overall snug fitting. The
typical product characteristics are as given below:
 Super absorbent polymer should ensure complete dryness and prevent growth of bacteria
 Super absorbent should quickly convert liquid to gel
 The non-woven used should be hydrophilic and absorb fluids fast
 Fastening mechanism, optionally adjustable.
 The cover should be breathable
 Optional, leg guards to prevent leakage

According to 2011 census India has in excess of 39 million adults with age equal or above 70 years. The
incontinence products are expensive and have very low penetration which is restricted to urban retail
market and medical institutions around the country. The medical institutions account for about 40-50%
of the adult diaper market volume wise. The rest is through retail markets. The estimated penetration in
urban areas is 0.75%.However, with the increase in medical care services and increase life expectancy in
India, the market is expected to grow briskly.
Market-size estimate of adult diapers in 2012-13 is 74 million pieces (approx).The future market would
be driven primarily by increased awareness, penetration coupled with drop in product prices. It is
expected to grow at a rate of 20% y-o-y. With an average price of Rs. 25 - 50 per piece, the adult diapers
market by volume in India is approximately 64 million pieces which is being valued at Rs.153 Crore
165

The non-woven used for these adult diapers is around 10 grams per piece. The non-woven material
gives the feeling of dryness when the fluids are absorbed and convert it into a gel by the poly-beads in
the absorbent material.
Exhibit 63 Market-size of Non-woven (adult diapers industry)
2012-13 2015-16 (P)

Diaper production in 2012-13 (Million pieces) 74 110
Amount of non-woven per diaper ~10gms
Total non-woven required used (MT) 735 1270
Total non-woven market by value ( Rs. crore) 11 19
Source: Industry survey, IMaCS Analysis
The market of Incontinence diapers is expected to grow from 74 Million pieces in 2012-13 to 110 million
pieces in 2015-16.In value terms the market size will grow from Rs.170 crore in 2012-13 to Rs.293 crore
in 2015-16.The non woven market in volume will grow from present 735 MT to 1270 MT in the next 3
years. In value terms the non woven market shall reach Rs. 19 crore in 2015-16 from the present value
of Rs.11 crore. No inflationary increase has been assumed in price.
Key manufacturers of adult diapers

The adult diapers manufacturing has taken up strongly over the past one and a half year driven by the
availability of the fabric and also because of increased awareness of the market potential among
entrepreneurs
Kimberley-Clark Lever with its brand “Depend”, Noble Hygiene with its brand “Friend’s” and Paramount
Surgimed Ltd are few key players in the market. The spunbond non-woven technical textile raw material
is both imported as well as supplied by domestic players. Primarily the spun bond fabric is made out of
polypropylene. Reliance industries Ltd, Indian Oil Corporation, etc are the manufacturers of
polypropylene meant for spun bond industries.
Imports and Exports of Adult Diapers in 2012-13

The import export trend for adult diapers is as shown
Exhibit 64: Import-Export: Adult Diapers

code family
Imports
166

code family
4818 48184010, 48184090,
48189000 and others 30 million pieces Rs. 26 Crore
9619 96190030
Exports
4818 48184010,48184090,48189000
and others 10 Million pieces Rs. 17 Crore
9619 96190030
The trend for import and export is as shown below

Exhibit 65: Import export trend for incontinence diapers
Exports Imports
20 17 30 26
25
15
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
20 15
10 15
6
10
5
5
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Most of the domestic market is dominated by Chinese imported adult diapers and the local
manufacturers export mostly to the neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh. The
top importing and exporting countries for incontinence diapers are:
Top Importing countries:
 China
 Republic of Korea
 Indonesia
 United Kingdom
 Korea DPR
The top countries where India exports are:
 Sri Lanka
 United Arab Emirates
167
 United Kingdom
 Nigeria
 Bangladesh
168
Sanitary Napkins
Sanitary napkin is a hygiene absorbent product used by women during menstrual periods. Sanitary
napkins are essentially made by a sandwich of an absorbent pad between fabric sheets. The technical
textile component of the diaper is the non-woven fabric which prevents fluid leakage.
Product characteristics –
The typical product characteristics are as given below:
 Super absorbent polymer should ensure complete dryness
 Hydrophilic non-woven to absorb fluids fast
 Snug fit
 Breathable cover
The non-woven fabric is 18-20 GSM and accounts for around 11-12% by weight of the sanitary napkin
i.e. around 0.95 to 1 grams per napkin.

The penetration of sanitary napkins is around 13% of the target population. The potential market
(females in the age group of 15 years to 50 years) for sanitary napkins is around 32.5 million (Source:
Census India 2011 estimates). The sale of feminine hygiene products is low due to various factors,
primary being:
1. Lack of awareness, especially in rural India
2. Lack of information on the products
3. Availability of substitutes
4. High price of the product
The price per unit varies from Rs. 3 to Rs 12 (average price Rs 3.5 per unit) and the Indian feminine
protection market is pegged at around Rs.1600 Crore. The market is expected to increase with increased
awareness and hence, adoption level amongst women. Attempts are being made to indigenise
manufacturing machines to lower the cost of production. At present, the sanitary napkin market in India
is growing at the rate of 15% y-o-y.
169
Consumption norms and the market size estimate:

The non-woven fabric is 18-20 GSM and accounts for around 11-12% by weight of the sanitary napkin
i.e. around 0.95 – 1 grams per napkin. Average weight of sanitary napkin is 8 to 10 gm.
Exhibit 66 Market-size of Non-woven (sanitary napkin industry)
2012-13 2015-16 (P)

Sanitary napkin usage – approx. (million
pieces) 4397 6583
Amount of non-woven per napkin (grams) 0.95 0.95
% of non-woven by weight (average) 11-12% 11-12%
Total non-woven consumed (MT) 4174 6349
Total non-woven consumption by value
( Rs. Crore) 63 95
Source: The Indian Textile Journal, Industry survey, IMaCS Analysis
The market of sanitary napkins is expected to grow from 4394 million pieces in 2012-13 to 6683 million
pieces in 2015-16.In value terms the market shall grow from Rs.1600 crore to Rs.2400 crore.
The non woven fabric market is estimated to be of 6349 MT in 2015-16 from the present 4174 MT in
2012-13.In terms of value the non woven fabric market shall grow from Rs.63 crore in 2012-13 to Rs.95
crore in 2015-16.
Key manufacturers
The sanitary napkins market in India is dominated by Procter and Gamble, Johnson and Johnson and
Kimberley Clark Lever. Johnson & Johnson whose brands Stayfree and Carefree and Procter & Gamble
whose brand Whisper cover close to 85-90% of sanitary napkins market. The remaining market is shared
by Kimberley Clark Lever‘s Kotex, Gufic Biosciences brand Shapers and other domestic brands such as
Royal Hygiene Care, Actifit India Pvt. Ltd., Dima Products and Kaul Impex. Pvt. Ltd. Jayashree Industries
is the supplier of low cost indigenously made sanitary napkin manufacturing machinery.
The Imports and Exports of Sanitary Napkin

The import and export of sanitary napkin is shown as below:
Exhibit 67 Import-Export: Sanitary Napkins

code family
170

code family
Imports
4818 48184010,48184090,48189000
613 million pieces Rs. 103.3 Crore
and others
Exports
4818 48184090 and others 0.38 Million pieces Rs. 0.5 Crore
The trends for export and import is as shown below

Exhibit 68: Import export trend for sanitary napkins
Exports Imports
1.2 1 120 103
1 100
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
0.8 80
0.6 0.5 60 40
0.4 40
0.2 20
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The Nonwoven imported is approximately 200MT under HS Codes 39201019, 39199090 and 56031100.
Top exporting and importing countries are as follows:
Imports:
 China
 Thailand
 Germany
 Canada
 United Kingdom
Exports:
 Mauritius
 Poland
 Seychelles
171
 Nepal
 Liberia
China dominates the import of napkins followed by Thailand. The exports are expected to grow with the
set up of more manufacturing lines in the country.
172
Wipes
Wipes are used to clean surfaces. They can be in dry or wet form. Disposable non-woven wipes are
increasingly used for various personal purposes. Mostly tissue based or spunlace non-woven fabric from
viscose, polyester and polypropylene is used to manufacture wipes.
Product Characteristics:
The key properties required for wipes are as follows:
a. High Absorption
b. Low Static and gliding friction
c. Good cleaning efficiency
d. Lint free
e. Non-allergic
The usage of baby wipes is well accepted as a convenient, portable and hygienic way to keep babies
clean. Antibacterial wipes help to sanitize shopping trolleys, restaurant tables, etc. to reduce the
exposure to germs. They also provide an easy way to maintain clean hands more effectively. Personal
care wipes are specifically designed to carry cleansing creams with specific ingredients to help remove
makeup. Wipes also find application in manufacturing and service industries especially in food service
and health care. The success of nonwoven wipes is driven by their ease-of-use, disposability, portability
and reduced risk of cross-contamination.
The key ingredient or variable is nonwoven Spunlace fabric used as basic raw material and other variable
being flexible packaging film for packing single pouch, multiple wipes C fold pouches or plastic
dispensers. The product used is typically 40-45 gsm. Seasonal factors play important role with summer
considered as peak season and rainy season as off season for market sales.

Today, there are different categories of wipes available in India focusing on various segments like baby
wipes, antibacterial wipes, nail polish remover wipes, cosmetic wipes, make up remover wet wipes,
cleaning wipes, disinfectant & personal hygiene wipes. However, personal hygiene wipes and baby
wipes hold majority of the market. The market is driven by improved lifestyle and increase in the
disposable income.
173
The annual consumption of wipes in India is about 1260 MT. The average market price of a wipe is
Rs.1.5.The market for wipes in India is around Rs.101 Crore. The market is expected to grow at 10% y-o-
y. In 2015-16 the consumption of Non woven is expected to be around 2111 MT and the value to be
Rs.134.6 crore. No inflationary price of the non woven fabric has been assumed.
The increase in the urban population, increased awareness, and rise of the middle-class families with
increase in their disposable income and lifestyle changes shall be the key drivers for the increase in
market.
Exhibit 69: Market size - wipes
2012-13 2015-16(P)
Quantity of Non Woven(in MT) 1586 2111
Value of Non Woven (in Rs. Crore) 101 134.6
*source: Primary Survey, IMaCS analysis, industry sources
Key Manufacturers:
The major players in wipes industry are Johnson & Johnson, Pristine Care products Pvt. Ltd, Ginni
Filaments Ltd, Kimberly-Clark, Himalaya Health Care Pvt. Ltd, Kara Wipes by Aditya Birla Group and
Tainwala Personal Care Pvt. Ltd. and Precot Meridian.
Birla Cellulose, is one of the biggest manufacturers of viscose fibre, the preferred raw material for wipes.
Spunlace non woven is produced by Ginni Filaments Ltd. They have a production capacity of 10,000
MTPA.
Import export trend

China is the largest supplier of wipes to India. India is a net importer with imports worth Rs. 6.5 crore in
2012-13.
Exhibit 70: Import and export of wipes
Applicable HS codes Quantity Value (2012-
HS code (2012-13) 13)
family
Imports
4818 48182000,48189000,48184090 526 Tonnes Rs.6.5 Crore
4803 48030010
Exports
174
Applicable HS codes Quantity Value (2012-

HS code (2012-13) 13)
family
4818 48182000,48184090,48189000
326 Tonnes Rs.1.13 Crore
5603 56031200
The trend for export and import of wipes is as shown:

Exhibit 71: Import export trend for wipes
Exports Imports
1.2 1.13 8
6.5
1
0.76 6
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
0.8
3.7
0.6 4
0.4
2
0.2
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Top Countries of Imports and Exports of Wipes are as follows:

Exhibit 72: top trading countries
Imports Exports
China Maldives
Bangladesh Nepal
UAE UAE
USA Egypt
Sweden Oman
*DGFT and IMaCS Analysis
Most of the imports happen from China whereas our exports are to mostly to Maldives and the Middle
East.
175
Under pads
An under pad is an item of removable bedding that sits on top of a mattress to provide protection to the
mattress. They are used to prevent the beds, mattresses, chairs, sofas or wheelchairs from getting wet.
An under pad is used by hospitals, nursing homes, households to avoid the under-layer of the bed or
mattress from getting wet. It is used for both children and elderly who have loss of control on their
bladder.
Product characteristics –
Under pads come in two varieties, disposable and re-usable. However, most of the people prefer using
disposable under pads. A typical under pad shall have a super absorbent polymer for speedy absorption
of the fluids and a non woven fabric on top of it.
Under pads should have the following features:
 The super absorbent should have a very good absorption quality
 Super absorbent should convert fluid into get and prevent bacterial growth
 Dry feel on top of the pad
 Skin friendly, breathable and comfortable cover on top
 The pad should not move while on the bed or seat.
Usually under pads of various sizes are available in the market. Sizes vary from 60”x40”, 60”x50”,
60”x60” to 60”x90”.An under pad’s weight varies from 70-90 Gms and non woven component is 20-
40gms.
Market size and trade trends and Key Manufacturers

The market for under pads in 2012-13 is estimated to be Rs.45 crore and expected to grow to Rs.68
crore by 2015-16. In 2012-13 it is expected that the consumption of the under pads was 38 million
pieces and by 2015-16 the consumption is estimated to increase to 57 million pieces. The non woven
market for under pads in 2012-13 is estimated to be 938 MT in volume and Rs.14 crore by value. In
2015-16 this is expected to reach 1426 MT in volume and Rs.21crore in value. No inflationary increase in
the price of non woven fabric has been assumed.
The increase of awareness about the product, reduction in the cost price, innovation in product and rise
of the disposable income of the people in India are the key drivers for the growth.
176
Exhibit 73: Market size for under pads

2012-13 2015-16(P)
Underpads usage – approx. (million pieces) 38 57
Amount of non-woven per under pad

(grams) ~25 ~25
Total non-woven consumed (MT) 938 1426
Total value of no woven (in Rs. crore) 14 21
*source: IMACS Analysis and Industry Insights
Though most of the market is dominated by Chinese under pads, Paramount Surgimed Ltd with
AeroKleen brand is the market leader followed by Nobel Hygiene Pvt. Ltd in India. Nobel Hygiene has a
capacity of producing 4 million pieces per annum.
Under pads are imported under HS Code 48182000, 48184090, 48189000. The import of under pads is
estimated to be worth Rs. 13 crore.
177
Ear Buds
Cotton ear buds or swabs are used to clean ears from wax, absorb water in body parts, clean between
baby’s fingers, eyes and nose or apply creams on body parts. An ear bud must have the following
features:
 Soft
 Absorbency
 Clean and dry
For the above features treated and processed absorbent cotton or swab is used as on soft plastic sticks.
In India the ear buds are consumed in the urban society and is still considered a luxury product.
Market size and trade trends and Key Manufacturers

Ear buds in India predominantly used by urban consumers. However, the market penetration is very
low as people still consider it to be a luxury product. India has an urban population of about 37.8 crore
(Census 2011) of which about 1% are estimated to buy ear buds. However the market is expected to
grow at a CAGR of 20%. The market growth is linked to the product awareness, rise in disposable income
of the people and the growth of organised retail, where most of the sales happen.
The total market of ear buds in India in 2012-13(E) is about Rs.14 crore and is expected to grow to Rs.24
crore by 2015-16.The absorbent cotton consumption will grow from 27.5 MT in 2012-13 to 47.5 MT in
2015-16 in volume terms and from Rs.43 lakh in 2012-13 to Rs.74 lakh in 2015-16.No inflationary rise in
prices of absorbent cotton has been assumed.
Exhibit 74: Market size for ear buds
2012-13 2015-16(P)
Total ear Buds Market (in Rs. Crore) 14 24
Total cotton consumed (in MT) 28 47.5
Total market of TT component (in Rs.
lakh) 43 74
The market has two major organised players, Johnson & Johnson Ltd, which sells under its own brand
name and Suparshwa Swabs which sells ear buds under the brand name of Tulips.
Ear buds are traded under the HS Codes: 56011000 and 56012110.
178
Surgical Disposables
The surgical disposables primarily consist of masks, caps, drapes, gowns, gloves and shoe covers made
of polypropylene spunbond fabric (non-woven) with or without polyethylene film. Surgical disposables
are used in hospitals and pharmaceutical companies to maintain hygienic and sterile operations. These
are called as surgical disposables as these are for one time use and disposed off after one time usage. In
India, the majority of hospitals use cotton reusable surgical wear which needs to be sterilised after every
use. The peril of re-usage is cross contamination which should be avoided. The disposable medical items
are gradually replacing the reusable cotton cloth based surgical gear. With growth in the multi-specialty
hospitals, medical tourism and improvement in general hygiene level at the hospitals, the demand for
medical disposables is experiencing positive growth. However, the price sensitive nature of the hospital
purchase managers has resulted in the low penetration of surgical disposables.
The functional characteristics of surgical disposables are:
 High barrier to blood or body fluids
 Lower lint than linen (lint is a source of infection)
 Proven sterilisation performance
 Comfort and breathability
 Good bacteria filtration efficiency
 Breathing resistance
 Splash resistance
The surgical disposable masks and caps are made from polypropylene (PP) spunbond fabric; spunlace
fabric and spunbond melt blown fabric and spunlace fabric (SMS) fabric. The weight of the fabric for
caps is typically in the range of 12-25 GSM and for masks it is in the range of 25-40 GSM. The disposable
drapes, gowns and covers are made of polypropylene (PP) spunbond fabric and Spun bond melt blown
fabric and spunlace fabric (SMS). The weight of the fabric is typically 25-40 GSM for spunbond fabric for
gowns and around 35-50 GSM for SMS fabric for drapes and covers.
These products are manufactured in sterilised environment and packed in PP bags and dispenser boxes
sterilised before despatch.
179

The growth of medical textile products is tied with the growth of the healthcare industry in India. The
healthcare consumption in India is expected to grow to $170 billion. The rural India is expected to follow
the increasing healthcare spend trend of urban India. The demand for disposables is expected to
increase with the emergence of new tertiary care hospitals with international accreditations and
improvement of service levels off the existing hospitals. In addition, the growth in pharmaceutical,
biomedical and biotechnological companies would augment the demand for medical textiles especially
disposables.

The penetration of surgical disposable products is limited primarily to the hospitals in metro and
cosmopolitan cities and tertiary care hospitals. The larger hospitals in the major cosmopolitan cities in
India (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad) account for nearly 5.5-6% of total
beds in India. Almost all of these hospitals are using surgical disposables. The penetration of surgical
disposables in the remaining hospitals is estimated to be around 20%. In addition, the usage of surgical
disposables (masks, drapes, gowns and caps) in pharmaceutical companies has been assumed as 15% of
the usage in hospitals based on the industry survey
The average price of surgical disposables like caps, masks and shoe-covers is around 70 to 90 paisa per
piece while that of drapes is Rs 350 per units and of gowns and covers is around Rs 55 per unit. The
medical disposables like caps, masks and shoe covers are 100% technical textile products made-up from
PP spunbond or SMS non-woven fabric. The consumption of Polypropylene (PP) spunbond material and
SMS fabric varies with size of the product. The product used for drapes and gowns is typically 25 GSM
and 80 GSM. The average size of spunbond fabric per material is around 2 square metres. The typical
weight of these products varies from 50 grams to 160 grams. Spunlace material is also used in this
manufacture of surgical disposables. The caps and masks require approximately 3 grams of PP spun
bond fabric while shoe-covers require 6 grams of PP spun bond fabric per unit. The raw materials
account for 80-90% of the cost.
Exhibit 75: Nonwoven consumption norm
Description Value
Usage caps, masks & shoe covers per month in 300 bed hospital (pieces) 8,000 to11,000
Usage drapes, gowns & covers per month in 300 bed hospital (pieces) 150 to 200
Amount of non-woven per cap/mask 3g
180
Description Value
Amount of non-woven per show-cover 6g
Amount of non-woven per drape, gown & cover 50 to 150 g
Average price per cap / mask / shoe cover Rs 0.7 to 0.9
Average price per drape Rs 320
Average price per gown / cover Rs 55
The domestic usage of the surgical disposables – caps, masks & shoe covers in India is estimated at
around 80 million pieces annually. The domestic usage of the surgical disposables – drapes, gowns &
covers in India is estimated at around 1.75 to 2.5 million pieces annually. The market is expected to
grow at 10% y-o-y. The consumption in the surgical disposables market is given below:-
Exhibit 76: Market size of non woven surgical disposable

2012-13 2015-16(E)
Non-woven fabric (Domestic Quantity in MT) ~2100 2795
Non-woven fabric (Export Quantity in MT) ~2300 2818
Market of Non-woven ( Quantity in MT) 4400 5856
Market of Non-woven ( Value in Rs. Crore) 66 88
*Source: Industry survey, IMaCS Analysis.
181
Disposable Bed-sheets, Curtains and Pillow Covers
Disposable bed sheets, curtains and pillow covers hold the same properties as of other surgical
disposable products. They have been introduced in the market about 2 years back and have a very low
level of penetration. Disposable bed sheets, pillow covers have gained acceptance in the Spa industry in
India, as the cost of maintenance and laundry services in the country are rising. Hospitals could buy
disposable curtains, bed sheets and pillow covers in almost the same price as that of laundry expenses,
(a set of one bed-sheet and pillow cover would cost around Rs. 75-100). This industry is still in a nascent
stage in the country.
It is estimated that about 75-80% of 2500 Spas in the country and over 10% of private hospitals are
presently consuming disposable bed sheets, curtains and pillow covers. With the increase of awareness,
the consumption of such products will increase rapidly. This segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of
15% y-o-y in India.
The estimated current market of non woven fabric for disposable bed sheets, curtains and pillow covers
is about Rs.66 Crore in value and 800 MT in volume terms. In 2015-16 this market shall reach Rs.100
Crore in value and 1217 MT in volume. No inflationary increase in the price of non woven fabric has
been assumed.
Exhibit 77: Market for nonwovens in surgical disposable
2012-13 2015-16(P)
Non Woven consumed (Quantity in MT) 800 1217
Non woven market (Value in Rs. Crore) 66 100
*Source: Industry Survey, IMaCS Analysis.
Key manufacturers
The surgical disposables market in India is witnessing an initial growth phase. The imported surgical
disposables from China are also available in the market. The major producers of surgical disposables
are:-
 Ahlstrom Fibercomposites India Pvt. Ltd
 3M India
 Thea-Tex Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.
 Mediklin Healthcare Ltd.
 Magnum Medicare Pvt. Ltd.
 Sivashree Meditex India Pvt. Ltd
182
 Surgiwear India
 Dispoline
 Venus Safety and Health Pvt. Ltd
Import Export trends

Imports & Exports of surgical disposables is as given in the table below:
Exhibit 78: Import - export - surgical disposables
Applicable HS HS codes Quantity (million Value
code family pieces) (2012-13) (2012-13)
Imports
4015 40159010, 40151100 Masks-0.12
5603 56031200, 56031100, Caps-2.1
56039400 Drape and Gowns-5.5
6210 62101000 Gloves-325 pairs
Rs.18 Crore
6307 63079090 and others Shoe Covers-1
Others ( bed covers,
table covers, pillow
covers, curtains etc)-9
Exports
4015 40159010, 40151100 Masks-1.2
5603 56031100,56031200,56039400 Caps-3
6210 62101000 Drape and Gowns-1.1
6307 63079090 and others Gloves-123 (pairs)

Rs.174.5
Shoe Covers-13
Crore
Others ( bed covers,
table covers, pillow
covers, curtains etc)-
0.16
The trend for export and import of surgical disposables is as shown:
183
Exhibit 79: Import export trend for surgical disposables
Exports Imports
200 175 25 21.6
20 18
150
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
15
100
10
50 5
3
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Top Countries of Imports and Exports of Surgical Disposables are as follows:

Surgical Disposables
Imports Exports
Malaysia USA
Sri Lanka Germany
Thailand UAE
USA Saudi Arabia
China Mauritius
Raw-materials and machineries –

The raw material for the medical disposables is PP spunbond non-woven fabric.
Quality Control and Standards –

There are no Indian standards. The gowns and drapes manufactured in India are compliant with AAMI
PB 70 (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation) standards. For the mask products -
ASTM F2101-01 is used as standard for the bacteria filtration efficiency. The Delta-P standard is used to
set the breathing resistance and ASTM 1862 is used to set the splash resistance.
184
Surgical Dressing Material
Surgical dressing material is applied on the wound to expedite the process of healing and prevent
further harm due to wound exposure. The dressing material can be primarily divided as
 Bandage
 Wound care layer
Bandage holds the wound care layer in place. Wound care products which are adhesive in nature are
also available in the market. The bandage can also be used on standalone basis in case of orthopaedic
cases (e.g. crepe bandage). The type of dressing used varies based on the type of wound and location of
the wound. Typically, the wound care products consist of:-
 Absorbent pad
 Non-adhering/dressing
 Adhering pads or adhesive plaster
 The wound contact material is available in both woven and non-woven forms.
 The bandage products consist of:-
 Rolled Bandage
 Gauze bandage
 Elastic/Non-elastic bandage
 Light support bandage
The materials included under surgical dressings are: Rolled bandages, Crepe bandages, Plaster-of-Paris
bandages, Absorbent gauze pack, plaster, absorbent pads, surgical pads, cotton lint, eye pads,
compression stockings and garments.
The raw materials for surgical dressings are cotton fibre, viscose and acrylic. The functional properties
like absorbency are improved for dressing material. Additionally, these products could be sterilised or
non-sterilised. The wound contact layer is either woven medicated layer or non-woven medicated layer.
The wound contact layer is non-adherent and allows new tissue to develop easily. Non-adherent
hypoallergenic, gamma sterile dressing allows easy wound-drainage. It is soothing, enhances healing in
burns, skin grafts, skin loss and lacerated wounds. The bandages provide support to the dressing
185
material and function as compression material. Cotton gauze cloth is generally used for holding wound
contact layer in place which is tied at the ends or joints using adhesive tape. Bandages are also made
from polyester yarns. The bandages have a basis weight in the range of 55-60 GSM.
Crepe bandages / compression bandages: are knitted bandages made from thick woven polyester
fabric which have an elastic behaviour and porous nature for skin breathing. These bandages are used
on limbs to create resting pressure and working pressure for the treatment. The crepe bandages are
manufactured by weaving and warping the yarn and then processed to give properties like stretch
ability. The crepe bandages are available is various sizes like 5, 7.5, 15 centimetre x 3 meter.
Plaster-of-Paris (POP) bandages: are made of cotton gauze of leno weave cloth with Plaster-of-Paris
impregnated. The leno weave holds the POP material in the fabric. The bandage is dipped in water and
applied on the limb which would graduate into a hard cast once dried. The POP bandages are available is
various sizes like ~10, 15, 20 centimetre x 3 meter.
Dressing pads and absorbent gauze generally have basis weight of around 30 GSM. These pads and
absorbents are available across various sizes. Cohesive bandages stick to themselves and not to the
user‘s skin. Hence, they are suited for skin protection applications. Adhesive plaster (medicated or not
medicated) is available in various lengths and shapes. The wound dressing material should be sterile,
breathable and should provide a moist healing environment. The healing environment then reduces the
risk of infection and helps the wound heal more quickly.
All the surgical dressing items are expected to be ISI, USP or BP compliant

The demand for surgical dressing material is primarily driven by boom in the healthcare sector and
increase in hospital beds in the country. In addition to the domestic market, Indian dressing materials
are also exported to several countries. The industry is primarily unorganised with units in across Tamil
Nadu, Mumbai, Uttar Pradesh, Ichalkaranji, amongst others. The market for dressing material is
primarily institutional with a share of around 60% of sales and the remainder is retail.
186
Exhibit 80: Usage norm - surgical dressings

Usage norms
Rolled bandage Around 100 units of 14 cm * 6 m (or

equivalent)
Crepe bandage Around 15 units of 10cm * 4 m (or
equivalent)
POP bandage Around 10 units of 10 cm width (or
equivalent)
Elastic adhesive bandage Around 1.5 units
Band-aid / adhesive tape Around 20 units
Absorbent cotton wool / Surgical Cotton/Lint Around 10 units of 500 g
Absorbent gauze Around 20 units of 90cm*20 mtr
Surgical pad Around 2.5 units
*Source: Industry survey, IMaCS Analysis
In the past 6 years the government spending on the health sector has grown at a rate of 20% and with
the surge of new private hospitals with improved services and the growth of medical tourism the
surgical dressing industry is expected to grow at a rate of 5-6% y-o-y.
The present market of surgical dressings is estimated to be Rs.1281 crore and it is expected to reach
Rs.1541 crore in 2015-16
Exhibit 81: Market size - surgical sutures
Surgical dressings usage in India 2012-13 2015-16(P)
Surgical dressings-bandages (in Rs. crore) ~500 580
Surgical dressings-wound care products (in Rs. crore) ~450 520
Exports of surgical dressings (in Rs. crore) 331 -
Imports of surgical dressings (in Rs. crore) 160 -
Total Surgical dressings (in Rs. crore) ~1281 1483
Key manufacturers
The industry is primarily unorganised with units in various states / areas of India including Tamil Nadu,
Mumbai, Uttar Pradesh and Ichalkaranji, amongst others.
187
Surgical Dressings: The organised producers of the surgical dressings are as follows:-
 Johnson and Johnson India
 Lavino Kapoor – Absorbent cotton – 100% EOU
 Dr. Sabharwal Laboratories
 Ramanathan Surgicals Private Limited
 KOB textile – Dressing Material - 100% EOU (Export Oriented Unit)
 Ramaraju Surgical Cotton Limited
 Shanti Surgicals
 Jajoo Surgicals Private Limited
 Alves Industries

Imports and Exports of surgical dressing material in 2012-13 is as given in the following table
Exhibit 82: Import export - surgical dressing
Applicable HS HS codes Quantity Value (2012-
code family (2012-13) 13)
Imports
3005 30051010,30051020,30051090,
30059010,30059030,30059040, Rs.160 Crore
800 ‘000kgs
30059050,30059060 and (Estimated)
others
Exports
3005 30051010,30051020,30051090,
30059010,30059030,30059040,
Rs.331 Crore
30059050,30059060,30051090 56210’000kgs
(Estimated)
5601 56012110, 56012190 and
others,
The trend for export and import of surgical dressings is as shown:
188
Exhibit 83: Import export trend for surgical dressings
Exports Imports
400 200
331 160
300 150
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
200 100
93
100 50 31
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Top Countries of Imports and Exports of Surgical Dressings are as follows:

Surgical Dressings
Imports Exports
China UK
Portugal Australia
USA Netherlands
Japan USA
Germany Germany
*Source: DGFT, DGCIS
Quality Control and Standards

The products require approval for usage by the medical authority. For handloom cotton bandages, the
applicable standard is IS863 and for cotton gauze absorbents, the applicable standard is IS758. Several
manufacturers also have ISI mark and ISO certification for their products and units respectively. All the
surgical dressing items are expected to be ISI, United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) or British
Pharmacopoeia (BP) compliant.
189
Eye Pads
Eye pad is a patch of cotton worn over the eyes to prevent any infection post an eye surgery or
treatment. They are also worn at SPA’s during various therapy treatments. The patch is tied with elastic
around the head.
Eye Pads usage is India is subject to eye surgeries and the usage by spas. It is estimated that there are
about 56 lakh eye surgeries per year in India and about 3 eye pads per day being consumed by 2500
SPA’s in the country. Each eye pad consumes about 2.5-3 gms of non woven. The market is expected to
grow at a CAGR of 5% y-o-y.
The following table shows the estimated market size of eye pads and non woven. No inflationary
increase in the prices of non woven has been assumed.
Exhibit 84: Market size - eye pads
2012-13 2015-16(E)
Total Eye pads consumed in quantity (in Mill pieces) 8.4 9.8
Per eye pad non woven (in gms) ~2.5
Non woven consumed in quantity (in MT) 21 24
Total Non woven consumed in value (in Lakh) 30 35
*source: Industry survey and IMaCS analysis
190
Dental Floss
Dental floss is a soft nylon thread coated with wax used to clean between teeth.
Dental Floss is consumed in mostly in urban India. It is estimated that about 80 lakh to 1 crore of the
urban population would be the real buyers of dental floss. The domestic consumption of dental floss is
estimated to be Rs.41 crore in 2012-13 and is growing at a CAGR of 10% y-o-y. In 2015-16 the market is
estimated to be Rs.54.6 crore. In 2012-13 exports are of the value of Rs.8.8 crore.
Exhibit 85: Market size dental floss

2012-13 2015-16 (P)
Dental Floss market in quantity (in kgs) 390 519
Dental Floss market in value(in Rs. crore) 41 54.9
*source: Industry Survey and IMACS analysis
The market of dental floss in the country shall be driven with increased penetration and reduction in
prices.Dental Floss is mostly marketed by Colgate and Palmolive (India) Ltd, P&G under the brand Oral B,
ICPA Health Products Pvt. Ltd and Sinhal Metal Industries.
Imports and Exports of dental floss in 2012-13 is as given in the following table
Exhibit 86: import export - dental floss
code family
Imports
3306 33062000 30 ‘000kgs Rs.22.13 Crore
approx
Exports
3306 33062000 14.5’000kgs Rs.8.8 Crore approx
*source: DGFT, IMaCS analysis, DGCIS
The trend for export and import of dental floss is as shown:
191
Exhibit 87: Import export trend for dental floss
Exports Imports
10 25 22
8
8 20
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
6 15
4 10
5.6
2 5
0.015
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The imports are done majorly from China, Taiwan, Singapore and USA and the exports are done to
Bangladesh, Vietnam and Maldives.
192
Compression stockings and Compression Garments
Compression stocking are used improve the blood flow in legs. People suffering from varicose veins,
swelling or blood clotting are prescribed compression stockings by their doctors. They come with
different level of pressure and in two sizes, up-to knee high or to the top of the thigh.
Compression Garments are worn by people, as prescribed by doctors, post skin surgeries. They are
usually worn by patients who sustain a burn injury and post the surgery they are worn to avoid swelling
and for skin tightening. Compression garments are also being used post liposuction surgeries in India.
Such garments should apply pressure on the treated body part, be skin friendly and avoid any bacterial
growth. They custom made to the size of the patient and his body part. Compression garments can be
for whole body, just for the limbs, face or any part that is treated.
Market trends
Compression stockings for varicose veins: It is expected that there are about 4 lakh patients suffering
from varicose veins and swelling in legs in the country. These patients would usually buy stockings 3
times in a year. The average price of imported compression stockings for varicose veins is about Rs.70
per piece. The domestic consumption for compression stocking in 2012-13 is expected to be Rs. 6.5
crore and is expected to grow at CAGR of 5-6% y-o-y. The domestic consumption market shall be Rs.7.5
crore. The exports for the year 2012-13 are about Rs. 3.3 crore
Market size:
Exhibit 88: Market size - compression stockings
2012-13 2015-16(P)
Compression Stockings market in quantity (in million nos) 1.67 1.9
Compression stockings market in value (in Rs. crore) 10 11.3
Compression Garments are consumed by the survivors of burn injuries. According to World Health
Organization, over 10 lakh people in India are moderately or severely get burn injuries in India. It is
estimated that there are about 5 Lakh people who get hospitalised and require compression garments.
Similarly about 5000 liposuction surgeries are done in 10 major cities of the country. Post a liposuction
surgery also compression garments are required. Compression garments cost from Rs.400-1000 per
193
meter. The domestic consumption of compression garments is around Rs.100 crore in 2012-13 and is
expected to grow at a CAGR of 5% y-o-y to reach Rs. 116 crore by 2015-16. No inflationary increase in
the prices of the fabric has been assumed. Exports for the year 2012-13 are about Rs.50 crore
Exhibit 89: Market size compression garments
2012-13 2015-16(E)
Compression Garment in value (in Rs. crore) 150 173
*source: Industry survey and IMaCS analysis
Compression Stockings and Compression Garments: This segment is highly unorganized. Technomed
India Pvt. Ltd and Nomura DND are the major players in this category.
Imports and Exports of compression stockings and compression garments in 2012-13 are as given in the
following table:
Exhibit 90: Import export trend - compression garments
Applicable HS code HS codes Quantity Value (2012-13)
family (2012-13)
Imports
6115 61151000 (stockings) 692'000 Rs.4.9 crore
nos approx
approx
61152990 (garments) 4565 ‘000 Rs.9.4 Crore
nos approx
Exports
6115 61151000 (stockings) 466'000 Rs.3.3 Crore
nos approx
approx
61152990 (garments) 9396 ‘000 49.7 Crore
nos approx
*source: DGFT, DGCIS, IMaCS analysis
194
The trend for export and import of compression garment and stockings is as shown:
Exhibit 91: Import export trend for compression garments
Exports Imports
60 10 9.4
49.7
50 8
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
40
6
30 4.16
20.5 4
20
10 2
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Exhibit 92: Import export trend for compression stocking
Exports Imports
3.8
4 6
3.3 4.9
5
3
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
4
2 3
2 1.6
1
1
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Top countries of trade of compression stockings

Compression Stockings
Imports Exports
China Russia
Turkey Germany
Italy UAE
Switzerland Hong Kong
USA Netherland
195
*source: DGFT
Top countries of import and export of compression garments are as follows:
Compression Garments
Imports Exports
China USA
Korea UK
Bangladesh Belgium
Malaysia Netherlands
Thailand UAE
*source: DGFT
196
Surgical Sutures
The surgical suture is used for stitching together skin deformations, open wounds, organs and blood
vessels. The surgical sutures are classified into two categories –
 Absorbable suture - These get dissolved in the body and do not require removal
 Non-absorbable suture - These are sterilised sutures which need to be removed after a specified
time
The type of suture used depends upon the location of the required surgical intervention. The raw
material for sutures ranges from bovine intestine tissues to Poly glycolic acid (PGA), collagen, mono
filament polyester / polypropylene and multifilament nylon/polypropylene/polyamide
The type of suture used varies based on the area of application and type of medical intervention. They
could be either monofilament, multifilament or braided. Generally, absorbable sutures are used for
sewing internal body organs, while non-absorbable sutures are used for external injuries. However,
absorbable sutures are used in case of external injuries as well.
The general characteristics of sutures are given below:
 Sterilised (non-toxic)
 Hypoallergenic
 High tensile strength
 High knot security
 Flexible and smooth passage through tissues
 Good pliability
 Minimum tissue reaction
The type of suture used depends upon the location of the required surgical intervention. The raw
material for sutures ranges from bovine intestine tissues to Poly glycolic acid (PGA), collagen, mono
filament polyester / polypropylene and multifilament nylon/polypropylene/polyamide

The key purchase decision makers for surgical sutures are medical institutions and doctors. The
companies invest heavily on promotion of their products amongst surgeons, nurses and hospital
administrators to promote the usage and establish trust for the brand amongst these professionals.
These relationships translate into product sales going forward.
197
Consumption norms and the market size

The surgical suture is a 100% technical textile material except for the needle portion at one end of the
suture. The size of the needle and suture depend upon the wound and area of application. Johnson &
Johnson and Centennial Surgical, Suture India Ltd control over 65-70% of the market. Suture price varies
from Rs.1300 to 3500 per dozen. The market is expected to grow at 10% y-o-y. The market of sutures in
2012-13 is Rs.1000 crore and is expected to be Rs.1,331 crore in 2015-16.
The current market of surgical suture industry is given below:-

Exhibit 93: Market size - surgical sutures
2012-13 2015-16(P)
Surgical sutures market in India in
9.5-10 12.5 to 13
quantity ( Mill dozens)
Exports Value (in Rs. Crore) 260 346
Surgical sutures in Value ( in Rs.
1.000 1,331
Crore)
Key manufacturers
The surgical sutures market in India is dominated by Johnson and Johnson with its flagship Vicryl brand,
which has a market share of 60-65%, followed by Indian companies like Centennial Surgical Suture ltd,
Sutures India Ltd, Futura Surgicals Pvt. Ltd and Lotus Surgical Pvt. Ltd amongst others.
The imports and export of sutures

The import and exports of surgical sutures is as shown
Exhibit 94: Import-Export: Surgical Sutures
code family
Imports
3006 30061010
5402 54023990 29 million meters
Rs. 340 Crore
5404 54049010, 54049090 approx
5401 54011000 and others
Exports
198

code family
3006 30061010
5402 54023990 4 million dozens Rs. 260 Crore
5403 5403109 approx
5404 54049090 and others
Import export trend for surgical sutures is as follows

Exhibit 95: Import export trend for surgical sutures
Exports Imports
300 10 9.4
260
250 8
in Rs. crore
200 in Rs. crore

6
150 4.16
4
100
41 2
50
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Top Countries of Imports and Exports of Sutures are as follows:

Exhibit 96: Top trading countries
Sutures
Imports Exports
Korea Saudi Arabia
Germany Bangladesh
USA Malaysia
UK Bulgaria
USA
*source: IMaCS Analysis and DGFT
Quality Control and Standards – No BIS standard, manufacturers follow USP, European and American
Foods and Drugs Authority (FDA) standards
199
Orthotics and Prosthetics

Orthotics as defined by International Standards Organisation is “an externally applied device used to
modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal system”. For this
purpose doctors use braces of metal, foam and other materials. There is limited use of fabric, except for
strapping purpose.
According to the International Standards Organisation Prosthetic device is “an externally applied device
used to replace wholly or in part and absent or deficient limb segment”. Artificial limbs are made up of
metal and fibre. Doctors use stockinet fabric to fix the sockets of the limbs.
Market and Key Players of Prosthetics

It is estimated that there are about 25000 people in the country who are provided with artificial limbs.
Per limb about 3 meter of stockinet is used. The present market of TT fabric is estimated at Rs.15 Lakh
and it is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5% y-o-y, to reach Rs.17 Lakh in 2015-16.
Exhibit 97: Market size - prosthetics
2012-13 2015-16(P)
No of Artificial Limbs consumed ( in'000
Nos) 25 29
TT consumption ( in '000 Meter) 75 87
TT Consumption (in Rs. Lakh) 15 17
*source: Industry survey and IMaCS Analysis
Artificial Heart Valves and Heart Patches
Artificial heart valves are implanted in the heart of the patients who need treatment for valve related
diseases. The natural heart valve needs a replacement when two or more valves stop functioning
properly. Generally an open heart surgery is performed to replace the valve. There are two types of
artificial heart valves – Mechanical heart valve and Tissue heart valve
The mechanical heart valves last almost indefinitely, however, they need continuous treatment with
anticoagulants. The tissue valves on the other side do not need anti-coagulants; however, they have
shorter life span.
200
The heart valve has three parts, a metallic housing, a disc or ball which functions as occlude and a
sewing ring made of synthetic material. The functional requirement of heart valves are as follows:
1. Minimum regurgitation
2. Minimum trans-vascular pressure gradient
3. Non-thrombogenic
4. Low wear/tear
5. Minimal leakage
6. Appropriate valve orifice to anatomical orifice ratio
The mechanical heart valve consists of Ultra high molecular weight-polyethylene (UHMW-PE) disc, Low
density polyethylene plastic with knitted polyester sewing ring and a metallic housing. The Sewing Ring
is fabricated from extensively implant tested, 100% polyester material. The Sewing Ring fabric is warp -
knitted in a specific pattern using texturized yarn with superb tissue in growth and long term blood
compatibility. The design and fabrication of the sewing ring gives a firm and secure seating on the frame
and also permits rotation in the ring for proper orientation after suturing in place.
Heart Patches are made up of either Dacron or PTFE and are used to close the holes in the heart of new
born babies. Two of the more common holes in the heart are between two of the four chambers in the
heart. When a hole exists between the upper chambers, it is called an atrial septal defect or ASD. When
the defect is between the lower, bigger chambers, it is a ventricular septal defect or VSD.
Market and Key manufacturers

TTK Healthcare in collaboration with Sri Chitra Tirunal is the only domestic manufacturer.TTK has
capacity to produce 20,000 heart valves in a year. Other large foreign players who hold about 70-75% of
the market share are Edwards Life Sciences, St. Judes Inc., etc.
The current market of Heart Valves is about 50.000-55000 pieces with a value of about Rs.110 Crore. An
artificial heart valve would have a 2cm x 2 cm sewing ring fabric. The market of the TT component would
be around 2000 meter.
Exhibit 98: Market size - heart valves
2012-13 2015-16(E)
201
Quantity (in ’000 pieces) 50 - 55 65-75

Quantity of TT (in 2000 2662
Meter)
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources,
Heart patches used are about 1cm X 1 cm in size. They would cost about Rs.2500 -6000 for a large piece
that can be cut and used in more than one surgery.
The estimated market for heart patch is about Rs.75 Lakh. It is estimated to grow by 5% y-o-y and shall
reach Rs.87 Lakh
Exhibit 99: Market size - Heart patches
2012-13 2015-16(E)
Quantity (in ’000 pieces) 5 5.75
Value (in Rs. Lakh) 75 87
Quantity of TT (in 50 58
Meter)
*Industry survey and IMaCS Analysis
Import and Export of artificial heart valves

India is a major importer of artificial heart valves and most of the domestic demand is met by imports.
Exhibit 100: Import of artificial heart valves
code family
Imports
9018 90183990,90181990 and
45034 in nos Rs.99.45 Crore
others
Exports
Nil
The import trend for heart valves is as shown below
202
Exhibit 101: Import export trend for heart valves
Import
120
99
100
in Rs. crore
80
60 53
40
20
0
2007-08 2012-13
Import
203
Artificial Vascular Grafts
Vascular diseases are characterised by variations to the geometry and structure of the walls of the blood
vessels. Variations in the mechanical characteristics of the vessels result in multiple complications like
Thrombosis, Aneurysm and Arteriosclerosis
In order to function effectively, the grafts need to have special characteristics like – non-thrombogenic
surface, elasticity and compliance, long-term tensile strength, bio-compatibility, durability, bacteria
resistance, etc. The type of fabric used for prosthesis is woven fabric or knitted fabric. The knitted fabric
is easy to suture and well suited for aortic replacement however not for large diameter vessels. The
knitted fabric is porous and needs to be clotted with patient‘s blood before usage. On the other hand,
the woven fabric has the strongest construction but is difficult to suture. Most textile grafts for large and
medium artery replacement are made of either PET (polyethylene terephthalate, commercial name
Dacron) or PTFE (polytetrafluoro ethylene, commercial name Teflon).
Market and Key manufacturers

TTK Healthcare in collaboration with Sri Chitra Tirunal is the pioneer of vascular grafts in India. However,
products are still under clinical trials. TTK Healthcare is testing indigenously developed grafts with South
Indian Textile Research Association (SITRA). In 2012.Vascular Concepts has set up India’s first state-of-art
facility in Bangalore for R&D and production of vascular grafts. The current demand is met through
imports.
The current market of Vascular Graft is estimated to be around Rs.25 Crore.
Exhibit 102: Market size - vascular grafts
2012-13 2015-16(E)
Quantity (in nos.) 20,000 24000

Import and Export of Vascular Grafts is as given in the table below:
204
Exhibit 103: Import export - vascular grafts

code family
Imports
9018 90183990,90181990,90189099 ~18000 in nos Rs.22 Crore
and others
Exports
9018 90181990 4 in nos Rs. 0.5 Crore
The import trend for artificial grafts is as shown:
Exhibit 104: Import export trend for artificial vascular grafts
Imports
25 22
20
in Rs. crore
15
10
4.5
5
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
205
Hernia Mesh
Hernia Mesh is used in hernia repair and abdominal wall replacement, where mechanical strength and
fixation are very important. The long term function of the mesh is optimised by adjusting the porosity
and the texture of the mesh.
The mesh could either be woven or knitted based on the requirement of strength. Polypropylene,
Polyester mesh is primarily used in hernia repair as it is resistant to infections. GOR-TEX is also used for
making mesh for hernia repair. The size varies from 2‘‘x4‘‘to 10‘‘x14‘‘.
Market and Key Manufacturers

Hernia repair is one of the most common surgeries performed all over the world. The same is true about
India. With more than a billion population, the number of hernia patients in India perhaps runs in
millions. According to a research and consulting firm Global Data, India is poised to hold 37% of the
global hernia repair market by 2019 and holds about 30% of the global market in 2012.It is estimated
that there are about 2 million hernia surgeries done in India.
Dr.M.P.Desarda has introduced a new technique of hernia operation, called the Desarda Technique. This
is tension free pure hernia repair, where no complicated dissection is done.
TTK Healthcare and Johnson & Johnson are the key market players along with Lotus Surgicals Pvt. Ltd.
The market for hernia mesh is expected to be Rs. 160.7 Crore. It is expected to grow at a CAGR of 15% y-
o-y and shall be Rs.244 crore market by 2015-16.No inflationary increase in the price of the mesh has
been assumed.
Exhibit 105: Market size - artificial mesh
2012-13 2015-16 (E)
Value (in Rs. Crore) 160.7 244

Import and Export of Hernia mesh is as given in the table below:
206
Exhibit 106: Import export - artificial mesh

code family
Imports
9021 90213900
9018 90181990,90183990 and ~58000 nos Rs.4.7 Crore
others
Exports
9018 90181990, 90183990 and
~8100 nos Rs.0.72 Crore
others
Exhibit 107: Import export trend for Hernia Mesh
Imports
10 9
8
in Rs. crore
6 4.7
4
2
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
Artificial heart valves, vascular grafts, heart patches, and mesh are majorly imported from Denmark,
Ireland, France, USA, Australia, Germany and China.
207
Artificial Ligaments
An artificial ligament is medical device for joining ends of two bones. The artificial ligaments are made
from man-made fibres like polyester. The usage of the ligament varies based on type of operation. The
artificial ligaments are generally subject to lot of wear and tear. They also carry a risk of septic arthritis.
Ligament is a multilayered or tubular woven structure having intra-articular region, at least one bend
region and end regions. Each region is woven so as to possess the required flexibility and strength.
Polyethylene Teraphthalate (PET) is primarily used for manufacturing artificial ligaments. The artificial
ligament must be bio-compatible with contact blood and tissue and should have good bonding strength.
Artificial ligaments are imported and the market estimated to be as follows:
Exhibit 108: Market size - artificial ligaments
2012-13 2015-16(E)
Artificial Ligaments consumption in value (in Rs. crore) 3.2 3.7

Import and Export of ligaments is as given in the table below:
Exhibit 109: Import & export - artificial ligament
code family
Imports
9021 90212900 ~1900 nos Rs.3.17 Crore
Exports
9021 90211000 ~37 nos Rs.0.15 Crore
208
Exhibit 110: Import export trend for artificial ligaments
Imports
4
3.17
3
in Rs. crore
2
1.25
1
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
Artificial ligaments are majorly imported from Germany.
Artificial Joints
The orthopaedic joints are used for patients suffering from arthritis and accidental damage of joints. The
joints are made such that they are compatible with the human body.
The artificial joints are primarily made of Titanium, Stainless Steel and Chromium Cobalt, materials
which exhibit compatibility with the human body. The technical textile component in joints is Ultra High
Molecular Weight High Density Polyethylene (UHMWHDPE) material. This material is self lubricating and
with extremely low friction.
The UHMWHDPE is a technical textile product which varies based on the product or type of joint
replacement

A few manufacturers of artificial joints in India are TTK Healthcare Ltd and Narang Medical Ltd. Other
players in the market are Smith & Mathew Orthopaedic India, Zimmer India Pvt. Ltd, Globus Medical
India Pvt. Ltd etc. The current market is expected to be around Rs.108.5 Crore growing at a rate of about
15% y-o-y.
209

2012-13
Quantity (in ‘000 nos.) 111

Import and Export of artificial joints is as given in the table below:
Exhibit 112: Import export - artificial joints
code family
Imports
9012 90213100,90213900 and Rs.85.2 Crore
~87000 nos
others
Exports
9021 90213100,90213900 and Rs.13.5 Crore
~17200 nos
others
Exhibit 113: Import export trend for artificial joints
Imports Exports
100 85.2 15 13.5
80
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
10
60
40
5
20 5
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Imports Imports
210
Extra Corporeal
Such medical devices that are used externally and not implanted with in the body have been categorised
as extra corporeal. The following are the devices under this category:
 Artificial Kidney
 Artificial Liver
 Artificial Lungs
Artificial Kidney / Dialysers

Kidney serves the filtering mechanism of the blood. The kidney has a mechanical substitute in kidney
dialysis machine. The kidney dialysis machine is outside the body and purifies the blood using a filter
called the haemodialysor. The haemodialysor is made primarily of polysulphone and polyacetate.
The main element in a dialyser is a semi permeable membrane through which small molecules can pass
by diffusion. Dialysers are encountered in medical work in renal dialysis where unwanted small
molecules (e.g. urea) and water can be removed from the body. Haemodialysers (sometimes called
artificial kidneys) take blood from the body and pass it along one side of the dialysing membrane so that
unwanted small molecules may diffuse into a special dialysing fluid passing along the other side. Small
molecules which need not be removed are included in the dialysate so that there is equal diffusion of
these molecules in each direction.
The primary function of the artificial kidney is to purify the blood. The filtration medium used is hollow
viscose or hollow polyester fibre. The typical characteristics of the fabric are:
 Low linting,
 High durability,
 Good capillary action,
 Good absorbency,
 Biodegradability and
 Inert behaviour
211

There are no manufacturers of artificial kidney in India presently, except Nipro Corp. The Japanese
company has set up India’s first artificial kidney manufacturing plant in Pune in 2012-13.India is a net
importer of artificial kidney. The membrane or dialysers are 100% technical textile products made up of
polysulphane and polyacetate.
The current market of Artificial Kidneys is about Rs.48 Crore and projected to be Rs. 64 crore in 2015-16.
Most dialyzers have membrane surface areas of 0.8 to 2.2 square meters
Exhibit 114: Market size - artificial kidney
2012-13 2015-16(E)
Quantity (in Million nos) 1.97 2.6
Quantity of TT (in Mn Sqm) 4 5.3

Import and Export of artificial kidney is as given in the table below:
Exhibit 115: Import export - artificial kidneys
code family
Imports
9018 90189031 1.92 million nos Rs.46.7 Crore
Exports
Nil
212
Exhibit 116: Import export trend for artificial kidneys
Imports
60
48
50
in Rs. crore
40
30 25
20
10
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
Nipro India Corporation Pvt. Ltd, a subsidiary of Nipro Corporation Japan has set up an artificial kidney
manufacturing plant in Shirwal, Pune. This is the only manufacturing plant of artificial kidneys in India.
Artificial Liver
Earlier, artificial support systems were not widely used in cases of liver failure, primarily because hepatic
toxins are albumin-bound unlike most uremic toxins and hence cannot be removed by conventional
dialysis. Recently, advances have been made for the removal of hepatic toxins making it now possible to
support the patient with liver failure till the liver recovers or until liver transplantation is feasible.
The major artificial liver support systems are – Peritoneal dialysis, Haemodialysis, Haemofilteration,
Continuous renal replacement therapy, Charcoal Haemoperfusion, Plasma exchange, Biologic – DT
sorbent System and Molecular adsorbent recirculating system. In this system, patient's blood or plasma
is pumped into bioreactors, which are hollow fibre devices, seeded on the dialysate side with freshly
isolated or cryo-preserved porcine hepatocytes or transformed human hepatoma cell line.
Apollo Hospitals have done more than 500 liver transplantation surgeries in India. Cadaver donation or
donation from brain dead patients is still the main source of transplants. The artificial lung does have a
niche market in India. The cost of a liver transplantation is around Rs.25-35 Lakh.
213
Artificial Lung
Totally artificial lungs are not completely commercial. However, heart-lung machines are available in the
market. The artificial lung device is connected to the heart‘s right ventricle. It relies on the heart—not a
mechanical pump—to send blood through the lung, where it receives oxygen (and offloads carbon
dioxide) as it flows through the arrays of microfibers or membrane oxygenators. Oxygen rich blood
passes from the device into the left atrium and then to the rest of the body. The microfibers or the
membrane oxy-generator are the technical textile component in the device.
214
3. Mobiltech
Mobiltech segment of technical textile products includes applications in automotive and automotive
components (including aircrafts and railways).
List of Products
The key technical textile products covered under Mobiltech are as given below:-
 Nylon tyre cord
 Seat belt webbing
 Airbags
 Car body covers
 Seat upholstery/fabric
 Automotive carpets
 Headliners
 Insulation felts (NVH components)
 Sun visors / sun blinds
 Helmets
 Airline disposables
 Webbings for aircrafts
 Aircraft upholstery
 Railways seating fabrics
215

The total estimated market size of Mobiltech is estimated to be Rs. 6,607 crorein 2012-13, with nylon
tyre cord taking 60% share in the segment. Other key product is helmets that has about 15% share. Seat
covers and technical textiles used in interiors upholstery constitutes about 21% of the Mobiltech
segment by value. The demand in this segment is directly fuelled by the growth of automotive industry.
The domestic consumption in Mobiltech stands at Rs. 6,483 Crore and exports total a Rs. 124 Crore. It is
projected to grow at a rate of 12% reaching Rs. 9,173 crore by 2015-16 and Rs. 11,433 crore by 2017-18.
Exhibit 117: Market size for Mobiltech
Mobiltec
2012-13 2013-14 (P) 2015-16 (P)
h
Domestic
Produ Impor Expor Marke Expor Dom Expor Dome
2012-13 Unit Consumpti
ction ts ts t Size t estic t stic
on
Tyre 91.2 49.6 1.02 139.8 140.8 1.2 156.6 1.5 196.4
‘000 MT
Cord
2,571 1,420 21 3,970 3,991 24 4447 32 5,578
Fabric INR
216
Mobiltec
2012-13 2013-14 (P) 2015-16 (P)
h
Domestic
on
Crore
mn
10 37 20 27 47 22 30 27 36
Seat belt metres
webbing INR
62 90 32 120 152 35 132 42 160
Crore
Airbags Mn - 4 - 5
-- 3- - 3 3
(TT Sqm
compon INR 109 144
-- 94.48 94.48 94.48
ent) Crore
1,044.
Mn. 782.8 2.04 - 784.8 784.8 - 863.4 -
Car body 7
Nos
covers
INR - 52 - 63
47 0.03 - 47 47
Crore
Seat Lakh
covers linear 343 78 9 412 421 11 453 14 548
fabric/u metres
pholster INR 82 792 109 959
529.8 261.8 71.3 720.3 792
y Crore
Automot Mn 0 17
15 0 0 16 16 0 21
ive Sqm
interior INR 0 173
148 9.4 0 157 157 0 209
carpets Crore
Headline Mn
7 1 - 8 8 - 9 - 11
rs (TT Sqm
compon INR
43 12 0 55 55 0 60 0 73
ent) Crore
17,25 20,87
15,684 - - 15,684 15,684 - -
Insulatio MT 3 6
n felts INR
115 3 0 118 118 0 129 0 157
Crore
Sun mn nos 6 2 - 8 8 - 9 - 11
visors/su INR
n blinds 86 19.5 - 105 105 - 118 - 148
Crore
mn nos 28 28 28 - 31 - 39
Helmets INR
1,015 1,015 1,015 - 1,126 - 1,388
Crore
TT usage - - - - - -
in
airlines( INR 3 77 80 80 - 89 - 112
upholste Crore
217
Mobiltec
2012-13 2013-14 (P) 2015-16 (P)
h
Domestic
on
ry and
airline
disposab
le)
Mn
TT usage 0 0 0 - 0 - 0
Sqm
in
INR
railways 1 1 1 - 1.3 - 1.47
Crore
INR 4,620 1987 124 6,483 6,607 141 7,229 183 8,990
Total Crore
*Value OF imports is of the entire air bag set up
Key players
 SRF Ltd.
 Supreme Nonwoven Ltd.
 Century Enka Ltd.
 Rane TRW Steering Ltd
 Uniproducts(I) Ltd.
 IFB Automotive Pvt. Ltd
 KSS Abhishek Safety Systems Pvt. Ltd.
Exhibit 118: Profitability of key players - Mobiltech

Company Name 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12
SRF Ltd. 285590 265350 7.8% 11.0%
Century Enka 83643 91129 1.4% 0.5%
Rane TRW Steering Ltd 6381 8095 5.2% 7.8%
Uniproducts(I) Ltd. -- 13823 -- -3.0%
IFB Automotive 17288 16199 2.3% 5.3%
Source: IMaCS analysis, annual reports, VCCedge, Capitaline
218

The Indian automotive sector is recovering now from a conspicuous slowdown of the past few years. Car
sales rose 3% in May this year after falling for two years, and then expanded by 15%, 5% and 15% in the
following three months, which had led many to consider it as a definite sign of an uptrend.6Riding on the
promise of a business friendly government at the Centre with a strong mandate the automotive sector
has already gone into the revival mode. However, growth perspectives for the sector are still only
cautiously optimistic.
The demand for Mobiltech textiles is completely driven by the indigenous production of vehicles in
India. This is yet to gain a firm trajectory and by our estimates shall grow by a realistic estimate of 10%
only in the coming three year horizon. Factoring this perspective in, the major products within
Mobiltech promising good growth are
 Seat covers fabric/upholstery

 Seat belt/webbing
 Automotive interior carpets
 Headliners (TT component)
 Insulation felts
 Sunvisors/sunblinds
Economic Times,
219
Tyre Cord
Tyre Cord Fabric is a type of industrial fabric made using High Tenacity Synthetic Yarn Cord in the warp
and has negligible density of weft just to hold the warps together. Tyre cord fabric provide the tyre its
fundamental properties such as shape, load carrying capacity, abrasion resistance etc7. Earlier polyester
tyre cords were popular but were gradually replaced by nylon tyre cord fabric. Nylon tyre cord provides
reinforcement for all types of tyres. Nylon tyre cord (NTC) is made from high tenacity continuous
filament yarn by twisting and plying. The major criteria for acceptance of any material in tyre are its
tensile strength, dimensional stability, durability, thermal stability, hysteresis and adhesion. However,
with the emergence of radial tyres, even nylon tyre cord fabrics face only modest prospects in the
coming future. Polyester tyre cord is used to a very small extent and the bulk of it is imported rather
than produced domestically.
Nylon 6 grey and dipped tyre cord fabrics having high strength, fatigue resistance, impact resistance,
high adhesion characteristics, are mainly used as reinforcements of bias tyres. The tyre cords are
generally available with the fabric characteristics of 930dtex, 1400dtex, 1870dtex, 2100dtex. The critical
specifications drive the characteristics such as Breaking strength, elongation, adhesion, ply twists and
hot-air shrinkage.

The tyre cord industry follows the movement of the tyre industry which in turn moves in tandem with
the automobile industry. In the past financial year, major tyre companies have seen a significant drop in
the sales turnover mirroring the drop of the general economy.

Based on industry insights, it is estimated that the total domestic consumption of tyre cord in India is
about 139,799 MT valued at Rs. 3,970 Crore.
Exhibit 119: Market size estimate of tyre cord
2012-13
Domestic consumption Quantity (in MT) 132,354
Value of domestic consumption (in Rs. crore) 3828
Bripranil Industries
220
2012-13
Exports of nylon tyre cord (in MT) 162.25
Exports of nylon tyre cord (in Rs Crore) 4.71
Market size of nylon tyre cord (in MT) 132,516.25
Market size of nylon tyre cord (in Rs Crore) 3,833.17
The tyre cord market has grown at 13% per annum during the last five years in terms of value which is
more on account of inflationary measures than real value growth. Thus, a truer indicator of the industry
can be taken to be the quantity consumption where there has been only a modest growth of 3%.

The key growth driver for the tyre cord industry is the tyre industry. The tyre production in India in the
past year has seen a drop as opposed to healthy growth in the first half of the past decade.
Exhibit 120: Tyre production in India
140 119 125 123
120 97
in million nos.
100 81 82
66 74
80 60
52 55
60 44
40
20
0
Source: ATMA, IMaCS Analysis
In accordance with the general trends of its consumer industry, the tyre cord consumption of India has
grown over the years as reflected in its 4% growth but can assume better growth rates once the general
economy and consumption is revived. With the revival of the automotive sector, and production picking
up the domestic consumption is expected to grow at 8% Y-o-Y in the three and five year horizon. Also,
growing exports of PTC (tyre cord) may contribute a robust 15% growth in exports.
An emerging trend in the tyre industry is radialisation. The Passenger Car Radial (PCR) level is almost
at 100% but the Truck and Bus Radial (TBR) level is way behind. The Indian Truck and Bus sector
221
currently had a radialisation of 9-10% in 2012, but is expected to catch up at a much faster rate
(Source: ICRA). A rise in radialisation will reduce the consumption of Nylon tyre cord.
Key Manufacturers
The tyre cord fabric industry is a relatively well organised industry since the consumer tyre industry is a
well organised industry too.
Major manufacturers of Nylon tyre cord include:
 SRF Ltd.
 Madura Industrial Textiles

Export of nylon tyre cord has seen a sharp decline over the last five years from 2007-08. Imports on the
other hand have risen consistently over the years.
Exhibit 121: Export Import of tyre cord - FYE13 vs. FYE08
Exports Imports
1420
22.5 1500
22
22
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
1000 800
21.5
21 500
21
20.5 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Exhibit 122: Export & import - tyre cords

Applicable HS code HS codes (2012-13)
family
Exports
5902 59021010, 59021090, Rs. 4.70 crore
Imports
5902 59021010, 59021090, Rs. 1,385.89 crore
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources, DGFT
Key imports of NTC come from countries of China, Korea, Switzerland, Germany, France and Brazil. Key
imports of PTC come from China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Korea and Hong Kong.
222
Seat belt webbing
Seat belts function as a safety harnesses which secure the passengers in a vehicle against harmful
movements during collision or similar incidents. Seat belts minimise injuries during accidents. Seat belts
are woven narrow fabric made from nylon filament yarns or high tensile polyester filament yarn. The
load specification is an important criterion for usage in vehicles.
The seat belts are made from nylon filament yarn or polyester filament yarn which is woven to produce
the webbing pattern. The linear density of synthetic yarns should be between 100dtex and 3000dtex,
preferably 550-1800dtex. The filament linear density should be between 5dtex and 30dtex, preferably 8-
20dtex. A typical seat belt is made of 320 ends of 1,100 dtex polyester each. Most weft yarns made from
polyester are 550dtex.The critical characteristics of the webbing are abrasion resistance, resistance to
light and heat, capable of being removed and put back in place easily and good retraction behaviour.
The load bearing capacity of seat belts is 1500 kilograms. The surface of the webbing is of particular
significance because its structure and properties decisively influence the retraction behaviour.

Based on industry survey and subsequent analysis, it is estimated that the total market size of seat belts
in India is about 109 lakh units valued at Rs.300 crore. The seat belt webbing (the strap) is the technical
textile in the complete seat belt assembly. The webbing is made of polyester or nylon. This technical
textile composition of seat belts as indicated by our industry survey is about 40 to 45%. Domestic
consumption of seat belt webbing is estimated to be Rs. 119.98 Crore and with exports at Rs. 31.81
crore the technical textile market for seat belt webbing is estimated at about Rs. 151.79 Crore.
Exhibit 123: Market size estimate seat belts
2012-13
Quantity of seat belts (in lakh units) 109 lakh units
Value of seat belts (in Rs. crore) 300
Domestic consumption of seat belt webbing (in million metres) 27.27
Value of domestic consumption of seat belt webbing (in Rs. crore) 119.98
Exports of seat belt webbing (in million metres) 20.19
Exports of seat belt webbing (in Rs. crore) 31.81
Market size of seat belt webbing (in Rs Crore) 151.79
223

The key growth driver for is the four wheeler vehicles and hence, the growth of seat belts is slated to
move in line with the growth in the four wheeler vehicles in India. This growth has taken quite a hit in
the recent times with production slowing down considerably over 2010 to 2013.
Exhibit 124: Automobile production trend
Automobile Production Trends(Number of Vehicles)
Year UVS MPV Passenger Total (Cars + UV + Y—o-Y growth of

cars MPV) Production
2008 246,038 105,333 1,426,212 1777583
3.43%
2009 219,498 102,128 1,516,967 1838593 28.22%
2010 272,883 151,908 1,932,620 2357411 26.53%
2011 313,142 216,533 2,453,097 2982772 5.47%
2012 370,945 237,954 2,537,170 3146069 2.78%
2013 564,928 239,434 2,429,199 3233561 3.43%
Source: SIAM, IMaCS Analysis
In tandem with its consumer industry, the seat belt consumption and thus, the webbing consumption of
India can grow only as fast as its main consumer - the four wheeler passenger vehicle production. Taking
into account the revival of the automotive sector in the recent times, a reasonable 10% growth in
domestic consumption and export markets for seat belt webbing is expected.

Both import and export of seat belt webbing has tabulated in Exhibit 125. The CAGR of exports at 39% is
far ahead of the growth of imports at 9% from 2012-13 over 2008-09 albeit on account of a lower base.
Exhibit 125: Import export trends of seat belt webbing
family
Imports
5806, 5911, 8708 58062000, 58063200, Rs. 89.69 crore
59119020, 59119090,
87082100, 87089900
Exports
5806, 5911, 8708 58062000, 58063200, Rs. 31.81 crore
59119020, 59119090,
87082100, 87089900
224
Imports
100 90
80
in Rs. crore
60
40
20 8
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
Key export destinations of seat belt webbing are Germany, Brazil, Indonesia, Japan and China. Key
countries from where India imports seat belt webbings are South Korea, Thailand, Germany, Japan and
Czech Republic.
Airbags
Airbags are inflatable protective equipment which reduces injuries during an accident or impact in co-
ordination with the seat belt.
The yarn / fabric generally used are nylon 66 or polyamide 66, lighter denier, lower dpf and silicone
coated. We have assumed usage of 1.8 square meter of fabric per airbag module.

The domestic consumption of technical textiles in airbags in India is estimated to be Rs. 94.48 Crore and
about 3.40 Mn Sqm. However, most of this consumption is met through imports of complete airbag
assemblies. Export of airbag assembly stands at Rs 12.38 Crore, putting the market size at Rs. 106.86 Cr.
Exhibit 126: Market size estimate air bags
2012-13
Domestic consumption of airbags in India (in nos) 18,89,666
Domestic consumption of TT component of airbags (in Mn Sqm) 3.40
Value of Domestic consumption of TT component of airbags (in Rs. crore) 94.48
225
Exports of airbags (in Rs. Crore) -

Market size of airbags (in Rs. Crore) 94.48

Consumption of airbags in India has still not caught up since the automotive market especially the four
wheeler passenger vehicle market in India is very price sensitive. Airbag installation in cars pushes up
the prices of a car significantly. Also, replacement of airbags after deployment implies similar cost. This
being the case low-end cars and M&HCV / LCV commercial vehicles still do not have airbags. The airbags
are typically fitted only in the high-end cars and higher end models of mid segment cars. Also, airbag
installation in cars is not mandatory in India. Thus, the technical textile consumption of airbags has shot
up in value fuelled by growth of number of high end/model vehicles. However, it has not resulted in
expansion of domestic manufacturing capacity for the same, with most of this consumption met by
imports which are cheaper than setting up manufacturing in India.
With the new Government at the centre and talks of rapidly introducing legislation for mandatory
airbags installation in cars, there now is a significant chance for the airbags to become a full fledged
OEM segment. In such a case, the demand for technical textile that goes into airbag assemblies shall
shoot up. The observed penetration of airbags stands at a miniscule 8% for domestic production.
Regulation shall push this number to a full 100% for passenger vehicles, at least. In addition, over a three
year period recovery of the auto sector shall also entail a 12-15% growth in realistic terms. Factoring in
both these growth factors, the airbags requirement is foreseen to grow at a rate of 15% CAGR over the
next three years.

The import export scenario outlined here is for airbag (inclusive of airbag assemblies) and thus,
represents value of airbag assemblies rather than technical textile of the airbags only. Both import and
export of airbag module assemblies have seen a spectacular rise over the last five years from 2007-08.
While imports have risen substantially from Rs. 129 crore to Rs. 440 crore at a CAGR of 28%, there has
been a increase in exports from Rs. 0.97 crore from Rs. 12 crore, which displays a steep CAGR of 66% on
account of a lower base effect.
Exhibit 127: Import export trends for airbag module assemblies
Applicable HS code family HS codes (2012-13)
226
Imports
8536, 8543, 8708, 9401 85369030, 85437029, 85437099, Rs. 439.89
crore
87082900, 87089500, 87089900,
94019000
Exports
8536, 8543, 8708, 9401 85369030, 85437029, 85437099, Rs. 12.38
crore
87082900, 87089500, 87089900,
94019000
# the above imports and exports are of the entire assembly of air bag and not just the technical textile component
Key countries from where India imports airbag modules are Republic of Korea, Germany, Thailand, Japan
and Philippines. Key countries whom India exports to are Botswana, U.S.A, Japan, Germany and Nepal.
Quality Standards
There are no Indian standards.
Key players
IFB Autoliv, Takata and Rane TRW are well equipped to enter this space.
227
Car upholstery: Seat cover fabrics
Car seat cover(s)/fabric are one of the largest segments of Mobiltech accounting for as much as about
12% of the Mobiltech market size in value terms. With rising income levels and growing popularity of
four wheelers amongst Indian families, consumption of seat cover fabrics in India has seen an expected
rise. However, the recent slowdown in automotive sector has prevented a full throated growth of this
segment.
Car seat covers comprise two components – the fabric which constitutes the part overlaying the seat
over which a passenger is seated and the other is the peripheral fabric which spreads over the remaining
of the seat. The former is designed to be more skin friendly and consists of PU laminated fabric and
generally has a higher price per unit than the peripheral component. However, for the purpose of this
study we have assumed a uniform distribution.

The market size of car seat covers is estimated at Rs. 791.69 Crore. Domestic consumption of seat covers
is estimated to be Rs. 720.34 Crore and 411.62 Lakh linear metres which have increased from the
estimates of 2007-08 of Rs. 402 Crore and 146.8 Lakh metres growing at a healthy CAGR of 22%. Exports
for seat covers contribute Rs. 71.35 Crore to the market size.
Exhibit 128: Market size estimate car upholstery

2012-13
Domestic consumption of seat cover fabrics (in Lakh of linear metres) 411.62 Lakh
Value of Domestic consumption of seat cover fabrics (in Crore) 720.34
Exports of seat cover fabrics (in Rs Crore) 71.35
Market size of seat cover fabrics (in Rs Crore) 791.69

Seat cover market is driven by two components – new car seat sales comprising demand from newly
manufactured vehicles and replacement market. The break of this market as per these drivers is given
below.
Exhibit 129: Contribution of car seat cover sales from new and replacement market for 2012-13
Contribution of car seat cover sales from new and replacement market for 2012-13
228
Contribution of car seat cover sales from new and replacement market for 2012-13
New Car seat covers market 2012 -13
Qty of seat cover fabrics (in Lakh of linear metres) 251.17 Lakh
Value of seat cover fabrics (in Crore) 439.55
Replacement Car seat covers market 2012 -13
Qty of seat cover fabrics (in Lakh of linear metres) 160.45 Lakh
Value of seat cover fabrics (in Crore) 280.79
The new car seat sales are directly dependent upon the production of passenger vehicles in the country.
In the face of recovery and an eminent turnaround in the sector, this product segment is expected to
grow at a rate of 10%. Exports are also expected to grow at a robust 15% in keeping with the trend
observed in the recent years for this segment.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers include:
 Shamken Multifab
 Bhilwara Melba
 Krishna Maruti
 Harita Seating Systems

The import export scenario for seat covers has been captured in the Exhibit 130.
There is a significant dearth of raw material of Automotive Dope Dyed (ADD) yarn which is the key raw
material for manufacturing seat cover fabrics and also results in imports constituting a significant 19% of
volume and an even larger 36% of value of domestic consumption.
Exhibit 130: Import trends car seat covers
family
Imports
3926, 5903, 6304, 39262029, 39269029, 39269099, 39269099, Rs. 261.85 crore
6307, 8708, 9401 59032090, 59039090, 63049291, 63079090,
87082900, 87089900. 94012000. 94018000,
94019000
Exports
3926, 5903, 6304, 39262029, 39269029, 39269099, 39269099, Rs. 71.35 crore
229
6307, 8708, 9401 59032090, 59039090, 63049291, 63079090,

87082900, 87089900. 94012000. 94018000,
94019000
Over the years there has been a significant rise in the value of imports of seat cover fabric as shown in
the graph below. Imports have grown from value terms of Rs. 30 Crore in 2007 -08 to Rs 262 Crore in
2012-13.
Exhibit 131: Import trend for seat cover fabric
Imports
300 262
250
in Rs. crore
200
150
100
50 30
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
Key countries from where India imports seat cover fabrics are Germany , Czech Republic, Republic of
Korea, Mexico and U.S.A. Key destinations for export of seat cover fabrics are U.S.A, Thailand, U.A.E,
Brazil and Saudi Arabia.
230
Car body covers
Car body covers are used to provide protection to vehicles against weather agent especially if no
covered space for parking (parking garage) is available.
The car body cover is a 100% technical textile product based on the raw material used. The car body
covers are made of a variety of fabrics including canvas covers, HDPE, PVC reinforced cotton material
and Nylon. Typically, price of a car body cover ranges from Rs. 600 to upward of Rs. 2000 for larger cars.

The domestic consumption of car body covers is estimated to be Rs 47.09 Crore and 784,872 units up
from Rs. 9 crore and 1.04 lakh units. Since, exports for the same are insignificant, we assume the same
to be the market size for car body covers. The domestic market is expected to grow at a rate of 10% in
the coming years as more and more people take to car covers to protect their vehicles.
Exhibit 132: Market size estimate of car body cover
2012-13
Market size of car body cover (in lakh nos) 7.85 Lakh nos
Value of car body cover (in Crore) 47.09
Key Manufacturers
Car body covers is a market dominated mostly by unorganised sector and a multitude of small players.

The imports and exports against car body covers are negligible.
231
Automotive carpets
All passenger cars have company fitted carpets. The carpets are laid in the cabin and parcel shelf at the
back. The carpets are primarily non-woven textile material. The usage of carpets varies based on the
interior designs which vary across car models. Usage of carpets in buses and other M&HCVs is minimal.
The automotive interior carpets are non-woven technical textiles, made primarily from polypropylene
fibres. The carpet is laid on the vehicle floor above which rubber mats are placed. The desired
characteristics of automobile interior carpets typically are as given below:
1. High durability
2. High abrasion resistance
3. Tensile strength – warp around 50 KGF and weft around 45 KGF
4. Low in-flammability
5. Good compression recovery
The fabric is around 500 GSM with a thickness of about 3mm.

Exports for automotive interior carpets are negligible. The domestic consumption and thus, market size
of automotive carpets is estimated to be Rs. 157.36 Crore and 15.74 Mn Sqm up from 13.6 million sq. m.
and Rs 136 Crore from 2007-08 growing at a CAGR of 3%.
Exhibit 133: Market size estimate of automotive interior carpets
2012-13
Quantity of automotive carpets (in Mn Sqm) 15.74
Value of seat cover fabrics (in Rs. Crore) 157.36

Key growth driver of automotive carpets is the passenger vehicle segment that has been growing over
the horizon of past ten years but has seen a slowdown from 2010 to 2013. It is this segment that is the
chief consumer of the product and thus, the key driver. With recovery setting in the automotive sector,
232
the domestic consumption of automotive interior carpets is expected to grow at 10% in the short term
of three to five years.
Key Manufacturers
The major producers of carpets in India include:
 Uniproducts India,
 Bajaj Carpets,
 Hitkari Fibres and
 Supreme Non-woven

The import export scenario for automotive carpets has been captured in the table below. Imports stand
at a value of Rs 9.36 crore and exports are insignificant amount of the total trade.
Exhibit 134: Import trends automotive interior carpets
Imports
3918, 3926, 4016, 5705, 8708 39181090, 39269099, 40169100, Rs. 9.36 crore
40169990, 57050090, 87089900
Exports
3918, 3926, 4016, 5705, 8708 39181090, 39269099, 40169100, --
40169990, 57050090, 87089900
Key countries that India imports from are China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, U. K, Germany and U.S.A.
Machinery details
The automotive interior carpets are non-woven (needle-punched) technical textiles, made primarily
from polypropylene fibres.
The needle punching machine is imported from Austria, Taiwan and China
1. Oerlikon Neumag GmbH, Austria – Fehrer needle punching technology
2. Shoou Shyng, Taiwan- SPL-03+SVP
233
Headliners
Headliners are used in passenger cars and multi/sports utility vehicles as non-woven light weight roofing
material. The cars were earlier fitted with knitted/woven fabric with hard cardboard type of backing.
The trend has changed and increasingly non-woven headliners are being used in vehicles.
A headliner is a composite material that consists of a face fabric with nonwoven or foam backing that is
adhered to the inside roof of automobiles. Most headliners consist of a tricot knit fabric that is knapped
to provide a soft touch and uniform appearance. The fabric is adhered with melted polyurethane foam.
This fabric-foam composite is glued to the interior fibreglass roof of the automobile.
Headliners non-woven fabrics have GSM in the range of 185-220 GSM. The desired characteristics of
headliners are good sound damping properties and good aesthetics. The manufacturing process and
material used varies across manufacturers and as per OEM specifications.

The market size (domestic consumption) of headliners is estimated at Rs. 54.63 Crore and 8.40 Mn Sqm
up from 4.41 Mn Sq. and Rs 28.70 Crore in 2007 – 08 growing at a CAGR of 13.8%. Exports for the
product are negligible.
Exhibit 135: Market size estimate of headliner
2012-13
Market size of headliner (in Mn Sqm) 8.40
Market size of headliner (in Crore) 54.63

the horizon of past ten years but has seen a slowdown in recent times. It is this segment that is the chief
consumer of the product and thus, the key driver. With recovery setting in the automotive sector, the
domestic consumption of automotive interior carpets is expected to grow at 10% in the short term of
three to five years.
234
Key Manufacturers
The major producers of automobile headliners in India include:
 Krishna Maruti
 Multivac India

The import export scenario for headliners has been captured in the table below. Imports stand at a
value of Rs 11.86 crore and exports are a negligible amount of the total trade.
Exhibit 136: Import trends of headliner
family
Imports
5603 56039400 Rs. 11.86 crore
Exports
5603 56039400 --
The imports of the segment have grown at a CAGR of 51% from Rs. 2 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 12 Crore in
2012-13.
Exhibit 137: Import trend of Headliner - TT Component - 2012-13 vs 2007-08
Imports
15
12
in Rs. crore
10
5
2
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
Machinery details
Typically the headliners are non-woven technical textiles made of PSF, polypropylene or polyurethane
core sprayed between two reinforcing layers. Needle loom is the key machinery for manufacturing
headliners non-woven. The needle looms are generally imported. One of the most famous needle punch
machine manufacturers in the world is Dilo (Germany).
235
Insulation Felts
Insulation felts, often known as NVH products (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness parts) are used for
acoustic and thermal insulation in the automobiles. These are Bonnet liner, Outer dash, Wheelhouse,
and Outer floor under shield. These parts not only provide noise protection inside the car but also a
reduction in the noise emission outside. Uses of NVH parts in automobiles started after introduction of
EURO norms in the sector.
The NVH products or insulation felts are 100% polyester non-woven technical textile products. These
products are classified based on the manufacturing process as needle-punched, phenolic resin bonded
and thermoplastic. The felts are generally soft and used with or without harder backing. The thermal
insulation products provide dissipation of heat at high temperature areas in the engine and under car
body. The NVH products combine noise and heat protection function into the integrated comfort
system.

Exports for insulation felts are negligible and thus the domestic consumption in itself constitutes the
market size for insulation felts. The domestic consumption of insulation felts is estimated to be Rs.
117.63 Crore and 15,684.35 MT.
Exhibit 138: Market size estimate of insulation felts
2012-13
Market size of insulation felts (in MT) 15,684.35
Value of Market size insulation felts (in Crore) 117.63

the horizon of past ten years but years but has seen a slowdown in recent times. It is this segment that is
the chief consumer of the product and thus, the key driver. With recovery setting in the automotive
sector, the domestic consumption of automotive interior carpets is expected to grow at 10% in the short
term of three to five years.
236
Key Manufacturers
The major producers of insulation felts are Uniproducts India and Supreme Treves Pvt. Limited, a group
company of Supreme Non-woven.

The import export scenario for insulation felts has been captured in the table below. Imports stand at a
value of Rs 2.57 crore and relevant exports are insignificant.
Exhibit 139: Import trends of insulation felts
Imports
5602, 7019 56021000, 56022910, 56022990, 56029090, Rs. 2.57 crore
70199010
Exports
5602, 7019 56021000, 56022910, 56022990, 56029090, --
70199010
Machinery details
The machinery used for manufacturing NVH components is primarily imported. The details are as given
below:
1. Opening and Blending machine – (Key supplier - Reisky and Schlese)
2. Needle Loom – (Key supplier - Dilo (Germany))
3. Foaming and Moulding machine
4. Lamination machine
5. Resin felt manufacturing machine
6. Thermo-bond interlining manufacturing machine
237
Sunblind/sun visors
The sunvisors are located in the interiors of a four-wheeler just above the windshield. The sunvisors are
used to block the light from the sun from entering through the windshield. The blinds can also be turned
to the front side window to reduce lateral sun exposure. There are two sunvisors in a car, one for driver
and the other for the co-passenger. However, the high end car models have up to four sunvisors.
Sun visor needs to effectively reduce the sun obstruction to the driver and passenger. Nowadays, a small
mirror is also fitted on one of the two sun visors (on one side). The blinds are primarily made of three
parts, the synthetic backbone made of polypropylene or kenaf fibres, scrim – coarse woven
reinforcement fabric and upholstery – typically artificial leather

The domestic consumption of sunvisors is estimated to be Rs 105.37 Crore and 8.11 million nos growing
at CAGR of 7.32% from Rs. 74 Crore in 2007-08. A good part of this consumption is catered to by
imports as can be seen from the numbers in the export import section. Since exports for sunvisors are
negligible we can assume the market size to be the same as the domestic consumption.
Exhibit 140: Market size estimate - sun blinds
2012-13
Market size of sunblind’s(in Mn nos) 8.11
Value of Market size of sun blinds (in Crore) 105.37

the horizon of past ten years but years but has seen a slowdown in recent times. It is this segment that is
the chief consumer of the product and thus, the key driver. With recovery setting in the automotive
sector, the domestic consumption of automotive interior carpets is expected to grow at 12% in the short
term of three to five years.
Key Manufacturers
The key manufacturers of automobile sun blinds are:
238
1. Krishna Grupo Antolin Pvt. Ltd., Pune

2. Mayur Industries Ltd., Haryana
3. The Krishna Polymer Technologies, Noida

India’s imports for sun blinds stand at about Rs. 19.5 Crore. India has negligible exports for sun blinds.
Exhibit 141: Import trends - sun blinds
family
Imports
3926, 6303, 8708 39269099, 63031200, Rs. 19.5 crore
87089900
239
Helmets
Helmets are used as protective headgear for two wheelers. The typical motorcycle helmet has an inner
layer of polystyrene or polypropylene foam and an outer layer made of plastic, glass, and other
synthetic fibres. The chief purpose of a helmet is to absorb the impact of a crash and thus prevent
primary injury to the brain, rather than preventing skull and face fractures. The outer shell prevents
sharp objects from puncturing the skull and also protects the inner liner upon contact with the road. The
inner foam lining is crushed following impact, thereby increasing the stopping time and distance of the
helmet. This, in turn, limits the accelerative forces on the brain, reducing the chance of primary brain
injury. The helmet consumption is mainly driven by the sales of two wheelers in the country. It also has
replacement consumption.
The two types of helmets available are:
1. Full face helmet
2. Open face helmet
The critical characteristics of the helmets are -- protection of head, clear vision through the visor, quick
release chin strap and appropriate ventilation (in case of full face helmets). The outer shell is made from
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) or Polypropylene or glass fibre plastic which is hard in nature. The
inner side of the shell is expected to provide cushion to the rider and is made from regulated density
concussion padding.

The domestic consumption for helmets is estimated to be at Rs 1,014.59 Crore (28.18 million units)
growing at a CAGR of 32% from Rs. 250 Crore (16.7 million units). Since, there are no exports of helmets;
we assume this to be the market size of helmets in India.
In our interactions with leading composites player, one of the observation shared was that helmets are
made up of composites that are glass fibres. A good quality helmet may contain roughly about 200-250
grams of glass fibres that provides it with lightweight toughness. This glass fibre is mostly imported as
imports provide the best and cheapest alternative.
240
Assuming that organized players of the helmet market use such fibres – a conservative estimate of the
glass fibre composites used in helmets would be 2818 MT and 56.37 Crore.
Exhibit 142: Market size estimate for helmets
2012-13
Market size of helmets(in Mn nos) 28.18 Mn nos
Value of Market size of helmets (in Crore) 1014.59

The key growth driver for the market of helmets is the sale of two wheelers in India. The growth of sales
in two wheelers has somewhat moderated over the period of last five years as can been from growth
Exhibit .This effect can be seen in the number wise consumption which has grown only at about 3% from
2007 -08. However, with a turnaround eminent in the automotive sector, the two wheelers segment is
also poised for growth. Factoring this in, the domestic consumption of helmet is expected to grow at
rate of 11% in tandem with the rebound expected in two wheeler sales.
Exhibit 143: Sale of two wheelers in India and corresponding year-on-year growth
Year 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Sale of Two Wheelers 7,249,278 7,437,619 9,370,951 11,768,910 13,435,769 13,797,748
Y-o-Y growth 2.60% 25.99% 25.59% 14.16% 2.69%
Source: SIAM. IMaCS Analysis
Key Manufacturers
Various international players like KBC (price range from Rs 3,600 to Rs 11,500) and Sparx (price range
from Rs. 3,600 to 5,600) are already present in India. The famous Indian brands of helmets are Spark,
Wrangler, Steelbird and Fasttrack which has joined this club recently.
241
Usage of technical textiles in airlines industry
The scenario of the Indian aviation industry has changed drastically in the period of past five years from
a comparison horizon of last ten years. Where the domestic traffic grew to about 70 million in 2006-07
at a CAGR of 30% over the period 2004 to 2007, it has stagnated substantially over the last five years. As
can be seen from the DGCA passenger traffic data, airlines have more or less stagnated over the period
of past five years. Even so, with growing popularity of air travel as a choice for masses, the domestic
market for technical textiles is expected to grow at 12% Y-o-Y in the near short term horizon of three to
five years. The main driver for this would be replacement and replenishment demand over and above
the growth of value due to inflation.
Exhibit 144: Indian Air traffic (Number of passengers carried in millions) for the past five years
Air traffic (No. of passengers in millions)carried for Indian airline industry

100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
ANNUAL - TOTAL (DOMESTIC + INTERNATIONAL) TRAFFIC

ANNUAL - TOTAL INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC
ANNUAL - TOTAL DOMESTIC TRAFFIC
Source: DGCA
Accordingly challenges such as, elevated fuel prices over coupled with intense competition and
unfavorable foreign exchange environment has again deteriorated the financial performance of airlines.
Price Sensitive traveller base which again adds to the woes of the airlines industry in India (Source:
ICRA). A stagnation or slowdown in this consumer industry accordingly ripples through into the demand
for technical textiles products for the industry.
Technical textile products used in India include airlines disposable, headrest covers, webbings in aircraft
seat belt and upholstery for aircrafts. The domestic production of these technical textiles shall be
242
updated pending meetings with industry player active in the relevant space. However, the imports
against these products which are a critical component with significant share have been tabulated in the
exhibits below.
Exhibit 145 : Import trends - aircraft webbings and upholstery

Product Applicable HS HS codes (2012-13)
code family
Imports
WEBBINGS - PARTS FOR 5407, 5902 54073090, 59022090 Less than Rs. 0.1
AIRCRAFTS Crore
UPHOLSTERY – AIRCRAFT 5112, 5403, 9401 51121990, 54034990, Rs 75.91 Crore
MATERIAL 54034990, 94011000,
94019000
AIRCRAFT HEADREST 4811, 4818, 6302, 48114100, 48189000, Rs. 0.76 Crore
COVERS 6304 63022200, 63029900,
63049230, 63049300
The demand driven consumption of technical textiles used in airline disposable is pegged at Rs. 2.5 Crore
which is mostly met by indigenous production.
243
Usage of technical textiles in railways
The Indian Railways

The Indian Railways is an over than 150 years old, one of the largest rail networks in the world, has
contributed significantly to the economic growth and the transport needs of the country. The
developmental role of the railways is particularly important in the context of both passenger and freight
sectors. In 2011, Indian Railways carried 21 million passengers and 2.54 million tonnes of freight traffic
daily over its 64,460 kilometre network. Fire retardant fabric is also used extensively in Railways. The
same has been covered under the Protech Segment.
The key Indian Railways statistics are as given below:
Exhibit 146: Statistics of Indian railways
Particulars 2011 Figures
Route Length 64,460 kms
Locomotives 9,213
Passenger Service Vehicles 53,220
Other coaching vehicles 6,493
Wagons 229,381
Railway Stations 7,133
Source: Indian Railways Year Book 2011
Key technical textile item used by the railways is the seat covers used to furnish our coaches.
Railways seat cover fabric

In Railways, the material for seat berths fabric is the key technical textile usage. Material used in the
berths is polyurethane foam and rexine cloth.
Rexine material is used in railway seat covers. The rexine material is constructed from single or multiple
poly vinyl film layers with choice of backing cloth. Synthetic cloth like polyester and rayon is used. The
rexine material is fire retardant coated fabric.
244

The railway seat cover fabric consumption is estimated to be Rs. 1.05 crore and 351,292 Mn Sqm of
rexine used in seat covers. The fundamental unit of consumption of seat cover in railways would be the
number of berths. The approximations and estimations used in arriving at the market size have been
tabulated the following exhibit. The domestic consumption is expected to grow at 5% per annum in the
near short term.
Exhibit 147: Market sizing of seat cover fabrics in railways
RCF Data Berths/Coach 2012-13
Non-AC 72 937
AC 72 225
Total Coaches - 1162
Non-AC Berths - 67464
AC Berths - 12375
Total Berths - 79839
Rexine (Quantity sq. m.) 4.4 sq.m /berth 351291.6
Rexine (Value in Rs crore) Rs. 34.5 /sq. m. 1.27
245
4. Packtech
Packtech, is the segment of technical textiles that includes various packaging materials ranging from
polymer based bags used for industrial packing to jute based sacks used for packaging food grains and
packaging used for tea.
The technical textile products covered under Packtech are as give below:-
 Polyolefin Woven Sacks (excluding FIBC)
 Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC)
 Leno bags
 Wrapping fabric
 Jute Hessian and Sacks (including Food grade jute bags)
 Soft luggage products (TT component)
 Tea-bags (filter paper)
 Nonwoven shopping bags
246
The market size for the Packtech has been captured in the exhibit below
Exhibit 148: Market sizing of Packtech

Packtech 2012-13 2013-14(P) 2015-16 (P)
Unit Produc Impo Expor Domes Market Expor Domes Expo Domes
s tion rts ts tic size t tic rt tic
1,309 3 641 671 1,313 693 752 808 943

Polyolefin KT
woven sacks INR
Cror
9,008 41 323 8,726 9,049 349 9,773 407 12,260
e
200 1 102 99 200 117 102 154 108

KT
FIBC
INR
Cror
3,200 9 1,542 1,667 3,209 1,773 1,717 2,345 1,822
e
50 - 1 49 50 1 57 1 75
KT
Leno Bags
INR 1,207.
Cror 800 - 6 794 800 7 913 9
5
e
165 - - 165 165 - 182 - 220

Wrapping KT
Fabric INR
Cror
2,150 - - 2,150 2,150 - 2,365 - 2,862
e
247
Packtech 2012-13 2013-14(P) 2015-16 (P)

Unit Produc Impo Expor Domes Market Expor Domes Expo Domes
s tion rts ts tic size t tic rt tic
1,428 11 155 1,285 1,440 186 1,413 268 1,710

Jute Hessian KT
and jute Sacks INR
Cror
10,665 84 1,157 9,592 10,749 1,389 10,551 2,000 12,767
e
Mn
17 7 1 23 23 1 27 1 39
Soft luggage(TT Sqm
component) INR
Cror
356 141 16.5 480 497 16.5 576 16.5 829
e
0.21 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 2
Tea bags filter KT
paper INR
Cror
503.7 39.2 0.03 542.9 542.9 0 651 0 938
e
Shopping 67,008 2,947 3,684 66,271 69,955 4,237 70,910 4,237 81,185
KT
bags(Spun
bond
nonwoven) INR 1,185.
Cror 938 85 55 968 1,023 63 1,036 83.8
7
e
INR
Total incl. all Cror 27,583
27,621 399 3,100 24,920 28,020 3,592 4,841 33,871
products e
P: Provisional
Technical textiles market size under Packtech is estimated at around Rs 28,020 Crore in 2012-13. Jute
hessian and sacks (including Food grade jute bags) account for around 38% of this followed by PP Woven
sacks (excluding FIBC) with around 32% share. FIBC and wrapping fabrics account for around 19% of the
total usage. Usage of technical textiles in soft luggage products, leno bags, tea-bags and shopping bags is
little more than 10% of the total usage in Packtech. The market for Packtech is projected to reach Rs.
38,833 crore by 2015-16, growing at 11% CAGR and further to Rs. 48,318 crore by 2017-18.
248
Exports of Packtech products (technical textiles component) from India have been estimated at almost
Rs 3100 crore. Imports are a much smaller percentage at about Rs. 318 Crore.
The domestic consumption of technical textiles under Packtech is expected to increase by about 8 –
12%.
Key players
 Gujarat Raffia Industries

 Cheviot Ltd
 Gloster Ltd
 Jagdamba Polymers Ltd.
 Rishi TechTex Ltd.
 Jumbo Bag Ltd
 Flexituff International Limited
 Texplast
 Gopala Polyplast Ltd
 Big bags International Ltd
Exhibit 149: Profitability of key players - Mobiltech

Company Name 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12
Gujarat Raffia Industries 1814 1365 2% 2%
Cheviot Ltd 31565 29317 11% 10%
Gloster Ltd 41376 29017 6% 6%
Jagdamba Polymers Ltd. 2841 2570 4% 3%
Jumbo Bag Ltd 6815 6137 0% 1%
Flexituff International Limited 49418 42462 4% 6%
Texplast -827 776 1% 1%
Gopala Polyplast Ltd 6634 5872 1% 1%
Big bags International Ltd -2050 277 2% 2%
249
Indian Raffia Industry

The Raffia Industry can be categorized into six main categories depending upon the type of woven bag
made. They are namely:
 Polyolefin Woven Sacks (excluding FIBC)
 Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC)
 Tarpaulins
 Leno bags
 Lamination
 Wrapping fabric
 Others
Exhibit 150: Break -up of Raffia industry

Break-up of the Indian Raffia Industry
Wrapping Others
fabric 7.10%
Lamination 8.90%
1.00%
Leno
0.20%
PP/HDPE
Tarpaulins
Woven Sacks
6.50%
65.90%
FIBC
10.40%
Source: Industry reserach, IMaCS Analysis

For around 50% of the applications above, Polypropylene (PP) is used exclusively (cement, etc.). For
around 7.5% applications, (Polymer, lamination etc.), Poly Ethylene (PE) is used. The remaining 42% is an
overlap of PP & PE where either can be used (Fertilizer, wrapping fabric, chemicals, cattle feed, food
grains, sugar etc). Indian Raffia industry is estimated to grow at 5-6%.
The current market estimates of Raffia industry is given below:-
Exhibit 151: Market size estimate of Raffia Industry
2012-13
Quantity (in MT) 1.40 Million MT
Value (in Rs. crore) Rs. 18,200 Crore
250
Key manufacturers
Though the Raffia industry is spread all over India, it is mainly concentrated around the region which has
major fertilizer and cement players like the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan,
Karnataka, MP and Tamil Nadu. Though there are several small scale units, there are a few big players
with capacity as high as 36,000 MT per annum. Thus the player size ranges from 200 MTPA to 36,000
MTPA with average size of about 300 MTPA taking into account all players of the industry and its total
capacity.
Exhibit 152: Revenue of key manufacturers

Manufacturer Year Sales of company
(Rs Crore)
Jai Corp Ltd. 2012 - 13 634.34
Neo Corp International Ltd. 2012 - 13 424.23
Bajaj Steel Industries Ltd. 2012 - 13 285.23
Narendra Plastic Pvt. Ltd. 2012 - 13 284.23
Flexituff International Ltd. 2012 - 13 863.35
Ashok Polymers Ltd. 2012 - 13 99.62
KG Petrochem Ltd. 2012 - 13 97.05
Texplast Industries Ltd. 2012 - 13 89.46
Polyspin Exports Ltd. 2012 - 13 82.55
Marvel Industries Ltd. 2012 - 13 66.51
Mewar Polytex Ltd. 2012 - 13 44.07
Rishi Techtex Ltd. 2012 - 13 35.53
Pankaj Polymers Ltd. 2012 - 13 31.25
Gujarat Raffia 2012 - 13 27.59
Deccan Polypacks Ltd. 2012 - 13 23.24
Karnavati Alfa International Ltd. 2012 - 13 5.49
Promact Plastics Ltd. 2012 - 13 3.66
Source: Capitaline, Annual reports, Company Websites, Industry survey
251
Polyolefin Woven Sacks (excluding FIBC)
Polyolefin (HDPE/PP) woven sacks are versatile packing materials used extensively in the packing of
cement, fertilizers, thermo plastic raw materials, food grains, sugar etc. The list of user-industries where
they are used is:
1. Cement
2. Fertilizers
3. Chemicals
4. Food Grains
5. Cattle Feed
6. Salt
7. Sugar
8. Polymers
9. Sacks - Export
10. Others
Exhibit 153: Product characteristics - HDPE bags
HDPE Bag Capacity Weight of the HDPE Bag (100% TT)
50 kgs 110 – 116 grams
Cement bags on an average weigh 70g and fertilizer bags 130g.
Exhibit 154: Woven bag details
WOVEN BAG FABRIC DETAILS
Material PP / HDPE
Fabric Weave 5x5 to 14x14 per sq. in. OR 20x20 to 56x56 per sq. dm.
Tape Standard 2.5 mm. width.

Specification Denier: 500 D to 2000 D
Fabric Colour Natural, Milky or coloured
252
WOVEN BAG FABRIC DETAILS
Additives Ultra Violet Stabilized. TiO2, CaCO3 or antislip coated or

as specified.
Lamination Laminated or Unlaminated
APPLICATIONS Fertilizers, Cement, Sugar, Food grains, Salt, Flour, Cattle

Feed, Seeds, Sand, Chemicals
The various advantages that HDPE/PP bags have conventional packing materials are:
 Higher Strength
 Light Weight
 Minimal Seepage
 Moisture Proof
 Long Lasting (Durable)
 Cheaper (as it can be reused)

The domestic consumption of market size for Polyolefin sacks is estimated to be Rs. 8726.28 Crore and
671.25 KT up from Rs 6,725 crore at 2007 – 08 growing at a CAGR of 5.35%. Exports for the same are at
Rs. 323.23 Crore which bring the market size to Rs. 9049.51 Crore.
Exhibit 155: Market size - woven poly-olefin bags
2012-13
Quantity of domestic consumption (in KT) 671.25
Value of domestic consumption(in Rs. crore) 8726.28
Value of exports (in Rs. crore) 323.23
Market size of exports (in Rs. crore) 9049.51
253

The market for polyolefin woven sacks would track the growth of these driver industries chiefly cement
and fertilizers which are the biggest consumers of polyolefin sacks both put together nearly at 50%.
With a new Government in place that is expected to boost infrastructure spending, polyolefin sacks are
expected to grow significantly. The domestic consumption is expected to grow easily by 12% and
exports are expected to grow at a rate of 8% Y-o-Y in the short term horizon of three to five years.
Impediments to growth
This industry is highly sensitive to the prices of HDPE/PP granules which are its key raw materials
constituting about 60% of the total input. With the prices of polymer granules increasing sharply, the
woven sack manufacturers are finding it increasingly difficult to maintain competitive prices of their
bags. To maintain the prices, the percentage of ‘Filler’ material being used is increasing. Increased usage
of filler brings the cost of the bag down but the strength and the quality is also lowered. To protect the
interest of the end users of these woven sacks Government of India plans to setup a limit up to which
fillers can be used for every end user segment. This will significantly increase the price of a HDPE bag.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers in the polyolefin sacks industry are:
 Asia Pack
 Ganpati Plastfab
 Gopala Polyplast
 Guj. Raffia Inds
 Jumbo Bag
 Kanpur Plastipa.
 Karur KCP Pack.
 KG Petrochem
 Mewar Polytex
 Neo Corp Intern
 Pankaj Polymers
 Pankaj Polypack
 Pithampur Poly
 Planter's Poly
 Polyspin Exports
254
 Promact Plastics
 Rishi Tech.
 Salguti Industries
 Sh. Jagdamba Polymers
 Stanpacks(India)
 Texel Inds.
 Texplast Inds.
 TPI India
Besides the leading ones mentioned above, there are various other players spread across the country.

The import export scenario for polyolefin sacks is captured in Exhibit 156.
Exhibit 156: Import Export trends for polyolefin sacks industry
HS code Applicable HS codes 2012-13
family
Imports
3923, 3926, 39231010, 39232100, 39239090, 39261099, 39269080, 63051090, Rs. 41.54
6305 63053300, 63053900 crore
Exports
3923, 3926, 39231010, 39232100, 39239090, 39261099, 39269080, 63051090, Rs. 323.23
6305 63053300, 63053900 crore
Key export markets for polyolefin sacks are U.S.A, Tanzania, Spain, Chile, Brazil and United Kingdom.
Nations sending bulk of the imports are Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, China and Malaysia.
Machinery details
The main machine required for woven sacks manufacturing are the Shuttle Loom and circular looms.
The main suppliers of these looms in India are:
 Lohia Starlinger Limited
 J. P. Industries
 Kabra Extrusiontechnik Ltd. (KET) – Kolsite
 Windsor Machines Limited
255
Quality Standards
 IS 6899:1997 Textiles - High density polyethylene (HDPE) woven fabrics
 IS 8069:1989 High density polyethylene (HDPE) woven sacks for May packing pesticides
[amalgamating IS 8069(Part 2):1981]
 IS 9755:2003 Textiles - High density polyethylene (HDPE)/Polypropylene (PP) woven sacks for
packing fertilizers
 9 IS 11652:2000 Textiles - Woven sacks for packing cement - High density polyethylene/
Polypropylene
 IS 12100:1987 High density polyethylene (HDPE) woven sacks for packing flour
 IS 14252:2003 Textiles -High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)/Polypropylene (PP) woven bags for
filling sand
 IS 14887:2000 Textiles - High density polyethylene (HDPE)/ polypropylene (PP) woven sacks for
packing food grains
 IS 14968:2001 Textiles - High density polyethylene (HDPE)/polypropylene (PP) woven sacks for
packing 50 kg/25 kg sugar
256
Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs)
Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC), popularly known as “Jumbo Bags”, is similar to the
HDPE/PP bags but that of a larger size. FIBC’s are one of the most cost effective and ideal types of
packaging for shipping and storing dry bulk products. They can be produced from either tubular or flat
polypropylene (PP) woven fabrics. These fabrics can be coated or uncoated and vary in terms of weights
depending upon the requirements of the Safe Working Load (SWL), or Safety Factor (SF).
There are three types of FIBC bags

 Panel Type
 Circular woven
 Baffle type (Square bags)
The general bag specifications used in the industry are as follows:
Exhibit 157: Specifications of FIBC bags
Capacity Empty size Filled diameter Applications
(cubic feet) width (inches) X (inches)
depth (inches)
For higher bulk density products
5 to 20 29 X 29 to 31 X 31 38
or smaller weight requirements
Most common sizes for all
21 to 75 35 X 35 to 37 X 37 46 products. Used in truck shipments
and export containers
For smaller bulk density products
76 and above 41 X 41 to 43 X 43 53 or where height restrictions
occur. Used for rail shipments
In general the approximate weight of FIBCs is as follows:

Exhibit 158: Weight of FIBC bags
Type of bag Weight in grams
Builder bag 900-1200
Technical bag 1800-2200
Speciality bag 1800-2400
257
Exhibit 159: TT component in FIBC

FIBC Bag Capacity Weight of the FIBC Bag (100% TT)
500 kgs 1-2 kg
These bags have capacities ranging from 500-4000 kgs. The weight of fabric varies from 180-275 gsm.
FIBCs can vary from 900 gms to 3 kgs in weight depending upon the bag properties and weight to be
carried.

The market for FIBC containers is estimated to be at Rs. 3,208.63 Crore and 200.30 KT. Domestic
consumption of FIBC in India is estimated to be at about 98.76 KT and exports to be at 101.54 KT.
Exhibit 160: Market size estimate of FIBC
2012-13
Domestic consumption of FIBC(in KT) 98.76
Value of domestic consumption of FIBC(in Rs. Crore) 1667.04
Exports of FIBC8 (in KT) 101.54
Value of exports of FIBC (in Rs. Crore) 1541.59
Market size of FIBC (in KT) 200.30
Value of market size of FIBC (in Rs. Crore) 3208.63

Consumption of FIBCs by various industries esp. Key consumer like soda ash industries also depends a
great deal on how well the industry is equipped to handle FIBC since handling of these FIBCs requires
special equipment. This has grown at a CAGR of 7%. Going forward the domestic market is expected to
grow at a conservative 3% with exports fuelling the growth of market size. Exports are expected to grow
easily at 15% Y-o-Y in the short term horizon of three to five years.
258

The imports and exports of FIBCs are captured in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 161: Import export trends for FIBCs
HS code family Applicable HS codes 2012-13
Imports
3932, 6305 39232990, 39239090, 39269080, 63051030, 63053200, 63053900 Rs. 8.63 crore
Exports
3932, 6305 39232990, 39239090, 39269080, 63051030, 63053200, 63053900 Rs.1541.59 crore
Majority of the FIBCs exported from India find their way to China, Italy, France, Indonesia and Pakistan.
Machinery details
The main machine required for FIBC manufacturing is the Shuttle Loom. The main suppliers of these
looms in India are:
• Lohia Starlinger Limited
• J. P. Industries
• Kabra Extrusiontechnik Ltd. (KET) – Kolsite
• Windsor Machines Limited
259
Leno bags
Leno bags are excellent for packing & preserving vegetables like potato, onion, ginger, garlic, cabbage
etc. and fruits like pineapple, citrus fruits, raw mango, coconut etc.
The Leno bags have widths between 20cm to 72cm. The length also varies as per the
customer’s requirements. The mesh again is as per requirement with a maximum of 574 tapes
in the warp in different colours. Leno bags on an average weigh 50g (or less).
Exhibit 162: Key application - leno bags
Size (In cm) Application
Width x height
56.0 x 105.0 50 Kg Potato/ Onion
45.8 x 84.0 25 Kg Potato/ Onion
30.5 x 66.0 10 Kg Potato / Onion
The Leno Bag is made of netted fabric of virgin Polypropylene (PP) with colour Masterbatch.

The market size of leno bags is estimated to be at Rs 800 Crore and 50 KT. Domestic consumption of
leno bags is estimated to be ~Rs. 794 and 49 KT. The exports stand at ~ Rs. 6 Crore and about one KT.
Exhibit 163: Market size of leno bags
2012-13
Value of domestic consumption of leno bags (in Rs Crore) 794
Domestic consumption of leno bags (in KT) 49
Value of exports (in Rs. Crore) 6
Exports of leno bags (in KT) 1
Market size of leno bags (in Rs Crore) 800
Market size of leno bags (in KT) 50
260

The key growth driver for usage of leno bags is the fruits and vegetables industry. There is great
potential for the leno bags in India, India having significant production in Fruits and vegetable. Despite
the fact that India is the 2 nd biggest producer of fruit and vegetables in the world, this market has still
not been captured by Leno bags. Slow growth of agricultural produce is one of the reasons for slacking
acceptance of leno bags in the country overall. Leno bags are also suitable for cold storage which has
plenty of room to grow in India. With a small base to grow and a huge potential to tap into, the
domestic consumption and exports of leno bags both are expected to grow at 15% Y-o-Y in the near
future.

The export scenario of leno bags has been captured in Exhibit 164. The imports against leno bags for
India are negligible.
Exhibit 164: Export trends of Leno bags
Exports
3923, 5407, 39231010, 39231090, 39232990, 39239090, 54075290, 54075300,
Rs. 6
5516 55162300, 58013690
Crore
Most of these exports go to UAE, Malaysia, Australia, U.S.A., Qatar and Italy.
Machinery details
The main machine required for leno bags manufacturing is the Loom. The main suppliers of these looms
in India are:
Quality Standards
DOC.TXD 23(906) Textiles- Polypropylene (PP)/ High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Woven Leno Sacks for
Packing of Fruits and Vegetables
261
Wrapping fabric
Wrapping fabric is made out of HDPE/PP, cotton canvas, etc. Unlaminated PP/HDPE Woven Fabric is
mainly used for wrapping of paper rolls, paper bundles, steel coils, tyres, yarn cones etc.
Wrapping fabric weighs 50 to 200 gsm and its size varies from 20 to 210 cm. The fabric is generally
packed in roll form and can be run on automatic cutting and stitching machines.
Clear Woven Sheets (Natural Woven Laminated Sheets) are used for packing of used clothes etc. These
sheets are see through and are mainly used as a wrapping material. The most common size is 40" * 54"
with side lamination and weighs up to 100 grams.
Lumber Cloth is a wide width fabric used to cover huge logs of wood. It can either be one side or both
side laminated. It can be printed or non-printed as is available in roll form.

The market size for wrapping fabric is largely constituted by the domestic consumption of the country.
Domestic consumption is estimated to be at Rs 2150.35 Crore and 165.41 KT up from Rs 1350 Crore in
2007 -08 growing at a rate of 9.76%.
Exhibit 165: Market size of wrapping fabric
2012-13
Domestic consumption of wrapping fabric (in KT) 165.41
Value of domestic consumption of wrapping fabric (in Rs. Crore) 2150.35

These fabrics are widely used in industries such as paper bundles, wrapping of paper rolls, steel coils,
yarn cones, tyres etc. These fabrics can be utilized with automatic cutting & stitching machines for
manufacturing bags too. The domestic consumption of wrapping fabric is expected to grow at 10% Y-o-Y
in the short term horizon of three to five years.
Quality Standards
IS 6899:1997 Textiles - High density polyethylene (HDPE) woven fabrics
262
Soft Luggage
The luggage industry is classified into hard and soft luggage. Hard luggage is mainly the large travel bags
made from moulded plastic. Soft luggage is made out of woven fabrics like nylon and polyester. It
comprises of uprights, totes, duffle and sky bags which can be with or without wheels and handles. The
soft luggage today is becoming very popular due to the ease of carry as it is light and flexible. It includes
handbags, military backpacks, athletic backpacks, wallets, briefcases and other soft sided luggage items.
Outer dimensions of a soft luggage bag vary from 460mmX340mmX160mm to
790mmX620mmX280mm. The size of a small soft suitcase can vary from 20” to 31”.

The domestic consumption for soft luggage is estimated to be Rs.2,640 crore and the technical textile
component value is pegged at Rs. 480 crore and 22.53 million sqm. This is a CAGR of about 25% over a
base of Rs. 160 Crore market in 2007-08. Exports stand at Rs. 16.53 Crore, bringing the market size to Rs.
496.53 Crore.
Exhibit 166: Market size of technical textile component in soft luggage
Market size for soft luggage 2012-13
Domestic consumption of soft luggage in Value (in Rs Crore) 2,640
Quantity of Technical Textile (In Million Sqm) 22.53
Value of Technical Textile (in Rs Crore) 480.00
Exports of Technical Textile (In Million Sqm) 0.78
Exports of Technical textile component (in Rs. Crore) 16.53
Market size of Technical textile component (in Million sqm) 23.31
Market size of Technical textile component (in Rs. Crore) 496.53

Out of the total luggage industry, 30% is estimated to be hard luggage while 70% is soft goods by value.
The changing demographics and growing propensity of people towards soft luggage is reflecting in the
growth of the segment which boasts of a 15% growth as revealed by our industry survey. Polypropylene
makes up around 75% of the raw material pie for hard luggage. Hence, more and more people are
263
shifting from hard luggage to soft goods. In the soft goods market, around 50% of the market belongs to
the unorganised sector. The price of a soft luggage in the organized market ranges from Rs 1,200 to Rs.
12,000 depending upon its size, raw material, etc.
Today, most luggage and travel bags companies in India are following international trends and designs
closely because they are aware that the buyer is becoming more conscious of design and exclusive
patterns looking luggage/baggage. With more and more people travelling, manufacturers, exporters and
suppliers of handbags, bags, luggage and travel accessories ensure that each and every luggage item are
given away with ample safety features, theft-proof, sturdy and strong. On the back of a booming
travelling class and soft luggage market, the corresponding technical textile market is also expected to
grow at 20% in the coming three to five years.
Exhibit 167: Particulars about the soft luggage industry
Particulars
% of soft luggage industry in total luggage 70%
Value of textile in the total value of soft goods 15%
Average price of fabric used in soft luggage Rs 213 per sq m
Share of organised sector in soft luggage industry 50%
Expected growth rate of the organised segment 15%
Expected growth rate of the unorganised segment 15%
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers in the soft luggage are mentioned in the Exhibit 168 with their corresponding soft
luggage sales.
Exhibit 168: Key manufacturers of soft luggage in India
Manufacturer Year Value*
(Rs crore)
VIP industries 2012-13 586.46
Samsonite India 2012-13 NA
Safari Industries 2012-13 93.40
Source: Capitaline, Company Annual Reports, Company websites, Industry Survey
*These are Net Sales figures for soft luggage for VIP and complete portfolio for Safari .
264
Soft goods market has an unorganised segment that accounts for about 50% of the total value. In the
organised segment, the leading players are VIP, Samsonite and Safari. VIP’s portfolio of brands includes
V.I.P., Aristocrat, Alfa, Skybags and Delsey. In the organised sector, VIP is the market leader with almost
55% of the market share whereas Samsonite leads in the premium segment. Samsonite’s global
revenues in the year 2006-2007 were US$ 1,070 million, out of which 7% were from India.

The imports and exports were soft luggage are captured in Exhibit 169.
Exhibit 169: Import export trends for soft luggage
Imports
4202 42021110/20/30/40/50/60/90, 42022210/20/30/90, Rs. 560.67 crore (TT
42022910/90, 42021910/20/30/40/60/90, 42021190, component of around
42022110/20/90, 42021210/20/30/40/50/60/80/90, Rs
42023110/20/90, 42023290, 42029900, 42029200 140.179 crore)
Exports
4202 Rs 66.11 crore(TT
42021110/20/30/40/50/60/90, 42022210/20/30/90, component of around
42022910/90, 42021910/20/30/40/60/90, 42021190, Rs
42022110/20/90, 42021210/20/30/40/50/60/80/90, 16.53Error!
42023110/20/90, 42023290, 42029900, 42029200 Bookmark not
defined. Crore)
The imports against this product have grown substantially from Rs. 30 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 140 Crore
in 2012-13 at a CAGR of 36%. Exports have grown from Rs 12 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 17 Crore in 2013-
13.
Key export destinations for the product are China, UAE, Belgium, USA and Korea. More importantly,
majority of the imports are sourced from China, France, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and Taiwan.
265
Exhibit 170: Import trends of Soft luggage - TT component - 2012-13 vs. 2007-08
Imports
140
150
in Rs. crore
100
50 30
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
266
Jute Hessian and Sacks (including Food grade jute bags)
Jute Hessian
Jute Hessian also termed as Burlap is a finer quality jute fabric that has been long used as the most
preferred packaging material for all kinds of goods. Hessian is used for bags and many other coarse
fabric uses, such as wrappers, wall coverings, etc. Presently, shopping bags are being made out of
hessian fabrics. It is also used in the upholstery and home furniture. Also available in "dyed" or
"bleached" form and treated with vegetable oil, Burlap meets the latest international standards for food
safety.
Jute Sacks
A range of heavy jute fabrics either in plain or twill weaves manufactured by using coarse jute fibre in
larger percentage than used for manufacturing tarpaulin, hessian or such light fabrics.
Sacking refers to the coarser and heavier cloth, used primarily for sacks for packing materials, which do
not need special protection, but has higher weight.
Jute bagging material is in demand because of the openness of the weave, which allows air to circulate
while protecting the contents.
Sacking bags, specifically used for the purpose of storing agro-based products, are known as Hydro
carbon free bags that have been treated with vegetable oils to destroy the harmful effect of
hydrocarbons. Thus sacking bags have great demand not just in the cement industry but also in the
agro-based industries.
Different categories of sacking are:-

 A-Twill
 B-Twill
 L-Twill
 D.W. Flour
 D.W. Salt
 D. W. Nitrates
 Heavy Cees
 Light Cees
267
 Sydney Woolpacks
 Australian Woolpacks
 Australian Cornsacks
 New Zealand Cornsacks
 New Zealand Woolpacks
 Fine Twill Cloth
 Cement Bags
Food Grade Jute Bags

Food grade jute bags are jute sacks which comply with the IJO Standard 98/01. The Government of India
has maintained the compulsory packing of food grains and sugar at 100% under Jute Packaging
Materials (Compulsory use for Packing Commodities) Act, 1987 (JPMA).
Jute Hessian
A plain weave cloth made wholly of Jute with single warp and weft interwoven, weighing not more than
576 g/m2. Hessian fabrics are lighter than sacking fabrics.
Jute Sacks
Either plain or twill weave cloth made wholly of jute, inter-woven and weighing not less than 407 g/m2.
Exhibit 171: Description of twills
Twill The weave that produces diagonal patterns on the surface of the cloth. In
the Jute industry, generally 2 x 1 simple twill weave is used.
A-Twill Cloth A double warp, 2/1-twill weave sacking jute cloth weighing 750 g/m2
B- Twill Cloth A double warp 2/1-twill weave sacking jute cloth weighing 643 g/m2
L- Twill Cloth A double warp twill weave sacking cloth weighing approx. 716 g/m 2
Oslo Twill A twill sacking cloth for making bags of about 108 cm width weighing about
Cloth 534 g/m2
Brattice Cloth Hessian fabrics, which after rot and fireproofing is used in mines as
windscreens and for ventilation purposes.
Heavy Cee A double warp plain weave sacking jute cloth having 68 ends/dm and 35
picks/dm and weighing 673 g/m2
268
The difference between hessian and sacking is in the quality of the cloth and the jute used for its
production, the difference being primarily one of fineness, the former being made of finer grade jute,
the latter of coarser qualities. Hessian can be available in cloth lengths while the mills usually convert
sacking cloth into bags and sacks.

The market size for jute hessian and jute sacks is tabulated in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 172: Market size of jute hessian and jute sacks
2012-13
Domestic consumption of jute hessian (in million MT) 0.166
Value of domestic consumption of jute hessian (in Rs. Crore) 1,238
Domestic consumption of jute sacks(in million MT) 1.12
Value of domestic consumption of jute sacks (in Rs. Crore) 8,354
Exports of jute hessian and sacks (in million MT) 0.155
Value of exports of jute hessian and sacks(in Rs. Crore) 1157.47
Market size of jute hessian and sacks(in million MT) 1.44
Market size of jute hessian and sacks (in Rs. Crore) 10,749.50
*source: IMaCS analysis, JCI
The market size for jute hessian and sacks stands at 1.44 MT and Rs. 10,749.50 Crore.

There is not much growth expected in the next five years as sacking segment faces threat from the
polymer sacks, though hessian is expected to grow moderately by around 2-3%. The domestic
consumption is expected to grow by 10% for jute products, only on account of MSP rise for sacking.
Volume wise the growth is stagnant. Also, exports shall drive the market size significantly with expected
growth of about 20% in the coming three to five years, drawing on both consistent value and volume
rise.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of jute bags and sacks include:
 Cheviot Co Ltd
269
 Gloster Jute Mills Ltd

 Birla Corp Ltd
 Bally Jute Co

The import export scenario for jute hessian and sacks is tabulated in below.
Exhibit 173: Import export - jute hessian bags
HS code family 2012-13
Imports
Jute hessian and sacks Rs. 84 crore
Exports
Jute hessian and sacks Rs 1157.47 crore
*source: IMaCS analysis, JCI
The export of Jute hessian and sacks has grown in substantial terms given its large base. It has grown
from Rs. 300 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 1157 Crore at a CAGR of 31%. Key export destinations of jute
hessian and sacks are USA, Thailand, Netherlands, Ghana, Germany and Ivory Coast.
Exhibit 174: Export trend of Jute hessian and sacks - 2012-13 vs 2007-08
Exports
1500
1157
in Rs. crore
1000
500 300
0
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
Machinery details
One of the key suppliers of machinery in India is Lagaan Engineering Company Ltd. situated in Kolkata.
Quality Standards
The various standards applicable to Jute goods in India are listed below:
1. IS 1943:1995 A-twill jute bags
2. IS 2566:1993 B-twill jute bags for packing
270
3. IS 2580:1995 Jute sacking bags for packing cement

4. IS 2818(Part 1):1990 Indian hessian
10. IS 2873:1991 Packaging of jute products in bales
11. IS 2874:1993 Heavy cee jute bags
12. IS 2875:1993 Jute corn bags
13. IS 3667:1993 B-twill jute cloth
14. IS 3750:1993 Jute corn sack cloth
15. IS 3751:1993 Heavy cee jute cloth
16. IS 3790:1991 Hessian bags
17. IS 3966:1967 DW-Flour jute cloth
18. IS 3984:2002 DW-Flour bags
19. IS 4436:1989 Jute bagging for wrapping cotton bales
20. IS 7406(Part 1):1984 Jute bags for packing fertilizers
21. IS 8569:1977 Jute fabrics used in the packing of textile products
22. IS 9113:1993 Jute sacking - General requirements
23. IS 9685:2002 Sand bag
24. IS 7406(Part 2):1986 Jute bags for packing fertilizers
25. IS 10036(Part 1):1982 Jute canvas
26. IS 10036(Part 2):1982 Jute canvas
27. IS 11193:1984 Jute canvas postal bags
28. IS 12001:1987 Jute Sacking cloth for cement bag
29. IS 12154:1987 Light weight jute bags for packing cement
30. IS 12174:1987 Jute synthetic union bags for packing cement
31. IS 12493:1988 Specification for jute bags for packing sugar
32. IS 12494:1988 Specification for jute bags for packing urea
33. IS 12626:1989 Specification for laminated jute bags for packing milk
34. IS 12650:2003 Jute bags for packing 50 kg. foodgrains
271
35. IS 13649:1993 Polyethylene lined jute bags for packing tea

36. IS 14342:1996 Jute yarn/twine - Packaging code
37. IS 15138:2002 Jute bags for packing 50 kg sugar
Standards set for food grade jute bags in India and internationally are:
1. IJO Standard 98/01
2. Sacks for the Transport of food aid, European Standard EN 766
3. Erstwhile British Standard 3845:1990
Besides the above mentioned established standards the draft standards are listed below:
1. DOC.TXD 3(687) Jute sacking - General requirements
2. 2 DOC.TXD 3(688) Jute bags for packing 50 kg sugar
3. DOC.TXD 3(9001) Food grade jute packaging materials
272
Tea Bags
Tea bags are sold by organised tea producers to the high-end consumers. Tea bags consist of a filter
paper pouch with a thread, which holds the tea powder and a tag. The tea bag is dipped in hot water /
milk to produce the beverage. The two major marketers of tea bags in India are Hindustan Unilever
Limited (HUL) and Tata Tea Limited.
Tea bag filter paper is made with a blend of wood and vegetable fibres. The vegetable fibre is bleached
pulp abaca hemp, a small plantation tree grown for the fibre, mostly in the Philippines and Colombia.
Heat-sealed tea bag paper usually has a heat-sealable thermoplastic such as PVC or polypropylene, as a
component fibre (100% non-woven technical textile) on inner side of the teabag surface. The filter paper
used for making tea-bags is a 12-17 GSM non-woven material. The heat-sealing type tea-bag paper is of
16.5 to 17 GSM approx while the non-heat sealed tea-bag paper is around 12 – 13 GSM.

The market size for tea markets is chiefly driven by the domestic consumption estimated to be Rs 543
crore. This is a significant rise at a CAGR of 22% from Rs. 200 Crore market, estimated in 2007 – 08.
The total size of the organised tea market in India is around 400 million kilograms. The penetration of
tea bags in the country is around 1.5-2% of the organised tea market and still remains to be exploited.
Most of the tea-bags contain about 2 grams of tea though some of the bags contain up to 4 grams of
tea. Hence, the total number of tea-bags used in India is estimated is around 6 – 6.7 billion.
The exports for tea bag filter paper are negligible. Thus the domestic consumption itself is the key
contributor to the market size of tea bags. The market size of tea-bag filter has been estimated as given
below in Exhibit 175. The domestic consumption of tea bag filter paper is expected to grow at about
20% in the coming three to five years, taking into account huge scope of penetration of tea bags in India.
273
Exhibit 175: Market sizing tea bag filter

Tea-bags filter 2012-13
Value of Domestic consumption of Tea bag filter paper ( in KT) 1.34
Value of Domestic consumption of Tea bag filter paper (in Rs. crore) Rs 542.86 crore

Key growth driver of the tea bag filter paper is the consumption of tea bags by masses at large which is
still a long way off. The tea bag manufacturers also have a proclivity to import the filter paper rather
than source it from within India. Also, industry player expect only 5 – 7% growth in this segment.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of tea bags include:
 J.V.Gokal
 Madhu Jayanti

The import scenario for tea bag filter paper is captured in the below. The estimated export figures for
Tea-bags filter paper from India are negligible, totalling to 0.57 MT in quantity terms and Rs. 0.03 Crore
in value.
Exhibit 176: Tea bag filter - trade trends
Imports
4805, 4823 48054000, 48232000 Rs. 39.2 crore
Imports cater to a majority of the demand for tea bag filter paper. There has been a sharp rise from the
imports of Rs. 5 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 39.2 Crore in 2012-13.
Exhibit 177: Import trend of tea bag filter paper - 2012-13 vs. 2007-08
274
Imports
50
39
40
in Rs. crore
30
20
10 5
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
Key sources of import are Germany, U.S.A., China, United Kingdom and Netherlands.
Machinery details
Key machinery employed are Consenta (from Tecchnomechanica) and T2 Prima(from Mais, Argentina).
275
Shopping bags
Shopping bags made of spun bond non-woven fabric are a critical product within the segment. They are
a key consumer of the spun bond non-woven.
A shopping bag consists of 100% spun bond non-woven fabric that is cut and pieced together in a
separate machine. Spun bond non-woven affords the necessary strength required for the product to
carry weight. Generally, 80 – 150 GSM fabrics are employed in this category depending upon its
application.

The market size of car seat covers is estimated at Rs. 1023.05 Crore. Domestic consumption of shopping
bags is estimated to be Rs. 967.91 Crore and 66271.13 MT. Exports for shopping bags fabric contribute
Rs. 55.14 Crore and 3683.45 MT to the market size.
Exhibit 178: Market size estimate domestic shopping bags

2012-13
Domestic consumption of shopping bags/fabrics (in MT) 66271
Value of Domestic consumption of shopping bags/fabrics (in Crore) 967
Exports of shopping bags/fabrics (in Rs Crore) 55
Exports of shopping bags/fabrics (in MT) 3683
Market size of shopping bags/fabrics (in Rs Crore) 1023
Market size of shopping bags/fabrics (in MT) 69954

Shopping bags is a category that derives its demand quite heavily from the consumer class and
organized commerce. As of the present day, India has a significant capacity in excess of 167 KT for spun
bond non-woven that goes into shopping bags. However, the industry wide production is only a little
over 66.27 KT, which implies only about 40% capacity utilization, which is a norm across the industry as
seen in our industry interactions. Only the large players boast of capacity utilization of the order of 70 %
to 80%. These huge capacities were set up from the expectation that there would be a strictly
implemented regulation against use of polythene shopping bags. However, this is yet to happen and this
276
has led to supply exceeding the demand. Thus, the growth prospects for the industry are very modest
and can be pegged optimistically at 7%. Exports, however, may drive the market size of this segment in
future with a Y-o-Y growth of 15% in keeping with the growing exports in recent times.
Key Manufacturers
 Hari om polypacks
 Jhilmil
 Sidwin fabrics Pvt. Ltd.
The import export scenario for seat covers has been captured in the Exhibit 179. Imports are greater
than exports and most of these happen from China. China has a duty drawback on these exports of the
order of 17 – 20%, which renders imports much cheaper than the production here. It also leaves us in a
weak spot in terms of export competency.
Exhibit 179: Shopping bags - export import trend

family
Imports
5603 56031300, 56039300 Rs. 84.93 crore
Exports
5603 56031300, 56039300 Rs. 55.14 crore
Key export destinations for the product are U.S. A, Russia, U.K, Japan and UAE.
Key import destinations for the product are China, Germany, Republic of Korea, Japan and U.S.A.
277
5. Sportech
Technical textiles used for sports purposes are termed as Sport technical textiles or Sportech. Sportech
includes all types of fabrics that are used for development of sport related clothing or sporting goods
like high performance swim wears, parachute fabrics or fabrics used for making of inflatable balls. Along
with this fabric and textiles used in accessories for sports like shoe lining fabrics and sleeping bags are
also included in Sportech.
List of Products
The key technical textile products under the segment are as under:
 Sport composites
 Artificial turf
 Parachute fabrics
 Ballooning fabric
 Sail cloth
 Sleeping bags
 Sport nets
 Sport shoe components
 Laminated tents
 High performance swimwear and sportswear
 Sport strings
278

The total estimated market size of Sportech is estimated to be Rs. 4,080 crore in 2012-13. Close to 97%
of the entire market is catered by domestic supply. The market is mostly dependent on the domestic
consumption with exports potential limited to just 8% of the total market. The segment is projected to
reach Rs. 5,877 crore by 2015-16 growing at 12% CAGR and further to Rs. 7,111 crore by 2017-18.
Product wise market size estimate has been shown in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 180: Market summary of Sportech
Sportec
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
h
Produ Domes Exp Dome Domes
Import Export Total Export
ction tic ort stic tic
Value
Sport (in Rs.
325 548
Compos Crore) 738 27 288 477 765 416 725
ites Volume
(in Mn. 13 21.7
29 1 14 16 30 16.4 28.6
279
Sportec
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
h
Nos.)
Sport Value
Compos (in Rs.
ite - TT Crore)
Compo
151 254
nent 342 13 134 221 354 193 336
Value - -
(in Rs.
Crore) 0 -
Artificial - 46
40 40 40 - 61
turf
Volume
(in lakh
- 1.1
sq. m) 0 1 - 1 1 - 2
Value
(in Rs.
Parachu 3 111
Crore) 100 2 3 99 102 4 139
te
Volume
fabrics
(in Mn.
0 7
m) 6 0 0 6 6 0 9
Value
(in Rs.
Ballooni - 2
Crore) 1 0 - 2 2 - 2
ng
Volume
fabrics
(in lakh
- 13
sq. m) 10 2 - 12 12 - 18
Value
(in Rs.
11 28
Sleepin Crore) 34 2 11 24 35 11 37
g bags Volume
(in Mn.
0 0
Nos.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Value
(in Rs.
59 33
Crore) 74 - 47 27 74 92 52
Sports
Volume
Nets
(in MT) 2,13
6 1,217
2,683 - 1,709 974 2,683 3,338 1,902
Value
Sport
(in Rs.
shoe 3 3,839
Crore) 3,373 58 3 3,428 3,431 3 4,816
compon
ents Volume
268 5 0 272 273 0 383
280
Sportec
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
h
(in Mn. 0 305
Sq. m)
Value
(in Rs.
0 68
Tents Crore) 62 - 0 62 62 0 82
Volume
(in MT) 4 1,717
1,565 - 4 1,561 1,565 4 2,078
High Value
perform (in Rs.
- 2
ance Crore) - 2 - 2 2 - 4
swim Volume
wears (in
and nos.)
sports
- 4,053
wears - 3,002 - 3,002 3,002 - 7,386
Value
(in Rs.
3 27 - 30 30 - 34 - 43
Sport Crore)
Strings Volume
(in Mn.
1 8 - 9 9 - 10 - 13
metres)
Value
(in Rs.
- 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 1
Other Crore)
Product Volume
s (in kg) 11,79
10,718 10,718 10,718 - 0 - 14,266
3,989 144 198 3,935 4,132

Total 227 4,418 303 5,574
P: Provisional
*Market size is calculated as export + domestic market
Sport shoe components having 75% share in the segment. Other key product is sport composites that
has 7% share. Rest of the products have very limited market in India. The product wise market share is
as shown in the exhibit below.
281
Exhibit 181: Market size pie product wise of Sportech
Market size Artificial grass

1%
Parachute fabrics
Sport strings Tents Others 2%
1% 1% 4.27%
Sport Composites Sleeping bags
8% 1%
Sports Nets
2%
Sport shoe
components
80%
Key players
Key players manufacturing sports technical textiles in India are as under:
 Great Sports Infra Pvt. Ltd.

 Indrajeet Mehta Construction Co. Ltd.
 Entremonde Polycoaters
 Kusumgar Corporates
 S G Pvt. Ltd
 S S Pvt. Ltd
 Bhalla Sports Pvt. Ltd
 Cosco India Ltd
 Freewill Sports Pvt. Ltd.
 Page Industries Ltd.
 Adidas India marketing Ltd.
 Standard Newar Ltd.
 K C industries
 Bata Limited
 Liberty
 Jasch Industries Ltd.
 Bandhu Aero Space Ltd.
282
The profitability of these players is as shown:

Company Name 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12
Garware Wall Ropes Ltd. 31404 31484 4% 4%
Cosco India Ltd. 3059 3035 0.1% -5.0%
Freewill Sport Pvt. Ltd. 2396 2007 5% 4%
Bata Ltd. 92028 75644 9% 9%
Liberty Shoes 17532 16463 2% 2%
Sanspareil Greenland Pvt. Ltd. 4814 3166 6% 5%
Entremonde Polycoaters - 1122 - 1%
Kusumgar Corporates - 7377 - 2%
Jasch Industries 4044 3753 2% 5%
Source: Annual reports, IMaCS analysis, capitaline, VCCedge, MCA
High Potential products

There are a total of 12 products in Sportech segment, in which sports composites and shoe components
take the major share of the market. However, there are many small products that are in the nascent
stage in Indian market and are expected to grow at significant rates during the coming three to five
years. The following products in Sportech present a high potential and should be the focus area for new
investments and entrepreneurs:
High performance sports wears and swim wears: The segment has grown
slowly over the last five years and form less than 1% of the total Sportech market. However,
with increasing focus on sports and creation of sporting and swimming facilities in schools,
colleges, residential societies and club houses, the accessibility of sporting arenas for a common
man has increased considerably. In light of this, there is a surge in the market of swimwear and
sports wears. With limited branded players in the segment, the market still has a lot of potential
to accommodate new players. The market of this product is expected to grow at 35% per annum
during the next three years.
Sports Nets: Sports net also present a moderate potential of high growth, driven primarily
by the growing exports demand. While export demand for sports net is growing at a steady rate
of over 10%, the product is yet to make its mark in the domestic market.
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Sport Composites
Sports composites usage in India includes boxing equipments, inflatable balls and protective equipments
for cricket
Boxing equipments consist of Boxing Gloves, Boxing Punching Gloves, Boxing Head Guards, Boxing
Punching Pads, Abdominal Guard, Speed Ball, Punching Bag etc.
Inflatable balls consist of football, volleyball, basketball, handball etc. Footballs account for 50% of the
market of inflatable balls. Footballs have varying sizes i.e. Size-3, Size-4 and Size-5. Circumference for
size 5 is 68.5cm to 69.5cm. Official weight of the football is 420~445 grams with ball pressure of 0.8 bar.
Protective equipments for cricket comprise of leg-guards, batting gloves, wicket keeping gloves, thigh
pads, helmets, caps & hats, cricket kit bags etc. The segment also includes sport helmets, more than 90%
of which is used primarily for cricket in India.

Indian sporting goods industry is concentrated primarily in the cottage and small-scale sector. It is a
highly labour intensive industry and also employs a large number of women as well. Most of the units
work on a job work basis for the major manufacturers/exporters and also sell their produce to
wholesalers who in turn sell these equipments to sports goods retailers. The market for these goods is
mainly driven by the export demand and the institutional demand, with very limited retail sales.
Sports composites market in India is constituted by the inflatable balls, cricket protective items – guards,
gloves and helmet and the boxing equipments like gloves, etc. The market size for these products has
been done using insights from key manufacturers and inputs from Sports Goods Export Promotion
Council (SGEPC).
284

The estimated market size for different sport composites are shown in the exhibit below
2012-13
Cricket protective gears Inflatable ballsBoxing and other
(including sport helmets) gears
Value (in Rs. Crore) 229 433 76
Volume (in Mn. Nos.) 1.9 20 8
T T Component 201 77 76
(Value in Rs. Crore)

Total Sports Composites
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Value (in Rs. Crore) 765 873 1,140
Volume (in Mn. Nos.) 30 35 45
T T Component 354 405 529
(Value in Rs. Crore)
The market for cricket equipments has grown at 14% in the last five years owning to the increasing
interest of people in sport and growing number of cricket clubs and camps. The market for inflatable
balls has also shown similar trend growing at 11%. However, while Cricket equipment market has grown
mostly on account of domestic market which grew at 20%, market for inflatable balls has grown on
account of rising exports which grew by 14%. The market for boxing gloves and equipments is also
growing on account of growing export market which has grown by 37%. The total sport composite
market has grown at 13% during the last five years.

The sports composites industry is driven by both the export market and the domestic market. The
producers in India have their competence due to the cost of manufacturing being low. The domestic
market of these products is growing due to increased interest of students in sports. With many new
cricket coaching clubs and cricketing summer and winter camps being organised, the market for cricket
is set to grow at a good rate in the coming years. The market for inflatable balls on the other hand is
seeing slow but steady growth due to increased focus of corporate and government institutions on
promotion of the sport through education institutes and corporate having their own football clubs. With
285
the proposal of having an Indian premier league for soccer, the market is expected to grow. The
domestic market is expected to grow at 15% per annum driven by increasing focus on sports in
institutions and rising number of sports academies. The export market is expected to grow at 13% per
annum till 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
Manufacturing of sport composites in India is done mostly by small scale industries. These industries are
labour intensive and are generally clustered together. The key clusters for manufacturing of sports
composites are located at Jalandhar and Meerut, with Jalandhar doing a lot of Inflatable balls and
Meerut excelling in the Cricket and boxing sports goods industry. Some of the prominent manufacturers
for the segment are:
 Sanspariel Greenland Pvt. Ltd.
 S S India Pvt. Ltd.
 Soccer India Pvt. Ltd
 Freewill Sports Pvt. Ltd
 Cosco India Ltd.
 Leisure Exports Worldwide
 United Sports India Ltd.

While the export market for cricket goods exports has remained stagnant growing at just 1%, the export
market of inflatable balls and boxing equipments has grown by 14% and 37% respectively. The details of
imports and exports of sports composites are shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 184: Import export trends
HS code HS code Applicable HS Product 2012-13
family description codes
Exports
Inflatables – 95066210
football, 95066220
Inflatable balls Rs. 183 Crore
volleyball, basket 95066230
ball, others 95066290
9506
Equipment of Cricket
95069110 Rs. 53 Crore
Gym, cricket, protective gear
95069920
boxing, others Boxing
9506999 Rs. 53 Crore
equipment
*source: DGCIS, IMaCS analysis,
286
The export import trend for sport composites is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 185: Import export trend
Exports Imports
400 30 27
288 25
300
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
20
200 175 15 13
10
100
5
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The major countries from where sports composites are imported into India are:
1. China
2. Germany
3. Pakistan
4. Netherlands
5. United Arab Emirates.
The major countries where sports composites are exported from India are:
1. Unite Arab Emirates
2. United Kingdom
3. Australia
4. Mexico
5. Ireland
Machinery details
Manufacturing of these products is a labour intensive work requiring a lot of sewing. Therefore, the
machinery requirement is mainly of stitching machines.
Quality Standards
The standards for different Sports composites are specified by their governing bodies. Currently, the BIS
have standards for only the batting and boxing gloves. These are:
 IS 3870:1983 – Batting glove specification
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 IS 3874:1987 - Boxing glove specifications
Artificial Turf
Artificial turf, or synthetic turf, is a man-made surface manufactured from synthetic materials with
appearance similar to natural grass. It is used for making world-class surfaces for playing sports
(especially hockey and soccer) which are normally played on grass. The hockey stadiums account for
most of the consumption of the artificial turf in India. It is also used indoors or outdoors for landscaping.
Artificial turf is considered a safe alternative to natural grass; turf has no direct harmful effects to pets
or children. Several studies have shown that the artificial turfs have a higher injury rate than grass on
playgrounds. The new manufacturing and installation procedures have resulted in lowering of injury
rates than on natural grass.
The artificial turf system consists of various layers - the pile fibres & backing cloth, shock absorbing layer
and the supporting base.
 Pile Fibre - The grass like piles are non abrasive and soft to touch. The synthetic grass is made of
either the polyamide nylon/nylon 6.6 or PP/PE, which is custom extruded into a monofilament
ribbon form. The pile fibre has to allow for smooth ball roll and bounce, support non-directional
foot traction, allow for water permeability and should have the correct balance of strength,
elasticity and stiffness to withstand the wear and tear of regular usage.
 Backing Fabric - the material to which surface fibres are attached to form the underside of the
artificial turf surface. The backing has to permit water to flow through the fabric readily.
 Shock-Absorbing Foam - provides cushioning for running or falling athletes. The foam is made of
a closed-cell polymer alloy like polyurethane, typically 1/2 inch in height and perforated for
vertical drainage
 Supporting Base - supports the load placed on the entire structure, typically a 2-feet or 3-feet
layer of asphalt or concrete
The artificial grass fibres that are used are of two different grades –
1. High grade Poly-ethylene grass – It is a high density (high GSM) non-directional grass.
2. Polypropylene grass fibres - These fibres are interlinked to form the artificial grass. However, its
density (GSM) is lower than PE grass and it is directional grass.
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The cost and quality of artificial grass depends on three different parameters:
1. Pile Fibre length: The cost of the artificial turf is directly proportional to the length of pile fibre.
It generally comes in two different lengths – 9 mm and 13 mm. The length of the pile fibre
determines the amount of fibre that goes into surface. Hence, it is a major price determining
factor.
2. Density (GSM): The density of the weaves determines the quantity of the fibre required. Hence
a high density artificial grass would be costlier than a low density one.
Key Application
Artificial grass is being used for providing artificial surfaces for sports as well as for landscaping and
decorating purposes. The use of artificial grass for different sports and their specific requirement is as
shown in the table enumerated below:
Exhibit 186: Usage norms for artificial turf
S.No Application Average Requirement Average cost
(in sq. ft) (in Rs./ sq m)
1. Hockey Turf 67000 3,770
2. Football turf 67000 3,770
3. Cricket wickets 1000 3,350
4. Golf putting greens 400 4,000
*Dollar to rupee conversion rate – Rs. 55/ USD
*source: industry survey
The use of artificial grass offers the following benefits:

1. Low maintenance: As compared to natural grass, the maintenance required for artificial grass is
very low.
2. All weather fields: Artificial grass fields can be used in all weathers even during the rains. This is
a major benefit of the playground as it can be dried very quickly as compared to the natural
grass fields which require aggressive efforts for drying.
3. Conservation of water: Rainwater on the artificial turf can be easily harvested using the
underlining pipes.
4. Conservation of Soil: While natural grass maintenance requires use of a lot of fertilizers,
pesticides and insecticides which increases the toxicity and the ground water, use of artificial
grass does not require any such measures.
.
289

Artificial turf market in India is mainly driven by usage in infrastructure up-gradation of hockey fields and
to some extent soccer fields. Based on industry inputs it is estimated that close to 35 hockey fields
would be upgraded in the XIIth five year plan indicating that an average of 7 fields are upgraded every
year. An average of about 3 football fields is up-graded every year in India. Hockey and soccer together
account for the major chunk of usage of artificial turf. In addition to this, usage as cricket wickets, golf
greens and landscaping greens is rapidly catching up in India.

The market size of artificial turf is estimated to be of 168 MT which is valued at ~Rs. 40 Crore. The entire
market is based on imports with no manufacturers in India. The industry has very limited players who
are primarily importers of artificial turf. The majority of imports in India are of Tiger turf and Field turf,
two of the recognised brands supplying into Indian market. In addition to that, lot of cheap Chinese
imports also comes in which are used mostly for landscaping. The market size estimate of artificial turf
for 2012-13 is as shown in the table below:
Exhibit 187: Market size estimate for artificial turf
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2014-15 (P)
Quantity (in lakh sqm) 1 1.1 1.5

Usage for large sports installations like and hockey and soccer turf are the key drivers for the industry.
With increased focus of National and regional government of development of Sports after the recent
performances by Indian sportsmen in world events, the demand for hockey and soccer turfs are
expected to gradually rise in coming years.
Along with these, smaller applications in cricket wickets are rapidly growing with many cricket
associations going for low maintenance cricket wickets. In addition to that demand from corporate for
landscaping and golf greens is growing at a rapid rate, with many new infrastructure parks and premium
residential societies coming up.
While rapid growth is expected in Indian artificial turf market, the market faces stiff challenge from low
cost Chinese imports, which are quickly capturing the growing retail demand in India owing to its
290
cheaper rates. This along with the small retail market for artificial turf has been a major deterrent for
organisations like field turf and tiger turf that have not started manufacturing of artificial turf in India,
despite easy availability of base fabrics and latex in India. The domestic market is expected to grow at
15% per annum during the coming years.

The entire market of artificial turf in India is catered via imports. There are no manufacturers of artificial
turf in India. The key HS codes under which imports were made in 2012-13 have been listed in the table
below. There are set HS codes defined for import of artificial turf. However, the commonly used HS
codes have been shown in the table.
HS code Applicable HS codes HS code description
family
Imports
39189010 Floor covering of lynoxin
54049090 Other Synthetic Textiles of width less
than 5 mm
57033090 Textile floor covering of manmade
57039090 textile material
Other floor covering of other textile
material
67021090 Other synthetic articles
*source: DGCIS, IMaCS analysis
The export import trend for the product is as shown in the exhibit below:
Imports
50
40
40
in Rs. crore
30 26
20
10
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
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The top five countries exporting artificial turfs into India are:
1. Unite States of America (USA)
2. China
3. Belgium
4. Spain
5. France.
The market is governed by only a few key importers. These players have been listed as under:
1. Great Sports Infra Pvt. Ltd.
2. Sports Infratech Pvt. Ltd
3. Indrajeet Mehta Construction Company Ltd.
4. Altius Sports and Leisure Pvt. Ltd.
Machinery details
The pile fibre used for making of artificial turf is a specialise fibre whose patented production rights is
with only a limited few organisations in the world. Although China also manufactures the pile fibre,
however, the quality in terms of GSM of the chine product is very low and is not preferred for sporting
applications. It is used only for landscaping requirements.
Quality Standards
The International Hockey Federation (FIH) has developed standards for Hockey turfs. Manufacturers of
synthetic turfs have to adhere to the FIH standards to get their products registered as FIH approved
products. These products are tested and verified by a FIH accredited laboratory.
The standards for artificial turf used in football grounds are governed by FIFA. It specifies various ball /
surface and player / surface tests for these turfs and certifies as FIFA recommended 1 Star and 2 Star.
1 Star is mainly for recreational, community and municipal use while 2 Star for artificial turf designed
specifically for the playing characteristics of professional football. Both the FIFA recommended 1 Star
and 2 Star have to go through a series of stringent laboratory and field tests for getting the FIFA
certificate.
292
Parachute Fabric
A parachute is a device used to slow the descent of a free falling body or load. The product is a large
fabric with ropes attached to it. When the body free falls, the fabric traps the air, thus, using the air
resistance to slow down the descent.
A parachute consists of four main components: parachute canopy, rip-cords, suspension lines and the
harness.
 Parachute canopy- Parachute canopy the actual parachute fabric that is tied using the ropes.
The canopy act as a barrier for the air flow thus slowing the fall.
 Harness - The pack is fastened to the person's back or front with a harness. The harness is
specially constructed so that the parachutist is not injured as the forces of deceleration (slowing
down), gravity and wind are transmitted to the wearer's body as the chute opens.
 Rip-cord - A rip-cord is used to open the duck pack and allow the chute to deploy (pop out). The
rip-cord can be used in three different ways (pulling the rip manually, a static line connected to
the aircraft deploys the chute as the person jumps or automatically as the pilot is ejected from
the aircraft).
 Suspension lines - Suspension lines, or shrouds, connect the canopy (parachute cloth) to a ring
on the harness. The line is continuous from the ring, through a seam in the shroud over the top
of the chute and back down to the ring again.
Parachute canopies are primarily made of high tensile nylon or polyester multi-filament fibres, generally
rip stop woven, from 32 to 200 deniers. Rip stop fabrics are woven fabrics whilst using a special
reinforcing technique that makes them very resistant to tearing and ripping. Older lightweight rip stop
fabrics display the thicker interlocking thread patterns in the material quite prominently, but modern
weaving techniques make the rip stop threads less obvious.
Rip stop fabrics have high strength to weight ratio. The smaller tears and rips cannot easily spread
further in the fabric. Air-permeability is one of the most important characteristics because it determines
the behaviour of the parachute itself, the rate of descent depends dramatically on this characteristic.
The fabric should be of minimal thickness to enable folding of the parachute into a bag.
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Harness, webbing, tapes etc are made-up of high tensile nylon yarn (denier range 210 to 840 denier) as
nylon has the highest strength to weight ratio.

Market for parachute fabrics is governed by demand from Indian Armed forces, which commands 95%
of the market. The demand is higher for break parachutes used in fighter aircrafts and supply drop
parachutes which together account for close to 70% of the demand from Armed forces.

Taking into account the average price of different types of parachutes and the production figures of
Ordinance factories the market size estimate for parachute fabrics in India is estimated taking into
consideration insights from major manufacturers. The estimated market potential for parachute fabrics
in India in 2012-13 is of 6.2 million metres which is valued at Rs. 100 Crore.
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Quantity (in Mn. metres) 6.2 7.1 8.9
The market for parachute fabrics in India has increased considerably over time driven mainly by
increasing production of the ordinance factories. Currently Ordinance factories produce about 1.17 lakh
parachutes of different kinds – supply drop, break parachutes, man drop parachutes, torpedo
parachutes and inflammation parachutes.

The market for parachutes in India is driven by the demand from Indian armed forces. In the armed
forces the demand for supply drop parachutes and break parachutes is highest and is expected to grow
with increasing deployment of armed forces personnel in high altitude and hazardous environments. In
addition to that demand for break parachutes would also increase as India upgrades its Air force with
modern fighters.
However, the applications other than by Armed forces like adventure sports – sky diving and para-
gliding is yet to become popular in India. As a result the demand from private sector is very low. The
domestic market is expected to grow at 12% in next three years, driven by both entries from private
294
firms as well as increased production of ordinance factories. With increasing focus of Indian players
including ordinance factories towards the global demand for parachutes, the export market is also
expected to grow at 12% per annum in next three years.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of parachute fabrics in India are:

Import and export of parachute fabrics from India has had a small share in the total market. Most of the
production is utilised domestically. However, lately ordinance factories along with other parachute
fabric manufacturers have shown interest in exports and the exports value for 2012-13 stands at Rs. 3
Crore. Imports are estimated at Rs. 1.5 Crore.
HS code family HS code description Applicable HS codes 2012-13
Imports
5407 Bleached 54071011
Unbleached and 54071021
Rs. 1.9 Crore
other parachute 54071091
fabrics
Exports
5407 Bleached 54071011
Unbleached and 54071021
Rs. 3 Crore
other parachute 54071091
fabrics
*source: DGCIS, IMaCS analysis
The export import trend for the product is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports
4
3
in Rs. crore
3
2 1.5
1
0
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
295
The import of parachute fabrics is from China and Taiwan, where in China accounts for over 90% of
imports. The major countries to which parachute fabric is exported from India are as under:
1. France
2. Turkey
3. South Africa
Quality Standards
Quality control is a stringent requirement for parachutes. The relevant standards are framed by Aerial
Delivery Research and Development Establishment, Agra, India. In addition to that BIS also has
standards for parachute fabric and parachute components under standard:
 IS 2964:1987 – Breaking cord for parachute
 IS 2970:1987 – Cotton fabric for supply drop
 IS 3449:1984 – Cotton webbing for parachute
 IS 14564: 1998 – Cotton tapes for personal parachute
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Hot Air Balloon fabric
Ballooning fabric is the envelope fabric used in hot air balloons, inflatable balloons and bouncies. These
are high tenacity strong fabrics made out of polyester, taffeta or nylon often coated with silicon. The
ballooning fabric industry is a very niche and small market with very limited players across the globe
catering specifically to the hot air balloon demand in India. In addition, the market for inflatable balloons
which are often used for publicity is growing are where ballooning fabrics are used these days.
The ballooning fabrics are usually classified on the basis of the usage. The three major usage of
ballooning fabrics are:
1. In hot air Balloons – Silicon coated Nylon or taffeta fabrics are used for the ballooning
requirements in Hot air Balloons. These are high tenacity fabrics tested for fire retardant
properties, strength and abrasion resistance. These require high tenacity silicon coated taffeta
or nylon fibres. They constitute a small but very important part of the hot air balloon. It has a
general life of about 5 years.
2. In inflatables – Inflatables are gas or air filled inflatable balloons that are used for publicity
during events. These have come into demand recently with organisations investing on their
publicity stunts. Here the entire product is a technical textile product.
3. In Bouncies and zorb balls – Bouncies are air filled fabrics made of nylon or polyester, which are
used as a playing ground for kinds. It can be often seen at different malls or fairs.
The consumption of ballooning fabric for the three segments is shown as under:
Exhibit 193: Consumption norms for Hot air balloon fabric

S. End Type of fabric
Average requirement of Ballooning fabric
No. product
700 metres for a small balloon of 2 people to 1500
Hot air Siliconised Taffeta or Nylon
1. metres for larger ones capable of flying up to 8
Balloons with FR coating
persons
Inflatable Nylon Taffeta with FR coating 70 metres for a small Inflatable up to 12 metre
2.
balloons – 210 GSM height
3. Bouncies High tenacity polyester Depends on specific requirements
297

There are only two manufacturers of hot air ballooning fabrics in India. The market is mainly driven by
the requirement of inflatables which are used at events, corporate functions and fairs for publicity
purposes. The market for hot air balloon in India is very small, with just three such balloons being made
in last three years.

The market for ballooning fabrics has been stimulated based on inputs of key, manufacturer of
ballooning fabrics in India. The estimated market size for the same is about Rs. 1.5 Crore mainly due to
the inflatable market.
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Quantity (in lakh metres) 11.6 13 17.6
Value (in Rs. Crore) 1.5 1.7 2.3
The market has grown at just 5% in the last five years, due to lower promotional events by corporate
and lower demand for inflatable because of the ongoing recessions. As far as hot air balloons are
considered, the market in India is still in a very nascent stage and has not grown in the last five years.
The market for zorb balls and bouncies on the other hand has grown in volume but the value addition
premium that was being commanded in the industry has drastically one down with prices of bouncies
coming down to around Rs. 20,000 from close to Rs. 50,000 around five years back.
The major growth drivers for the Ballooning fabric industry in India in the coming future:
 Growth in Hot air balloon sports – Increase in hot air balloon sports could be the major boost to
the ballooning fabric manufacturers. However, currently India is not expected to see such
growth in the sports sector.
 Increase in publicity expenses of corporate houses – The biggest driver of ballooning fabric
industry is the publicity expenses of corporate in inflatable balloons. The growth of the industry
is directly correlated to the growth in publicity expenses of large corporate houses.
Impediments
298
 Heavy restrictions by DGCA – As hot air ballooning is a risky sport, the DGCA closely monitors it.
Heavy restrictions, like no permission to fly hot air balloons around New Delhi have been a
major deterrence for the industry, preventing it from growing around Delhi.
While the market for hot air balloons is expected to grow at a very trivial rate, the market for inflatables
would be driving the segment with a high growth rate. Over all the market is expected to grow at 15%.
Key Manufacturers
There are only two manufacturers of ballooning fabric in India - Bandhu Aerospace Pvt. Ltd. and Unique
Inflatables.

Import of ballooning fabric in India has gone up by 36% in the last five years. Manufacturers in India
have been purchasing fabric from outside depending on the demand from customer. Export of hot air
balloons has been negligible in 2012-13, indicating lower demands from European countries who are the
major customer for ballooning fabrics from India.
Imports
Balloons and
dirigibles; gliders,
hang gliders and
88010020* Rs. 0.24 Crore
other non-powered
aircraft.

*Also shipped in 53101011
Quality Standards
Director General of civil aviation (DGCA) is the regulatory body for hot air balloons in India. The
standards prescribed in FAR Part 31(Federal Aviation regulations) for the design are the minimum
requirements for airworthiness of the hot air balloons. Hot air balloon cannot be flown unless it
possesses a valid Certificate of Airworthiness. The suitability and durability of all materials must be
established based on experience or tests. It has to be ensured that the material has the strength and
other properties assumed in the design.
Persons/firms desirous to take up design and manufacture of hot air balloons have to intimate the DGCA
of their intention and apply for necessary approval as required under CAR Section 2 - Series 'E' Part I.
299
There are several security requirements mandated for flying air balloons. One time security clearance of
the manufacturer, owner, and operator shall be obtained from the State Police authorities before initial
commencement of the operations. The hot air balloon shall not be sold or disposed of in any way to any
person or firm without production of a certificate from the DGCA. The hot air balloon shall not be flown
over entire air space covering VIP locations, defence installations, other restricted and prohibited
areas. The hot air balloon shall also not be flown over an assembly of persons or over congested
areas unless prior permission in writing is obtained from appropriate authorities. The restricted
areas are notified by the DGCA from time to time in consultation with the Ministry of Home
Affairs.
300
Sleeping bags
A sleeping bag is a protective "bag" for a person to sleep in, similar to a blanket that can be closed with a
zipper (allowing it to be folded in half and secured in that position) and functions as a bed while
camping, hiking, hill-walking or climbing. Its primary purpose is to provide warmth and thermal
insulation. Sleeping bags are used at high altitudes in extremely cold weather. It also protects against
wind chill, precipitation, etc.
The basic design sleeping bags work well for most camping needs but are inadequate under more
demanding circumstances. The second major type of sleeping bags is mummy bags (because of its
shape). Most modern sleeping bags are of a ‘mummy’ shape as it is the most thermally efficient design.
A sleeping bag with little or no ‘dead space’ around the user is warmer as there is less air to warm up
with heat from the body.

Sleeping bags in India is mostly used by armed forces and in small numbers for camping and
mountaineering. As a very small part of the population is involved in adventure sports like camping and
mountaineering, the retail market for sleeping bags is very small. Out of the institutional sales, close to
90% of the demand for sleeping bags comes from armed forces. As a result many of the manufacturers
are located in and around Kanpur the major purchase location for ordinance board. Most of these
players supply sleeping bags based on tenders for purchases.

Based on industry insights and information from key members of Ordinance factories, it is estimated
that the total market size of sleeping bags in India is about 3.7 lakh units which is valued at Rs. 35 Crore.
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Quantity (in lakh pieces) 3.7 4.1 5.0
The market has grown at 4% per annum during the last five years, governed by the demand from armed
forces. The basic mandatory requirement for provision of sleeping bag to every soldier and increasing
deployment of soldier in extreme environments are two factors leading to the growth of the market.
301

Key growth driver for sleeping bag industry is the consumption of sleeping bags by armed forces.
Currently it is mandatory for all soldiers to have a sleeping bag. The replacement market for armed
forces is the major demand for sleeping bags.
Lower preference for adventure sports like camping and mountaineering in India has kept the retail
market demand lower. As a result most of the manufacturers produce sleeping bags only as per the
tender requirements for the defence sector. A boost in adventure sports can be a real boon for the
growth of retail market for sleeping bags. The domestic market for sleeping bags is expected to grow at
15% per annum uptill2015-16, driven primarily by the growing armed forces of India.
Key Manufacturers
90% of the manufacturing units of sleeping bags are located in Kanpur including ordinance factory units.
These players are SME and MSME units involved in production of sleeping bags, tents and tarpaulins
mostly to cater the demand from Armed forces. The key players are:
 K C international
 Standard Newar Mills
 Tirupati Taxco Pvt. Ltd.
 Naveen Textile agencies
 Industrial Enterprisers

Both import and export of sleeping bags have seen a decline over last five years since 2007-08. While
imports have gone down marginally from Rs. 3 Crore to Rs. 1.5 Crore, there has been a substantial
decline in exports of sleeping bags from India which has gone down to Rs. 11 Crore from Rs. 18 Crore
declining at 12% per annum.
Applicable HS HS codes 2012-13
code family
Imports
9404 94043010 Sleeping bag filled with
feathers and down
Rs. 1.5 Crore
94043090 Other sleeping bags
Exports
9404 94043010 Sleeping bag filled with Rs. 11 Crore
302
Applicable HS HS codes 2012-13

code family
feathers and down
94043090 Other sleeping bags

*source: IMaCS analysis, DGFT, DGCIS
The export import trend for sleeping bags is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
20 18 4
3
15 3
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
11 2
10 2
5 1
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top countries exporting sleeping bags to India are:

1. China
2. Bangladesh
3. Singapore
4. Austria
5. Germany
The top countries to which India exports sleeping bags are:
1. United States of America (USA)
2. United Kingdom (UK)
3. Belgium
4. Germany
5. United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Quality Standards
The relevant Indian standards are IS 8991: 1978, JSS-8465-25:1997
303
Sports nets
Sports nets are used in various sports like Badminton, Football, Basket ball, Volleyball, Tennis, Handball,
etc. Nets are also used by cricket players in practices areas.
The typical specifications of the various kinds of sports nets are given in the table below:-
Mesh
Product Twine Material of
Colour opening Dimensions Side & Bottom
features Size construction
size
Black PVC tape HDPE, P.P.,
Badminton
0.75mm Black 20mm 24X2.5 ft (width 20 mm + 20 Cotton &
nets
mm) Nylon
HDPE , UV
Black vinyl coated
heated-
Tennis Nets 3.5mm - 45mm 42 ft x 4 Ft fabric (width = 63mm
Machine
+ 63mm)
knotted
Volley Ball 3 to 4 9.5 Mtr x 1 HDPE, P.P.,
- 100 mm PVC coated fabric
Nets mm Mtr Nylon
Football
7 to HDPE, P.P.,
Nets / Soccer - 5 inch 24 x 8 x 6ft -
10mm Nylon
Goal Nets
Handball
- - 4 inch 2 x 3 x 1 mtr - HDPE & P.P.
Nets
100 x 10ft,
2 to 3
Cricket nets - - 100 x 12ft, - HDPE & P.P.
inches
100 x 15ft
The sports nets have an average GSM of 400 and typically cost Rs 250 per square metre.

The nets used in cricket, football and badminton account for majority of the domestic consumption. The
market for sport-nets is driven by the development of sports in the country. In India, the investments in
sports are very low as compared to other countries. Sports are regarded more as a leisure activity.
The end customers include various schools, colleges, universities, sports clubs and individuals. Sports
nets are not purchased centrally by Sports Authority of India (SAI) as these are low cost items. The
regional centres of SAI purchase the sports nets. Most of the purchase is done by institutional buyers.
304
The replacement market of sport nets is very small, with most organisations use a net for 3 to 4 years
with repairs. The purchase demand is driven by various tournaments.

Most of the sports net manufactured in India are being exported. The domestic market for nettings is
relatively small and comprises of demand of nets for – volleyball, basket ball, tennis, cricket nets, goal
post nets and table tennis nets mostly from schools and institutions in India. Along with it demands from
sports clubs, sports associations are also significant part of domestic demand. While export from India is
estimated to be Rs. 47 crore the domestic market makes up for another Rs. 27 crore. The total market
for sports net is estimated to be Rs. 74 Crore.
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Quantity (in MT) 2,683 3,354 5,240
Market has mostly grown on account of growing exports which have grown at 38% during the last five
years.

The market for sports net has been driven by growing exports. The domestic market is currently very
small and is expected to grow at a decent rate due to growing sport events occurring across the nation.
The export market on the other hand has been growing at a goods rate of over 20% during the last five
years. Both the domestic as well as export market is expected to grow at 25% per annum in the next
three years owing to increased focus on sports and sports tournaments in domestic market and
increasing preference for Indian products in the world market.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of sport-nets in India are Garware wall ropes and Kwality Nets Manufacturing India
Ltd.

While the import of sport-nets in India remained insignificant, the export of sports net has grown by
38% to reach Rs. 47 Crore in 2012-13. The year was also very prestigious for Garware a wall rope, who
was awarded for best performance in sports net exports by SGEPC.
305

Applicable HS HS codes HS code (2012-13)
code family description
Exports
9506 95069960 Sport nets Rs. 47 Crore
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources, DGFT, DGCIS
The export import trend for sport nets is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports
50 47
40
in Rs. crore
30
20 13
10
0
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
The key countries where sports nets are exported from India are:
3. Australia
4. Italy
5. South Africa
Quality Standards
The standards for different sports are governed by their respective governing bodies. There are no
relevant standards for practice nets used in cricket.
306
Sports foot wear components
Sports foot wear component includes shoe lining and shoe upper fabrics used in making of sport shoes.
These fabrics are placed to provide comfort to the shoes by keeping it ventilated and moisture free.
The technical textile components typically used in the sport shoes are as following:
 Shoe uppers made of PU/PVC coated/Laminated fabrics
 Linings on the counters and below the shoe uppers
 Others including non woven insoles, laces, tapes, labels, elastics, sandwiched meshes, etc
The shoe upper material should have uniform thickness and colour and should possess water-proofing
property. The desired characteristics of the shoe uppers are
 Breathability
 Dimensional flexibility
 Colour fastness
 Light weight
 Durability
The shoe uppers and linings account for 90-95 % of the technical textile components used.

Production of sport shoes in India is estimated to be about 317 million pairs10 for 2012-13. Taking into
consideration the average requirement of technical textile based shoe components – shoe uppers and
shoe lining fabrics, as per the industry survey the total market for technical textile sport shoe
components is estimated to be of 272 million sq. metres which is valued at Rs. 3700 Crore.

Based on inputs from industry and CLE, the total market for sport shoe components is estimated to be
Rs. 3,431 Crore. The table below gives the domestic production estimate for 2012-13 in India.
Exhibit 202: Domestic production estimate
Product 2012-13
Quantity Value
Sport shoes 634 million
10 Based on analysis of footwear production data from CLE
307
Product 2012-13
pieces
Sport shoe uppers 146 Mn. Sq. m Rs. 2,477 Crore
Sport shoe linings 127 Mn. sq. m Rs. 950 Crore
Total Domestic 272 Mn. Sq. m Rs. 3,428 Crore
market
Total Market Rs. 3,431 Crore
(Domestic +Export)
The total market and projections for sport shoe components is as shown in following exhibit.
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Quantity (in Mn. sqm.) 273 305 383
Value (in Rs. Crore) 3,431 3,842 4,819
Indian sport shoe component industry has grown at 12% over the last five years. The growth of the
industry is directly linked to the growth of footwear industry in India. The growth has been driven by the
Women’s sport shoe segment which has grown at 20% while men’s sport shoe segment has grown by
around 7%.11 The growth has been mostly in the domestic market with little growth in exports.

Increasing income levels in the middle and lower middle class has been a major reason for the growth of
footwear industry in India, which in turn drives the market for sport shoe components. Although the
footwear industry of India has been growing at a considerable rate, the growth of sport footwear has
been limited to just 7% in the men’s segment and 20% in the women’s segment. The prime reason is the
price competitive market of India, where the organised footwear industry has just about 20% share. Rest
of the 80% market is supplied by low cost economy shoes, the market of which is growing at over 30%
per annum. Many of the manufacturers in the un-organised sector use low cost lower quality lining
material and often rubber or PVC uppers to cut cost. This has prevented the market from reaching its
full potential. Growth in the organised sector is expected to help the sport shoe component industry to
grow to higher levels. The domestic market is expected to grow at 12% during the coming three years.
11 Source: http://www.browneandmohan.com/file3.pdf
308
Key Manufacturers
The manufacturing of sport shoe technical textile components is done mainly by small un-organised
players in India. In addition, large players like Bata and Liberty which manufacture their own footwear
components

Import of technical textile sport shoe components has grown at 30% from Rs. 20 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs.
58 Crore in 2012-13. It is mainly driven by the growing foot wear industry of India. On the other hand
the export of footwear components remains insignificant at Rs. 3 Crore for 2012-13.
HS code HS code description Applicable HS Import Export
family codes Value(E) Value(E)
(2012-13) (2012-13)
5603 MAN-MADE FILMNT WGHNG 56031300
BETWN 70G/SQM AND
150G/SQM
Non woven & man made 56031400
filaments weighing >150G/SQM
Nonwovens , other filaments 56039300
weighing between 70G/SQM &
150G/SQM Rs. 58 Crore Rs. 3 Crore
5903 Textile fabrics impregnated, 59031090
coated, covered or laminated 59039010
with plastics, other than Tyre 59039090
cord fabric of high tenacity
manmade yarn impregnated,
coated, covered with PVC
plastic, other fabric or other
plastic
Imports
80
58
60
in Rs. crore
40
20
20
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
309
The top countries exporting shoe components to India are:

1. Taiwan
2. Republic of Korea
3. China
4. Germany
5. Italy
Export of shoe components from India is insignificant.
Quality Standards
There are no specific quality standards for shoe textile components.
310
High Performance Sports and swimwear
High performance sports wear

High performance sportswear includes clothing made of fabrics which could help out in playing a sport
like breathable fabrics, moisture absorption fabrics and muscle relaxant fabrics. In India, mostly
breathable moisture free fabrics are used as high performance sportswear. These products have the
molecular property of drying away all the moisture generated by the body as sweat. This helps in
reducing the fatigue while increasing the efficiency of the sports person, as otherwise constant friction
between the body and sweaty wet fabric increases the amount of effort being put in by the sportsman.
These products are being developed by top sporting brands like Adidas, Nike, Puma, Reebok, etc only. It
is made out of breathable fabric. These also include specialised sportswear designed for use in long
distance sports riding of cars and motor vehicles, which have additional layers of protection and coating
to provide ease to the rider.
High performance swimwear

A swimsuit, bathing suit or swimming costume is an item of clothing designed to be worn while
participating in water sports and activities such as swimming, water polo, diving, surfing, water skiing.
Men's swimsuit styles are swimming trunks such as board shorts, jammers, Speedo-style briefs, thongs,
g-strings or bikini. Women's swimsuits are generally one-pieces, bikinis or thongs. The most recent
innovation is the burin, a more modest garment designed for Muslim women; it covers the whole body
and head (but not face) in a manner similar to a diver's wetsuit.
Special swimsuits for competitive swimming, designed to reduce skin drag. For some kinds of swimming
and diving, special bodysuits called ‘dive skins’ are worn. Most competitive swimmers also wear special
swimsuits including partial and full bodysuits, racer back styles, jammers and racing briefs to assist their
glide through the water and gain speed advantages.

The market for high performance sportswear and high performance swimwear is still in a very nascent
stage in India. At present only breathable active sportswear are being sold in the domestic market. With
limited players offering the product, the market is limited to just a few thousand pieces. The market for
high performance swimwear is catered mostly by the International brand of Speedo, whose products
are sold by Page Industries Ltd in India.
311

Market size of high performance swimwear and sportswear has been estimated from the supply side
taking into consideration, supply of major brands in India – Speedo, Reebok, Adidas, Puma and Nike.
Exhibit 206: Market size estimate for high performance swimwear & sports wear
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Quantity (in nos.) ~3,000 ~4,053 ~7,386
Value (in Rs. Crore) 1.8 2.4 4.3
*includes both high performance swimwear and high performance sportswear

The market for swimwear is growing at 20% per annum due to the changing lifestyle in India and coming
of new residential societies with swimming pools. However, the market for speciality swimwear and
sportswear is still limited to sportspersons. With growing of the affluence class and the growing interest
of people in sports and leisure this segment is expected to grow. However, due to lack of awareness and
price sensitivity of the market, the demand for speciality wears is not expected to grow in the coming
few years. Although with the growing interest in Sports and focus of the government to promote sports
in India is expected to act as a major driver for the industry. With the growing focus on sport events, and
given the small base at which the current market stands, the domestic market of high performance
swimwear and sportswear is expected to grow at a high growth of 35% per annum.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of speciality high performance sportswear and swimwear in India are the major
sports brands - Page industries Ltd – having dealership for Speedo, Adidas India Limited and Reebok
India Limited.

A table of current HS codes and import and export statistics
Exhibit 207: Export Import trend
code family
Imports
6112 men's/boy's 61123100
swimwear of
synthetic fibers
swimwear of artificial
Rs. 9 Crore*
61123920
fibres
swimwear of other
312

code family
fibers 61123990
women's/girls’ 61124100
swimwear of
synthetic fibers
women swimwear of 61124910
silk
artificial fibres
women swimwear
61124990
of other fibres
6211 SWIMWEAR FOR 62111100
MEN'S OR BOYS'
SWIMWEAR FOR 62111200
WOMEN'S OR GIRLS'
Exports
6112 men's/boy's 61123100
swimwear of
synthetic fibers
swimwear of artificial 61123920
fibres
swimwear of other 61123990
fibers
women's/girls’ 61124100
swimwear of
synthetic fibers
61124910 Rs. 3 Crore*
women swimwear of
silk
artificial fibres
women swimwear 61124990
of other fibres
6211 SWIMWEAR FOR 62111100
MEN'S OR BOYS'
SWIMWEAR FOR 62111200
WOMEN'S OR GIRLS'
*Import & export figure for 2012-13 indicate all swimwear
The export import trend for high performance sports and swim wears is as shown in the exhibit below:
313
Imports
4
3
3
in Rs. crore
2
0.84
1
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
The top countries exporting high performance swim wears and sports wears to India are:
1. China
2. Italy
3. Thailand
4. France
5. United Kingdom
Quality Standards
There are no set quality standards for speciality swimwear and sportswear in India. However BIS has
standards for sportswear fabric under IS 2150:1989 and IS 4375:1975.
314
Tents
Different technical textile fabrics used in making of tents constitute the technical textile segment of
tents and tent fabrics. These fabrics have technical characteristics of fire resistance or water proofing,
temperature maintenance, etc. These tents are either laminated fabrics like PVC coated or and
rubberized fabrics or made of technical textile fibres like breathable fabrics, high quality parachute
fabrics, inherent fire retardant fabrics, etc.
Key characteristics preferable in tenting fabrics are:
 Water proofing
 Tear and abrasion resistance
 Wind proof
 Breathable
 Fire resistance
 Light weight
 High elasticity
 Better insulation
Classification and Applications

Technical textile tents can be classified as under:
 Arctic tents: These are high performance tents used for extreme environment like high altitude
and windy locations. In India most arctic tents are the most commonly used tents as it can be
easily used at high altitudes and have a wide variety of technical characteristics as compared to
other tents, which have limited technical characteristics and applications. Common application
of such tents lies with the armed forces and mountaineering at high altitudes. These come in
three sizes – small, large and medium. The size specifications for these are shown in the table
below:
 Extendable tents: These are tents suitable for two to four persons at time made from two
different layers of technical textile fabrics having properties of water resistance and higher
insulation. These tents were first used during the Second World War, and ever since are
frequently used by the Indian armed forces.
315
 Swiss cottage tents: Swiss cottage tents are luxury tents aimed at providing the experience of
being close to the environment and nature. These tents are large tents with size ranging from 20
sq. m to 40 sq. m. These are mostly built with beautiful finish and designs. These are made from
tear resistant canvas and are waterproof and resistant to extreme weather conditions.
Exhibit 209: Types of technical textile tents
Sl. Type of Size Typical technical characteristics
No. Tent specification
1. Small Arctic 2.1 X 1.9 sq. m  Waterproof and rot proof
tent – MK2 canvas
 Dasootie lining for insulation
2. Medium 18.8 sq. m  Insulated outer layer
Arctic tent –  Fire proof inner layer made of
MK2 parachute fabric
 Rubberized fabric for flooring
3. Large Arctic 6.7 m X 9.8 m  Outer layer of water resistant
tent – MK2 duck cotton
 Inner layer with Dosooti lining
4. Extendable 2.05 m X 4.65  Outer layer of water resistant
tent – 2M m duck cotton
 Inner layer with Dosooti lining
Raw Material
Key raw material used in manufacturing of technical textile tents is mostly

. Although, the market for tents is very large especially with retail demand for different types of
shamiyanas and tents for various occasions, the component of technical textile in these shamiyanas is
absent. Key reason is lack of laws and guidelines for use of protective technical textiles, like fire
retardant fabrics in these tents. As a result, many manufacturers in India prepare tents with normal
cotton or canvas fabric which run the risk of catching fire easily. The market of technical textile tents is
primarily governed by the demand from Indian armed forces, with small contribution for
mountaineering, camping needs and some technical textile shamiyanas. Indian armed forces account for
close to 80% of the tent demand, due to its vast personnel deployment in active duty and exercises.

Based on the demand from Indian armed forces and insights from key players in the industry, the
domestic market size of tents is estimated to be Rs. 103 Crore. The technical textile fabric in tents is
316
estimated to be of 1561 MT which is valued at Rs. 62 Crore. With negligible import and export, the total
market size of technical textile fabric in tents for 2012-13 stood at Rs. 62 Crore.
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Quantity (in MT) 1561 1721 2,082
While the overall market has grown at 6% per annum for last five years since 2008-09, domestic demand
has seen an upsurge and has grown at double the rate at 12% per annum. The market currently is driven
by the requirement from armed forces and is expected to grow at a steady rate of 8% per annum.
Key growth driver is demand from the armed forces, which control the quality of output in the industry
as well as determine the total production. Most of the manufacturers located in Kanpur which is the hub
of tent making produce tent specifically for supplying to the defence forces. While usage in armed forces
remains to be the major driver, establishment of norms and guidelines for use of fire resistant fabrics for
tents and shamiyanas as a precautionary measure can be a big boost to the industry.
In addition to that, growth of adventure sports like camping and mountaineering would also help the
industry grow although not in the same proportion as the above mentioned two drivers. A major
hindrance in the growth prospect of tent industry is the declining exports.
The market for technical textile tent fabric is expected to grow at 10% during the coming three years on
account of increasing awareness about usage of fire retardant and coated tents. The usage from Indian
armed forces is expected to be a major driver.
Key Manufacturers
More than 80% of the manufacturers of tenting fabrics are present in and around Kanpur. These players
are SME owner or MSME players, who do the regular business with ordinance boards for supply of tent
fabrics, sleeping bags and work orders for ordinance factories. Key players in the tent industry are:
1. A V enterprises
2. Standard Newar Mills
3. Tirupati Taxco Pvt. Ltd.
4. K C international
317

Import of technical textile tent fabrics in India is significant and has not any change in the last five years.
Export of tents from India stood at 11.5 Crore showing insignificant growth from 2007-08. The export of
technical textile fabrics – coated or laminated tents or tents made of special fabrics was Rs. 16 lakh for
2012-13
Exhibit 211: Export trends
Exports
5407 Bleached, 54071011
unbleached, dyed, 54071022
printed or other 54071032 Tent exports – 11.5
tents of cotton, 54071042 crore
jute, synthetic fibres 54071092
or other materials Rs. 0.16 Crore –
6306 Camping goods of 63062100 Technical textile
textile material 63062200
63062090 component
63069010
63069090
*source: IMaCS analysis, DGCIS
The export import trend for tents and tent fabrics is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports
12 11 11
10
in Rs. crore
8
6
4
2
0
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
The top countries importing tent and tent fabrics from India are:
1. South Africa
2. Malaysia
318
3. United Kingdom
4. Dijbouti
5. Denmark
Quality Standards
The quality standards applicable to the tent fabrics are shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 213: Quality standards for Tents
Code Description
General requirements for
IS 7609: 1988 tents
IS 12989: 2000 Camping Tents
Camping tents - Requirements
and test methods - Type L
IS 12990: 1990 (Lightweight tents)
Textiles - Camping Tents and
Caravan Awnings - Vocabulary
IS 12991: 2005 and List of Equivalent Terms
Textiles - Fabrics for awnings
and camping tents -
IS 14445: 1997 Specification.
Tent Extendable Frame
JSS: 8340-38: 2002 (Amds No 2) Supported
JSRL 8340-01: 2000 (REV No. 1) Tents
JSRL 8340-02:2004 (REV No. 1): Poles Tent
319
Sport strings
Sport strings are nylon and polyester based strings that are used for stringing of r sports racquets used
for badminton, lawn tennis, squash, etc. The textile based sport strings account for over 95% of sport
string usage with natural gut strings accounting for a very small share world over.
Sport strings are mostly made of polyester or nylon. The different types of sport strings are:
1. Monofilament strings: These are made of a single solid extrusion material. These are generally
made of nylon or polyester, depending on the quality and pricing of the string. These strings
have high durability. The playability of the string depends on the softer nature of the mono
filament used, the softer the monofilament higher would be the playability.
2. Multifilament strings: Multifilament strings are made up of many strands of material twisted
together to form the string. It does not have a core and is often coated on the outer for
providing protection to the string. These strings provide high playability as the shock absorbance
is very high. However, the durability of these strings is lesser than solid core or monofilament.
3. Solid core with single wrap: This type of strings contains a solid monofilament centre with a
single layer of fibres twisted around the core. Like multifilament strings, there are often coated
on the outside for protection.
4. Single core double winding: This type of strings contains a solid monofilament centre with a two
layers of fibres twisted around the core. The two fibres are twisted in different directions. Like
multifilament strings, there are often coated on the outside for protection. While the central
solid core gives durability the two windings increase playability of the string.
5. Multi-core with wraps: These have complex multi-cores with different fibres at each core. These
provide excellent playability and elasticity to the string.
6. Natural Gut strings: This is the oldest form of sport string, developed from the intestine of
sheep and bovine animals. They offer unmatched elasticity and playability. However, the life of
the string is dependent on the weather and the durability is low. These strings often require
regular stringing.
Key Applications
The key application of sport strings are in racquets sports primarily – badminton, tennis and squash.
320

The major use of sport strings in India is for badminton strings. Other racquets games like tennis and
squash make a relatively small part of the strings consumption in India. The majority of strings used in
India are imported primarily from China, Taiwan and Japan. There are very few manufacturers and 90%
of the strings are imported. There are many small players in India, who would import large reels of
strings and then provide them in SKUs to the retail industry.

The market for sport strings has been estimated using the demand side mapping. The demand for
racquets sports has been considered for this purpose. The total estimated market for sport strings in
India is 9.1 million metres worth Rs. 30 crore.
2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
Quantity (in million metres) 9.1 10.3 13.2

The market for sport strings is entirely dependent on demand for racquets sports. With the recent
performance in badminton and growing preference for tennis and squash the participation of sportsmen
in racquets games is rising. Currently badminton is the second most played game in India after cricket.
Given these facts, it is estimated that the demand for sport strings would grow considerably in near
future in line with that of sport equipments at 13% per annum in the next three years. Badminton would
continue to be the single largest driver for the industry in India.
Key Manufacturers
There are no major manufacturers for sport strings in India. However, some of the prominent
stakeholders in the Industry are Sunrise sports India Pvt. Ltd, the sole distributor for Yonex which
commands over 60% of badminton racquets sales and Sportiff India Pvt. Ltd, which is the exclusive
distributor for babalot tennis racquets and strings in India.

Close to 90% of the sport strings are imported into India. The imports occur in the three major HS codes.
The export of strings from India is limited to few natural gut strings and high end strings and is not
significant. The estimated import ad exports for strings and racquets is as shown below.
321

Applicable HS
HS codes HS code description Value
code family
Imports
95065100 Tennis racquets, W/N strung
95065910 Badminton racquets, W/N strung

9506 Rs. 61.7 Crore*
95069970 Tennis & badminton racquets
pressure
Exports
95065100 Tennis racquets, W/N strung
95065910 Badminton racquets, W/N strung

9506 Rs. 0.3 Crore*
95069970 Tennis & badminton racquets
pressure

*Contains data of both strings and racquets
The top five countries which are exporting sport strings to India are:
1. China
2. Taiwan
3. Japan
4. Singapore
5. France
Quality Standards
There are no existing Indian standards for sport strings.
322
Other Sportech Products
Sail cloth
Sail is a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing
vessel. Sails were used for in every type of boats before the advent of motorized boats. In the modern
times, the sails are used in sailing boats, yachts for sports and recreational purpose.
Earlier, sails were made from flax (linen), hemp or cotton in various forms including canvas. However,
modern sails are rarely made from natural fibres. Most sails are made from synthetic fibres ranging from
low-cost nylon or polyester to expensive aramids or carbon fibres.
The cotton canvas sails tend to wear out faster and are not capable of achieving high sail speeds. They
also tend to be more bulky compared to sails made of polyester and polyamides as they have a higher
strength to weight ratio.
The usage of sail cloth is primarily in the following segments:
 Luxury yachts - The demand of luxury yachts in India less. They have a huge potential for leisure
tourism as is the case in the developed countries. Royal Bombay Yatch Club is the leading yatch
club having membership of 90% of luxury yatch owners in India.
 Sporting sail boats - Sailing as a sport is yet to become popular in India. The Yachting
Association of India (YAI) is promoting the sport in the country, developing and training judges,
umpires and other administrators of the sport and representing the sailors in all matters
concerning the sport. There are 55 clubs affiliated to YAI, spread across various parts of the
country like the Kerala Yachting association, Tamil Nadu Sailing Association, etc. The sporting sail
boats use modern sail cloths which are made from synthetic fibres which are imported into
India. The sporting sails boats are categorized into various classes. There are 9 class associations
affiliated to YAI, ranging from the smallest, the Optimist Dingy, to the largest, the J 24 class. The
fabric requirement is dependent on the type of class.
Exhibit 216: Sail cloth requirement for different boats
Key classes of Yachts Requirement of Sail cloth
Type
in India per Yacht in square metre
Laser Centre boat 7.06
Laser Radial Centre boat 5.76
470 Centre boat 9.45
323
 Non motorized Fishing boats - These sail boats are used by small fishermen who cannot afford
the motorized fishing boats. These boats are propelled by sails made of natural fibres. The
canvas sails are being substituted by hand plastic sheeting or sacking.

The requirement for synthetic sail cloth is very small in India due to the small fleet size. The growth of
luxury yatch segment and the sport yatch sailing are the key drivers for the sail cloth industry in India.
However, after the 2009 terrorist attacks a series of restrictions has been put up on luxury yatch sailing.
In addition to that the increase in import tariff of luxury boats from 20% to 48% by the central
government has kept the demand down. The number of sail yatch in Indian waters is very low; as a
result the replacement market is very small.
In absence of any yatch manufacturer and small size of Indian fleet, there are no significant
manufacturers of sail cloth in India. The total market is entirely dependent on import of sail cloth which
was just about Rs. 12 lakh in 2012-13. The market is not expected to grow in a big way in coming years
due to various sailing restrictions on yatch and luxury boats and lack of proper parking bay. It is expected
to grow at 10%, due to the small base at which it currently stands.

The total import of sail fabric in 2012-13 was 12 lakh rupees equal to 2,005 sq. m. While the overall
imports have grown from less than Rs. 1 lakh in 2007-08, the market is still very small.
Raw materials
The performance of a sail depends on two crucial aspects: Sail Design and Sail cloth. The sail cloths are
tightly woven fabrics and mostly made of Polyester and polyamides like Nylon. These fabrics have a GSM
of 200-600. Some of the high value sail cloths are laminated using sheets of PET.
An ideal sail cloth should have the following properties:
 Tear resistance
 Modulus of elasticity: stretch resistance per weight
 High Tensile strength or tenacity
 High breaking strength per unit weight
 Good Creep properties (the long term stretch of a fibre or fabric)
 UV Resistance
324
Quality Standards
There are relevant Indian standards for sail cloth.
Snooker/ pool table cloth

The table cloth used for snooker, pool and billiards is a specialised high performance table cloth made
from worsted wool and nylon. The cloth is generally preferred in blue green, yellow green or electric
blue colours.
The cloth must have worsted wool by 80% to 85% of volume and nylon by 15% to 20% by volume
although 100% worsted wool cloth is preferred. The cloth should have the following characteristics:
 It must be non directional
 It should not pill or fluff
 It should not have a cloth backing
Market size and Trade trends

The market for pool table cloth in India is a very niche but rapidly growing segment. With a majority of
recreational avenues and club houses having pool, snooker and billiards table, the market is fast
growing. However, in India only the table is manufactured while the table cloth is imported mostly from
China and United Kingdom. The total domestic market is estimated at 34,437 metres worth Rs. 53 lakh,
which is entirely met by imports. The market is expected to grow at 10% to 12% in the coming three
years.

The total import of pool table cloth fabric in 2012-13 was Rs. 53 lakh with no exports at all. The exports
were pre-dominantly from China followed by United Kingdom. The major HS codes under which imports
happened has been shown as under:
Applicable HS
code family
Imports
5111 51111990 Others
5112 51121990 Other woven fabrics

Rs. 53 lakh
containing>=85% by wt. of combed
wool/fine animal of wt. exceeding
325
Applicable HS
code family
200 g/m2
51123090 Other woven fabrics mixed with
manmade staple fibres of combed
wool & fine animal hair
5911 59119090 Others
6307 63079090 Other made up articles other than

cotton
95042000 Articles & accessories for billiard
9504
9506 95069990 Other sports equipments
Quality Standards
There are relevant Indian standards for sail cloth.
326
6. Buildtech
The textile components and fabrics used in building and construction industry are called as building
technical textiles or Buildtech. These include products like tarpaulins which are used as roof coverings
and architectural textile hangers and tensile structures amongst others.
List of Products
The major products under the segment have been listed as under:
1. Architectural Membranes
2. Hoarding and signage
3. Tarpaulins – Canvas & HDPE
4. Awning and canopies
5. Scaffolding nets
6. Wall coverings
7. Acoustic fabrics
327
The total estimated market size of Buildtech is around Rs.2,514 Crore with domestic market valued at
Rs. 2,491 Crore. Domestic production caters to 85% of the market with imports catering to the other
15%.The product wise market size has been shown in Exhibit 218. The total market is expected to grow
at 12% in the next three years and is expected to touch Rs. 3,577 crore by 2015-16 and further to Rs.
4,587 crore by 2017-18, mainly driven by the domestic market with exports limited to just about Rs. 30
crore.
Exhibit 218: Market summary of Buildtech
Buildte 2013-14 (P)
2012-13 2015-16 (P)
ch
Prod
Buildte Domes Exp Domesti Exp Dome
uctio import Export Total
ch tic ort c ort stic
n
Value (in
Archite Rs. Crore) - 36
ctural 8 22 - 30 30 - 52
Membr Volume (in
anes lakh sq. m) - 7
2 4 - 6 6 - 10
Value (in
Hoardi Rs. Crore) 2 543
262.9 224 2.4 484.5 487 2 681
ng &
Volume (in
signage
Mn. sq. m) 1 183
89 75 1 163 164 1 229
Value (in
Canvas Rs. Crore) 19 391
- 412 1 18 395 413 23 383
tarpauli Volume (in
n Mn. sq. m) 2 47
50 0 2 48 50 3 46
Value (in
Rs. Crore) 1,432 4 2 1,434 1,436 2 1,649 3 2,181
HDPE Volume (in
tarpauli '000 MT)
n
124 0 0 124 124 0 143 0 189
Value (in
Awning Rs. Crore) 37 3 1 39 40 1 51 1 86
&
canopy Volume (in
lakh m)
328
Buildte 2013-14 (P)

2012-13 2015-16 (P)
ch
Prod
Buildte Domes Exp Domesti Exp Dome
uctio import Export Total
ch tic ort c ort stic
n
14 1 0 15 15 0 20 0 33
Value (in
Scaffol Rs. Crore) 97 - - 97 97 - 111 - 147
ding
Volume (in
Net
'000 MT) 12 - - 12 12 - 13 - 18
Value (in
Rs. Crore) 11 - - 11 11 - 13 17
Acousti
c fabric Volume (in
'000 MT) 284 - - 284 284 327 432
Value (in
2,260 254 23 2,491 2,514 25 2,794 30 3,548
Total Rs. Crore)
*Source: IMaCS analysis
Market size calculated as imports + domestic production
The products which have the highest market shares in Buildtech are floor and wall covering and HDPE
tarpaulins. Products like Architectural membranes and scaffolding nets are still in their nascent stage in
the industry and are expected to grow rapidly in coming years. Product segment wise market share has
been shown in the exhibit below.
329
Exhibit 219: Market size pie product wise - Buildtech
Scaffolding Market size Architectural

Net Membranes
4% (in Rs. 2,514 Crore) 1%
acoustic
fabric Hoarding &
1% signage
19%
Canvas -
tarpaulin
HDPE tarpaulin
17%
58%
Source: IMaCS analysis, excluding floor and wall carpets
Key Players
The key players of the segment have been listed as under:
 SRF Ltd.  Binni Ltd.

 Royal Cushion Vinyl Ltd  Rishi Techtex Ltd.
 Mehler Texologies  Garware Wall ropes Ltd.
 Serge Ferrari Ltd.  Bharat Textiles
 Gujarat Raffia industries  Gokak Textiles
 Mafatlal Industries
The profitability of key players is as shown:
Exhibit 220: Profitability of key players - Buildtech

Company Name 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12
Responsive Industries 83116 78620 3% 5%
SRF Ltd. 285590 265350 8% 11%
Royal Cushion Vinyl Ltd. -4695 -4604 -66% -32%
Gujarat Raffia Industries 1814 1365 2% 2%
Gujarat Crafts Pvt. Ltd. 2815 2076 2% 1%
Binni Ltd. 17242 17321 -2% 15%
Gokak Mills 10742 13736 -4% 4%
330

Company Name 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12
Bharat Textiles & Proofing Industry 572 514 3% 4%
Systems India Pvt. Ltd. 207 205 1% -

Buildtech is a growing segment of the Indian technical textile industry having a high potential for growth
in the next three to five years. The key products in the segment that show very promising prospects are:
 Awning and canopies: With the rising awareness regarding awnings and canopies and
higher spending on luxuries and appearances by both commercial establishments as well as
residential buildings, the demand for awning and canopies is fast growing in India. The market
has grown many folds from Rs. 2.5 crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 40 crore in 2012-13. In future it is
expected to grow at 25% during the next three to five years.
 Hoarding and signages: Hoarding and signages have grown substantially due growing
preference of flex fabrics for hoardings, advertisements as well as posters. The market has
grown at 23% during the last five years and is expected to grow at 12% during the next five
years. With limited domestic players like SRF, the market presents itself as a potential segment
of domestic investment. The key challenge faced by the players is the cheap imports from China.
 Architectural membranes: This is a fairly new product segment, which is currently

being supplied mostly through imports into India. The product finds usage in development of
temporary and permanent hangers for exhibitions, beautifications, use at stadiums, and other
places as a cheap and lasting substitute for construction. With the growing focus on exhibitions
and advertisements on hangars and tents during the same, the potential market of architectural
membranes have increased significantly in recent years. The market has grown at 15% during
the last five years and is expected to grow at the same rate during the next three to five years.
The detailed analysis of each product has been done in the subsequent sections.
331
Architectural membranes
Architectural membranes are relatively new construction materials being used in India. The applications
of architectural membranes include construction of permanent and semi-permanent structures such as
car park covers, cafes, walkways, hotels, outdoor entertainment areas, pool surrounds, greenhouses,
airports, stadiums, sports halls, exhibitions and display halls, storage bases for industrial and military
supplies and any venues that require protection against harsh UV rays, heat, glare, rain and wind. The
textile structures used for construction material can be classified into the following types:
 Clear-span structures: These structures provide a clear space beneath the fabric, free from
supporting elements. Clear span structures are less permanent than air or tensile structures
however, they accommodate doors, flooring, insulation, electricity and HVAC easily as compared
to tents.
 Tension structures: In this structure, the fabric is supported by metal pylons, tensioning cables,
wooden or metal frameworks. A relatively minimal rigid support system is required for these
structures since the fabric carries most of the load.
 Air Structures: The main components of an air supported system are the envelope (fabric),
inflation system (fans), anchorage system (cables and foundation), doors and access equipment.
Air pressure inside the envelope provides tensioning and maintains required configuration and
stability.
Architectural membranes are strong, energy efficient and aesthetically superior products that offer
flexibility to designers and architects thus, allowing high levels of creativity. The textile material used for
construction purpose is expected to be:
 Waterproof
 Fire retardant
 Resistant to deformation and extension under tension
 Impermeable to air and wind
 Resistant to abrasion and mechanical damage
 Resistant to sunlight and acid rain
 Resistant to microbial attack
332
Architectural membranes can be classified into two types:

Permanent membrane structures: These are high density tensile structures generally set up at long
term projects like the ones at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Delhi and the one at Mumbai Domestic
Airport. These have a life of 25 to 30 years and as per building norms they are made of FR fabric. These
are made of very high density fabrics having a GSM of around 470. With growing demand for
landscaping, the market for permanent architectural membranes is growing in India at 7% per annum.
Temporary Membrane Structures: Temporary membrane structures are made of fabrics with density of
around 270 GSM. These fabrics are used in making of artificial hangers at events like trade fairs,
exhibitions, etc.
Depending on application, the fabric may need to transmit or reflect different levels of light. Commonly
used coating for architectural membranes has been discussed as under:
 PVC coated polyester
PVC coated high tenacity polyester fabric with weight ranging from 600 gsm to 1100 gsm is used for
construction applications. The polyester base cloth is used because of its durability, strength and
relatively low cost. The base cloth is coated with PVC to impart the colour, strength and waterproof
properties. PVC coating also allows adjoining panels of fabric to be seamed by high frequency welding.
Most architectural PVC coated polyester fabrics have some sort of top-coating on their exterior surface
which improves the appearance of material, extends its life and allows self cleaning of material by rain
water. Different types of top-coatings include acrylic solutions, PVDF solutions and PVF film laminations.
Acrylic topcoat: This is the most economical and most widely available finish. It gives a transparent
glossy finish to the PVC. The acrylic coatings have a good resistance to UV degradation. It is a thin
coating, thus, this material is easy to fabricate and repair. Acrylic top-coats give the material a ten-year
lifespan depending on the ambient climatic conditions and air quality at the site where it is installed.
Polyvinylidene fluoride topcoat: This finish offers resistance to UV degradation, atmospheric chemical
attack, algae and fungal attack thus, is far superior to the acrylic topcoat. These properties result in a
membrane lifespan of 15 to 20 years depending on site conditions. Like acrylic top-coats, they are highly
flexible and resistant to cracking, making them easy to handle during installation. Though, owing to
chemical-resistant properties of PVDF the finished top-coated material cannot be welded. The top-
coating must be abraded off to effect welding which increases the cost of fabrication and involves risk.
333
PVDF/PVC top-coating: This is effectively a dilution of the PVDF topcoat; the finished fabric is wieldable
thus, offering saving in fabrication costs. Fabrics with this coating have a life expectancy of 10 to 15
years, depending on prevailing conditions.
Pedlar top-coating: Pedlar is the trade name for polyvinyl fluoride (PVF). This is a film-layer that is
laminated to the fabric during manufacture. This results in a thicker finished fabric that is more resistant
than its competitors to weather and chemical attack. It has superior self-cleaning capabilities than the
PVDF range of top-coatings and resists attack from graffiti, acid rain and bird droppings. For this reason
it is frequently specified for use in highly industrialized areas, high saline coastal zones and desert
environments. Having a thicker coating, it erodes at a much slower rate giving it a life expectancy of
about 25 years depending on conditions.
The Tedlar film renders the PVC sheet non-weld able. This problem is overcome by butt welds. Tedlar
top coated material is comparable in price to PVDF but substantially less costly than PTFE coated glass
fibre.
 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated glass fabric
PTFE coated glass fabric is a frequently specified material due to its life expectancy of 30 years,
depending on conditions. The woven fibreglass is incombustible, strong and does not undergo
significant stress relaxation. The PTFE or Teflon coating is incombustible and has good self-cleaning
ability. Fabrication of a PTFE membrane requires slow and specialized welding techniques under
controlled environmental conditions. It also requires extra care in handling and packaging due to
susceptibility to cracking and self-abrasion. These properties contribute to its high cost and to the need
for additional tensioning hardware for the finished fabric structure. The tensioning of PTFE glass fabric is
a slow process, as it requires incremental adjustment over long periods of time on site. This factor also
contributes to its higher cost.
However, due to cost factors, most of the architectural membranes used in India are made of PVC
coated fabrics.

In India, stadiums, airports, restaurants, hotels, residential complexes and shopping malls account for
majority of application of architectural membranes. According to industry experts, tensile structures are
now well accepted by the architects and builders on account of their light weight, aesthetic superiority
and the design flexibility offered by the product. The market for architectural membranes is at a nascent
stage for permanent structures. The market for permanent structures is estimated to be around 1.25
334
lakh sq. metres in India. On, the other hand the market for temporary structures is slowly catching up
with many exhibitors now preferring hangars and shades made of these structures to host events. Due
to its cheaper costs, these structures have a big replacement market. The current market for temporary
architectural structures in India is estimated to be around 3 lakh sq. metres.

The market for architectural membranes is estimated to be of Rs. 22 Crore in India worth 4.25 lakh sq
metres of fabric. Market has grown at 8% per annum for last five years since 2007-08 on account of
growing domestic demand. While demand for temporary structures used as hangars for conducting
exhibitions is a major driver.
2012-13
Quantity (in Lakh sq. m) 4.25
Key growth drivers

Growing demand for temporary architectural structures would be the biggest driver for the industry in
the future. Due to its quick replacement and growing scale of events and exhibitions occurring in India,
the demand for these structures is expected to see a significant rise in the coming years. On the other
hand with growing awareness and the focus of design and aesthetics, the market for permanent
structures are expected to grow at a relatively slower but stable rate in the next three years, driven
primarily by growing infrastructure development and corporate building constructions in India. The
domestic market for architectural membranes is expected to grow at 20% p.a during the next three
years till 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
The market of architectural membranes is entirely catered through imports.

The market is catered mainly through imports from Germany and France. Mehler Texologies, is the
largest importer of architectural membrane in India importing from its Germany. Other than Mehler,
Serge Ferrari is a French company providing architectural membrane solutions in India. These two
companies together cater to close to 90% of the industry demand. In addition to it, Hira Oka is a
Japanese tensile structure provider catering to the Indian market.
335
Exhibit 222: Export Import trends

HS code family Applicable HS codes 2007-08 2012-13
Imports
3921 & 3926 39219099
Rs. 15 Crore Rs. 22 Crore
39269029
*source: DGCIS, IMaCS analysis, Industry sources
The export import trend for architectural membranes is as shown in the exhibit below:
Imports
25 22
20
15
in Rs. crore
15
10
5
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
The major countries supplying architectural membranes to India are Germany, France and Japan.
Quality Standards
The parameters tested by Indian manufacturers for tensile membrane along with the test methods are
mentioned in the table below:
Parameter Test Method
Fire resistance testing BS 3119
Physical Testing IS-7016
Tearing Strength (Tongue Tear) BS-3424 7A
Resistance to Heat & Loss of Mass IS: 1259
Water Repellency IS-390

The desired properties depend on the end application and desired life of the tensile structure.
336
Hoarding and signage (Flex)
Hoardings / Signage are made of a translucent flexible textile substrate called flexible-face sign fabric.
Flexible-face sign fabric, also known as flex was developed as an alternative to rigid-faced substrates like
acrylic, plastic and polycarbonates. Besides hoardings, this material has applications in light boxes,
exhibits, trade show displays and majority of other static out of home (OOH) advertising.
Flex is preferred over its rigid counterparts since the material offers flexibility in taking on graphics. It is
amenable to screen printing, inkjet printing or painting, thus opening up more channels of creativity. As
a result, print consistency can be maintained across locations. It is possible to produce large seamless
signage using flex. Since this material is designed to withstand winds of speed 110 to 140 miles per hour,
it is ideal for huge billboards on the expressways and national highways. Moreover, it can be easily
transported because of its light weight and ease of handling.
Flex is made of a PVC coated polyester warp knitted fabric. The fabric is made from high tenacity
polyester filament yarn of denier ranging from 250 to 500. This fabric is coated with PVC and surface
treated with lacquer. The material has the following properties:
 Light transmission
 Printability
 Ultra Violet resistance
 Heat Seal ability
 Mildew resistance
 Anti wicking
Flex is available in different varieties depending on its application. The flex used for front-lit hoardings is
available in GSM ranging between 280 and 370 and that for back-lit hoardings is available in GSM
ranging from 450 to 650.

Flex is the most preferred material for hoardings / signage and other static OOH media. As per a FICCI
report on Indian advertising industry, bill boards and hoardings contribute to about 60% of the OOH
advertising industry. OOH media has assumed great significance because of considerable shift in
consumers’ lifestyles and suburban growth. Consumers spend an average of four hours a day travelling,
shopping and eating at out-of-home areas like airports, shopping malls, restaurants and multiplexes
337
which has resulted in increased importance of OOH media at these spaces. OOH industry is expected to
account for 70% of the total usage of flex fabric as hoarding and signage. In addition to the OOH
advertising industry, flex have also used extensively for promotion during public events, exhibitions,
trade fairs, local advertising and advertising on vehicles – trains, buses, etc. OOH
Hoardings are facing resistance because of potential traffic hazards as well as environmental hazards,
specifically in large. On the other hand, new/refurbished airports, highways, street furniture and
mushrooming retail space present opportunities for significant growth. Though the use of digital media
i.e. LCD, LED is expected to reduce the share of static advertising, the rate of adoption of digital media is
slow. Thus, flex is expected to continue as preferred media for the OOH advertising industry.
The average price of getting a front led printed flex fabric is Rs. 9 per sq. ft.

The market of flex fabric usage as hoarding and signage is estimated using the supply side inputs from
key manufacturers in India like SRF and the growth of OOH industry in India. The estimated market size
for 2012-13 is Rs. 487 Crore which is valued at 164 million sq. metres.
2012-13
Quantity (in million sq. m) 164
Market has grown at 30% per annum for last five years since 2007-08 on account of growing preference
of flex banners for bill boards. The market is expected to grow at 5% to 7% per annum during the
coming five years. With coming of Indian manufacturers, in the industry the share of Chinese imports
which once ruled the market has gone down to 50% of the market. The market is expected to grow at
12% in the coming three years, driven mainly by the OOH industry.

Growth of the bill board OOH advertising would be the key for the growth of the industry. In the last five
years, the use of flex fabric has made a very significant penetration in the bill board market with close to
95% of bill boards today using flex fabric, which led to goods growth rates. In the coming years, the
growth of the industry would be dependent on the growth of the bill board industry which is expected
to grow at 8.4% and the usage for small publicity events which is increasingly using flex fabric over other
alternatives. The domestic market is set to grow at 12% per annum till 2015-16.
338
Key Manufacturers
SRF Limited is the largest manufacturer of coated flex fabric in India accounting for more than 50% of
Indian production. In addition to it, there are many coated fabric players in the country in SME and
MSME segments that are involved in production of flex fabric in small quantities.

India is a big importer of flex fabric most of which come in from China. Total import of flex in India has
grown at 6% during the last five years reaching Rs. 224 Crore for 2012-13

HS code description Applicable
HS codes
Imports
3920 Plates, sheets etc. of polymers of styrene nes 39201019
other plates sheets of polymer of vinyl chloride 39203090
sheets of ploy-methyl meth-acrylate flexible 39204900
plain
poly acrylate sheets rigid, plain 39205112
poly acrylate sheets other 39205911
other of poly (vinyl butyral) 39205919
plates sheets films foil and strip of poly (vinyl 39209119
acetate) nes
plate sheet film foil and strip of co-polymer of 39209919
vinyl chloride and acetate other
others plate/ sheets etc. of other plastic n.e.s 39209939
plates sheets etc. of polymers of styrene nes 39209999
3921 plates etc of polymers of vinyl chloride 39211200
other plates sheets etc of other plastics 39211900 Rs. 224 Crore
cellular
other plates, sheets, film foil, strip etc, of 39219020
polymer of vinyl chloride : other
other plates, sheets, film foil, strip etc nes 39219096
flexible, laminated
other plats, sheets, film foil, strip etc nes other 39219099
4911 Posters- printed 49111010
other advertising matter printed 49111090
others 49111990
5903 other fabric impregnated, laminated plated 59031090
and coated with PVC
other fabrics impregnated laminated plated 59032090
and coated with polyurethane
Others poly (vinyl chloride) resins 39042110
other self-adhesive plates etc nes 39199090
339
HS code description Applicable

HS codes
other article of plastic nes 39269099

Exports
3920 other sheets of polyethylene 39201019
plates sheets etc. of polymers of styrene nes 39203090
other plates sheets of polymer of vinyl chloride 39204900
sheets of ply methyl methacrylte flexible plain 39205112
poly acrylate sheets rigid, plain 39205911
poly acrylate sheets other 39205919
other of poly (vinyl butyral) 39209119
plates sheets films foil and strip of poly (vinyl
acetate) nes 39209919
plate sheet film foil and strip of copolymer of
vinyl chloride and acetate other 39209939
others plate/ sheets etc. of other plastic n.e.s 39209999
3921 plates etc of polymers of vinyl chloride 39211200
other plates sheets etc of other plastics 39211900
cellular
Rs. 2.4 Crore
other plates, sheets, film foil, strip etc, of 39219020
polymer of vinyl chloride : other
other plates, sheets, film foil, strip etc nes 39219096
flexible, laminated
other plats, sheets, film foil, strip etc nes other 39219099
4911 Posters- printed 49111010
other advertising matter printed 49111090
others 49111990
5903 other fabric impregnated, laminated plated 59031090
and coated with PVC
other fabrics impregnated laminated plated 59032090
and coated with polyurethane
Others poly (vinyl chloride) resins 39042110
other self-adhesive plates etc nes 39199090
*source: DGFT, industry, IMaCS Analysis, DGCIS
The export import trend for hoarding and signage fabrics is as shown in the exhibit below:
340
Exports Imports
2.5 250 224
2
2 200
161
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
1.5 150
1 100
0.5 0.1 50
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The major countries exporting flex fabrics, hoarding and signage fabrics to India are:
1. Malaysia
2. South Korea
3. China
4. Thailand
5. Vietnam
Machinery details
The process of manufacturing flex involves coating the base fabric with PVC emulsion by either dip or
knife roll method followed by drying and curing. Drying and curing of the chemicals applied to the
substrate is accomplished by means of heat wherein the fabric is passed through an oven with
continuous circulation of hot air.
The domestic manufacturers/suppliers of coating lines are:
 ATE Pvt. Ltd
 Harish Enterprises
 Kuster Calico Machinery Ltd.
 Shreeji Engineering and Marketing Services
 Stovec Industries Ltd.
Quality Standards
There are no quality standards available for this product.
341
Tarpaulins - Canvas & HDPE
A tarpaulin or tarp is a large sheet of strong, flexible, water resistant or waterproof material.
Traditionally tarpaulins were made out of cotton however currently nylon and polyester fibre fabrics are
being increasingly used in manufacturing tarpaulins.
Tarpaulin is widely used for rain water protection in sheds, transportation - trucks & other automobiles,
storage godowns, boats, snowmobiles, construction sites, lumber, grain storage, temporary storages,
tents, ground-sheets, etc.
Tarpaulins are categorized as given below:-
1. Cotton canvas tarpaulins
2. HDPE/PP/Nylon tarpaulins
Tarpaulins are sheets made out of polyethylene, cotton canvas, jute, etc. Polyethylene tarpaulin is also
known as HDPE Tarpaulin, Laminated Tarpaulin, Plastic Tarpaulin, etc. Traditionally, cotton canvas had
been the more common form of tarpaulins, but, lately, HDPE woven and laminated fabric and
polyethylene sheets have replaced canvas in many of the applications.
Canvas Tarpaulin
Canvas tarpaulins are largely used as truck covers. Trucks travel long distances and hence come across
huge climatic variations. Given India’s rough environmental conditions, damage to goods is inevitable if
the goods are not adequately shielded. A steel body truck not only increases the weight of the truck but
also reduces the fuel efficiency. Thus, truck tarpaulin covers are widely used as truck covers. As the
logistics industry is getting more and more organised, the product liability clauses are being enforced on
the logistics players leading to increase in usage of truck covers. Moreover, the advent of organised
players in retail industry has also given boost to the use of well covered trucks.
Canvas Tarpaulin covers are made of cotton canvas or nylon or polyester fibre fabrics coated with PVC.
The cotton fabric is available in GSM ranging from 380 to 500. Vinyl coated polyester fabrics are 610
GSM to 678 GSM with the base fabric of 102 GSM to 107 GSM. These fabrics being heavy have lower
elongation, minimum shrinkage over wide range of temperature and humidity conditions and resistance
to UV degradation
342

The key application of canvas tarpaulins is as truck covers. In India, road is the dominant mode of
transportation carrying almost 65% of the country’s freight. Truck transport accounts for majority of the
goods transfer through road and thus, holds immense significance. Around 3.1 lakh new trucks are sold
in 2012-13, increasing at 16% y-o-y for the last four years. Each truck requires about three to four
tarpaulins, one to two out of which is generally of canvas. An average canvas is of 70 sq m and has a life
of 18 months. The market size for canvas tarpaulins has been estimated using the demand from HCV –
trucks and buses. The sale figures for HCV and buses are as shown:
Exhibit 227: Sale of MCVs in India
2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10
M & H goods carrier
sales 3.17 3.30 2.91 2.04
(in lakh nos.)
M & H Passenger
carrier sales 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.46
(in Lakh nos.)
*Source: SIAM

The total domestic market size for canvas tarpaulins in India is estimated to be of 48 million sq. metres
amounting to Rs. 395 Crore with exports worth Rs. 18 crore. The total market is estimated at Rs. 413
crore of 50 million sq. m.
Exhibit 228: Market size estimate for canvas tarpaulins
2012-13
The domestic market for tarpaulin has been growing at a very slow rate due to increasing preference for
HDPE tarpaulins which are not only cheaper but also water proof. The domestic market has dropped at
5% y-o-y, while exports have increased at 33% to reach Rs. 18 Crore.

Usage by the trucking industry which accounts for a major demand for canvas tarpaulins remains to be
the major growth driver for canvas tarpaulins. The market for tarpaulins is expected to decline at 1% per
annum till 2015-16 owing to increasing replacement by HDPE tarpaulins. At the same time with, a
favourable growth in exports at 10% for the next three years is expected till 2015-16, as more and more
manufacturers look to export options, due to slowing domestic market.
343
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of canvas tarpaulins in India are Gokak textiles, SRF limited and Bharat textiles. The
industry is highly fragmented with many players in the un-organised sector. Key manufacturers of
canvas tarpaulins are:
 Shri Arjun Tarpaulin industry – Salem
 Delhi Tirpal House – New Delhi
 Calcutta canvas Company – Chennai
 Daisy trading company – Mumbai
 Lamifab Industries - Mumbai

India imports of canvas tarpaulin in very small at just Rs. 1 Crore. However, India has slowly grown as a
supplier of tarpaulins with the exports going up from Rs. 5 Crore to Rs. 17 Crore in last five years
Applicable HS
HS code family HS code description 2012-13
codes
Imports
5901 Prepared painting – 59011020
canvas
5907 Other textile fabrics 59070099
6306 Jute tarpaulins 63061910 Rs. 1 Crore
Tents of other 63062910

fabrics
Exports
5901, Prepared painting – 59011020
canvas
Other textile fabrics 59070099
6306 Jute tarpaulins 63061910 Rs. 17.5 Crore
Other tents 63061990
Tents of other 63062990
fabrics
*source: DGFT, industry, IMaCS Analysis, DGCIS
The export import trend for canvas tarpaulins is as shown in the exhibit below:
344
Exports Imports
20 18 80
66
15 60
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
10 40
5
5 20
1
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The major countries to which India exports canvas tarpaulins are:

2. Canada
4. Germany
5. Sri Lanka
Machinery details
The domestic manufacturers/suppliers of coating lines are:
 ATE Pvt. Ltd
 Harish Enterprises
 Kuster Calico Machinery Ltd.
 Shreeji Engineering and Marketing Services
 Stovec Industries Ltd.
345
HDPE Tarpaulins
Polyethylene tarpaulin is also known as HDPE Tarpaulin, Laminated Tarpaulin, Plastic Tarpaulin, etc.
Polythene Tarpaulins are made of High Density Polythene woven fabric laminated on both sides with
low density polythene. The advantages of PE tarpaulins are that they are very economic compared to
cotton canvas tarpaulins. PE tarpaulins with HDPE woven fabric and LDPE lamination on both the sides
are 100% waterproof. PE tarpaulins have the capability to adopt wide range of colours unlike the canvas
tarpaulin which makes it more usable and a preferred product all over the world.
The polyethylene tarpaulin usually ranges from 70-500 gsm. The most popular characteristics in
tarpaulins are listed below:
Parameter Characteristics
GSM : From 100 to 350 gsm
Mesh : From 8 X 8 to 14 X 14
Denier : From 700 up to 1200
Width : 6ft and above
Length : 6 ft and above
Lamination : LDPE Lamination on both sides
Color : Blue, Yellow, Black, Silver/Blue,
Silver/White, Silver/Black
The density of tarpaulin depends on the layers. A three layer tarpaulin can have density from 72 GSM up
to 200 GSM and a five layer tarpaulin; it can go up to 300 GSM, giving it higher strength and durability.
HDPE tarpaulins are generally available in standard sizes of 15ft X 12ft, 18ft X 12ft, 18ft X 15ft, 24ft
X 18ft, 24ft X 16ft and 30ft x 30ft. UV stabilization can also be done on the tarpaulin.

HDPE tarpaulins finds application in a number of industries like for truck tarpaulins, raffia industry and
for water proof covers for tents and other outdoor arrangements.

HDPE tarpaulins are a major part of the raffia industry. The domestic market of HDPE tarpaulins is
estimated to be 1.24 lakh MT worth Rs. 1434 Crore in 2012-13 with exports worth Rs. 2 crore. The total
market size is estimated to be Rs. 1436 crore
346
Exhibit 231: Domestic Market size estimate

2012-13
Quantity (in ‘000 MT) 124
Value (in Rs. Crore) Rs. 1436 Crore

The market of Tarpaulins is dependent on user industries like trucking and raffia industry. While the
trucking industry is growing at 16%, raffia industry is expected to grow at around 8% in the coming
years. These would be main drivers for demand of HDPE tarpaulins. The domestic market is expected to
grow at 15% per annum. The export of HDPE tarpaulins is currently very small compared to domestic
market and is expected to grow at 10% per annum till 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of HDPE Tarpaulins are:
 Gujarat Craft
 Gujarat Raffia
 Binni Limited
 Mafatlal Industries Ltd.

India does small foreign trade in HDPE tarpaulins. The export of
HS code family HS Code description Applicable HS codes 2012-13
Imports
3926 Other articles of 39269099
plastic
Rs. 4.2 Crore
6306 Tarpaulins, etc of 63061200
synthetic fibres
Others 63061990
63062990
Exports
3926 Other articles of 39269099
plastic
Rs. 2.2 Crore
6306 Tarpaulins, etc of 63061200
synthetic fibres
347
HS code family HS Code description Applicable HS codes 2012-13
Others 63061990
63062990
*source: DGFT, DGCIS IMaCS Analysis
The export import trend for HDPE tarpaulins is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
2.5 5
2 4
2 4
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
1.5 1.25 3
1.75
1 2
0.5 1
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top countries supplying HDPE tarpaulins to India are China and South Korea. They account for over
95% of total Indian imports.
The top five countries importing HDPE tarpaulins from India are:
1. Tanzania
2. Kenya
4. Germany
5. Mozambique
Machinery details
The main machine required for tarpaulin manufacturing is the 8-10 Wide width Shuttle Loom. The main
suppliers of these looms in India are:
348
Quality Standards
IS 7903:2005 is the standard applicable to HDPE tarpaulins
349
Awnings and Canopies
An awning is a secondary covering attached to the exterior wall of a building. With the addition of
columns an awning becomes a canopy, which is able to extend further from a building, as in the case of
an entrance to a hotel.
The location of an awning on a building may be above a window, a door, or above the area along a
sidewalk. Restaurants often use awnings broad enough to cover substantial outdoor area for outdoor
dining, parties or reception. In commercial buildings, an awning is often painted with information such
as the name, business, and address, thus acting as a sign or billboard in addition to providing shade from
the sun, break from steep winds and protection from rain or snow. The key benefits of an awning or a
canopy are weather protection, decoration and identification.
An awning fabric gives an extremely high level of protection from UV radiation. This degree of
protection depends on the colour of the fabric. Lighter colours let more UV light through than the dark
colours, but they remain as effective as a factor 50 sunscreen (filtering out more than 90% of UV
radiation).
The fabric for awnings & canopies usually varies from 400-700 gsm, though it can also be higher
depending upon the fabric used. Advantages of Awnings and canopies are as shown under:
 Weather protection
 High tear strength
 Long lasting
 Good breaking strength
 Does not get warped
 Weld able
 Good drape
 Aesthetic appeal combined with strength
Most of the awning fabrics are used for development of garden and terrace awnings used primarily in
Hospitality and residential segments.
350

The market of awnings and canopies has been estimated based on inputs from key players. The total
market for awnings and canopies is shown in the exhibit below.
2012-13
Quantity (in lakh m) 15
The market for awnings and canopies has grown on account of increasing usage by the hospitality sector
and residential preference for terrace awnings, demand from Indian shop keepers and growth in
exports.

Growth in the real-estate segment especially hotels, fast food places, sale counters, etc is driving the
usage of awnings and canopies in India. With increasing awareness and growing preference for awnings
from high end retail establishments, hotels and restaurants, the domestic market is expected to grow at
30% per annum up to 2015-16. The exports, although at a very nascent stage currently is also expected
to grow at 10% per annum up to 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
SRF and Systems India Pvt. Ltd. are the key players in the awning fabric market in India. Players like Alps
Industries and Khosla Profils also manufacture awning fabrics.

The import of awning and canopies in India has increased over years. Yet due to the specialised nature
of the product, the total market for foreign trade remains small.
Imports
3926 other article of plastic 39269099
nes
5407 other woven fabrics 54072090 Rs. 2.8 Crore
from strip/the like
5512 woven fabric, other 55122990
containing
351
acrylic/mod-acrylic
>=85%
6306 Others 63061990
Exports
3926 other article of plastic 39269099
nes
5407 other woven fabrics 54072090
from strip/the like
5512 woven fabric, other 55122990 Rs. 0.8 Crore
containing
acrylic/mod-acrylic
>=85%
6306 Others 63061990
*source: DGFT, DGCIS IMaCS Analysis
The export import trend for awning fabrics is as shown in the exhibit below:
Imports
4
3
3
in Rs. crore
1 0.5
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
The key importers of awning fabric are:

 Systems India Pvt. Ltd – Authorised for Dickson & KITEX (Korea PVC awning)
 Mac Décor Ltd.
 Sujan Impex, Mumbai – Authorised for Serge Ferrari – French company
Machinery details
Key machinery suppliers for making of awning fabrics and awnings are:
 Yamuna Industries, Umbergaon
 Swatik Industries, Ahmadabad
352
 Shakti Industries, Mumbai

 Web Processing, UK
 Coatema, Germany
 Zimmer, Germany
353
Scaffolding nets
Scaffolding netting is a lightweight fabric used to cover a building under construction in order to
improve the safety of construction site. It acts as a bi-fold barrier on a building under construction. The
net prevents debris from falling out of building and also hides away unsightly work areas giving a tidier
look.
However, the application of scaffolding nets is not limited to just buildings, but people increasingly use
them for fencing, car shade covering and as floor matting during functions due to easy and cheap
availability of the nets.
The section also covers textile based insect nets for buildings, which are mostly made from high tensile
polyester fibres or fibreglass. This forms a very small part of the insect netting market in India which is
mostly catered by PVC coated steel nettings or almunium nettings.
Scaffolding nets are knitted from High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) UV stabilized monofilament yarn.
The UV stabilizers added to HDPE develop resistance to UV rays thus, increasing the product life.
Scaffolding nets are available in different weights and shading factors ranging from 50% to 90%. These
nets are low GSM products with GSM of around 270.
Building insect nettings are knitted from hightensile polyester which wold provide the firmness to the
nettings. These have robust designs, high tensile strength and are easy to fit so that it can be easily
installed using velcros or pins on the windows and doors. The size of the mesh is dependent on the
requirement; usually smaller size of up to 0.88mm mesh is preffered for protection from mosquitos and
flies.

Scaffolding nets are used to cover scaffoldings used in construction of the building. These are mostly
used in making of bridges and large commercial and residential buildings. However, although the
awareness for the product has increased over years, the market penetration is still very low and very
limited builders mostly in the metro cities use scaffolding nets. As per market insights scaffolding nets
contribute to about 20% of the total cost of using scaffolding with scaffolding net.
354

The market of scaffolding nets including textile based building insect nest has been arrived by mapping
the total netting production in India and excluding the nettings used in shade and plant nets.
2012-13

The growing awareness about use of scaffolding nets for construction is the major driver for the
industry. The use is mostly for construction of high rise buildings in the metro cities. Hence the growth
of real-estate construction in the key metros would be the major growth driver along with increasing
preference for these nets. Secondary drivers would be construction of infrastructure projects like
bridges. In addition, the alternate uses of scaffolding nets as a make shift arrangement for tents,
fencing, floor covering, etc constitute a major chunk of the market of scaffolding nets. With wide spread
awareness in the metro cities and regular use by construction companies and increasing use of
scaffolding nets as alternative to costlier nettings and covers, the domestic market is expected to grow
at a rate of 15% per annum during the coming three years.
Key Manufacturers
Scaffolding nets in India is mainly manufactured by the large netting companies like Garware Wall ropes,
Rishi Techtex Ltd., Safe nets, Kwality Nets Manufacturing Co. Pvt., Ltd. and Netlon Ltd. However, the
manufacturing of scaffolding nets is a very small part of their overall netting business.

There is very little foreign trade of scaffolding nets in India with both imports and exports of less than
Rs. 1 lakh
Machinery details
Scaffolding nets are knitted from High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) UV stabilized monofilament yarn.
The UV stabilizers added to HDPE develop resistance to UV rays thus, increasing the product life.
The Rachel knitting machines used for manufacturing nets are mostly imported. GCL India Pvt. Ltd
355
The Indian associates/suppliers of these machinery are:
 ATE engineering (Mumbai) for Karl Mayer
Quality Standards
There are no available quality standards for scaffolding nets.
356
Wall coverings
Wall covering items can be classified as following:-

 PVC wall coverings & Printed PVC wall coverings
 Non-woven wall coverings
Wall coverings in India is a very small market, most of which is of PVC coated polyester or PVC wall
coverings. Wall covering market in India also faces stiff competition from paper based wall coverings,
which is a major share of the total wall covering market.
Wall covering are of three types:
1. Vinyl coated paper wall papers: these have paper as substrate and a coating of PVC or vinyl for
protection and enhanced features like washability.
2. Paper backed vinyl sheet: these are vinyl wall coverings where in the paper is added as a
backing, while vinyl solid layer acts the decorative face. These are very durable and can be
scrubbed or peeled off.
3. Fabric backed vinyl: these are fabric based wall papers that have a vinyl decorative face with a
woven or a non woven fabric as substrate. These are the only types of wall coverings that can be
classified as technical textile products due to the use of textiles and non woven as backing.
Key Applications
Wall coverings are increasingly used for decorative purposes in India and abroad. The key applications
are in restaurants, hotels, hospitals and lately use for residential purposes is also increasing.

Indian market of wall covering is mostly controlled by paper based vinyl coverings. These products are
now extensively being used by the commercial and infrastructure sectors at Hotels, restaurants,
Commercial real-estates, major outlets, hospitals and Airports. Due to lower costing the share of paper
based wall coverings is very high in the market. The market is in a growing stage with very few players
most of whom are organised. However, the share of technical textile wall coverings is very small.
Obeetee Textiles is the only major player of textile based wall coverings. Other key players in the
Industry is Marshalls India enterprise Pvt. Ltd., however, it has major business in paper based wall
coverings.
357
The market has grown at 10% during the last five years mainly driven by the growing domestic demand
which has grown at 13% over the last five years. Exports on the other hand have grown at a relatively
slower pace at just 5%.

These products are now extensively being used by the commercial and infrastructure sectors at Hotels,
restaurants, Commercial real-estates, major outlets, hospitals and Airports. Increasing use of these
products and growing preference for decorative and better aesthetics which in turn is driven by the
growing living standards in India. The preference of vinyl floor covering and wall coverings especially in
commercial and office establishment is expected to drive the domestic market at a high rate. This along
with the growing exports is expected to drive the market at 10% per annum during the coming three
years
Key Manufacturers
Obeetee textiles is the only major manufacturer of textile based wall coverings.

In absence of key manufacturers, the share of imports of wall coverings is high. India imports a total of
Rs. 13 crore worth of wall coverings, a majority of which are paper based wall coverings. The exports of
wall coverings stand at Rs. 26 crore.
Exhibit 238: Export import trends
HS code description Applicable HS
codes
Imports
3918, 3920, wall /ceiling cover comb with
3921, 3925 & knitted/ woven fabrics, 39181010
3926 nonwovens/felts of PVC
other polymers of vinyl chloride 39181090
wall /ceiling cover comb with
knitted/ woven fabrics, 39189020
nonwovens/felts of other plastics
floor covering of other plastics nes 39189090 Rs. 13 Crore*
plates sheets films foil and strip of 39209919
poly (vinyl acetate) nes
others plate/ sheets etc. of other 39209999
plastic n.e.s
other plates, sheets, film foil, strip
etc, of polymer of vinyl chloride : 39219029
other
358

codes
other builder ware of plastics of 39259010

poly-urethane
other builders ware of plastics nes 39259090
other decorative sheets 39264059
5701, 5702 , carpets and other textile floor
5703 & 5705 coverings of wool or fine animal 57011000
hair, knotted
carpets and floor coverings 57019090
knotted other than cotton
carpets 57023110
carpets, carpeting and rugs 57023210
carpets of wool/fine animal hair 57024110
other incl. druggets 57024290
100% polyamide tufted velour, cut
pile/ loop-pile carpet mats with 57032020
jute, rubber latex or polyurethane
foam baking
0ther mats and matting 57032090
100% polypropylene carpet mats
with jute, rubber, latex 0r PU foam 57033020
baking
other textile floor coverings of 57033090
other man-made textile material
other textile floor coverings, w/n 57050090
made up
Others floor coverings and mats 40169100
others 42050090
wallpaper and similar wall 48142000
coverings consisting of paper
coated/covered on face side with a
grained embossed coloured
etc/decorated layer or plastic
Exports
3918, 3920, wall /ceiling cover comb with
3921, 3925 & knitted/ woven fabrics, 39181010
3926 nonwovens/felts of PVC
other polymers of vinyl chloride 39181090 Rs. 27 Crore*
wall /ceiling cover comb with
knitted/ woven fabrics, 39189020
nonwovens/felts of other plastics
359

codes
floor covering of other plastics nes 39189090

plates sheets films foil and strip of
39209919
poly (vinyl acetate) nes
others plate/ sheets etc. of other
39209999
plastic n.e.s
other plates, sheets, film foil, strip
etc, of polymer of vinyl chloride : 39219029
other
other builder ware of plastics of
39259010
poly-urethane
other builders ware of plastics nes 39259090
other decorative sheets 39264059
5701, 5702 , carpets and other textile floor
5703 & 5705 coverings of wool or fine animal 57011000
Others hair, knotted
carpets and floor coverings
57019090
knotted other than cotton
carpets 57023110
carpets of wool/fine animal hair 57024110
other incl. druggets 57024290
100% polyamide tufted velour, cut
pile/ loop-pile carpet mats with
57032020
jute, rubber latex or polyurethane
foam baking
0ther mats and matting 57032090
100% polypropylene carpet mats
with jute, rubber, latex 0r PU foam 57033020
baking
other textile floor coverings of
57033090
other man-made textile material
other textile floor coverings, w/n
57050090
made up
Others floor coverings and mats
40169100
3918, 3920, others 42050090
3921, 3925 & wallpaper and similar wall
48142000
3926 coverings consisting of paper
coated/covered on face side with a
grained embossed coloured
etc/decorated layer or plastic
*source: DGFT,, IMaCS Analysis DGCIS
*Includes both wall coverings and floor coverings
360
The major countries which are supplying floor and wall coverings to India are:
1. South Korea
2. Netherlands
3. Germany
4. China
5. Italy
The top countries to which India has been exporting wall coverings are:
1. Dijbouti
3. South Korea
361
Acoustic fabrics
Acoustic fabrics are polyester based needle punched non woven fabrics used for covering walls and
ceilings in multiplexes, auditoriums, music studios, stadiums, etc. These fabrics help in dissipating the
kinetic energy of the sound in the form of heat, when the sound passes through the fabric, thereby
reducing the noise and sound.
Acoustic fabrics are needle punched or thermo bonded nonwoven fabrics mostly made of polyester. Due
to its porous nature non woven fabrics act as goods acoustic fabrics. The key parameters defining their
sound absorption capacity are:
 Fibre parameters: It involves various characteristics of the fibre that makes it a goods absorbent
o Fibre type: Different fibres absorb sound differently. Polyester has the highest sound
absorbing capacity followed by cotton, polypropylene and viscose in that order.
o Fibre size: The finer fibres having a denier from 1.5 to 6 denier per filament have a
higher sound absorption capacity than coarser ones
o Cross section and surface area: The higher the surface area and cross sectional area,
more would be the friction for sound waves. Hence, fibres with larger cross sectional
surface areas are better at absorbing sound waves.
o Porosity of fibres is another major parameter, which significantly impacts sound
reduction. The more porous the fibre is, higher would be the sound reduction.
 Fabric parameters: The key fabric properties that help as acoustic fabrics are:
o Air flow resistance: The higher the follow resistance of the non woven fabric, the greater
would be the friction between the sound wave and the fabric leading to increased
dissipation of energy as friction. Hence, higher resistance helps the non woven in
becoming better acoustic fabric
o Porosity and tortousity: The number, size and type of pours significantly impact the
sound reduction capacity of the fabric. Similarly, the impact of internal structure of the
fabric on the sound absorption capacity is measured by tortousity. High frequency
sound is more easily absorbed by fabrics with high tortousity.
362
o Thickness: Thickness is a major factor in absorbing low frequency sounds. A fabric acts
as the best attenuator, when the thickness of material is close to 1/10 th of the sound
wavelength.
Similarly, the orientation of the web for non woven, density and coatings also impact sound absorption
capacity of the acoustic textiles. For best results the non woven fabric should be placed as vertical
lapped layers.
Key Applications
Non woven acoustic fabrics have recently become popular as acoustic fabrics against the traditional
glass wool insulators. These are increasingly being used in multiplexes, auditoriums and music studios.
However, given the vast scale at which multiplexes are coming, currently the multiplex industry is the
major driver for the industry

Majority of acoustic fabrics are being used in multiplexes. With the vast scope in growth of the multiplex
industry and rapid launch of new screens by all the major players in the industry, the demand for
acoustic fabrics is expected to grow rapidly. Currently there are 1600 multiplex screens in India and
around 350 screens are estimated to be added in 2013. PVR along with Cineplex are leading the growth
with close to 80 to 100 new screens planned every year, followed by Big cinemas and INOX which are
adding around 50 screens every year. Since the life of the non woven acoustic fabric is close to 10 years,
the replacement market has not yet spurred in India.

The market of acoustic fabrics has been calculated using demand side estimation driven through the
average requirement of a multiplex. On an average 1.5 MT of acoustic fabric is used for covering 20,000
sq ft of space. The total estimated market for acoustic fabrics in India is 284 MT worth Rs. 11 crore.
2012-13
363

The growing life style and demand for entertainment avenues particularly the growth of multiplexes and
auditoriums are the critical drivers for the acoustic fabric market in India. With multiplexes growing at
20%, the market for acoustic fabrics is also expected to grow at 15% per year for the next three years.
Key Manufacturers
Acoustic fabric manufacturers in India are mostly the non woven manufacturers who employ needle
punch or chemo bonded technology. Ginni Spectra is a major manufacturer of thermal and chemical
bonded acoustic non woven fabric. There are also many small non woven manufacturers who would be
supplying to this industry.

There is very little foreign trade of acoustic fabrics in India with both imports and exports of less than Rs.
1 crore, as most of the product can be developed locally as non woven fabric.
Quality Standards
There are no available quality standards for acoustic fabrics
364
7. Clothtech
The technical components of garments, made out of fabric or yarn, which are there to cater to specific
functional needs of the garment are termed as cloth technical textiles or Clothtech. These include
components like zippers, interlinings, industrial sewing threads, laces, elastics and Velcro among others.
List of Products
The major products under Clothtech have been listed as under:
1. Laces and tapes
2. Interlinings
3. Zip fasteners
4. Elastic Narrow fabric.
5. Hook and Loop fastener
6. labels and badges
7. Umbrella cloth
8. Industrial Sewing threads
365

The total estimated market size of Clothtech is around Rs. 4,835 Crore in 2012-13 with domestic market
valued at Rs. 4,649 Crore constituting 96% of the total market. Domestic production caters to 89% of the
market with imports catering to the other 11%.The product wise market size has been shown in Exhibit
240. The market has grown at 7% during the last five years and is expected to reach a total of Rs. 6,591
crore by 2015-16, growing at 11% p.a. and further to Rs. 8,133 crore by 2017-18
Exhibit 240: Market summary of Clothtech
Clothtec 2013-14 (E)
h
Clothtec Produc Import Export Dom Total Expo Dome Exp Dome
h tion estic rt stic ort stic
Value (in Rs.
Laces Crore) 478 59 10 527 537 11 590 14 740
and
Volume (in
tapes
MT) 4,093 506 86 4,513 4,599 96 5,055 120 6,341
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 485 171 9 647 656 10 692 11 792
Interlini
ng Volume (in
Mn. Sq. m) 185 65 3 246 250 4 264 4 302
Zip Value (in Rs.
fastener Crore) 183 3 20 166 186 22 179 28 209
tape
(T T Volume (in
Compon Mn. metres)
813 13 89 738 826 100 797 125 929
ent)
Value (in Rs.
Elastic Crore) 829 91 90 830 920 90 955 90 1,263
narrow
Volume (in
tape
Mn. metres) 2,256 248 245 2,259 2,503 245 2,597 245 3,435
Value (in Rs.
Hook Crore) 137 43 1 179 180 1 206 1 272
and loop
Volume (in
fastener
Mn. metres) 264 83 2 345 347 2 396 2 524
Labels Value (in Rs.

and Crore) 1,578 94 36 1,636 1,672 40 1,800 48 2,178
366
Clothtec 2013-14 (E)

h
Clothtec Produc Import Export Dom Total Expo Dome Exp Dome
h tion estic rt stic ort stic
Badges Volume (in
Mn. pieces) 20,24
19,526 1,163 445 4 20,690 490 22,269 593 26,945
Umbrell
a
1,030 1,030 - 1,030
Market
Umbrell Value (in Rs.
a cloth Crore) 30 76 3 103 106 3 113 3 137
(T T
Volume (in
Compon
Mn. Sq. m) 3 9 0 12 12 0 13 0 15
ent)
Specialis Value (in Rs.
ed and Crore) 548 30 17 562 578 17 629 17 789
Industri
al Volume (in
Sewing '000 MT)
22 1 1 22 23 1 25 1 32
thread
4,268 567 186 4,649 4,835 193 5,163 211 6,379

Total In Rs. Crore
*Source IMaCS analysis
Market size has been calculated as Domestic market + exports
Market sizes of umbrella market and sewing threads are only indicative and have not been considered in total
The market is well distributed across segments, with labels and elastic narrow fabrics having the
maximum share of 34% and 18% of entire Clothtech segment. Product segment wise market share has
been shown in Exhibit 241.
367
Exhibit 241: Market size pie product wise - Clothtech
Market size
Sewing thread
12% Laces and tapes
Umbrella cloth 11%
2%
Interlining
13%
Zip fastener tape
Labels and badges 4%
35% Elastic narrow
fabric
19%
Hook and loop

fastener
4%
Players & Profitability

 Ruby Mills
 Bombay Dyeing
 Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn
 Y KK India Ltd.
 Sky Industries
 Siddhartha Filaments
 Spica Elastics Pvt. Ltd.
 K Nonwovens
 Freudenberg Nonwovens India Ltd.
 S L Benthic Industries
 Mills
 Precot Meridian
 Madura Coats
The profitability of these players is as shown:
368
Exhibit 242: Profitability of key Clothtech players

Company Name 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12
Ruby Mills 50145 48314 15% 29%
Bombay Dyeing 225958 230468 3.2% 2.6%
Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn 215703 232291 -21% 5%
Avery Dennison India Ltd. -31337 -24974 -1% -
YKK India - 17492 - 4%
Sky Industries 1948 2204 -1% -6%
Spica Industries Ltd. - 3667 - 10%
Siddhartha Filaments - 143 - 0%
Yardman Yarn & Threads Ltd. - 40214 - 9%
Precot Meridian Ltd. 37654 25451 3% -9%
Madura Coats Pvt. Ltd. 56325 48134 5% 4%
Source: Annual reports, capitaline, vccedge

Clothtech is a matured segment of Indian technical textile industry growing at a set rate in line with the
clothing and textile industry of India. It is also one of the oldest technical textile segments of India. While
most of the products,, have already been through their early growth, the rising demand for clothing and
new fashion has been driving the industry which is expected to grow at 7% per annum during the next
three years. The high potential product for the segment is:
 Laces and tapes: Indian laces and tapes market is entirely driven by the consumption in
footwear. With the domestic footwear industry growing at 12.5 % and the branded footwear
sales expected to grow at 20%, the product sees a decent potential for growth in the coming
future. The market for laces and tapes is expected to grow at 12% per annum.
369
Laces and tapes
Laces and tapes are small trimmed narrow fabrics used in the clothing sector. These include – shoe
laces, tapes and laces used in apparels in particular ladies dresses. Shoe laces are the largest component
of it accounting for close to 95% of the demand for laces and tapes.
Shoe lace is a band that pulls the shoe together to hold it to the foot. A shoelace consists of two
components: a tape that pulls the shoe tightly together, and an aglet, the hardened taped end that fits
through the eyelets on a shoe or boot. Shoe laces are also known as shoestrings or boot laces
Shoe Laces also find application in garments (kids wear), shopping bags, office stationary, home
decoration etc. However the consumption in these applications is negligible as compared to that in the
footwear industry.
Shoe laces are primarily made of Polyester, Cotton and Nylon. Polyester shoe laces dominate the market
because of higher durability and better anti-slip properties. Cotton shoe laces are waxed to improve
their performance and appearance.
Shoe laces are manufactured in variety of colours, shapes and sizes. Shoe laces are available in colours
such as white, black, brown, blue, green, red, orange, yellow, etc. as well as colour combinations and
patterns based on customer requirements. The product can be flat, round or oval in shape. Round laces
are generally used for leather/formal shoes where as flat laces find majority of its application in
sport/casual shoes.
Type of lace Average Width / Diameter
Flat 8-10 mm
Round 3-5 mm
Shoe laces are manufactured in standard sizes of 24”, 30”, 36”, 48” etc. as well as custom made as per
the required length which depends on the application. The 24” and 30” sizes constitute 80% of the
market.
370
Market dynamics and key growth drivers

Shoe laces are a commodity product. The simple technology level and minimal functionality of the
product make it difficult for manufacturers to differentiate their products. Since the product contributes
a small share to the total cost of footwear, most footwear manufacturers allow their manufacturing
units to source shoe laces locally rather than doing centralised purchase. Thus, cost competitiveness and
ability to provide variety of shades are the critical factors for success.
With India being the second largest manufacturer of foot-wears in the world producing 2,065 million
pairs in 2012-13, foot-wears are the biggest driver for shoe lace market in India. Export of footwear from
India is estimated to be of 115 million pairs.
The Indian footwear retail market is anticipated to surge at a CAGR of 12% during the next three to five
years on driven by demand from Mass footwear and economy footwear which are expected to grow at
over 30%. With growing preference for casual foot-wears without laces, the demand for covered foot-
wears having laces is estimated to be 650 million pairs.

Market size of laces and tapes is mainly constituted by the demand for shoe laces. The market for shoe
laces is estimated through the demand for closed foot-wears in India. The total domestic market of laces
and tapes is estimated to be of 4,513 MT worth Rs. 527 Crore with exports market of about Rs. 10 Crore.
Exhibit 243: Total Market size estimate for laces & tapes
2012-13
The market has grown considerably over the last five years at 25% per annum driven by the growing
demand for shoe laces by the footwear industry which is growing leaps and bounds.

The market for shoe laces is entirely driven by the footwear industry of India, which is growing at 12%
per annum. The demand for shoe laces is expected to grow in line with the closed footwear industry.
The replacement market of shoe laces although is declining with quicker replacement of shoes. The
market for shoe laces is expected to grow at 12% per annum during the next three years.
371
Key Manufacturers
The shoe lace manufacturers are predominantly SSI units and are located in the footwear manufacturing
clusters of Agra, Chennai, Vellore, Kanpur, Kolkata etc. Some of the manufacturers of shoe laces are:-
 Neelam shoe lace industry (Delhi),
 Indian Shoe lace (Agra). Indian shoe Lace Company has a capacity of manufacturing 25,000 shoe
lace pairs per day.

The estimated export and import of laces and tapes has grown over the period. While imports have
shown a growth of 31% exports have grown by 21% in the last five years.
Exhibit 244: Import export trends – laces & tapes

HS code HS code description Applicable HS 2012-13
family codes
Imports
5806 other narrow woven fabrics containing by wt 5% 58062000
or more of elastomeric yarn/rubber thread
narrow woven fabrics, other than labels & badges;
narrow fabrics consisting of warp without weft 58063120
assembled by means of an adhesive - of cotton -
newar cotton
58063910
goat hair puttis tape
narrow fabrics consisting of warp without weft
assembled by means of an adhesive (bolducs) - of 58063990
other textile material - others
5808 Braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings in the Rs. 59 Crore
piece, without embroidery, other than knitted or
crocheted; tassels, pompons and similar articles -
58081090
braids, in pieces other than of cotton
58089010
Ornamental tapes of cotton
58089040
Ribbons of rayon with ornamental edges
Braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings in the
crocheted; tassels, pompons and similar articles - 58089090
OTHERS
Exports
5806 other narrow woven fabrics containing by wt 5% 58062000
or more of elastomeric yarn/rubber thread
narrow woven fabrics, other than labels & badges; Rs. 10 Crore
narrow fabrics consisting of warp without weft 58063120
assembled by means of an adhesive - of cotton -
372

family codes
newar cotton
58063910
goat hair puttis tape
narrow fabrics consisting of warp without weft
assembled by means of an adhesive (bolducs) - of 58063990
other textile material - others
5808 Braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings in the
braids, in pieces other than of cotton
58089010
Ornamental tapes of cotton
58089040
Ribbons of rayon with ornamental edges
Braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings in the
OTHERS
The export import trend for laces and tapes is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
12 10 80
10 59
60
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
8
6 40
4 20
20
2
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top five countries from where laces and tapes are imported into India are:
1. Hong Kong
2. China
3. Indonesia
4. Germany
5. Taiwan
373
Amongst these, Hong Kong and China account for majority of imports.
On the export side the major countries to which laces and tapes are exported to are:
1. USA
2. Bangladesh
3. Indonesia
4. UAE
5. Saudi Arabia
These five countries account for over 60% of total Indian exports.
Machinery details
The machinery used for making of shoe laces includes:
 Braining Machine
 Tipping machine
 Waxing machine
Quality Standards
While there are no quality standards for making of laces and tapes, BIS does specify standard for show
laces under IS 6590:1972. However, manufacturers test shoe laces at FDDI.
374
Interlinings
Interlining is a fabric used between the inner and outer layer of the garment to improve shape
retention, strength or bulk. Different types of interlinings have been discussed as under:
The interlinings are of two types based on how they are placed in the fabric -
 Fusible interlining – The interlining which is fused between the fabric by application of heat and
pressure are called as fusible interlinings. It is generally a base fabric with coating of LDPE or HDPE.
These are commonly seen in readymade garments due to the following reasons:
 It can be produced at a consistent quality through a production process
 It allows better crease retention
 Non fusible interlining – this type of interlining is either woven between the fabrics or stitched
without application of any heat or pressure.
Interlinings can also be classified based on the construct of it as woven and non-woven. Interlining may
be woven, knitted or non-woven made out of Cotton, Polyester, Polyester/Cotton or Polyester/Viscose
blend. Nonwoven interlining is available in weight ranging from 18 gsm to 70 gsm whereas woven
interlining is available in weight ranging from 120 gsm to 250 gsm. Both woven and non woven
interlinings are available in fusible as well as non-fusible varieties.
Applications
Interlining finds application in the cuffs, collars and plackets of shirts and in the lapels, fronts, collars and
pockets of tailored jackets and blazers, in the waistbands, flies, pockets and belt loops of men's trousers.
Another big market for interlining is the ladies brassieres. Invisible from the outside, interlinings ensures
accurate fit and optimum wearer comfort and thus, form an important part of the garment. The kind
and type of interlining used depends on the costing of the garment. In addition, interlinings can also be
found in shoes and furnishings to provide shape, however garment sector is the largest market for
interlining.
375

The demand for interlining is governed by the demand for garments. Readymade and tailor made shirts
account for 80% of consumption of interlining, the balance 20% of interlining being consumed in other
garments i.e. trousers, jackets, ladies dresses, suits.
The men’s readymade shirt market in India was 537 12million pieces in 2012-13 with the shirting market
of another 2007 million metres, which corresponds to roughly 916 2 million pieces. Considering the
average requirement of interlining per shirt to be 0.15 sq. metres, the total demand for interlining for
shirts is estimated to be 197 million sq. metres. This is expected to account for 80% of total interlining
market; hence the domestic interlining market is expected to be 246 million sq. metres valued at Rs. 647
Crore.

The market size of interlinings in India for 2012-13 inclusive of exports is estimated to be Rs. 656 Crore
equivalents to 250 million sq. m
Exhibit 246: Market size estimate - interlinings
2012-13
The market of interlining fabric has grown at 6% per annum during the last five years driven by the
increasing use in shirting fabrics. While the consumption of shirts in India has grown by only 3% per
annum, usage of more interlining to provide better value addition has led to higher growth of interlining
market.

The major growth drivers for the interlining industry in India in the coming future:
 Apparel Industry – Apparel industry in particular the Men’s shirt segment accounts for 80% of
use of interlining. It is a fast growing segment and is expected to grow at 4% to 5% in the coming
years. With usage close to 15 to 20 cm per shirt, the interlining industry is expected to grow in
12 It is extrapolated from annual market data for 2010 taken from National Household survey 2011 – Market for
textiles and clothing
376
line with it. In addition, the growing export of RMG and apparels from India which is expected
to grow at 8% to 10% would further act as a growth driver.
 Women’s undergarment – Interlining are also used in making of brassieres for women, which is
also a major driver for interlinings. It has a market size of 60 million pieces and is expected to
grow at 15% annually. The high growth rate is going to be a major driver for the industry.
Impediments
 Price sensitivity in the garment industry – Indian garment industry is highly price competitive
with a majority of readymade garments being sold at lower price points. On an average 65% of
the total shirt market is of low price shirts which either do not use interlining or use a cheap
interlining. Many of these garments do not use adequate amount and quality of interlining
required, thus curbing the market size.
The domestic market for interlinings is expected to grow at 7% per annum during the coming three
years, while exports are expected to grow at 6% during the same period.
Key Manufacturers
The interlining market in India is organised one with few key players. The major players of woven
interlinings in India are:
 Ruby Mills
 Bombay Dyeing
 Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn
 Talreja Textiles and
 Ashima Syntex
In addition to these the major players producing non-woven interlinings are:
 Supreme Non woven
 Freudenberg Non woven
 K K Non woven

The imports of interlining have grown by 19% per annum during the last five years and stood at Rs. 171
Crore. This growth in imports can be attributed to the low cost cheaper imports from China and the slow
capacity addition into Indian manufacturing during the last five years. While domestic demand for
interlining grew at 6%, Indian manufacturing of interlining grew at only 3%.
377
Export of interlining from India has been stagnant over the last five years growing by a mere 1%. The
exhibit below shows different HS codes and the total import export statistics for interlinings.
Exhibit 247: Import export trends - interlinings
HS code HS code description Applicable 2012-13
family HS codes
Imports
5407 Other woven fabrics, containing 85% or more by
weight of filaments of nylon or other 54074230
polyamides: dyed: nylon taffeta
Other woven fabrics, containing 85% or more by
polyamides: printed: nylon taffeta
Woven fabrics containing 85% or more by weight
54076900
of other than non-textured polyester filaments
other woven fabrics, containing less than 85 % by
54078290
weight of synthetic - others
5408 Woven fabrics containing more than 85% or
more by weight of artificial filament or strip or 54082215
the like: dyed woven fabrics of rayon: rayon
taffeta
Printed - other woven fabrics, containing 85 %
or more by weight of artificial filament or strip or 54082415
the like --rayon taffeta , printed
Dyed woven fabrics of artificial filament yarn,
including woven fabrics obtained from materials 54083213
of 67 decitex or more - rayon taffeta ,dyed
Printed woven fabrics of artificial filament yarn,
54083415 Rs. 171
including woven fabrics obtained from materials
of 67 decitex or more -rayon taffeta
Crore
5512 & 5513 Other woven fabrics, dyed containing polyester
55121910
>= 85% by weight
Woven fabrics of other polyester staple fibres -
55132300
dyed
5603 Man-made filaments or non woven weighing <25
56031100
g/sqm
56031200
man-made filament weighing>25g /sqm
man-made filament weighing between 70g/sqm 56031300
and 150g/sqm
56031400
man-made filament weighing >150g/sqm
nonwovens, whether or not impregnated,
coated, covered or laminated weighing not more
56039100
than 25 g/sqm - 'other filament weighing
coated, covered or laminated weighing between
25 g/sqm to 70 g/sqm - other filament weighing 56039200
between 25g/sqm and 70g/sqm
56039300
378

family HS codes

70 g/sqm to 150 g/sqm - other filament weighing
'nonwovens, whether or not impregnated,
coated, covered or laminated weighing more
than 150g/sqm - other filament weighing 56039400
>150g/sqm
5903 Other fabric impregnated, laminated plated and
59031090
coated with PVC
cotton fabrics, impregnated, coated etc with
59039010
other plastics
other fabric plated laminated coated 59039090
impregnated with other plastics
6217 other made up clothing accessories; parts of
garments or of clothing accessories - others and 62179090
trimmings of other textile fibres
Exports
5407 Other woven fabrics, containing 85% or more by
polyamides: dyed: nylon taffeta
Other woven fabrics, containing 85% or more by
polyamides: printed: nylon taffeta
Woven fabrics containing 85% or more by weight 54076900
of other than non-textured polyester filaments
other woven fabrics, containing less than 85 % by 54078290
weight of synthetic - others
5408 Woven fabrics containing more than 85% or
more by weight of artificial filament or strip or 54082215
the like: dyed woven fabrics of rayon: rayon
taffeta
Printed - other woven fabrics, containing 85 %
or more by weight of artificial filament or strip or 54082415 Rs. 9 Crore
the like --rayon taffeta , printed
Dyed woven fabrics of artificial filament yarn,
of 67 decitex or more - rayon taffeta ,dyed
Printed woven fabrics of artificial filament yarn,
of 67 decitex or more -rayon taffeta
5512 & 5513 Other woven fabrics, dyed containing polyester
55121910
>= 85% by weight
Woven fabrics of other polyester staple fibres - 55132300
dyed
5603 Man-made filaments or non woven weighing <25 56031100
g/sqm
56031200
man-made filament weighing>25g /sqm
379

family HS codes
man-made filament weighing between 70g/sqm

56031300
and 150g/sqm
56031400
man-made filament weighing >150g/sqm
coated, covered or laminated weighing not more 56039100
than 25 g/sqm - 'other filament weighing
56039200
56039300
'nonwovens, whether or not impregnated,
coated, covered or laminated weighing more
than 150g/sqm - other filament weighing
56039400
>150g/sqm
5903 Other fabric impregnated, laminated plated and
59031090
coated with PVC
cotton fabrics, impregnated, coated etc with 59039010
other plastics
other fabric plated laminated coated
59039090
impregnated with other plastics
6217 other made up clothing accessories; parts of
garments or of clothing accessories - others and
62179090
trimmings of other textile fibres
The export import trend for interlinings is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
10 8.5 9 200 171
8 150
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
6
100 85
4
2 50
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
380
The top five countries exporting woven interlinings to India are:

For woven Interlinings
1. China
2. Hong Kong
4. Germany
5. Singapore
And for non woven interlining the top exporting countries are:
1. China
2. Hong Kong
3. Taiwan
5. Germany
For both woven as well as non woven China has the lion’s share in imports accounting for over 70% of
total interlining imports into India.
On the export side the major countries to which woven interlinings are exported to are:
1. Bangladesh
2. Vietnam
3. Indonesia
4. Saudi Arabia
5. UAE
These five countries account for over 80% of total Indian exports. Non woven interlining exports from
India is insignificant at just 3% of total interlining exports
Machinery details
Key machinery for making of non-woven interlinings are supplied by:
 A.T.E. Pvt. Ltd
 Dhall Enterprise and Engineers Ltd.
 Hi- tech Engineers
Quality Standards
There are no set quality parameters for interlinings
381
Zip fasteners
Zip fasteners are is a fastening device temporarily joining the two edges of fabric. The idea of a fabric
fastener was first introduced in 1893 by Whitcomb L Judson, who suggested them as shoe fasteners.
However the first type of zip fasteners was introduced only in 1914, when Gideon Sundback came out
with the first version of modern zip which he called as the hook-less hooker. It got its name as the zipper
in 1922.
The zipper has following main components:
 The slider – it slides over the teeth stringer and acts as fastener.
 The teeth stringers – these are attached to the zip fastening tape and act as the element which
is fastened by the slider.
 The zip fastening tape - It is the technical textile part of the zipper. It is a narrow strip of about
12 mm to 15 mm attaching the zipper to the fabric.
The zip fastener tape is generally made of polyester or cotton mixed with polyester due to its longer life
and higher strength. The raw material mostly polyester, is easily available in India with Reliance catering
to a major chunk of it. Due to high domestic production, there is negligible import of polyester for zipper
making. The zip fastener tape can constitute anything between 1% to 10% of the zipper’s value
depending on the type of slider and puller used. On an average it is higher for polyester zippers and
lower for metallic zippers.
Applications
The usage norm for zip fastener tapes for different types of zippers is:
Exhibit 249: Product characteristics

Average width Average length
S. No. Type of zipper
of fastener tape of fastener tape
1. Open ended zippers 15 mm 20 to 22 mm
2. Close ended zipper 12 mm to 15 mm 7 mm
382
The major application areas of zippers have been enlisted as under:

Exhibit 250: Major application of Zippers
S. No. Type of zipper Applications
1.
L type coil Trousers, Skirts
2. Spiral coil Trousers, Skirts, Jackets, Shoes, Luggage, bags
3. Invisible zippers Ladies dresses, Leather shoes, skirts
4. Plastic zippers Track suits, T shirts, Men’s shirts, Jackets
Denim , Cotton trousers, Jackets, Industrial
5. Metallic zippers wears, Tents, Shoes

The market size of zip fastening tape is completely dependent and directly proportional to the usage of
zippers. Apparel and home textiles account for 70% of the zip usage. In apparels, trousers, jeans, cushion
covers and ladies frocks account for close to 80% of the use of zippers in textiles. In addition to this the
usage of zippers is also prominent in soft luggage industry, leather goods like boots and purses. The
market size for zip fastening tape has been estimated based on the current market for apparels.

Based on the consumption of different apparels and home textiles in India as per National Household
survey for Market of textiles and clothing, and the consumption norms as per industry discussions, the
domestic market for zip fastening tape is estimated to be Rs. 166 Crore equivalent to 778 million metres
with exports worth Rs. 20 crore. The total market size is shown as under:
Exhibit 251: Market size estimate – zipper tape fabric
2012-13
Quantity (in Million metres) 826
The market of zip fastening tape has grown at over 10% per annum during the last five years driven by
the growing market for jeans and trousers. While other apparels have grown in single digits, the trouser
market of India has grown by a phenomenal 22% during the last five years, driving the demand for zip
fastening tapes. While the market for apparels is a matured market and is expected to grow by about 5%
to 10% annually, the increasing demand in soft luggage, growing preference for leather boots and
purses would help the market grow in the coming years.
383

The major growth drivers for the zipper tape industry in India is the apparel industry
 Apparel Industry – Apparel industry which accounts for 80% of use of zippers and is expected to
grow at 4% to 5% in the coming years. With usage close to 7 inches per garment, the Zipper
fastening tape industry is expected to grow in line with it. In addition, the growing export of
RMG and apparels from India which is expected to grow at 8% to 10% would further act as a
growth driver. It also provides the seasonal nature to the zipper fastening tape industry with
higher demands prior to the sale seasons
 Leather goods industry – Jackets, Purses & Boots - This is the fastest growing segment for
zipper industry. With the increasing fashion appeal, this segment is bound to grow in double
digits, and accounts for close to 10% of zip fastening tape usage.
 Luggage and bags industry – The second major driver is the luggage industry of India. Although
most of the zippers used here are un-organised this might not be using a zip fastening tape and
fabric but any other cheap fabric to bring down the cost. However, if this segment can be
targeted for use of technical textile tape, it can be a goods future growth prospect.
Impediments
 Use of normal fabric as fastening tape in un-organised industry – In the un-organised zipper
industry of India, which accounts for close to 80% of zipper production, cost is a major factor.
Hence to compete, many players use the normal fabric instead of the technical textile zip
fastening fabric in zippers. With little awareness about the zip fastening fabric and very small
share of the fabric in over all zipper, most such replacement go un-questioned.
The domestic market for zip fasteners in India is expected to grow at 8% driven by the increasing
requirement in apparel and soft luggage category. The export demand for zip fastener tapes is mainly
driven by increasing exports of zippers, is expected to grow at 12%.
Key Manufacturers
There are only a few major players in the zipper industry of India with close to 80% of the domestic
zipper market being catered by the un-organised players as per industry estimates. In the organised
segment YKK India Pvt. Ltd. Is the largest player catering to close to 70% of the total organised market.
Other major players being Madura Coats, Optics Zippers, Ideal Zippers and Tex Corp Pvt. Ltd. These
organised players mainly play in the Ready to wear garment section and Jackets section of the apparel
384
industry and with exports from India, 90% of which is from organised sector. On the other hand, the vast
luggage, bags, furnishing and ready to stitch segment is catered mainly by the un-organised small
players.

The imports of zippers and zipper tapes have reduced in India over the last five years declining at 22%.
The major credit goes to the increasing domestic production by players like YKK India Ltd. YKK India Ltd
is also a major exporter of zippers from India. The total export of zipper tape is estimated to be around
Rs. 20 Crore for 2012-13.

HS code family Applicable HS 2012-13
codes
Imports
9607 Others 96071190
Zip fasteners 96071910
Rs. 3
Slide fasteners made of others - 96071990 Crore*
others
Parts of slide fasteners 96072000
Exports
9607 Others 96071190
Zip fasteners 96071910
Rs. 20
Slide fasteners made of others - 96071990 Crore*
others
Parts of slide fasteners 96072000
Source: IMaCS analysis, DGCIS
*Above figures have been arrived at by calculating zipper export and imports and taking at 15% share of the value as the value of zipper tape as
per industry norm.
The export import trend for zipper fastener tape is as shown in the exhibit below:
385
Exports Imports
25 8 7
20
20 6
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
15
4 3
10
5 2
1.5
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top five countries exporting zippers and zipper fastener tapes into India are:
1. China
2. Hong Kong
3. Turkey
4. Taiwan
5. Japan
Out of these countries China/Hong Kong account for 86% of exports into India.
The top countries to which we export zippers and zip fastening tapes are:
1. Bangladesh
2. Pakistan
3. Sri Lanka
4. Egypt
5. Vietnam
Quality Standards
The main quality standards applicable for the zip fasteners in India are: IS 8894/3184/4829. Other
international standards are JIS-S3015 and ASTM D2061-1998
386
Elastic Narrow Fabrics
Elastic narrow fabrics are used as an input to the garments to provide elasticity to the fabric wherever
required. It is an important input to the undergarment industry and are commonly used in other
garments i.e. shorts, jackets and skirts, moulded luggage, baby diapers, sports goods, medical goods,
etc.
Elastic narrow fabrics are made from an elastomeric yarn and yarns made from cotton, polyester and
nylon. More than 3000 different varieties of elastic fabrics are manufactured however, based on
manufacturing technology they can be classified as woven and knitted. The fabric is expected to have
the following properties
 Stretch-ability
 Shrink resistance
 Durability to regular wash
 Soft feel
Knitted elastic tapes are generally available in widths 8 mm, 12 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm. Woven elastic
tapes range in widths 25 mm, 32 mm and 38 mm. These elastic tapes are primarily used for
undergarments. The narrow fabric is made with or without logo along the length depending on
customer’s requirement.
Key application areas of elastic narrow fabrics

Elastic narrow fabric find usage in the vast hosiery market of India, particularly in the under wears
produced. In addition, elastic narrow fabrics are also used in garmenting industry in particular, children
and women wear and in baby diapers.

The market size of elastic narrow fabric is dependent on the hosiery industry in particular the
undergarments section which accounts for close to 60% of the elastic narrow fabric market. In addition
it is also used in the children and women wear. The average requirement of elastic narrow fabric in
under wears is about 90 cm for women undergarments and about 2.5 m for men’s undergarment. The
total market for undergarments for men and women is estimated to be 1065 million pieces in 2012-13
as derived from the National Household survey on textile and clothing.
387

The domestic market size of elastic narrow fabrics in India for 2012-13 is estimated to be of 2,259
million metres worth Rs. 830 Crore. Taking into account the export market of Rs. 90 Crore, the total
market potential for 2012-13 is Rs. 920 Crore. The table below gives the market size estimates of elastic
narrow fabric for 2012-13.
Exhibit 254: Market size estimate – elastic narrow fabric
2012-13
Quantity (in Million metres) 2,503
The market of elastic narrow fabric has grown at over 10% during the last five years. The major part of
this growth can be attributed to the domestic market which has grown by 18%, while the export market
has been declining at 13% y-o-y. Domestic market has also seen volume growth of 21% indicating the
growing demand of elastic fabric in Indian manufacturing sector.

The major growth drivers for the elastic narrow fabric industry are:
 Undergarment Industry – It is the largest driver of interlining market accounting for nearly 60%
of total consumption. In the undergarment industry the men’s undergarment make up for 70%
of the market growing at a good rate of 11%, while the women’s undergarment is the rest 30%
growing at a goods rate of 11%. Hence the undergarment industry is expected to grow at around
5% and would be the primary driver for elastic narrow fabrics.
 Children’s clothing – Baba suits – The children clothing is another major sector using elastic
narrow fabrics. It stood at 303 million pieces in 2010 and is expected to grow at a slow rate of
3%.
The domestic market of elastic narrow tapes is expected to grow at 15% during the next three years
till 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
The manufacturing capacity for elastic narrow fabric in India is highly fragmented, with only a very few
large players. Spica Elastic Private Limited is the largest manufacturer of narrow elastic fabrics in India
with installed capacity of 18 million metres of narrow fabrics per month. The company has vertically
integrated production facilities and manufactures broad range of products including men’s jacquard
388
elastics for briefs and boxers, men’s plain elastics for briefs and boxers, bra strap elastics and ladies
panty elastics in 100% Cotton, Nylon and Polyester. In addition to Spica other key players in the
organised sector, these are:
 Sky Industries
 B R Elastic
 Siddhartha Filaments
 Premco Global
 Tulip Elastic
 Agarwal elastic
 MP tapes
 JV tapes
 Clifton tapes
 Kumar Elastics
 Kohinoor elastics
 Balaji tapes
The above mentioned players account for 45% to 50% of elastic narrow fabric production in India.

The imports of elastic narrow fabric have grown to Rs. 91 Crore in 2012-13 from Rs. 65 Crore in 2011-12.
The rise in import was due to lower production by the industry leaders – Spica Industries. However,
from 2007-08 to 2011-12, the imports have remained stagnant indicating that, the entire growth in
market was catered by domestic players. During the last five years, the manufacturing of elastic narrow
fabrics has also gone up by 12% y-o-y.
The market for exports has seen a decline of 13% during the last five years and is currently pegged at Rs.
90 Crore as compared to Rs. 155 Crore in 2007-08. The table below gives details of import and export
HS codes used for international trade.

family codes
Imports
5806 & 5808 58061000 Rs. 91 Crore
narrow woven pile fabrics (includes terry
389

family codes
twilling & similar terry fabrics)and chenille

fabrics
60012200
looped pile fabrics of man-made fibres
knitted or crocheted fabrics containing
elastomeric yarn>=5% by wt but not rubber 60024000
thread
knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not
exceeding 30 cm, containing by weight 5 %
or more of elastomeric yarn or rubber
thread - other knitted or crocheted fabrics 60029000
of width less than 30 cm
6001 , 6002 warp knitted fabrics of wool or fine animal 60059000
& 6005 hair
other narrow woven fabrics containing by
wt 5% or more of elastomeric yarn/rubber 58062000
thread
narrow fabrics consisting of warp without
weft assembled by means of an adhesive of
other textile materials excluding labels and
58063990
badges - others
braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings
in the piece, without embroidery, other
than knitted or crocheted; tassels,
pompons and similar articles of other 58089090
materials - others
Exports
5806 & 5808 narrow woven pile fabrics (includes terry
twilling & similar terry fabrics)and chenille 58061000
fabrics
60012200
looped pile fabrics of man-made fibres
knitted or crocheted fabrics containing
elastomeric yarn>=5% by wt but not rubber 60024000
thread
knitted or crocheted fabrics of a width not
exceeding 30 cm, containing by weight 5 %
or more of elastomeric yarn or rubber Rs. 90 Crore
thread - other knitted or crocheted fabrics
60029000
of width less than 30 cm
6001 , 6002 warp knitted fabrics of wool or fine animal 60059000
& 6005 hair
other narrow woven fabrics containing by
wt 5% or more of elastomeric yarn/rubber 58062000
thread
narrow fabrics consisting of warp without
weft assembled by means of an adhesive of 58063990
390

family codes
badges - others
braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings
pompons and similar articles of other
58089090
materials - others
The export import trend for elastic narrow fabric is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
200 100 91
155
150 80 65
in Rs. crore
100
90 in Rs. crore 60
40
50 20
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top five countries from where elastic narrow fabrics are imported into India are:
6. Hong Kong
7. Sri Lanka
8. China
9. France
10. Germany
Amongst these Hong Kong and Sri Lanka account for majority of imports, with China slowly catching up.
The major countries to which elastic narrow fabrics are exported to are:
6. Vietnam
7. Sri Lanka
8. Bangladesh
9. Pakistan
10. Jordon
391
Amongst these, Vietnam and Bangladesh are the key importing countries of elastic narrow fabric from
India accounting for over 70% of total Indian exports.
Machinery details
The key machinery suppliers in India are:
Company Machines supplied
Trikso India Machineries, High Speed Needle Looms
Ahmedabad Festooning machine
Warping Machine
Elastic finishing machine
Measuring & spool winding machine
Susmatex Machinery Electric Jacquard For Narrow Fabric Loom
Ltd., Ahmedabad Needle Loom
Warping Machine
Other key suppliers of machinery are:

 A.T.E Pvt. Ltd.
 Biance Textile Solutions (I) Pvt. Ltd.
 Laxmi Automatic Loom Works
 Himson Textile Engineering Industries Pvt. Ltd.
Quality Standards
In absence of any set parameter the manufacturer of the elastic narrow fabric usually follows the
breaking strength and elongation specifications given by the customer.
392
Hook and Loop fasteners
Velcro is a brand name of the fabric hook-and-loop fasteners however today it is used as a generic term
for the product hook & loop tape fasteners. Hook and loop (H&L) fasteners consist of a combination of
two separate woven tapes, one called as hook tape and the other as loop tape. The tapes display
excellent fastening properties when placed in contact with each other and thus offer hundreds of
potential closure systems (fastening applications) for a wide range of applications.
H&L fasteners are generally made of Nylon and Polyester. The product is available in width ranging from
12 mm to 125 mm and length of 25 meters though it can be produced in any length depending upon the
customer’s requirement. The H&L fastener of 1 meter length and 25 mm of width, weighs 7.5 grams.
Applications and consumption norms
H&L fasteners are easy to use, safe and maintenance free. The effectiveness of the fastener is
maintained even after repeated fastening and unfastening. Thus, the product has achieved good
penetration in various application areas. H&L fasteners find application in industries such as:
 Leather garments/furnishings
 Surgical and orthopaedic apparatus
 Shoes and footwear manufacturing
 Luggage/bag manufacturers
 Toys
 Plastic goods
 Automobile upholstery and various other industry segments.
The consumption norm and requirement of hook and loop fastener in different applications has been
shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 257: Consumption norms for H & L fasteners
Application Consumption norm for H & L fastener
Shoes 5 to 15 cm
Defense clothing 50 to 75 cm
Automobile 50 to 100 cm
Saddlery 75 to 100 cm
Netting Equivalent to the perimeter of the net
Bags Varies from 5 to 50 depending on the product
Cushion cover 5 to 25 cm
393
Application Consumption norm for H & L fastener
Sleeping bag 50 cm to 2 meters

Robe 5 to 10 cm
*source: industry insights, secondary research
In addition to the above mentioned common applications hook and loop fastener was used to hold
together a human heart during the first artificial heart surgery. It is also used in nuclear power plants
and army tanks to hold flashlights to walls. Cars use it to bond headliners, floor mats and speaker
covers. It is used in the home when pleating draperies, holding carpets in place and attaching
upholstery, among many other things. It closes backpacks, briefcases and Trapper Keepers, secures
pockets and holds disposable diapers on babies. It is used in surfboard leashes and orthopaedic braces.
H&L fasteners made of Teflon loops, polyester hooks, and glass backing is used on space shuttles.

H&L fasteners are used as fastening system in a variety of areas. Footwear industry is the major
consumer of H&L fastener accounting for around 20-25% of the total consumption. In the footwear
industry especially these fasteners are used in the kids and speciality sports category. Defence segment
consumes H&L fasteners in clothing and other accessories and is the second largest application area
with around 7-10% usage. Other important segments which consume around 10% of H&L fasteners are
nettings, automobile and saddlery segment. Other applications include orthopaedic goods, sports goods,
leather goods, abrasives, stationary, luggage etc. The price of H&L fasteners is indirectly related to the
oil prices as the raw material (nylon/polyester) is a petroleum product. However the price variations are
not proportionate and are experienced after a long time lag.

The market for hook and loop fasteners has been estimated using the manufacturing of the major
suppliers – Sky Industries and Siddhartha filaments who together account for close to 75% of organised
market. The market size of hook and loop fasteners in India for 2012-13 inclusive of exports is estimated
to be of 347 million metres valued at Rs. 180 Crore.
Exhibit 258: Market size estimate – Hook & loop fasteners
2012-13
Quantity (in Million metres) 347
394

Key growth driver for hook and loop fasteners has been the growing demand for Velcro based foot-
wears and the soft luggage industry. The foot wear market is growing at 12% per annum which is
expected to drive the growth in coming years. In addition to that, the soft luggage industry would be a
major driver for the hook and loop fastener in the near future. Currently, soft luggage industry is
estimated to be valued at Rs. 2600 Crore and is expected to grow at 16.5% per annum. The overall
growth of hook and loop fasteners is estimated to be around 15% y-o-y during the next three years till
2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
The manufacturing of hook and loop in India is mostly done by a few large players in the organised
sector. Sky industries Pvt. Ltd. is the largest manufacturer of hook and loop fasteners in India
commanding more than 50% share of total production. It has a production capacity of 103 million
metres. Other key players are:
 Siddhartha Filaments Pvt. Ltd.
 Magic fasteners Pvt. Ltd.

The import of hook and loop a fastener has grown at 30% y-o-y from 2007-08 to 2011-12 and was Rs. 20
Crore in 2011-12. However, due to lower production of Sky Industries, the leading H&L manufacturer in
2012-13, the import demand in 2012-13 grew to Rs. 43 Crore almost double of what it was in 2011-12.
Growing exports indicate growing acceptability of Indian hook and loop in international markets. On the
other hand the import demand for H&L fasteners has gradually gone down to Rs. 1 Crore from Rs. 5.5
Crore in 2007-08, indicating the increasing competitiveness of Indian manufacturing.
Exhibit 259: Import export trends – Hook & Loop fasteners

HS code family HS code description Applicable HS 2012-13
codes
Imports
5806 & 5808 Narrow woven pile fabrics(including terry 58061000
fabrics
Narrow fabrics consisting of warp without 58063190 Rs. 43
weft assembled by means of an adhesive of Crore
other textile materials of cotton - others -
narrow fabrics etc, other
Narrow fabrics consisting of warp without 58063200
395

codes

other man made textile materials - others
badges - others
- 58069190
Braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings 58089090
materials - OTHERS
5906 & 5911 Rubberised textile fabrics of other materials 59069990
except rubberised knitted/crocheted goods
Textile products and articles suitable for 59119090
industrial use - for technical uses - others
Others Other articles of plastics and articles of 39269099
other materials
Exports
5806 & 5808 Narrow woven pile fabrics(including terry 58061000
fabrics
other textile materials of cotton - others -
narrow fabrics etc, other
other man made textile materials - others
badges - others Rs. 1 Crore
- 58069190
Braids in the piece; ornamental trimmings 58089090
materials - OTHERS
5906 & 5911 Rubberised textile fabrics of other materials 59069990
except rubberised knitted/crocheted goods
Textile products and articles suitable for 59119090
industrial use - for technical uses - others
Others Other articles of plastics and articles of 39269099
other materials
396
The export import trend for hook and loop fasteners is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
6 5.5 50 43
5 40
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
4
30
3
20
2 1 9
1 10
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top five countries from where hook and loop fasteners are imported into India are:
1. Vietnam
2. Hong Kong
3. China
4. USA
5. Malaysia
Amongst these, Vietnam alone accounts for over 50% of total imports.
On the export side the major countries to which the product is exported to are:
1. USA
2. Canada
3. Denmark
4. Germany
5. Netherland
Amongst these, USA and Canada account for over 85% of total exports from India.
Machinery details
The Hi speed needle looms used for making H&L fasteners are mainly supplied by KY Taiwan and
Mueller
397
Quality Standards
The main quality standards applicable to hook and loop fasteners are:
 IS-8156-1994
 Oeko-Tex Standard 100 (Product Class II)
398
Labels
Label is a piece of material attached to an object to show its contents, ownership, use or destination.
Labels are used in garments, home furnishing, stuffed toys, soft luggage, shoes etc. Though
manufacturers use different type of labels to create a distinct identity,
Labels in general can be classified into the following varieties:

Exhibit 261: Classification of labels
Type of Purpose Typical Size
label
Size Shows the size of garment i.e.
label small (S), medium (M), large (L), 12mm x 25mm
extra large (XL) etc.
Pocket Label stitched on to the pocket Width ranging from
label 15mm to 30mm
Main Contains information like Brand Width ranging from
label name and Logo 16mm to 50 mm ; may
go up to 100 mm
Wash Contains the washing Width ranging from
care instructions for the garment. 25mm to 40mm
label
There are two primary categories of labels – Printed and Woven. Printed labels are often printed on
materials such as satin, acetate, polyester, nylon and cotton twill. These labels are available in a variety
of sizes, colours, and printing options. Printed labels though inexpensive, are unable to withstand the
standard wear. These labels fade either through washing or as a result of skin oils reacting with the print
which reduces the branding aspect of the label. Woven Labels also available in a variety of finishes and
fabric choices i.e. damask, semi-damask, satin, and taffeta. Woven labels have better durability to
regular wearing and cleanings. Amongst the variety of woven labels damask and damask mixed fabrics
are the most reliable and comfortable labels. Damask is a tighter weave fabric that remains soft even
with finished edges and provides the best finish with a smoothness that reflects style and comfort and
thus, is the most preferred amongst quality conscious customers. Semi-damask has many qualities of
damask at a slightly lower price point and hence, is a mid line choice when it comes to labels. Satin is the
most popular choice but the fabric is thin and can snag easily. Taffeta is stiffer than satin and can stand
399
up to a bit more snagging. However, with both satin and taffeta the finished edges of the labels can be
stiff, leading to a prickly feeling.
Clothing labels come in a variety of styles. The product is available in the following formats:
 Continuous tape in Roll Form
 Cut Seal
 Cut Fold in End fold, Centrefold and Mitre fold
 Filled / Stuffed labels
 Die-cut / Laser cut labels
 Ready-to –stick labels (backside double adhesive tape)
Application
Labels have major application in garments where the labels are expected to have smooth feel and
durability to regular wear and washing as well as they should not snag

Apparels including hosiery garments and home furnishing sectors account for 80 – 85% of the
consumption of labels. The number of labels per garment/home furnishing varies from one to four.
Considering the label requirement of various product categories i.e. shirts, trousers, uniforms, inner
wear, children wear, skirts, t-shirts, bed sheet, towel etc. the average consumption of label per product
is computed as 2 labels/garment and 1 label per home furnishing product. The average price per label is
around 80 paisa.
Exhibit 262: Consumption norm for labels
Particulars
Average label per garment 2
Average label per home furnishing product 2
Average price of a label Rs 0.81
In addition, labels are also used for shoes, soft toys, luggage, etc. The usage of labels in these
applications is around 20% of the total usage.
400

The market size of labels has been calculated by estimating the demand from the garmenting sector for
different types of labels. The estimated total market including exports for 2012-13 is 20.6 billion pieces
valued at Rs. 1,672 Crore with domestic market of Rs. 1,636 crore.
Exhibit 263: Market size estimate - labels
2012-13
Quantity (in Billion pieces) 20.6
Value (in Rs. Crore) 1,672
The total market of interlining fabric has grown at 6% y-o-y during the last five years. The market has
grown uniformly with both domestic as well as exports growing stably at 6% and 7% respectively.
However, the growth in domestic market is more because of inflation with the volume of sales growing
by just 2% on a y-o-y basis.

Key growth drivers for label industry are the growing garmenting industry and apparel exports from
India. With the growing organised retail, the demand for labels would increase, as the usage of label per
garment would increase. The demand for label is directly pegged with the apparel industry of India.
With the growing share of organised retail the demand of label per clothing is increasing, this along with
the growth of apparel sector is expected to drive the domestic market at 10% per annum during the
next three years. The exports are also expected to grow at 10%.
Key Manufacturers
Indian Woven-labels industry is concentrated in the several key cities like Bangalore, Delhi, Tirupur,
Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Kolkata and other cities of North and North-east.
Key manufacturers of labels are:
 K K Non woven
 Premco Global
 Arex Industries
 Uniroyal India
 Unique Tags
401

The import of labels has remained stagnant over the last five years growing at just 2% y-o-y. Exports on
the other hand, have slow but stable growth growing at 8% y-o-y reaching a total of Rs. 36 Crore.
Exhibit 264: Import export trends - labels

Imports
5801 & 5806 Woven pile fabrics and 58012290
chenille fabrics of cotton,
other than fabrics of terry
and narrow elastic -'OTHERS
Narrow woven pile fabrics
(including terry twilling & 58061000
similar terry fabrics)and
chenille fabrics
Narrow fabrics etc, other 58063190
Narrow fabrics consisting of
warp without weft
assembled by means of an 58063990
adhesive of other textile
materials excluding labels
and badges
5807, 5808 & Woven labels badges & the 58071010
5809 like of cotton
Label badges etc of man-
made fibre woven 58071020 Rs. 94 Crore
Woven labels badges etc of
other textile materials 58071090
Other labels badges &
similar articles of felt or non- 58079010
woven
Other labels badges & similar
articles 58079090
Braids in the piece; ornamental
trimmings in the piece, without
embroidery, other than knitted 58089090
or crocheted; tassels, pompons
and similar articles - others
Woven fabrics of metal thread
and woven fabrics of metallised
yarn of heading, of a kind used
in apparel, as furnishing fabrics
58090090
or for similar purposes, not
elsewhere specified or included
Others Other made up clothing 62179090
accessories; parts of garments
402
or of clothing accessories -
others and trimmings of other
textile fibres 95029100
Garments and accessories
thereof, foot-wear and
headgear for dolls representing
96062990
humans - as per 2007 HS code
Buttons, press-fasteners, snap-
fasteners and press-studs,
button moulds and other parts
of these articles; button blanks
- others
Exports
5801 & 5806 Woven pile fabrics and 58012290
chenille fabrics of cotton,
other than fabrics of terry
and narrow elastic
Narrow woven pile 58061000
fabrics(including terry
twilling & similar terry
fabrics)and chenille fabrics
Narrow fabrics etc, other 58063190
Narrow fabrics consisting of
warp without weft
adhesive of other textile
materials excluding labels
and badges - OTHERS
5807, 5808 & Woven labels badges & the 58071010 Rs. 36 Crore
5809 like of cotton
Label badges etc of man-
made fibre woven 58071020
Woven labels badges etc of
other textile materials 58071090
Other labels badges &
similar articles of felt or non- 58079010
woven
Other labels badges & similar
articles 58079090
Braids in the piece; ornamental
trimmings in the piece, without
embroidery, other than knitted 58089090
or crocheted; tassels, pompons
and similar articles - others
403
Woven fabrics of metal thread

and woven fabrics of metallised
yarn of heading, of a kind used
in apparel, as furnishing fabrics 58090090
or for similar purposes, not
elsewhere specified or included
Others Other made up clothing 62179090
accessories; parts of garments
or of clothing accessories -
others and trimmings of other 95029100
textile fibres
Garments and accessories
thereof, foot-wear and
headgear for dolls representing 96062990
humans - as per 2007 HS code
Buttons, press-fasteners, snap-
fasteners and press-studs,
button moulds and other parts
of these articles; button blanks
- others
The export import trend for labels and badges is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
40 36 95 94
30 27
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
90
20 85
85
10
0 80
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top five countries from where the product is imported into India are:
1. Hong Kong
2. China
3. France
4. Italy
404
5. Japan
The top five countries to which the product is being exported to are:
1. Bangladesh
2. Sri Lanka
4. China
Machinery details
The machines used for manufacturing Woven labels are:
 Flexible Rapier Weaving Machines equipped with electronic jacquard
 Needle Looms
 Warping machines
 MuCAD designing systems.
 Ultrasonic slitting machine.
 Cut fold machines
 Laser cutting machine
 Label finishing machine
 Label stuffing devices
The main suppliers of these machines are
 Jakob-Mueller (Switzerland)
 Kong River (Hong Kong)
 Willy (Italy)
 Viable (USA)
 AG Frick
Printed labels are made using the screen printing or offset printing technology. Machines used for
Printed labels are:
 Flexo Fabric Printing Machines
 Letter Press Machines
 Sonic Cutting Machines
 Cold Cut Machines
405
 Hot Cut Machines
Quality Standards
There are no set quality parameters for labels. However, the quality of labels depends on specific buyer
requirements since different buyers have their own standards related to product, environment, social
etc. However, wash fastness test and dimensional stability test are usually carried out for all labels.
406
Umbrella Cloth
Umbrella fabric is a medium weight, plain weave taffeta fabric used for manufacturing Umbrellas.
Umbrellas are used primarily in rainy seasons. They are also used for protection against Sun however
such usage is majorly in regions which encounter extreme sunshine especially the regions close to the
equator. Earlier umbrellas were manufactured using cotton fabric coated with waterproofing agent.
With advent and extensive usage of synthetic material the umbrella fabric used these days is polyester
and nylon taffeta fabric.
Umbrella fabric is made of polyester filament yarn or nylon filament yarn in varying constructions i.e.
150T, 160T and 190T where T indicates the thread density. The umbrella fabric is expected to be water-
proof for the rainy season, should maintain physical form during extreme ultraviolet exposure in the
summer season, and should have high tear resistance and high abrasion resistance. The GSM of
umbrella fabric typically ranges from 110 to 280 based on type of umbrella.

The demand for umbrellas depends upon climatic conditions, population, usage of umbrella for
advertisement and social outlook. The umbrella market generally grows slowly due to reuse of old
umbrellas. The market is growing on account of growing fashion in use of umbrellas, where in people
prefer to have printed fashionable umbrellas, which are now also common with kids. Umbrellas for kids
with fancy and contemporary designs are also a growing market. As per survey of NSSO for 2010-11, the
market for umbrella and rain coats is growing at 18%.

The market of umbrella fabric has been estimated using the consumption statistics of umbrella in India
across Urban and Rural areas based on the reports of NSSO. The estimated market size for umbrella
fabrics is Rs. 109 Crore for 2012-13 in India with a domestic market of Rs. 103 Crore. The market has
grown at 8% y-o –y over the last five years.
Exhibit 266: Market size estimate – umbrella fabric
2012-13
Quantity (in million sq. metres) 11.9
407

While the demand for umbrella is being replaced by rain coats and wind cheaters in the urban areas, the
use of fashionable printed umbrellas is expected to drive the demand further. In the rural areas with
higher penetration and preference for umbrellas, the market is expected to grow in line with the
growing households in the key areas facing heavy rainfall. The domestic market for umbrella cloth is
expected to grow at 10% per annum during the coming three years till 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
The manufacturing of umbrella fabrics is done by SME and MSME industries with very limited large scale
players. Key manufacturers of umbrella fabric in India are:
 S L Banthia Industries
 Coated Sales Company
 Citizen Umbrella Manufacturers

India is an importer of Umbrella fabrics. Due to large domestic manufacturing the import of umbrella
fabric is just around Rs. 3 Crore.
Exhibit 267: Import export trends – Umbrella fabric
codes
Imports
5407 Unbleached umbrella cloth panel 54071014
fabrics
Bleached umbrella cloth panel 54071024
fabrics Rs. 76
Dyed umbrella cloth panel fabrics 54071034 Crore
Printed umbrella cloth panel fabrics 54071044
Other umbrella cloth panel fabrics 54071094
Exports
5407 Unbleached umbrella cloth panel 54071014
fabrics
Bleached umbrella cloth panel 54071024
fabrics Rs. 3 crore
Dyed umbrella cloth panel fabrics 54071034
Printed umbrella cloth panel fabrics 54071044
Other umbrella cloth panel fabrics 54071094
408
The export import trend for umbrella fabrics is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
4 100
3 80 76
3 80
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
60
2
40
1 20
0
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Umbrella fabric is imported into India from two major countries – China & Taiwan. The export of
umbrella fabric from India is very small.
Quality Standards
The requirements for complete umbrella are prescribed in IS: 2920/1964.
409
Sewing Threads for specialised/ industrial purposes
Sewing threads are cabled yarn made out of natural fibre or synthetic fibre used for stitching and
holding the fabric together in different applications like garments, shoes, leather products, quits and
mattresses, upholstery and any other product made of fabric or textile related items.
The history of sewing threads goes back to the very beginning of mankind, when slowly people learn to
use plant fibres and old man’s beard as thread. However, modern day thread came into existence only
in 1730 when for the first time cotton was spun by machinery in England. Later in 1955 synthetic threads
of polyester was commercially started and it spread across like wild fire becoming more popular than
traditional threads by 1970s.
Sewing threads can be made from Natural fibres like cotton as well as synthetic fibres. In Natural fibres
cotton fibre is most preferred due to its easy sew-ability, as compared to silk or linen which is much
costlier. Sewing threads from Natural fibres can be of three types –
1. Threads with soft finish – These do not require any processing and are relatively cheaper but
have low strength and high shrinkage.
2. Threads with gassed finish - The cotton sewing thread is passed through flame in high speed to
reduce the fuss and increase sheen.
3. Threads with glazed finish – These are treated with wax and a chemical to provide the glossy
finish. These have higher tensile strength and are harder. These are used for seeing of heavy
materials like tents, canvas and leather.
4. Mercerized thread – These threads are treated with caustic soda to make them smooth, long
and lustrous with high strength. These are, mostly used in cotton and other garments.
In addition to these, synthetic fibres like Nylon and Polyester are often used as threads due to their high
tensile strength, high abrasion resistance and lesser shrinkage. Most of these are missed with cotton to
create combination threads that have high strength as well as better sew-ability of cotton. Different
types of synthetic sewing threads used for common applications are:
1. Poly propylene sewing threads
2. Polyester continuous filament threads
3. 100% spun polyester threads
4. High tenacity lubricated polyester braids
5. Nylon 6 sewing threads
410
6. Nylon 6, 6 sewing threads
Sewing threads used in cloth-tech industry have four common types –

1. Twisted threads - Twisted threads are sewing threads having a balanced twist. Here the staple is
first twisted together to form a single ply thread, two or more of which are then twisted
together in reverse direction to make the balanced twisted sewing thread.
2. Core spun threads – Here a continuous filament of polyester is sheathed in either polyester or
cotton to make a single ply thread, two or more of which are then twisted together in reverse
direction to make sewing thread
3. Monofilament Threads – these are a single filament or nylon or polyester without any
processing used as it is for cheap low cost garmenting or blind hemming. These are
uncomfortable and come in natural colour of nylon or polyester.
4. Textured Threads – These are made of multi filaments that have been crimped, twisted and
untwisted to provide the thread with elasticity, strength and goods coverage.
The essential properties for sewing threads are:
1. Uniform diameter and surface lubricity
2. Balanced twist
3. Resistance to needle heat
4. Free of knots and breakages
5. High abrasion resistance and shrink resistance
6. High elasticity and strength
7. High durability
The common applications and specifications for specialised sewing threads have been mentioned as
under –
Exhibit 269: Industrial Applications of sewing threads

Application Tex Application Tex
Premium leather 60,40,20 Soft luggage 40,30,20
Economy leather 60,40,20 Mattress and quilting 60,40
Canvas 60,40,20 Saddlery 25,15
Sole stitching 8 ,7 Outdoor application 40,20,15
Apparels (leather) 75,50,36 Filter cloth 40
Accessories(leather) 75,50,36 Compressor winding 8
Automotive upholstery 60,40,20 Curtain and tents 40
411
Sewing threads for specialised and industrial uses include threads used in footwear, bags, saddler,
industrial uses in factories, high temperature and high pressure and threads for polypropylene based
shopping bags, leno bags and jumbo bags

Only the sewing threads used for specialised and industrial purposes like the ones for bags, footwear,
saddler, large polypropylene based carry bags and jumbo(FIBC) bags along with specialised threads for
core industrial applications are protective applications (Nomex and Kevlar threads) are considered as
technical textile products due to their specialised functional use.

The market size of sewing thread has been estimated using the consumption norms and requirements
for different applications and then triangulated using demand side information. The estimated market
size for specialised and industrial sewing thread industry in India is Rs. 578 Crore with a domestic market
of Rs. 562 Crore.
Exhibit 270: Market size estimate – sewing thread
2012-13

Footwear and PP woven bags are the key drivers for the specialised sewing thread market. With the
footwear industry growing at 12% and the demand for polypropylene woven bags growing at 8%, the
overall specialised sewing thread domestic market is expected to grow at around 12% per annum for
next three years till 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of sewing thread in India are:
 Vardhaman Mills.
 Madura Coats
 Precot Meridian
412
However, when it comes to specialised sewing threads there are no major manufacturers other than
Reliance Industries. However there are many small players who provide polypropylene and polyester
based threads for use in Polypropylene woven sacks and FIBC bags. The major importer for specialised
threads is DuPont which imports both Kevlar and Nomex threads in India.

The imports of sewing threads have seen tremendous growth in the last five years reaching a total of Rs.
300 Crore. The exports on the other hand have seen a stable growth at 4% per annum reaching a total of
Rs. 165 Crore. However, the share of specialised sewing thread in it is limited to just around 10% most of
which are polyester and polypropylene threads used for high capacity bags
Exhibit 271: Import export trends – sewing threads
family codes
Imports
5204 Cotton thread, sewing, containing any 52041110
synthetic staple fibre
Embroidery cotton thread (HS code of
containing 85% or more by weight of
52041130
cotton: embroidery cotton thread)
Cotton sewing thread not containing any
52041140
Cotton sewing threads having 85% or more
52041190
of cotton by weight - others
Sewing thread containing less than 85% by
52041900
weight of cotton not put up for retail sale
Cotton thread, sewing, containing any 52042010 Rs. 300 Crore
HS code of put up for retail sale: cotton 52042020
thread, darning
Embroidery cotton thread (HS code of put
up for retail sale: embroidery cotton 52042030
thread)
Cotton sewing thread not containing any 52042040
52042090
Other cotton sewing thread
5401 Sewing thread of synthetic filaments 54011000
Sewing thread of artificial filaments 54012000
Exports
5204 Cotton thread, sewing, containing any 52041110
Embroidery cotton thread (HS code of Rs. 165 Crore
containing 85% or more by weight of 52041130
cotton: embroidery cotton thread)
413

family codes

52041140
Cotton sewing threads having 85% or more
52041190
of cotton by weight - others
Sewing thread containing less than 85% by
52041900
weight of cotton not put up for retail sale
Cotton thread, sewing, containing any
52042010
HS code of put up for retail sale: cotton 52042020
thread, darning
Embroidery cotton thread (HS code of put
up for retail sale: embroidery cotton 52042030
thread)
52042040
52042090
Other cotton sewing thread
5401 Sewing thread of synthetic filaments 54011000
Sewing thread of artificial filaments 54012000
*Export import for all sewing threads
The export import trend for sewing threads is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
170 165 400
300
160 300
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
150
140 200
140
130 100 50
120 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
1. China
2. Germany
414
3. Sri Lanka
4. Italy
5. Japan
7. Brazil
8. Morocco
9. Turkey
10. Italy
Quality Standards
The relevant BIS standards are: IS 1066: 1980, IS 1376: 1998, IS 1720: 1978, IS 2196: 1985, IS 4229: 1992
, IS 9543: 1980
415
8. Hometech
The Hometech segment of technical textiles comprises of the textile components used in household
applications. These products range from blinds used in the houses to the filter products used in the
vacuum cleaners. They are an important component in the mattress and pillows as well. They are made
of both natural and synthetic fibres. For example, carpet backing cloth is made from jute as well
synthetic fibres.
List of Products
 Fiberfil
 Mattress and pillow components
 Carpet backing Cloth (Jute & Synthetic)
 Stuff Toys
 Blinds
 Filter fabrics for HVAC and Vacuum cleaner
 Nonwoven wipes
 Mosquito nets
 Furniture fabrics and other coated fabrics
416

The total estimated market size of hometech is estimated to be Rs. 6,249 Crore in 2012-13. 88% of the
total market is comprises of the domestic consumption with exports accounting for other 12% of the
market. Most of the market is catered by domestic production with imports catering to only 7% of the
market. The segment is projected to grow to Rs, 9,274 crore in 2015-16 growing at 14% CAGR and
further to Rs. 12,145 crore by 2017-18.
The product wise market size has been shown in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 273: Market summary of Hometech
Produ Imp Exp Dome Expo Dom Expor Dom

ction ort ort stic Total rt estic t estic
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 1,710 - 130 1,580 1,710 150 1,896 198 2,730
Fibrefill
Volume (in
'000 MT) 210 - 16 194 210 18 2,328 24 335
Value (in Rs.
Ticking Crore) 902 - - 902 902 - 992 - 1,200
fabric Volume (in Mn.
Sq. m) 120 - - 120 120 - 1,322 - 160
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 217 3 - 220 220 - 229 - 247
CBC
Volume (in Mn.
Sq. m) 16 0 - 16 16 - 168 - 18
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 1,057 23 405 675 1,080 466 776 616 1,026
Stuff toys
Volume (in Mn
pieces) 64 1 24 41 65 28 467 37 62
Plush fabric Value (in Rs.
(TT comp. of Crore) 141 232
417
Produ Imp Exp Dome Expo Dom Expor Dom

ction ort ort stic Total rt estic t estic
stuff toys) 314 10 122 202 324 186 307
Volume (in Mn.

Metres) 14 0 6 9 15 8 14
6 105
Value (in Rs.
Crore) 537 1 - 538 538 - 602 - 755
Blinds
Volume (in Mn.
Sq. m) 10 0 - 10 10 - 109 - 14
Filter fabric - Value (in Rs.
HVAC & Crore) 40 7 - 47 47 - 54 - 71
Vacuum Volume (in Mn.
cleaner Sq. m) 3 1 - 4 4 - 43 - 6
Value (in Rs.
Nonwoven Crore) 32 2 - 34 34 - 38 - 48
Wipes Volume (in Mn
pieces) 717 45 - 762 762 - 8,533 - 1,070
Value (in Rs.
Mosquito Crore) 434 37 1 470 471 1 541 1 715
Nets Volume (in Mn.
Sq. m) 145 12 0 157 157 0 1,802 0 238
Furniture Value (in Rs.
Fabrics & Crore) 1,629 375 522 1,482 2,004 733 2,082
585 1,660
other
Volume (in Mn.
coated
Sq. m) 120 28 39 110 148 54 154
fabrics 43 1,226
5,814 435 775 5,474 6,249 876 6,243 1,118 8,156

Total
*Source: IMaCS analysis

Market size is calculated as exports + domestic market
The market is mainly constituted by furniture fabrics having 36% share, fibre fill having 31% share with
other products having less than 10% of the total segment size. Product segment wise market share has
been shown in the exhibit below.
418
Market size
Furniture & other Fibre fill

coated fabrics 27.36%
32.06%
Mosquito nets Ticking fabrics
7.54% 14.43%
Blinds
CBC
8.61%
3.52%
Non woven wipes
0.54%
Filter fabrics Plush fabric for
0.75% Stuffed toys
5.18%
Players & Profitability

 Reliance Industries Ltd.

 Ganesha Ecosphere Ltd.
 Global Textile Alliance – Tirupur
 Hanung Toys and Textiles Ltd.
 Hunter Douglas India
 Alps Industries
 Khosla Profils Pvt. Ltd.
 Ginni Filaments
 Pristine Care Products
 Flocksur India Ltd
 Chiripal Industries
 Jasch Industries
The profitability of key players is as shown:
419
Exhibit 275: profitability of key players of Hometech

Company Name 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12
Reliance Industries Ltd. 26608300 24758400 6% 6%
Ganesha Ecosphere Ltd. 21763 12664 5.5% 5.3%
Hanung Toys and Textiles 121836 122775 4% 8%
Alps India Ltd. 57401 58449 -15% -41%
Hunter Douglas India Ltd. - 4079 - 8%
Khosla Profils Pvt. Ltd. - 4029 - 4%
Dinesh Mills 13846 14001 3% 6%
Ginni Filaments Pvt. Ltd. 29836 31411 2% -6%
Gujarat Flotex Pvt. Ltd. 2283 2452 4% 2%
Mayur Uniqouters 12667 9195 11% 10%

Hometech is a growing segment of the technical textile industry, with growth potential due to the
changing lifestyle of the domestic market. The market is expected to grow at 14% per annum during the
next three years. The key product in the segment that show very promising prospects are:
 Soft toys: Indian soft toy market has a low penetration and is fast growing
with the changing landscape of urban households. The increasing
preference of soft toys for the children by parents has helped the market
grow substantially. The market is expected to grow at 15% and even the
exports present a significant opportunity, with players like Hanung making
a mark in the export market. The overall market for soft toys and plush
fabric is expected to grow at 15% per annum
 Non Woven wipes for home use : Non woven wipes are a new entry into the Indian
markets and in short span of time have taken a considerable share of the market at Rs. 32 crore
growing at 26% during the last five years. The market is expected to grow at 12% during the next
three years. With only a few brands currently having a lion’s share in the market, there is a
potential for new player to enter the market.
420
421
Fibre fill
Fibre fill is basically Polyester Staple Fibre (PSF) used as fillings for home furnishing items like
mattresses, pillows, cushions, sleeping bags, insulated quilts and garments and stuff toys.
Fibrefill is available in deniers ranging from 2 to 20 however the most common types of fibrefill used for
stuffing purpose are 6 D and 15 D. The fibres are available in cut lengths of 32mm, 40mm, 44mm,
51mm, 64mm, 76mm, 88mm, 108mm and 128mm. However, the normal cut lengths used for filling are
32mm (for blow filling), 51mm and 64mm. The specification of fibrefill along with their tentative usage
has been mentioned as under:
1. For filling in Mattresses - 6 Denier to 15 Denier
2. For Carpet Manufacturers – Around 15 Deniers
3. For non woven – 40 Denier
4. For utensil cleaning applications – 70 Denier
Fibrefill can be broadly classified as based on nature of production, cross section and finish as follows
Classification of Fibre fill
Based on
Based on Cross Based on Finish
Manufacturing
section
Process
•Virgin PSF •Hollow •Siliconised
•Regenerated PSF •Solid •Non siliconised
•Conjugated PSF
Virgin fibre fill is prepared from virgin polyester produced from cracking of hydrocarbons and hence the
name. Whereas, regenerated is produced from recycled PSF produced from PET bottles re-cycling.
Reliance is the only major player of Virgin PSF in India while regenerated is produced by many small
players located mostly in Delhi/ NCR and Uttar Pradesh.
Solid and hollow is classification based on cross section. Hollow fibre fill is lighter and occupies same
area with 15% to 20% lesser weight. It is also more comfortable and softer than solid PSF and hence is
preferred over solid fibre fill which is heavier. Conjugated is the third kind of fibre fill which is slowly
gaining market due to its longer life and very comfortable feel. Currently only Reliance supplies
conjugated fibrefill under is brand Recron.
422
Key Applications
The common applications for fibrefill is mostly as filling for mattresses, pillows, cushions, soft toys and
winter wears like jackets. While Cotton has been the traditional filling material being used in India,
fibrefill has many advantages over cotton and hence is slowly gaining market over cotton fillings. These
are:
 Better filling and greater softness than cotton and other fibres of equivalent weight. The filling
quantity required with fibrefill is 70-80 % of the filling quantity with cotton
 Moisture and mildew resistance which avoids infestation. Hence fibrefill has a much longer life
as compared to cotton.
 Enhanced air circulation (especially for hollow PSF)
 Better bounce and does not become flat with repeated usage.
 Durability
 Washability (hollow PSF retain bulk and shape after wash)
 Fibrefill is not affected by moisture and hence there are lesser chances of an infection through
fibrefill. Along with this, lower weight of conjugated fibre fill makes it the most suitable filling for
soft toys.

Based on the inputs from key players, the market including exports for fibre fill in India is estimated to
be 210,000 MT worth Rs. 1,710 Crore with a domestic market of 194,000 MT worth Rs. 1,580 Crore.
Exhibit 276: Market size estimate – fibre fill
2012-13

The major growth drivers for the Fibre fill industry in India in the coming future:
 Increasing preference for fibrefill – with the growing living standard, many people mostly in
urban areas are preferring fibrefill over cotton fillings, as a result market for fibrefill is expected
to increase in the coming future. This is expected to be a major driver for fibre fill industry
 Soft toys Industry – The soft toy industry although a small part of the entire toy industry, is
slowly gaining momentum with many children preferring soft toys related to Disney and other
423
cartoon characters. With the growth rate of soft toy industry expected at 20%, fibre fill demand
would also increase hand in hand with it.
Impediments
 Usage of cotton as substitute to fibrefill – Although market for fibre fill is growing, cotton still
remains as the most preferred filler in the rural areas, hence creating a barrier for expansion of
fibre fill in the vast rural market.
 Higher demand for Polyester yarn - As fibre fill and polyester yarn can both be produced from
PSF. The higher demand and better returns in the yarn industry is a major deterrence for fibre
fill, as many manufacturers provide preference to production of polyester yarn as compared to
fibre fill.
The domestic market of PSF fibrefill is expected to grow at around 20% per annum during the next
three years, owing to increasing preference of soft toys and mattresses and pillows. The exports are
also expected to grow at 15% during the same period as key players like Reliance are planning to
add capacities to cater to both domestic and export markets.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of fibre fill in India are:
 Reliance Industries Ltd
 Ganesha Ecosphere Pvt. Ltd
 Nirmal Fibres
 KK Fibres

Export of fibre fill from India has increased considerably over time almost reaching double of what it was
in 2007-08. The high growth in 2012-13 can be attributed to the favourable exchange value of dollars
with respect to rupee that incentivised manufacturers to go for exports.
Exhibit 277: Import export trends – fibre fill
codes
Imports
5503 Man-made staple fibres, Synthetic staple 5503200
fibres, not carded, combed or otherwise
Insignificant
processed for spinning. -Of polyesters
424

codes
Exports
5503 Man-made staple fibres, Synthetic staple 5503200
fibres, not carded, combed or otherwise
Rs. 130 Crore
processed for spinning. -Of polyesters
The export import trend for fibrefill is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports
150 130
in Rs. crore
100
60
50
0
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
China is the only country having a significant share in Nation’s fibre fill imports. The major countries
where fibrefill is exported from India are:
2. Morocco
3. Portugal
4. Belgium
5. Israel
Quality Standards
There are no set quality standards for fibrefill in the BIS
425
Ticking fabrics
A mattress is a mat or pad usually placed atop a bed. Mattresses can be broadly classified as:
 Foam mattresses
 Coir mattresses
 Spring mattresses
Mattresses are made of a filling material like coir, foam etc which provides support to the body.
Traditional Indian mattresses are thick quilts made up of cotton stuffing. The protective fabric cover
which encases the mattress is called ticking. Ticking fabric holds the filling material in place. It is usually
made of cotton and comes in a wide variety of colours and styles. The GSM of the fabric varies from 80
to 200.
The typical sizes of mattresses are given in the following table:
Mattress sizes
Class Dimensions in inches Class Dimensions in inches
72"X30" 72"X60"
Divan 75"X30" Queen 75"X60"
78"X30" 78"X60"
72"X36" 72"X72"
Single 75"X36" King 75"X72"
78"X36" 78"X72"
72"X48"
Twin 75"X48"
78"X48"
The most commonly available mattresses are 72” X 36” in Northern India and 78” X 36” in rest of the
country. The typical value and quantity wise break up of a mattress is given in the following table.
Raw Material % by Value Average Weight per Mattress
Foam + Coir 75% Ranges from 5-6 Kg (Foam only) to

10-15 Kg*(Foam & Coir)
Fabric 10% 1-2 Kg
Packaging and Others 15% 1-2 Kg
*Depends on the ratio of foam and coir used in the mattress and the density. Sleep well manufactures the mattresses with densities varying
between 10 and 85. Density of 1 indicates that the material carries 1 Kg weight per cubic meter. Generally 60:40 Coir: Foam ratio is used since
this reduces the product price and also helps save excise duty as coir based products (i.e. products with more than 50% by weight of Coir) are
exempted from excise duty.
426
Pillows can be made of variety of filling material like cotton, feathers and foam etc. Pillows are available
in variety of sizes i.e. 21''X14’’, 24’’X16’’ and 26’’X17''. The ticking fabric used for pillow is also generally
made of cotton with a GSM lesser than that of the fabrics used for mattresses.

The market for ticking fabrics has been derived from the estimated market for mattress and pillows
using NSSO figures for monthly per capita consumption. The different usage norms considered for
calculations are as listed:
Parameter Value
Mattresses
Ticking fabric 5 square metre
Price per square metre of ticking Rs 120 per square
meter
Tape 13 meter
tape meter
Pillows
Ticking fabric 0.6 square metre
meter

The estimated market size for ticking fabric and tape for 2012-13 estimated to be Rs. 516 Crore for
ticking fabric and Rs 386 Crore for ticking tape.
Exhibit 279: Market size estimate – ticking fabric
2012-13
Ticking fabric Ticking tape
(in Mn. Sq. meters) (in Mn. Metres)
Quantity 43 77

The demand for ticking fabric is directly related to the market demand for Mattresses. The growth of
organised mattress industry is the largest driver for ticking fabric industry, as it promotes use of ticking
fabric instead of any normal fabric which is generally used in local production. Lack of awareness about
427
the benefits of ticking fabric over normal fabric is another reason why local manufacturers often go for
normal fabric in order to reduce manufacturing costs. Growth of the organised sector with proper
awareness about ticking fabric is expected to drive the market in the coming future. The domestic
market is expected to grow at 10% per annum during the next three years.
Key Manufacturers
The largest manufacturer of ticking fabrics in India is Global Textile Alliance – GTA. Besides GTA the
industry is constituted by mostly Small scale players.

The import and export of ticking fabric from India is insignificant
Exhibit 280: Import export trends – ticking fabric
codes
Imports
5208 & 5209 Bed ticking - domestic (HS Code of Plain
weave (85% cotton by wt .), weighing more 52083250
than 100 g/m2 but less than 200 g/m2)
HS Code of Plain weave, weighing not more 52084140
than 100 g/m2: Bed ticking, domestic
Bed ticking - domestic (HS Code of Plain
weave, weighing more than 100 g/m2: Bed
52084250
ticking, domestic)
52084330
Bed ticking, domestic
Plain weave: Bed ticking, domestic
(Harmonized Codes of Woven fabrics of
cotton, containing 85% or more by weight of 52095160
cotton, weighing more than 200 g/m2) -
5305 HS Code of Coconut, abaca (Manila hemp or
Musa textiles Nee), ramie and other
vegetable textile fibres, not elsewhere
specified or included, raw or processed but 53050020
not spun; two, noils and waste of these
fibres (including yarn waste and garneted
stock): Coir mattress fibre
53050030
Curled coir fibre/machine twisted fibre
6306 Pneumatic mattresses 63064000
Pneumatic mattresses of cotton 63064100
Pneumatic mattresses of other textile 63064900
material
Exports
5208 & 5209 52083250 -
428

codes
weave (85% cotton by wt .), weighing more

than 100 g/m2 but less than 200 g/m2)
HS Code of Plain weave, weighing not more
52084140
than 100 g/m2: Bed ticking, domestic
weave, weighing more than 100 g/m2: Bed 52084250
ticking, domestic)
52084330
Bed ticking, domestic
Plain weave: Bed ticking, domestic
(Harmonised Codes of Woven fabrics of
cotton, containing 85% or more by weight of
52095160
cotton, weighing more than 200 g/m2)
5305 HS Code of Coconut, abaca (Manila hemp or
Musa textiles Nee), ramie and other
vegetable textile fibres, not elsewhere
specified or included, raw or processed but 53050020
not spun; tow, noils and waste of these
fibres (including yarn waste and garneted
stock): Coir mattress fibre
53050030
Curled coir fibre/machine twisted fibre
6306 Pneumatic mattresses 63064000
Pneumatic mattresses of cotton 63064100
Pneumatic mattresses of other textile 63064900
material
Quality Standards
The relevant BIS standards are given in the following table
Exhibit 281: Standards for Mattresses
BIS Code Description
Specification for Flexible Polyurethane Foam for
IS 7933: 1975 Domestic Mattresses
IS 9491: 1980 Specification for mattress, air
Code of practice for packaging thermal insulation
materials: Part 1 Slabs, mattresses and pipe-sections
IS 13013: Part 1: 1990 made of fibrous materials
IS 13489: 2000 Textiles - Bed Mattress - Specification
429
Carpet backing cloth (CBC)
A carpet is any loom-woven, felted textile or grass floor covering. The global carpet market for domestic
and industrial end use is dominated by several varieties of carpet such as Hand Knotted Carpets, Hand
Woven Carpets, Tufted carpets; Needle felt carpets, Flat weave carpets, etc. Carpet Backing Cloth (CBC)
is used as the backing material for both woven and tufted carpets as depicted in the figure below:
CBC is generally classified into two categories:
 Primary Carpet backing: The base fabric on which pile yarns are tufted and anchored to make a
carpet
 Secondary Carpet backing: Fabric bonded on the backside of the carpet forming an underlay.
Primary backing is used for making the carpet in which yarn is woven or tufted. Carpet after being dyed
is sent for secondary backing. Here the surface is smoothened and backing is applied. Latex is applied on
the back of the carpet by passing the carpet through the puddle of latex. Latex is forced down by the
blade around all the yarn on the back of the carpet, which locks the yarn into the backing. A second coat
of latex is applied thereafter which holds the secondary backing onto the tufted material. The secondary
backing provides dimensional stability while locking individual tufts in place.
Primary backing is manufactured mainly from synthetic fabric. Secondary backing is made of both jute
and woven polypropylene. Jute carpet backing cloth is approximately 104" wide with gsm varying
between 180 and 407. Jute backing has certain limitations such as potential for browning and rotting.
Thus, the secondary backings used today are majorly woven polypropylene made of a leno weave of slit
film and spun olefin yarns that forms a stretchable secondary backing fabric. Synthetic carpet backing
cloth is available in many varieties of which some are:
Application Fabric characteristics
spun polyester warp, spun polyester
Primary Backing Fabric weft; 40 ends per 10 cm and 40 picks 149 gsm
per 10 cm
spun polyester warp, spun polyester
Primary Backing Fabric weft; 70 ends per 10 cm and 70 picks 266 gsm
per 10 cm
polypropylene warp, acrylic weft; 32
Secondary Backing
ends per 10 cm and 40 picks per 10 cm 78 gsm
Fabric
weft
Secondary Backing cotton yarn nm 40/2 warp, nm 3.6/1 135 gsm
430
Application Fabric characteristics

Fabric weft; 35 x 2 ends per 10 cm warp and
32 picks per 10 per cm
Carpet backings without latex are also being produced by some manufacturers. This system eliminates
de-lamination and thus, such carpets are light weight, more flexible, easier to install and can be recycled
easily. This also eliminates the "new carpet odour".

CBC is used as primary and secondary backing for carpets. Thus, growth in the carpet industry is the key
demand driver for CBC. The Indian carpet industry is driven by exports. Around 95% of the carpets made
in India are being exported. The carpet export witnessed a decline in recent years because of rupee
appreciation against dollar. As per discussions with industry experts and key industry players the carpet
exports is expected to remain stagnant in future thus, limiting the growth potential of CBC. However,
marginal growth is expected in the synthetic CBC only because of replacement of jute by the synthetic
category.
In the last few years, the demand for CBC as primary backing has minimized as artisans are increasingly
using fabric as primary backing to minimize costs. In light of this, the market size of CBC has been
calculated considering usage in secondary backing only.

CBC is used in machine tufted carpets and not in hand knotted ones. With the coming of synthetic
backings, the use of jute backing has declined over a period of time to less than 10% of total backing.
Taking the total production of carpets in India as per the statistics at National Jute board and working
report on handicrafts, the market of carpet backing cloth (CBC) has been estimated.
Exhibit 282: Market size estimate - CBC
2012-13
Quantity (in Mn. sqm) 16
The market for CBC has de- grown by 6% because CBC is no longer used as primary backing for the
carpets.
431

 The key driver for CBC industry is the growing export demand for Indian carpets. As 95% of the
carpet made in India is exported, the entire market is dependent on export demand.
 The industry also faces stiff competition from use of latex as carpet backing. While synthetic
backing replaced jute due to price considerations, the industry faces similar competition from
latex.
The market of CBC is expected to grow at a slow rate of 4% per annum driven primarily by the carpet
industry of India.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of CBC are Auckland International, Gloster Jute Mills, Chev-Jute and Champadany
Industries Limited. Besides these are a number of SME Players in the industry.

Although the import and export of CBC was very small, over years it has seen a declining trend. The
import of carpet backing has declined over the last five years at 18% y-o-y and currently is just Rs. 3.3
Crore. Exports of CBC in 2012-13 was insignificant
Exhibit 283: Import export trends - CBC
family codes
Imports
5301 Woven fabrics of jute or of other 53011011
textile bast fibres excluding flax, true
Hemp & Ramie
5407 Woven fabrics of synthetic filament 54072010 Rs. 3 Crore
yarn, including woven fabrics
obtained from materials of 67
decitex or more
Exports
5301 Woven fabrics of jute or of other 53011011
textile bast fibres excluding flax, true
Hemp & Ramie
5407 Woven fabrics of synthetic filament 54072010 -
yarn, including woven fabrics
obtained from materials of 67
decitex or more
432
The export import trend for carpet backing cloth is as shown in the exhibit below:
Imports
6 5.5
5
in Rs. crore
4 3
3
2
1
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
While exports from India is negligible,, carpet backing cloth has been imported in small quantities mostly
from Saudi Arabia, which is the only major exporter of carpet backing cloth to India.
Quality Standards
There are no set quality parameters for carpet backing cloth.
433
Stuff toys
Stuff toys are soft knitted fabrics in different appealing shapes filled with either cotton or fibre fill. These
are usually available in shape of some cartoon characters or in shape of animals and plants appealing
mainly to kids in lower age group. These are often used as a decorative at homes.
The outer fabric is generally made of fur, fleece or flock fabric with most of the fillings of fibrefill, paper
foam or cotton depending on the costing. The stuffed toys come in a variety of sizes varying from 6 cm
to 200 cm with a price range from Rs. 50 to a few thousands based on the construct and material used
as filling and fabric.

The purchase of stuffed toys is mostly done by women. As most purchases are done for kids and infants,
the hygiene level of the filling material and the fabric becomes a major decision factor. It is an impulse
buy product, and looks as well as feel of the product play a major role in making the decision. The
market for stuffed toys is generally driven by repeat purchases by a very small segment of the society.
New customers are very few. Another major factor governing the market is that people tend to prefer
quantity over quality. Hence, one would prefer many cheap stuffed toys rather than a single costly one

The market of stuff toys has been estimated based on inputs from the industry. Stuff toys constitute
nearly 12% to 15% of the total toys market of India. Considering the production figures of major players
like Hanung Toys and Textiles and the market size of toy industry as per Assocham reports, the market
for stuff toys is estimated to Rs. 1080 Crore. However the value of technical textile component in it,
which is the plush fabric, is only Rs. 324 crore
Exhibit 285: Market size estimate – Stuffed toys
2012-13
Quantity (in Mn. pieces) 65
Stuffed toys
Plus fabric Quantity (in Mn. metres) 15
(T T Component) Value (in Rs. Crore) 324
The market has grown at 27% owing to the increasing preference for life style products.
434

The major growth drivers for the Soft toys industry in India in the coming future are:
 Increasing income levels – with the growing living standard and income standards, many
people mostly in urban areas prefer to buy stuffed toys of better quality and filling as compared
to others, particularly purchasing the same from reputed stores and are willing to pay higher for
better quality. This is a major growth driver for the organised stuffed toys industry, which is
expected to grow at 20% owing to increasing purchases.
 Increasing reach of cartoon characters through Television – With the plethora of cartoon
characters attracting the children, the scope of different designs of stuffed toys have increased.
In addition, with the current penetration level of cartoons, many children are interested in
buying stuffed toys of cartoon characters giving a boost to the market.
Impediments
 Poor piracy laws – Stuffed toys industry is mostly driven by cartoon characters. Due to poor
piracy laws, it is very easy for an un-organised player to copy a high selling design and sell it at a
much lower price, thereby increasing stiff price competition.
 Competition from China – China is a major supplier of toys to India be it stuffed toys or
otherwise. With heavy competition from China, most Indian manufacturers find it hard to
produce stuffed toys at a price point that is cheap and profitable.
 Lack of shelf space - Stuffed toys are impulse purchases which require a frontal position on the
shelf. However, due to their voluminous shapes, they are generally kept at the back, with the
shelf space given to remote control cars and electronic toys, which are a high demand segment
of the toys industry.
Both the domestic and export market for soft toys is expected to grow at 15% per annum during the
next three years, owning to the increased usage as life style products in domestic industry and growing
exports by the industry leaders like Hanung toys.
Key Manufacturers
Hanung toys and Textiles is the largest manufacturer of stuffed toys producing 27.5 million pieces per
annum. Besides Hanung players like Pal plush and Archie also manufacture stuff toys.
435

The import of stuff toys has been increasing on account of cheaper products from China, which has
increased competition in Indian markets. Imports have gone up from Rs. 5.5 Crore to Rs. 23 Crore* in a
span of last five years. The export market has also increased over the last five years reaching Rs. 4 Crore
Exhibit 286: Import export trends – Stuffed toys
family codes
Imports
9503 DOLLS OF WOOD (HS Code of Tricycles, scooters,
pedal cars and similar wheeled toys; dolls' carriages;
dolls; other toys; reduced-size (""scale"") models and
similar recreational models, working or not; puzzles 95030010
of all kinds: Of wood)
DOLLS OF PLASTIC (HS Code of Tricycles, scooters,
of all kinds: of plastic)
OTHER -HS Codes of Other toys; reduced-size
(“scale”) models and similar recreational models, 95030090
working or not; puzzles of all kinds Rs. 23
HS code of stuffed toys -(Family head - Tricycles, Crore*
scooters, pedal cars and similar wheeled toys; dolls'
carriages; dolls; other toys; reduced-size (""scale"")
models and similar recreational models, working or 95034100
not; puzzles of all kinds)
others -HS Codes of Other toys; reduced-size
(“scale”) models and similar recreational models,
95034990
working or not; puzzles of all kinds
Toys, games and sports requisites; parts and
accessories there of - Festive, carnival or other
entertainment articles, including conjuring tricks and
novelty jokes. In Particular Articles for Christmas 95051000
festivities - 'ARTICLES FOR CHRISTMAS FESTIVITIES
Exports
9503 DOLLS OF WOOD (HS Code of Tricycles, scooters,
similar recreational models, working or not; puzzles
95030010
of all kinds: Of wood)
Rs. 405
DOLLS OF PLASTIC (HS Code of Tricycles, scooters,
pedal cars and similar wheeled toys; dolls' carriages; Crore
of all kinds: of plastic)
OTHER -HS Codes of Other toys; reduced-size 95030090
(“scale”) models and similar recreational models,
436

family codes

HS code of stuffed toys -(Family head - Tricycles,
scooters, pedal cars and similar wheeled toys; dolls'
carriages; dolls; other toys; reduced-size (""scale"")
models and similar recreational models, working or 95034100
not; puzzles of all kinds)
others -HS Codes of Other toys; reduced-size
(“scale”) models and similar recreational models, 95034990
The above data depicts import of soft toys and not plush fabric
*As per analysis of DGCIS & inputs from key players
The export import trend for stuff toys is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
500 10
405 8
400 8
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
5.5
300 6
200 4
100 2
1.5
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
1. China
4. Japan
5. Germany
2. Denmark
437
3. Canada
4. Australia
5. United Kingdom
However, most of the exports occur in the form of finished stuff toys and not of the plush fabric.
Quality Standards
The stuffed toys should be Azo free and also free from harmful substances like lead and cadmium which
can be very harmful to the kids. The quality standards applicable to stuffed toys are:
BIS Code Description
Safety Requirements for Toys - Part 1: Safety
IS 9873: Part 1: 2001 Aspects related to Mechanical and Physical
Properties
Safety Requirements for Toys - Part 2:
IS 9873: Part 2: 1999
Flammability Requirements
Safety Requirements for Toys - Part 3: Migration
IS 9873: Part 3: 1999
of Certain Elements
In addition, the standards applicable to the toy industry are EN-71, ASTM, BS-5665, AS1647, CPSC etc.
438
Blind and blind fabrics
Window blinds are blinds used for covering and shading of windows so as to allow optimum amount of
light as required. These are substitute of curtains made up of blind fabric, threads and supporters made
of wood, metal or plastic components. The fabric used in blinds is termed as blind fabric and it is the
technical textile component of the window blind. These fabric special properties of temperature control,
opacity and or fire retarding properties either due to the virtue of the raw material used or through
technical coatings on the fabric.
The blind fabric is then fabricated into strips of 25 cm width which are used along with slate and string
to prepare the final blind. These strips can be cut to any length based on the requirement. Window
blinds are mainly of three types:
1. Vertical blinds – these have longitudinal strips of fabrics which can be rotated to up to 90 degree
for exposure of light. These are now less commonly used and are quickly being replaced by roller
blind which is in fashion.
2. Roller blinds: - These have horizontal strips of blind fabrics supported by strings. These are now
commonly used due to its ease of operation and better lighting.
3. Venetian blinds – Venetian blinds are window blinds have wood strips instead of fabrics. These
are commonly used for aesthetic places like restaurants.
Blinds are made of variety of materials; the material chosen depends on the aesthetic and functionality
required. The desired functional performance include light and glare control, desired outside view, ease
in handling and maintenance, acoustic performance, etc. The most common window blinds are Slat
blinds, which consist of many horizontal slats, usually of metal or vinyl, connected with string in such a
way that they can be rotated to allow light to pass between the slats, rotated up to about 170 degrees
to hide the light, or pulled up so that the entire window is clear. Vertical blinds consist of slats of
stiffened fabric, plastic, or metal hanging by one end from a track. Like the horizontal versions, the slats
can be rotated 90 degrees to allow light to pass through or to fold up on one side of a door or window.
Vertical blinds exhibit better control over the extent of natural or exterior light entering the room
because of the ability of slats to close tightly.
Venetian blinds have horizontal slats, one slat above another. They are suspended by strips of cloth
called tapes or by cords which are able to tip them each at the same time up to 180 degrees. There are
also lift cords passing through holes in each slat. When these cords are pulled, the bottom of the blind
439
moves upward causing slats to rest on each other as the blind is raised. Venetian blinds are basic slatted
blinds made of metal or plastic; wooden slats are sometimes used but these are usually referred to as
wood blinds or bamboo blinds. Slat width varies between 16 mm and 120 mm, the most common width
being 50 mm.
Other varieties of window blinds include Mini blinds (venetian blinds with very narrow slats usually 25
mm wide), Micro blinds (with slats usually 12 mm wide), Louvers (fabric or poly vinyl), Jalousies, Brise
Soleil, Holland blinds, Pleated blinds, Honeycomb blinds (similar to pleated shades except that there are
two or more layers joined at the pleats to form compartments that trap air, providing insulation),
Roman shades, and roller shades. The Louvers vary in width from 50 mm to 125 mm, but the most
popular ones are the 100 mm louvers.

Market for blinds is mainly dependent on the institutional demands from Hotels, hospitals, office
complexes and institutions. The total market for blinds has been estimated using the growth of office
real-estate in India and its estimated blind requirement. The total domestic market for blinds is
estimated to be Rs. 538 Crore.
Exhibit 288: Market size estimate – Blind fabric
2012-13
Quantity (in Mn. Metres) 9.8

The commercial establishments like offices, hospitals, hotels etc. account for majority of domestic
demand for blinds. Vertical blinds are the most popular in offices whereas Roman blinds are used in
hotels. Roman blinds are also preferred for farm houses. The growth in domestic demand for blinds is
expected to be driven by the infrastructure development planned in the country. The domestic market
for blind fabric is expected to grow at 12% per annum during the next three years, with increase in
penetration and growth of commercial real estate market.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturer of blind fabrics in India are Hunter Douglas India, Alps Industries, Mac Decor and
Aerolux India Ltd
440

Import of blinds and blind fabrics in India has considerable reduced over time indicating growth of
indigenous manufacturing. The exports have also declined during the last five years.
Exhibit 289: Import export trends – Blind fabric
codes
Imports
5407 Woven fabrics obtained from high tenacity 54071029
yarn of nylon or other polyamides or of
polyesters - bleached other polyester fabrics
5806 narrow fabrics consisting of warp without weft 58063190
assembled by means of an adhesive (bolducs).-
Rs. 1 Crore
Of cotton - 'narrow fabrics etc, other of cotton
7019 HS Codes of Glass fibres (including glass wool) 70195900
and articles thereof (for example, yarn, woven
fabrics) Slivers, roving, yarn and chopped
strands - made of 'other woven fabrics
Exports
5407 Woven fabrics obtained from high tenacity 54071029
yarn of nylon or other polyamides or of
polyesters - bleached other polyester fabrics
-
5806 narrow fabrics consisting of warp without weft 58063190
assembled by means of an adhesive (bolducs).-
Of cotton - 'narrow fabrics etc, other of cotton
7019 HS Codes of Glass fibres (including glass wool) 70195900
and articles thereof (for example, yarn, woven
fabrics) Slivers, roving, yarn and chopped
strands - made of 'other woven fabrics
The export import trend for blind fabrics is as shown in the exhibit below:
Imports
10 9
8
in Rs. crore
6
4
2 1
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
441
The top countries from where the product is imported into India are:
1. China
4. Malaysia
Export of blind fabrics from India is insignificant
442
Filter fabrics – HVAC and Vacuum Cleaner
Filter fabrics are used in home products like air conditioning, vacuum cleaner and HVAC – Heating
Ventilation and Air Conditioning System, commonly known as Air Handling units (AHU). AHU is used to
provide cooling and heating solutions for large spaces like offices, shopping malls, institutions, etc.
The HVAC filters include pre filters, medium efficiency filters and or High Efficiency Particulate Air
(HEPA) filters. HEPA filters are high efficiency filters capable of removing 99.97% of airborne particles of
0.3 micrometers (µm) diameter. Filters capable of removing 99.999% of dust, pollen, moulds, bacteria
and any airborne particles of size 120 nana metres or larger from the air are categorised as ULPA or
Ultra Low Penetration Air filter
Vacuum cleaners have a filter to remove the dust from the exhaust air. The dust is collected in a paper
bag which can be disposed off. Some of the vacuum cleaners also use HEPA filters.
Filter media used in air filters are nonwoven fabrics laid perpendicular to the air flow to arrest the solid
particulate matter. Air filters can be either mechanical filters or electrostatic filters (electro statically
enhanced filters). Most of the filters fall under the category of mechanical filters and depend on four
primary filtration mechanisms - sieving, impaction, interception, and diffusion. Filters are characterized
by their filtration efficiency, MERV rating and Micron size.
Filtration efficiency: Filtration efficiency can be calculated using the following formula
Filter Efficiency = 1 - Particles Downstream
Particles Upstream
MERV Rating or Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value is a number from 1 to 16 that is relative to an air
filter’s efficiency. The higher the MERV, the more efficient the air filter is. A higher MERV creates more
resistance to airflow because the filter media becomes denser as efficiency increases. The table below
gives the application areas of various types of filters.
443
Exhibit 291: Filter fabric applications

Filter MERV
Efficiency ratings Application
95% >14 Final filter in hospital and other clean room HVAC systems.
85% >13 Commercial applications like research Labs.
65% >11 Standard commercial buildings, such as office space.
25% >6 Pleated panel filters, used in office environments, and as pre-filters.
<20% 1 to 5 Pre filters, used in window and split air conditioners
Micron size: The micron size is indicative of the size of particles which can be removed by a particular
type of filter. Based on this filters can be classified as follows:
Exhibit 292: Filter fabric classification
Micron size Classification
>10 Pre filter
5 to 10 Medium efficiency filters
<5 High efficiency filters
The filter media should have appropriate anti static properties to prevent build up of static charge due
to dust particles which can lead to an explosion. The pre filters are generally re-usable as they can be
washed when the filter medium gets choked. The HEPA filters on the other hand are disposable type.

The demand for filter fabrics is mainly driven by HVAC filters and room AC filters. The demand for
vacuum cleaner filters on the other hand is relatively much smaller. The market for filter fabrics is
derived from the demand of HVAC systems. The HVAC industry can be broadly classified into the
following two segments:
Split and window type air conditioners

The type of filter used varies with each manufacturer. Most of the air conditioners use pre filters. The
manufacturers have to balance the conflicting objectives of minimizing the power consumption and
maintaining the air quality.
444
Centralized air conditioners

The demand for centralized air conditioning is derived from various commercial and industrial buildings
.Not much attention is given to the quality of air in most cases; cost minimization is the primary goal and
hence pre filters are used. HEPA and microbe filters find application in Pharma & Electronics industries,
nuclear installations, and hospitals etc where the quality of air is critical.
In a centralized air conditioner the filters are housed in the Air handling unit. An air handler, or air
handling unit (often abbreviated as AHU), is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a
heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. Usually, an air handler is a large metal box
containing a blower, heating and/or cooling elements filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and
dampers. Air handlers usually connect to ductwork that distributes the conditioned air through the
building, and returns it to the AHU. The AHU can have different combinations of pre filter, medium and
high efficiency filters .The pre filters remove the large sized particles hence the higher efficiency filter is
subject to lesser load.
Air conditioning products are now considered more as a necessity rather than a luxury. The rising
disposable incomes and awareness among the people of the respiratory diseases, allergies etc indicate a
huge potential for the industry.
Vacuum Cleaner filters

The demand for vacuum cleaner filters is driven by the demand for vacuum cleaners. The use of vacuum
cleaners is mainly concentrated in the urban areas. The demand for vacuum cleaners is triggered by
increasing urbanisation & disposable incomes, increasing health awareness, unavailability and rising cost
of domestic help and increasing number of working women. As per industry sources the demand is also
getting a boost because of number of offices and households using carpets which necessitates use of
vacuum cleaners.

The market size estimates for filters used in Room air conditioning, HVAC and vacuum cleaners are as
shown in the following exhibit.
445
Exhibit 293: Market size estimate – filter fabrics

2012-13
Filter in Room Filter in HVAC Filter in vacuum Total
AC cleaners
Quantity 2.8 Mn sq. m 0.7 Mn sq. m 0.138 Mn sq. m 3.8 Mn sq. m
Value Rs. 35 Crore Rs. 11 Crore Rs. 1.73 Crore Rs. 47 crore
*source: IMaCS analysis, inputs from key players awaited

The demand for room ACs and vacuum cleaners which are expected to grow at over 15% per annum and
HVAC is expected to grow at 8% per annum. The overall domestic market of filter fabrics is expected to
grow at 15% per annum up to 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
The major manufacturers of split and window type air conditioners are LG, Samsung, Videocon, Voltas,
Blue star etc .Blue star and Voltas are also the leaders in centralized air conditioning industry with Blue
star having a market share of around 30%. Some of the major manufacturers of Air filtration products
are
 Khosla Profils Pvt. Ltd.
 Thermadyne Private Limited (Faridabad),
 Spectrum Filtration Pvt. Ltd (Kolkata),
 Anfilco Limited(Gurgaon),
 CRE Industries (Delhi),
 John Fowler (Bangalore)
The filter manufacturers source the filter media from outside. Nonwoven filter media requirement is
primarily met by imports. Some of the indigenous manufacturers /suppliers are
 Dinesh Mills,
 Supreme Nonwoven,
 Mech Tech Industries (Ahmedabad),
 Biyani Industrial Fabrics (Indore)
446

Filter fabric is only imported in India. The import of filter fabric in India has declined at 12% y-o-y since
2007-08.
Exhibit 294: Import export trends – Filter fabrics
Applicable HS
HS code family HS code description 2012-13
codes
Imports
man-made filament weighing 56031300
other filament weighing >150g/sqm
5603 (HS codes of nonwovens, whether or Rs. 7 Crore
not impregnated, coated, covered or 56039400
laminated- HS code for manmade
filament )
The export import trend for filter fabrics is as shown in the exhibit below:
Imports
15
12
in Rs. crore
10
7
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
The top countries from where the product is imported into India are:
1. Germany
2. China
5. Taiwan
Export of filter fabrics from India is insignificant
447
Quality Standards
The relevant BIS standards is
Exhibit 296: Quality Standards - Filter fabrics
Standard Description
Method of testing panel type air filters for air conditioning and
IS 7613: 1975 ventilation purposes
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standards are
also relevant for the Indian market.
448
Non woven wipes for home use
A wipe is a small piece of cloth used for the purpose of cleansing or disinfecting. Wipes could be woven,
knitted or nonwoven. Nonwoven wipes have recently gained popularity on account of their excellent
absorption and softness. The product is available as dry wipe as well as wet wipe wherein the nonwoven
fabric is impregnated with a solution.
Wet wipes are designed for specific application e.g. Baby wipes, Facial wipes, Cleansing wipes, Hand &
body wipes, Moist towelettes, Personal hygiene wipes, Feminine hygiene wipes, Antibacterial wipes and
Medicated wipes. The usage of baby wipes is well accepted as a convenient, portable, hygienic way to
keep babies clean. Antibacterial wipes help to sanitize shopping trolleys, restaurant tables, etc. to
reduce the exposure to germs. They also provide an easy way to maintain clean hands more effectively.
Personal care wipes are specifically designed to carry cleansing crèmes with specific ingredients to help
remove makeup. Wipes also find application in manufacturing and service industries especially in food
service and health care. The success of nonwoven wipes is driven by their ease-of-use, disposability,
portability and reduced risk of cross-contamination.
Non-woven wipes are made from viscose, polyester and polypropylene and are available in variety of
sizes ranging from 2 X 5 square cm to 30 X 40 square cm. Majority of nonwoven wipes are manufactured
by Spun lace technology. The wipes are expected to have the following properties:
 Smooth and soft texture
 Good absorbance characteristics
Good moisture retention properties
These wipes usually come in a pack of 80 wipes.

Busy lifestyle and high disposable income are the key factors for the acceptance of wipes. Wet wipes
obviate the need for the use of separate ‘wet and dry’ combinations in cleaning tasks thus, allowing
people to perform daily tasks in substantially less time. Currently the demand for wipes is limited in
India but with growing number of middle class families, increasing disposable income and changing
lifestyle the demand for wipes is expected to increase in the urban areas. Moreover, product
innovations are further likely to boost the demand. Consumption of wipes in foodservice and health
care applications is also expected to grow because of heightened health and hygiene concerns
449

The market of non woven wipes for home use has been estimated using key inputs from wipe
manufacturers in India. As per industry sources, Ginni Filaments is one of the largest players producing
non-woven wipes in India. Other key producer is Pristine Care products. In addition to these, Precot
Meridian and Birla Cellulose have recently entered the wipe market. In addition to that Proctor and
Gamble is also in process of opening a manufacturing centre for wipes and baby products in India.
Earlier the market was mostly driven by imports, but with recent capacity additions, the share of
imports in the market has reduced. Kimberly Clarke Unilever Ltd. is the largest seller of non woven wipes
for home use, in India with more than 70% market share. However, the company is not involved in
production of wipes and most of its demand is catered either by other suppliers like Ginni Filaments or
through exports. Based on inputs of industry members, the market of non woven wipes is estimated to
be of Rs. 35 Crore.
Exhibit 297: Market size estimate – Non woven wipes
2012-13
Quantity (in Mn. pieces) 762
The market of wipes has grown by 14% over the last five years. However, it is only within last one year
that many new players have come into the market by setting u their own production facilities in for non
woven wipes.

The transition of Indian consumer towards easier and leisure products like wipes is occurring in a big
ways, with many young people preferring the hassle free way of having a onetime use and throw wipes.
The market has grown considerable in the last few years, encouraging many manufacturers to set up
production units. The increased sense of hygiene and personal and skin care is a leading driver for
growth of wipes industry. The industry also faces steep competition from paper based wipes in the dry
wipe segment. The market for non woven wipes is expected to grow at 12% per annum during the next
three years.
Key Manufacturers
Ginni Filaments is the largest manufacturer of non woven wipes in India. Other key manufacturers in the
industry are Pristine Care products and Precot Meridian.
450

India is an importer of non woven wipes. However, due to substantial capacity addition in the last one
year in India the import of wipes has gone down from Rs. 15 Crore in 2011-12 to Rs. 2 Crore in 2012-13.
Exhibit 298: Import export trends – Non woven wipes
family HS codes
Imports
4818 Handkerchiefs, cleansing or facial tissues and towels - 48182000
handkerchiefs, cleaning/facial tissue & towels
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper 48189000
or of paperboard // Toilet paper and similar paper,
cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres, of a kind
used for household or sanitary purposes, in rolls of a
width not exceeding 36 cm, or cut to size or shape;
handkerchiefs, cleansing tissues, towels, tablecloths,
serviettes, bed sheets and similar household, sanitary
or hospital articles, articles of apparel and clothing
accessories, of paper pulp, paper, cellulose wadding or
webs of cellulose fibres of others - OTHR ARTCLS OF
PAPR,PAPR PLP,CLLS WDNG ETC Rs. 2 Crore
5603 Nonwovens, whether or not impregnated, coated, 56031200
covered or laminated weighing between 25G/SQM and
70 G/SQM - MAN-MADE FILMNT WGHNG>25G /SQM
Nonwovens, whether or not impregnated, coated, 56031300
covered or laminated weighing between 70G/SQM and
150 G/SQM - MAN-MADE FILMNT WGHNG BETWN
70G/SQM AND 150G/SQM
6307 Floor-cloths, dish-cloths, dusters and similar cleaning 63071090
cloths made of others- OTHERS
Other made up articles, including dress patterns of 63079090
other materials - 'OTHR MADE UP ARTCLS OTHR THN
COTTON
The export import trend for non woven wipes is as shown in the exhibit below:
Imports
10
8
8
in Rs. crore
6
4
2
2
0
2007-08 2012-13
451
1. China
5. Taiwan
Machinery details
Over 50% of the nonwoven wipes are manufactured by Spun lace technology. The web formation for
Spun lace production line utilizes carded web making technique.
The key machinery used for production of wipes is given below:
 Blow room
 Injection Cards
 Spun lace hydro entanglement line
 Dryer
 Winder
 Slitter
 Folding and cutting line
 The key machinery suppliers are:
 Reiter Perfojet, France
 Fleissner GmbH & Co. (Germany)
Quality Standards
There are no BIS standards for non woven wipes.
452
Mosquito Nets
The Mosquito net is an essential item used all over the country for protection from mosquitoes;
therefore the market of the item exists throughout the year. As other precautions in practice like
Mosquito Repellent Mats, Ointment and coils have various side effects; people prefer the use of
Mosquito Nets therefore the demand is increasing day by day.
Product characteristics and Consumption norm

Nylon net constitutes around 96% of the raw material cost of the mosquito net. The process of
manufacture of Nylon Mosquito Net is very simple. A piece of Net cut in rectangle size as per required
size. The required rectangle size Net along with Cotton Tape is spread on sewing Machine and stitch
from one corner to the end. On an average, around 10 metres or 1.5-2 kg of nylon net is used for
manufacturing 1 mosquito net.

The market size estimate for mosquito nets has been arrived through analysis of data on usage of
mosquito nets as per the Survey report of NSSO. The industry is very fragmented with many small
players. The total estimated market value for mosquito net is estimated to be Rs. 471 Crore. The market
has grown by 20% during the last five years.
Exhibit 300: Market size estimate – Mosquito Nets

2012-13
Quantity (in Mn. metres) 157

The domestic demand has increased from 90 million metres in 2007-08 to 157 million metres in 2012-
13, growing at over 20%. Domestic demand is expected to grow at 15% up till 2015-16.
Key Manufacturers
Mosquito nets in India are manufactured by small scale and cottage industries. The industry is clustered
at Karoor in Tamil Nadu which accounts for production of 170 MT to 180 MT.
453

The import of mosquito nets has increased at 49% from Rs. 7.5 Crore to Rs. 37 Crore while the exports
have declined indicating the growing Indian market.
Exhibit 301: Import export trends – Mosquito nets
family codes
Imports
6304 Mosquito nets of cotton, knitted/crocheted 63049270 Rs. 37 Crore
Exports
6304 Mosquito nets of cotton, knitted/crocheted 63049270 Rs. 1 Crore
The export import trend for mosquito nets is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
4 3.5 40 37
3 30
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
2 20
1
1 10 7.5
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top five countries which export mosquito nets to India are:
1. Democratic republic of Vietnam
2. China
3. Thailand
4. Malaysia
5. Taiwan
The top countries where mosquito nets are exported from India are:
1. Australia
2. Germany
454
3. Tanzania
4. Netherlands
5. United Kingdom
Quality Standards
The standards for mosquito nets are mentioned under BIS standard – IS 9886:1990 and IS 10054:1996.
455
Furniture fabrics & other coated fabrics
Indian Furniture industry can be segmented as Home furniture, Office furniture and Contract furniture
(majorly the hospitality segment). Fabrics are mainly used in furniture made for seating purposes. Hair,
fibre, flock, foam rubber, down, and kapok are used for padding in modern upholstery whereas woven
fabrics, plastics, leather and synthetic leather serve as coverings. Other coated fabrics include fabrics
coated with amylase and other chemicals mostly used for book covers or as canvas for paintings and
protective coverings.
The key furniture fabrics are Flock and velvet fabrics, artificial leather fabrics, jacquard, shanil and other
coated fabrics.
Woven fabrics including flock and velvet are the most widely used furnishing fabrics in furniture. Both
plain and printed flock fabrics with an average GSM of 145 are used for the purpose. Jacquard and
Shanil have also gained customer preference as these fabrics are dust resistant. Artificial leather is
another very widely used material for furniture. The popular characteristics of artificial leather (PVC/PU
Coated fabric) are given in the following table:
Particulars Characteristics
Design Plain, embossed and printed
Backing High strength PU/ PVC knitted or dyed
Thickness 0.7 mm to 1.2 mm
Home furniture is the largest segment in the Indian furniture market, accounting for about 65% of the
furniture sales. This is followed by the Office furniture segment with a 20% share and the Contract
segment with a 15% share. Indigenously manufactured furniture dominates the Indian market with
around 62% market share of which upholstered home furniture constitutes 30%. Wooden furniture
comprises the largest share (about 65%) of the furniture in India followed by metal furniture with a 25%
share and plastic furniture with a 10% share. Furnishing fabric finds application majorly in the wooden
furniture segment.
Steady growth in the Indian economy and the consequent rise in living standard has significantly
influenced the Indian furniture industry. The key demand drivers for the industry include changing
consumer demographics, real estate/housing boom and growth in tourism/hospitality industry.
456
Increased propensity to spend on lifestyle and consumer products, driven by trends like increase in
number of double income families, ease of financing for consumer durables and exposure to global
products has also positively impacted the furniture sector. These factors are expected to drive demand
for furniture and thus, furniture fabric in the future. Moreover, hotel industry is witnessing an increase
in the capacity at a rate of 15% per annum which also augurs well for the industry.

Furnishing fabrics are used in a variety of applications. Artificial leather and flock fabrics have become
the leading segments within furniture fabrics. The use of artificial leather as furniture fabrics accounts
for roughly 10% to 12% of total artificial leather industry. The market size has been arrived considering
inputs of various key manufacturers. Only artificial leather, coated fabrics, velvets, flock fabrics and
other coated fabrics have been considered, while the normal furnishing fabrics like polyester meshes,
jacquard and shanil fabrics have not been considered as part of technical textiles.

The estimated market size of furniture fabric and other coated fabrics in 2012-13 is of 148 million
metres worth Rs. 2,004 Crore with domestic market of 110 million metres worth Rs. 1,482 crore and
exports of Rs. 522 crore.
Exhibit 303: Market size estimate – Furniture & Other coated fabrics
2012-13
Quantity (in Mn. Sqm metres) 148

Growing furniture industry of India is the strongest driver for furniture fabrics in India. In the furniture
segment the hoe furniture account for close to 65% of all furniture requirements. It is the main driver
for furniture fabric industry. However, in recent years, the import of furniture has picked up and
organised retailing of furniture is slowly catching up. As more and more imported furniture come to
India, the scope of value addition on the furniture by placing furniture fabrics decline resulting in lower
demand for furniture fabrics in India. The market is expected to grow at 12% per annum during the
coming three years.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of furniture fabrics in India are:
457
Flock fabric manufacturers – Chiripal Group, Gujarat Flotex and Flocksur India Pvt. Ltd. and that of
artificial leather are Jasch industries limited, Mayur Uniqouters and Fenoplast. In case of velvet fabrics,
Raymond is the key organised manufacturer across India.

India is a major importer and exporter for furniture fabrics. In the last five years, the import of furniture
fabric in to India has gone down by 11% while the export has grown by close to 34%.
Exhibit 304: Import export trends – Furniture & Other coated fabrics
codes
Imports
5801 VELVET 58013140
HS code - 07'Warp pile fabrics, épinglé 58013490
(uncut) of others - 'OTHERS
5806 58063920
Jute webbing
58063930
Other narrow fabrics of jute
Fabrics consisting of warp without weft
adhesive(bolducs)
5901 Textile fabrics coated with gum etc used 59011010
for outer book covers, cotton
Prepared painting canvas (textile fabrics
coated with gum or amylaceous
substances, of a kind used for the outer 59011020
covers of books or the like: prepared
painting canvas)
Others (textile fabrics coated with gum or
amylaceous substances, of a kind used for Rs. 375 Crore
59011090
the outer covers of books or the like:
others)
amylaceous substances, of a kind used for
the outer covers of books or the like;
tracing cloth; prepared painting canvas; 59019090
buckram and similar stiffened textile
fabrics of a kind used for hat foundations:
others)
5903 Imitation leather cloth of cotton laminated
59031010
plated etc with PVC
textile fabrics impregnated, coated,
covered or laminated with plastics with
PVC - other fabric impregnated, laminated 59031090
plated and coated with PVC
Imitation leather cloth of cotton laminated 59032010
plated, coated, etc with polyurethane
458

codes

covered or laminated with plastics with PU
- other fabrics impregnated laminated
59032090
plated and coated with polyurethane
5907 Textile fabrics covered with textile flocks on 59070011
the base fabrics of cotton
textile fabrics covered with textile flocks on 59070012
base fabrics of man-made textile material
textile fabrics covered with textile flocks on 59070019
base fabrics of other textile material
Exports
5801 VELVET 58013140
HS code - 07'Warp pile fabrics, épinglé 58013490
(uncut) of others - 'OTHERS
5806 58063920
Jute webbing
Other narrow fabrics of jute 58063930
Fabrics consisting of warp without weft
adhesive(bolducs)
5901 Textile fabrics coated with gum etc used 59011010
for outer book covers, cotton
Prepared painting canvas (textile fabrics
coated with gum or amylaceous
substances, of a kind used for the outer 59011020
covers of books or the like: prepared
painting canvas)
amylaceous substances, of a kind used for
59011090
the outer covers of books or the like:
Rs. 522 Crore
others)
5903 amylaceous substances, of a kind used for
the outer covers of books or the like;
tracing cloth; prepared painting canvas; 59019090
buckram and similar stiffened textile
fabrics of a kind used for hat foundations:
others)
Imitation leather cloth of cotton laminated
plated etc with PVC 59031010
covered or laminated with plastics with
PVC - other fabric impregnated, laminated
plated and coated with PVC 59031090
Imitation leather cloth of cotton laminated
plated, coated, etc with polyurethane 59032010
5907 covered or laminated with plastics with PU
59032090
- other fabrics impregnated laminated
459

codes
plated and coated with polyurethane

Textile fabrics covered with textile flocks on
the base fabrics of cotton 59070011
textile fabrics covered with textile flocks on
base fabrics of man-made textile material 59070012
The export import trend for furniture fabrics is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports Imports
800 400 375
591
600 522 300
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
400 200 161
200 100
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The top five countries which export furniture fabrics to India are:
1. China
3. Taiwan
4. United Kingdom
5. Italy
The top countries where furniture fabrics are exported from India are:
6. Saudi Arabia
9. Sri Lanka
10. Nigeria
460
Machinery details
The machinery required for making of coated fabrics and furniture fabrics includes coating line, mixers,
printing machines, embossing machines, etc. Major suppliers of these machines are listed below:
 Isotex, Italy
 Matex Italy
 Web Processing, UK
 Coatema, Germany
 Zimmer, Germany
Suppliers of Coating and Flock printing machines:
 A.T.E. Private. Limited
 A.T.E. Enterprises Private Limited
 Harish Enterprise Pvt. Limited
 Kusters Calico Machinery Limited
 Shreeji Engineering & Marketing Services
 Stovec Industries Limited
Quality Standards
The upholstery fabric is tested for basic parameters like Tensile Strength, Tear Strength, Elongation and
GSM. Some materials undergo tests to check their stain resistance and flame resistance. In many cases
Weather meter is also used to check the UV degradation due to sunlight and ageing.
461
9. Protech
Protective technical textiles are speciality textiles that provide protection to the person wearing in
hazardous situations like fire, chemical exposure, protection from bullets and explosions and extreme
temperatures and other extreme atmospheric conditions.
List of Products
 Bullet Proof Jackets
 Fire retardant Apparels
 Fire retardant Fabrics
 Nuclear and Biological Suits
 Chemical Protective Clothing
 High visibility clothing
 Industrial gloves
 High Altitude Clothing
 Other Protective clothing – Wind cheater and rain coats
462

The total estimated market size of Protech is estimated to be Rs. 1988 Crore in 2012-13 including export
potential. The entire market is catered mostly by domestic production with imports limited to just 5%.
The segment is projected to reach Rs. 2,722 crore by 2015-16 growing at 9% CAGR and further to Rs.
3,139 crore by 2017-18. The product wise market size has been shown in the following exhibit.
Exhibit 306: Market summary of Protech
Protech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)

Prod Ex
Impo Expo Dome Dome Dome
uctio Total Export po
rt rt stic stic stic
n rt
Value
(in Rs. 522 1 54 469 523 57 525 63 658
Bullet Proof
Crore)
Jackets*
Volume 0 2
2 0 0 2 2 0 3
(in lakh
463
Protech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)

Prod Ex
n rt
nos.)
Value
(in Rs. 158 1 122 36 158 147 43 211 62
Crore)
FR Apparel
Volume
(in lakh. 14 0 11 3 14 13 4 19 6
nos.)
Value
(in Rs. 223 - - 223 223 - 241 - 281
FR Fabrics
Crore)
for
Volume
furnishings - 68
(in lakh 63 - - 63 63 - 80
metres)
Value
Nuclear & (in Rs. 9 6 - 16 16 - 18 - 22
Biological Crore)
Protective
Volume
Clothing
(in nos.) 6,502 4,470 - 10,972 10,972 - 12,289 - 15,415
Value
(in Rs.
Chemical 15 4 - 19 19 - 23 - 33
Crore)
Protective
Volume
clothing
(in lakh
1 0 - 1 1 - 1 - 2
nos.)
Value
(in Rs.
High 76 - - 76 76 - 81 - 91
Crore)
visibility
Volume
clothing
(in lakh
59 - - 59 59 - 62 - 70
metres)
Value
Industrial (in Rs. 1,5
1,263 - 1,010 253 1,263 1,162 290 384
gloves crore) 36
Industrial
Value
gloves (T T
(in Rs.
component 189 189 189 - 189 288
Crore)
)
High Value
Altitude (in Rs.
420 189 - 609 609 - 658 - 768
clothing Crore)
464
Protech 2012-13 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)

Prod Ex
n rt
Volume (in
lakh
4 2 - 6 6 - 7 - 8
pieces.)
Value (in
Other Rs. Crore) 145 29 72 102 174 83 112 110 136
protective
clothing Volume (in
lakh. nos.) 58 11 28 41 70 33 45 44 54
1,757 231 248 1,739 1,988 286 1,890 383 2,339

Total
Source: IMaCS Analysis
Market size is calculated as Domestic market + Exports
*Market of Industrial glove components as been estimated as 15% of total industrial glove exports . Import of gloves is Rs. 7 Crore.
#estimated market is based on 20% of total raincoat and windcheater exports
$ Estimation of ordinance factory production considered
Bullet proof jackets, High altitude clothing, industrial gloves and fire retardant apparels and fabrics are
the biggest component of the segment. Other key segments are outer protective clothing and high
visibility clothing. Product segment wise market share has been shown in the exhibit below.
Other protective Market size - Protech

clothing
9%
Bullet proof Jackets

High altitude 26%
clothing
30% FR Apparels
8%
FR fabrics
Industrial
11%
gloves
10%
High visibility NBC

Clothing CPC
1%
4% 1%
465
Source: IMaCS Analysis
Key players of the industry

 Ordinance factories
 Tata Advanced Materials Ltd.
 S M Group
 MKU Pvt. Ltd
 Shri Lakhsmi Cotsyn Defence
 Tencate India Ltd.
 Rajasthan Spinning and Weaving Mills
 JCT Ltd
 Tara Lohia Pvt. Ltd.
 Mallcom India Ltd.
 Rajda Exports
 Reflectosafe Ltd.
The profitability of the key players has been shown as under:
Exhibit 308: Profitability of key Protech players

2012- 2012-
Company Name 13 2011-12 13 2011-12
Tata Advanced Materials Pvt. Ltd. 22647 24727 -70% -79%
MKU India Pvt. Ltd. 7430 6796 6.2% 3.4%
SMPP Pvt. Ltd. 3163 3634 - -
Rajasthan Spinning & weaving Mills
Ltd 111266 115956 3% -1%
JCT Ltd. - 24766 - -9%
Arvind Ltd. 327141 278568 7% 12%
Mallcom India Ltd. 4408 4139 2% 3%
Tara Lohia Pvt. Ltd. 115 167 -5% 0%
Entremonde Polycoaters - 1122 - 1%
466

2012- 2012-
Company Name 13 2011-12 13 2011-12
Rajda Exports - 1200 - 2%
Alok Industries Ltd. - 1479498 - 6%
Loyal Textile Mills 71013 77310 0% 0%
Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn Defence 215703 232291 -21% 5%

Protech is a growing segment of the Indian technical textile industry having and is expected to grow at
10% during the next three years. The key products in the segment that show very promising prospects
are:
 Fire retardant apparels: With the growing awareness and the new draft policy for
amendment in the factories act which would instruct the factory owners to provide adequate
protective clothing to workers, the demand for fire retardant apparels in India is expected to
grow. The product mostly caters to the oil and gas and steel and industries wherein workers
have to work in hazardous and high temperature environments. The market has grown at 16%
during the last five years and is expected to grow at 20% during the coming years. The exports of
Fire retardant apparels have also seen a significant rise in last three years and present a good
potential for growth.
 Personal protective jackets: Another segment showing high potential for growth is
the personal protective jackets, which have grown at 16% during the last years and are expected
to grow at 12% during the coming years. The demand for personal protective jackets has seen a
surge with high value tenders coming in play from local decentralised tenders. There is also a
vast demand which has not been supplied to by both the Indian players and imports. This
presents a significant opportunity for new players to enter. However, the industry is also
constrained by the fact that most of the purchases are by institutional players which happens via
tender approach.
467
Bullet Proof Protective Jackets - BPF
Personal protective clothing is comprised of the bullet proof vests and executive body armours. This is
one of the oldest industries the world has known. However, it was only during the World wars that
extensive research was done in this field and the traditional body armour comprising of steel plates was
replaced by ballistic nylon in 1940s. It stayed in fashion for the next 30 years, till 1965, when Stephaine
Kwolek a scientist working with DuPont, succeeded in producing the polymer Poly Para Phenylene
Terapthalmide through polymerisation. In today’s world it is commonly known as Kevlar and is the base
fibre for most of the body armour being woven today. In addition to Kevlar, today non-woven Spectra
shields are also being used as body armour.
The bullet-proof jackets are made from Aramid, Nylon 66, UHMPE, Carbon fibres or PBO. Each jacket
weighs about 5 kilograms and is expected to have the following properties:
1. Light weight
2. Comfortable to wear
3. Facilitate body movement
4. Ability to spread the projectile energy efficiently
Each jacket has about 0.6 square metres of non-woven material weighing around 750 GSM. Bulk of the
jacket is made from woven material as the combination of weave and the fibre characteristics influence
the energy absorption characteristics of bullet-proof jacket. The synthetic fibre (Aramid) used in
production of bullet-proof jackets is primarily imported (DSM Netherlands/DuPont etc) with the
exception of carbon glass fibre. The average life of a bullet proof jacket is about 7 years.

With the rising trend of crime, violence and terrorism, the demand for bullet-proof jackets is rising as
well. The major customers of bullet-proof jackets are Defence, Paramilitary forces engaged in counter
terrorism/insurgency operations and Law enforcement agencies (police). Despite high demand, there
are only a few suppliers in the market. Most of the purchase of bullet proof jackets is done via tenders
floated by Ministry of Home affairs – for police and paramilitary requirement, Ministry of Defence – for
requirements of Indian armed forces and by respective states in small lots. A major chunk of the
demand from armed forces is catered by the Ordinance equipment factories. Last three years has seen
an upsurge in demand of Bullet proof jackets from various government organisations especially with
468
tenders of big value being floated. In 2009-10, Ministry of Home Affairs floated a tender for
procurement of 59,000 bullet proof jackets. This was the first tender of such a big value. Recently in
2011-12, Ministry of Defence has floated a similar tender for procurement of 1.86 lakh jackets the
largest procurement tender ever to come out in India. In addition to these, every State floats its own
tender for procurement of BP jackets; however these are of relatively smaller quantity ranging from 500
to 1000 jackets at a time. Besides this there is also retail demand for BP jackets. Close to 90% of the
tenders are for procurement of BP jackets of quality standard III A, which is sufficient for protection
against A K 47 bullets.

The total domestic market for Bullet proof jackets in India is estimated to be of 1.87 units worth Rs. 469
Crore. In addition India also does exports to the tune of Rs. 54 Crore. The total market is of 2.09 lakh
units worth Rs. 523 crore.
Exhibit 309: Market size estimate – Bullet Proof Jackets
2012-13
Quantity (in lakh Nos.) 2.09

Key growth drivers for market of bullet proof jackets are:
 Increasing terror threat: With the increasing terror threat, the requirement for bullet proof vests
and jackets for VIPs and VVIPs have increased in goods numbers. In Addition, to that, the use of
bullet proof jackets in non-active field areas by the security forces has also increased, leading to the
growth in market for Personal protective jackets.
 Demand from security forces: Indian Army, Reserve services and Police services have a very high
demand for bullet proof jackets. Given the size of Indian Army, it is mandated that Indian Army
should have close to 3.5 lakh bullet proof jackets at a time, however, Indian armed forces currently
has just around 1.5 lakh jackets. With an attempt to bridge this gap, the Government is going for
large scale purchases of bullet proof jackets which is driving the market forward. As a result the
overall requirement of personal protective jackets in the security forces has increased.
With increased focus on protective jackets and large volume tenders being floated by the Government
agencies, the domestic market is expected to grow at 12% per annum during the next three years.
469
Key Manufacturers
Other than ordinance factories, Bullet proof jackets are manufactured by selects other industry players.
The major manufacturers are
 Tata Advanced materials Ltd (TAML)
 MKU Pvt. Ltd
 SM Fabric Pvt. Ltd. – SMPP Pvt. Ltd.
 Anjani Technoplast Pvt. Ltd.

India is a net exporter of bullet proof jackets. The total export of bullet proof jackets in 2012-13 was of
34,000 units valued at Rs. 57 Crore. Exports have grown rapidly from Rs. 4.2 Crore in 2007-08Imports on
the other hand was insignificant at just Rs. 65 lakh.
Exhibit 310: Import export trends – Bullet Proof Jackets
codes
Imports
6210 Personal protective garments 62104010
(e.g. bullet proof jackets, bomb Rs. 1 Crore
disposal jackets etc)
Exports
6210 Personal protective garments 62104010
(e.g. bullet proof jackets, bomb Rs. 54
disposal jackets etc) Crore
The export import trend for Bullet proof jackets is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exports
60 54
50
in Rs. crore
40
30
20
10 4.2
0
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
470
The imports of bullet proof jackets into India is mainly from United Kingdom and Singapore which
together account for 80% of total imports. Other key countries are Spain, USA and Switzerland.
The top five countries to which India exports bullet proof jackets are:
1. Egypt
3. Nepal
4. Bangladesh
5. Tunsia
Egypt and UAE together account for close to 90% of exports.
Quality Standards
The Quality standards and testing for bullet proof vests is done at the Terminal Ballistic Research Lab
(TBRL) of DRDO in India since 1970s. It follows U.S National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Standard 0101.06
for evaluation of bullet proof jackets. However TBRL does not certify any bullet proof vests. To test the
bullet proof jackets in addition to the perforation resistance testing, Perforation and Back Face signature
(P-BFS) test is performed. In this test, the measure of the energy delivered to the tissue by a non-
perforating projectile is taken to identify the amount of injury and trauma that it would cause to the
weaver. Based on the standard bullet proof vests can be classified into five types enumerated in the
exhibit below:
Exhibit 312: Quality standards for Bullet proof jackets
S.No Type of Armour Ammunition used for testing Ammunition Ammunition
weight for testing velocity for testing
1. Armour Type IIA 9mm full metal jacket 8gm 373 m/ s + - 9.1 m/s
rounded
.40 S&W full metal jacket 11.7 gm 352 m/ s +- 9.1 m/s
bullet
2. Armour Type II 9mm full metal jacket 8gm 398 m/ s + - 9.1 m/s
rounded
.357 Magnesium jacketed 10.2 gm 436 m/s+- 9.1 m/s
soft point bullet
3. Armour Type IIIA .357 SIG full metal Jacket flat 8.1 gm 448 m/ s +-9.1 m/s
471
S.No Type of Armour Ammunition used for testing Ammunition Ammunition

weight for testing velocity for testing
nose bullet
.44 Magnesium semi jacketed 15.6 gm 436 m/s+-9.1 m/s
hollow point bullet
4. Armour Type III 7.62 mm full metal Jacket 9.6 gm 847 m/ s +-9.1 m/s
steel Jacketed bullet
5. Armour Type IV 0.3 caliber armour piercing 10.8 gm 878 m/ s +-9.1 m/s
bullet
472
Fire retardant Apparels
The fire/flame retardant apparels have an industrial need as they offer protection from fire and other
heat intensive tasks. Flame, heat and splashes of molten metal etc. are hazards in many heavy
engineering working conditions. The fire retardant apparels are used in refineries, iron and steel plants,
aluminium plants and welding industries.
The typical characteristics of fire retardant (FR) apparel are:
1. Flame resistance – must not catch fire
2. Should be breathable
3. Easy to wear
4. Light weight
5. Should have high abrasion resistance
FR Apparel can be developed in two ways:
1. Chemical coating of cotton fabric with FR chemical. The chemical generally used for coated fire
retardant fabric is PYROVATEX® from Huntsman International. The apparel made from coated
fabric generally has a basis weight of 250-350 GSM. The fabric used could be either woven or
knitted. The coated fabric which accepted worldwide could have flaws due to incomplete
coverage of fire retardant chemical on the fabric surface which would pose threat with aging.
2. Apparel made from inherent FR fibre: FR fibres are fibres having the technical properties,
where in the molecules swells when in presence of heat, providing the person, longer protection
from fire. The advantage of apparels made from FR fibres, is that the resistance to fire does not
degrade after washing. Following are a few fibre retardant fibres used of this production of
apparel:
Exhibit 313: Fibres having fire resistant properties
Generic name Fibre Manufacturer
Aramid (Meta) Nomex DuPont

Aramid (Para) Kermel/Kevlar/Twaron Rhone-Poulence/ DuPont/
Akzo (Holland)
Mod-acrylic SEF/ Kanecaron Monsanto (Italy)/ Kaneka
(Japan)
Polyamide P84 Lenzing (Austria)
473
Vinal Vinex FR9B Westex
Source: Industry sources

The market of fire retardant apparels is primarily driven by increased awareness, international level of
safety standard in industrial workplace and mandatory safety norms for protection of workers. The fire
retardant apparels are generally used in industries where operations have to be done in high
temperature zones or industries where highly inflammable products are being handled. The key
industries requiring FR apparels are:
1. Iron and Steel industry for use in Blast furnace.
2. Welding industry
3. Oil Refineries and Oil drilling stations.
In addition to these, defence establishments and fire department also procures FR apparels.

The market size for FR apparels has been estimated using the inputs from the supply side. Mallcom India
Ltd, Tarasafe International, Tara Lohia and Chandramukhi Impex are the leading manufacturers of FR
apparels in India. The estimated total market size of FR apparels in India is of 14.3 lakh pieces valued at
Rs. 158 Crore in 2012-13. While domestic market has grown at a moderate pace, the potential and
market for exports have grown tremendously to Rs. 122 Crore.
Exhibit 314: Market size estimate – Fire Retardant Apparel
2012-13
FR Apparel Quantity (in Nos.) 14.3 Lakh
FR Fabric required Quantity (in lakh metres) 43 Lakh

Currently the market is being driven by the growing demand for export, which has grown by leaps and
bounds. The domestic market is driven by the usage in oil and gas industry and chemical industry. The
recent legislation bill for amendment of factories act 2014 proposes a new section - “35 A” which states
that occupier of the factory has to supply suitable protective work wear in goods and hygienic
474
conditions to the workers as necessitated by the hazardous exposure. These protective work wears
should adhere to either Indian or International standards. With this amendment coming in the factories
act, the domestic demand for FR apparels is expected to grow at 20% per annum in the next three years.
The export demand for FR apparels from India has seen a significant growth in the last five years and is
expected to grow at 20% during the coming years.
Key Manufacturers
Major manufacturers of FR apparel in India are Mallcom India Limited, Tarasafe International, Tara Lohia
Pvt. Limited and Chandramukhi Impex.

While imports of FR apparels are insignificant, export of FR apparels has grown tremendously from Rs.
4.4 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 122 Crore in 2012-13. The HS codes under which exports were made can be
seen as under.
Exhibit 315: Import export trends – Fire Retardant Apparel
family codes
Imports
6210 Garments made up of non woven fabric or 62101000
felts that are coated, laminated or
impregnated
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,
Rs. 0.66
not knitted or crocheted // Garments, made
62104090 Crore
up of fabrics suitable for Industrial use or of
non woven or felt and wades -other
personal protective garments
Exports
6210 Garments made up of non woven fabric or 62101000
felts that are coated, laminated or
impregnated
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,
not knitted or crocheted // Garments, made
62104010 Rs. 122 Crore
up of fabrics suitable for Industrial use or of
non woven or felt and wades -other
The export import trend for fire retardant apparels is as shown in the exhibit below:
475
Exhibit 316: Import export trend - Fire Retardant
Exports
150
122
in Rs. crore
100
50
4.4
0
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
The top countries importing FR apparel from India are:
1. Saudi Arabia
3. Malaysia
Quality Standards
Fire retardant apparels are covered under BIS: IS: 13501:1992 and IS: 11871:1986 and IS: 12777:1989. In
addition to these following standards under BIS are applicable on fire retardant fabrics:
476
 IS 12467: 2005  IS 15748:2007
 IS 15589:2005  IS 15758:2007
 IS 15590:2005  IS 15764:2007 & 2008
 IS 15612:2005  IS 15768:2007
 IS 15727:2005  IS 15781:2007
 IS 15741:2007  IS15782:2007
The companies in India also follow the European Standard like EN 512 based on the level of protection
need to be offered to the person wearing the apparel
Fire retardant Fabrics
Fire retardant fabrics are either synthetic fabric made of fibres that have inherent fire retardant
properties or fabrics having a coating of fire resistant chemicals. These fabrics have properties that delay
the spread of fire or provide insulation against heat and flame thereby providing crucial extra time to
the person using it.
Fabrics with Fire resistant coatings

Fire retardant clothing and fabrics saw its beginning in early 1700s when Obadiah Wyld of the then
Great Britain developed first fire retardant coating for fabrics. However, the development of fire
retardant fabrics took momentum only after 1912 when William Perkins using Stannic oxide developed a
fire retardant coating that could withstand up to two years of washing. Based on his research the
chemical Tetra (Hydroxymethyl) Phospohonium Chloride (THPC) was developed in 1953 for commercial
use as flame retardant coating. Further research led to identification of PNBEs which are currently used
as fire retardant coating chemicals. These chemical delay the spread of fire in the following ways:
1. Promotion of char formation
2. Conversion of volatile gases into non-ignitable gases through chemical reaction in presence of
heat.
3. Forming a glaze on the surface of the fabric
4. Free radical termination in the gaseous phase
Fabrics with inherent fire resistant properties:
Fabrics with inherent fire retardant properties are the ones that are made up of fibres that resist
combustion. Although it is a misnomer to call them fire retardant, but they take a longer time to catch
fire and hence help in applications where fire retardant is required. These fibres in particular aramids
swell when due to heat providing a cushion to the wearer.
Common types of inherent fire retardant fabrics used are:
Exhibit 317: Different FR fibres

Aramid (Meta) Nomex DuPont
Aramid (Para) Kermel/Kevlar/Twaron Rhone-Poulence/ DuPont/
478
Akzo (Holland)
Mod-acrylic SEF/ Kanecaron Monsanto (Italy)/ Kaneka

(Japan)
Polyamide P84 Lenzing (Austria)
Vinal Vinex FR9B Westex

The market for FR fabrics in India is driven by institutional demand from Railways and Airways. It is
estimated that railways has a requirement of around 10 to 15 lakh metres of Railways. However the
market for FR fabric for usage in seat covers of airlines has declined recently as many airlines are now
purchasing furnished air craft’s. In addition to the above mentioned requirement, demand of FR fabric
for use in auditoriums, multiplexes and commercial places is also growing at a slow rate.

The market size estimate for the market of FR fabrics has been estimated using the supply side inputs.
The total market size of FR fabric in India for 2012 – 13 is estimated to be of 63 lakh metres valued at Rs.
223 Crore.
Exhibit 318: Market size estimate – Fire Retardant Fabric
2012-13
Quantity (in metres) 63 Lakh
The market has grown at 5% mostly due to inflationary price change. The overall market in volume
terms has seen a very trivial change in the last five years.

 The key industries which drive the off-take of fire retardant fabric are given below:
 All building and constructions need to get fire safety clearance from the fire department.
However these clearances are more from the construction perspective rather than furnishing
perspective. With boom in retail and real estate there has been rapid emergence of shopping
complex, malls, cinema multiplex etc. There is need of fire retardant fabrics in these areas from
the security point of view.
479
 Airlines, Railways and Ships are another key market

 Office furnishings and hospitals and another key sector
The fabrics find application in curtains, sheers, upholstery, stage curtains, blankets, bedding, wall
coverings and blinds. However the awareness of these materials is low and there is no regulation on
usage of these materials from the safety perspective which hinders the market off-take. As a result
the market of institutional and office building is still largely un-tapped with very low penetration.
The market is expected to grow at 8% per annum during the coming three years.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of FR fabrics in India are:
 Arvind Mills
 JCT Ltd.
 RSWM Ltd.
 JayaShree Textiles
 Delkon India Pvt. Ltd.

International trade of fire retardant fabrics is insignificant; however, the key chemical used for making
coated FR fabrics – Pyrovatex, a brand of Huntsman International is mostly imported into India.
Quality Standards
Fire retardant furnishing fabrics are covered under BIS: IS: 13501:1992 and IS: 11871:1986 and IS:
12777:1989. In addition to these following standards under BIS are applicable on fire retardant fabrics:
 IS 12467: 2005  IS 15748:2007
 IS 15589:2005  IS 15758:2007
 IS 15590:2005  IS 15764:2007 & 2008
 IS 15612:2005  IS 15768:2007
 IS 15727:2005  IS 15781:2007
 IS 15741:2007  IS15782:2007
In addition to these, major manufacturer of FR fabrics also adhere to British and other European
standards.
480
Nuclear Biological and chemical Protection (NBC) suits
Hazardous material (Hazmat) suits were designed to protect users handling hazardous waste material
such chemicals, radioactive material etc. A more specialized variety of these suits are NBC (Nuclear
Biological and Chemical) suits. Developed to protect soldiers, these are designed to protect the user in a
hostile environment with chemical/biological agents and against radioactive fallout dust. The suits are
designed to be worn for extended periods while continuing to operate in a combat environment.
The Nuclear Biological and Chemical protection suit consists of a trouser and jacket and can be used
directly over the under garments. The suit is permeable and allows evaporation of sweat (breathable).
The suits are made in different sizes, generally these sizes are: small, medium, large and extra-large.
The suit is made of three layers:
1. Inner layer: Fabric cotton
2. Middle layer: Active charcoal treated non-woven
3. Outer layer: Fabric with chemical and fire retardant fibres (inherently retardant). The outer
fabric has disruptive printing to camouflage the soldiers and the base material for this coated
fabric is polyester
The physical characteristics of the NBC suit are given below:
1. Fire/Heat/Cold/Water repellent outer fabric
2. Breathable
3. Effective in the temperature range of -35’C to +55’C
4. Resistance to wear and tear – high abrasion resistance
5. Can be decontaminated at least two times
6. Washable
The major manufacturing of NBC suits in India is done by Ordinance factory. DRDE, Gwalior has been
involved in research and development of NBC suits in India. Currently India manufactures NBC suit
category MK IV. The salient features of the same are:
 Weight of up to 3 kg
 Biological protection of up to 24 hours
 Life of three wash cycles
 Shelf life of five to seven years
481
DRDE is currently involved in development of advanced version of this suit NBC suit MK V. The new
product would be very similar to the German counterpart - CBRN suits which is currently being imported
in India. The salient features of the same are:
 Weight of less than 2.5 kg
 Biological protection of more than 24 hours
 Life of up to six wash cycles
The product is expected to be in production in by 2014.

Total of 41145 NBC MK IV suits has been produced by Ordinance factory till date costing a total of Rs.
41.9 Crore. At an average life of five years, the market for indigenous production of ordinance factory is
estimated at Rs.8.4 Crore. There has been no import of NBC suits in 2012-13. With the development of
new NBC MK V suits, Indian Army has already put up request for 40,000 new suits, which would be
priced at Rs. 25,000.

The estimated market for NBC suits in India is shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 319: Market size estimate – Nuclear & Biological protection clothing
2012-13
Quantity (in Nos.) 10,972

With the increase in biological and nuclear threats, Indian Armed forces are gearing up for better
protection. As armed forces are the major buyer of NBC suits, the usage norm and requirement of
Armed forces is expected to drive the market in the coming years. With Army gearing up to purchase
new MK V suits once they are in production, the market is set to rise in the coming years. However, the
growth in market would be sporadic and for the next three years it is expected to be around 12% per
annum.
Key Manufacturers
Ordinance Factory is the key manufacturer of NBC suits. However lately private organisations like
Entremonde Polycoaters and Sri Lakhsmi Cotsyn Defence have also started production of NBC suits in
482
India. Companies like Entremonde Polycoaters and Kusumgar are involved in developing breathable
fabrics and other fabrics for NBC suits.

Advanced NBC suits are generally imported from Germany. Those are called CBRN suits. The import of
CBRN suits is estimated to be roughly about 20% of the supply from Ordinance factories. For 2012-13
the imports are estimated to be of Rs. 6.4 crore. The CBRN suits in India are imported mostly from
Germany.
Quality Standards
The quality standard for NBC suits is set by DRDE Gwalior who is the main researching body for
development of NBC suits in India.
483
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) is used for protection from chemical and physical hazards. The
chemicals get absorbed into the human body by two ways:
 Physical contact-The chemicals gets absorbed through the skin
 Inhalation: The chemicals in gaseous state get absorbed in to the body through breathing.
Chemical protective clothing is used for protection of the whole body against toxic chemicals which
manifest their effect by absorption through skin.
The CPC suits can be classified into two categories:
a. Durable: The durable Chemical protective clothing is made of non-permeable textile fabrics
(PVC/Rubber coated fabrics).The protection is achieved by blocking the penetration and
permeation of the chemicals through the fabrics in the clothing. This is an effective method for
providing sufficient protection to professionals from contact of toxic chemicals. These fabrics do
not allow air or moisture permeability which leads to stress and drop in productivity.
b. Disposable: The disposable Chemical protective clothing (CPC) is made of non woven fabric and
can be used for 3-4 times .The disposable CPC provide better air and moisture permeability.
Permeable type of clothing is preferred over impermeable type due to low heat stress and
comfort, enabling use for a longer duration. The carbon-containing material developed so far
includes carbon-coated non-woven fabric, carbon-impregnated polyurethane foam, hard carbon
microsphere-adhered woven fabric and activated charcoal cloth.
The non woven fabrics are also used as overalls in various industries and the demand of such products is
picking up. The CPC clothing includes gas masks, hoods etc to prevent against airborne toxic agents.

The demand for Chemical protective clothing (CPC) in India is almost entirely of the durable type.
Typically PVC coated fabrics are used. The base fabric is made up of cotton or a mix of polyester cotton.
The demand of CPC is from Chemicals and Chemical Products, Paints, Dyestuff, Petroleum industries etc.
These suits are required by the workers engaged in the chemical handling section. The demand from
Chemicals and Chemical Products industry accounts for 70 % of the total demand of the chemical
protection suits. In addition to that anti grease CPC are used in Oil and Petroleum industry. These suits
are coated with neoprene rubber as other coated fabrics are not suitable. The other fabrics swell after
484
repeated exposure to oil. The key demand drivers are the growth of chemical and chemical product
industry and increasing awareness of occupational health and safety issues

The total market potential for Chemical protective clothing (CPC) in India has been shown in the exhibit
below.
Exhibit 320: Market size estimate – Chemical Protective Clothing
2012-13
Quantity (in Lakh nos.) 0.96
*Inputs from key players are awaited

As Chemical Industry of India is the major consumer of Chemical protective clothing (CPC) followed by
Petroleum Industry, the growth of these industries would be a major driving force for the industry in
India. Along with this, formation of norms and regulations for usage of Chemical protective clothing
(CPC) in hazardous working environment would give a boost to the industry. In this regard the latest
amendment proposed in factories act in 2014 which suggests that suitable protective work wear in
goods and hygienic condition has to be supplied by the occupier of the factory to the workers, would
help boost the market. The domestic market is expected to grow at 20% per annum.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturer of Chemical protective clothing (CPC) in India are:
 Sai Synergy Ltd.
 Intech Safety Pvt. Ltd
 Venus Safety Equipments

India has been importing Chemical protective clothing (CPC) since 2011-12. The estimated import of CPC
is Rs. 4.4 Crore.
Exhibit 321: Import export trends – Chemical Protective Clothing
family codes
Imports
6210 Garments made up of non woven 62101000 Rs. 4.4 Crore
485

family codes
fabric or felts that are coated,

laminated or impregnated
Articles of apparel and clothing
accessories, not knitted or crocheted
// Garments, made up of fabrics 62104090
suitable for Industrial use or of non
woven or felt and wades -other
Exports
6210 Garments made up of non woven 62101000
fabric or felts that are coated,
laminated or impregnated
Articles of apparel and clothing
accessories, not knitted or crocheted 62104010 -
// Garments, made up of fabrics
suitable for Industrial use or of non
woven or felt and wades -other
The export import trend for chemical protective clothing is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 322: Import export trend – Chemical protective clothing
Imports
5 4.4
4
in Rs. crore
3
2
1
0
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
The top countries exporting chemical protection suits to India are:

1. Canada
2. China
3. United Kingdom
486

5. Netherlands
Quality Standards
BIS specifies the CPC clothing parameters in under the codes of IS 5071: 2002 and IS 15758: 2007.
487
High Visibility Clothing
High visibility clothes (also known as Reflective-wear) have become very essential for the protection of
people working in poorly lit environments like mines, highways, airport runways, cyclist etc. In the dark,
the high visibility clothing increases the ability to spot working and guiding personnel
There are broadly three types of high visibility clothing:
 Reflection materials which shine when struck by light
 Photo luminescent material which give yellow light in dark
 Fluorescent material which is more visible even during the day
Photo luminescent materials absorb the artificial light and emit green-yellow light in the darkness. Zinc
Sulphide crystals which are not radioactive and non toxic pigments. Fluorescent materials convert
energy from non-visible UV rays into visible. These are useful during daylight but offer little protection in
the dark as they do not emit or reflect light.
The high visibility clothing is available in two classes:
 Suits with plastic tapes
 Suits with glass beads – or retro-reflective tapes – these give visibility up to 600 meters. Retro-
reflective tapes are based on the principle that if the incident rays of light fall on concave glass,
the reflected rays travel back in the same direction. This enhances the visibility of the person
wearing garments consisting of retro reflective tapes. The technology involves coating of highly
reflective glass beads with density as much as 50,000 tiny glass beads per square inch light.
Ideal high visibility apparel should have the following characteristics

 Light weight
 Both day and night visibility.
 Air and moisture permeability to ensure wearer comfort (Breathing perforated cloth mesh
allows air and moisture through, enabling the vest to be worn over clothing in any weather.)
 Universal one-size-fits-all design features so that jackets/Vests can be shared by the employees
working n different shifts.
 Hemmed edges for durability and neatness
There are broadly three types of high visibility clothing:
488
 Reflection materials which shine when struck by light

 Photo luminescent material which give yellow light in dark
 Fluorescent material which is more visible even during the day
Photo luminescent materials absorb the artificial light and emit green-yellow light in the darkness. Zinc
Sulphide crystals which are not radioactive and non toxic pigments. Fluorescent materials convert
energy from non-visible UV rays into visible. These are useful during daylight but offer little protection in
the dark as they do not emit or reflect light.
The high visibility clothing is available in two classes:
 Suits with plastic tapes
 Suits with glass beads – or retro-reflective tapes – these give visibility up to 600 meters. Retro-
reflective tapes are based on the principle that if the incident rays of light fall on concave glass,
the reflected rays travel back in the same direction. This enhances the visibility of the person
wearing garments consisting of retro reflective tapes. The technology involves coating of highly
reflective glass beads with density as much as 50,000 tiny glass beads per square inch light.
Ideal high visibility apparel should have the following characteristics
 Light weight
 Both day and night visibility.
 Air and moisture permeability to ensure wearer comfort (Breathing perforated cloth mesh
allows air and moisture through, enabling the vest to be worn over clothing in any weather.)
 Universal one-size-fits-all design features so that jackets/Vests can be shared by the employees
working n different shifts.
 Hemmed edges for durability and neatness

The key driver for high reflective clothing is the requirement of personnel visibility in ill-light areas of
work both from service delivery and safety perspectives. The awareness of these products is low
however is growing gradually with usage is airport, police, municipality, mining construction etc. The
market in India is nascent and almost all the products are imported and marketed in India.

The market of High visibility has been estimated through supply side mapping. Reflectosafe is the largest
player in the Industry having about 40% market share, with a production of 2.35 million metres per
annum. The total market for high visibility clothing is estimated to be Rs. 76 Crore.
489
Exhibit 323: Market size estimate – High Visibility Clothing

2012-13
Quantity (in Mn. metres) 5.85

The growing use in construction companies and traffic police clothing is helping the market grow. The
use of reflective vest however is not controlled by any government guidelines, which has prevented
strong enforcement of use of high visibility clothing. The market is expected to grow as the employment
in construction and infrastructure development industry increases. The market has been growing
moderately and is expected to grow at 6% during the next three years.
Key Manufacturers
The high visibility clothing manufacturers source the clothing and tape and fabricate the jacket/vest.
There are no manufacturers of these fabrics in India and these are sourced from Korea and China.
Some of the key suppliers of high visibility clothing are given below:
 Reflectosafe, Mumbai
 Loyal Textiles, Chennai
 Intech Safety Private Limited, Kolkata
 Safety Solution Inc., Bangalore
 Delkon Textiles Pvt. Ltd., Faridabad
Delkon manufactures woven base fabric of safety jackets (as per EN 471) and then fabricates safety
jackets. They have supplied them to Govt. Organisations in the past. The retro-reflective tape used
during fabrication is usually imported. They have a capacity to manufacture and fabricate 3 lakh safety
jackets as per EN 471 per year.

Import and export of high visibility clothing from India has been insignificant.
Quality Standards
There are no set quality standards for high visibility clothing
490
Industrial gloves components
Industrial hand gloves are a part of personal protective equipments, serving as an item of protective
apparel for workers in factories. They are classified under Cut-Slash Protection as well as Thermal
Protection. Gloves are best for protection from rough objects, sparks and heat, and for cushioning from
blows in heavy-duty work requirements. Hand gloves come in different sizes of 14 inches, 16 inches and
18 inches. The different types of industrial gloves and their respective usage have been mentioned as
under:
Exhibit 324: Types of industrial gloves
S.No Type of glove Benefits Applications
1. Nitrile Gloves Resistance to cut, For Dry grip
puncture and snag
2 PVC impregnated High abrasion resistance For Dry, wet and oily grip
textile gloves
3 Leather gloves with High temperature and For use in high temperature
Kevlar or p-aramid abrasion resistance applications and for handling sharp
layer equipments
4. Rubber gloves High electrical resistance Used in applications where electrical
(Not a technical equipments and wirings need to be
textile) handled and for surgeries and medical
applications
The typical characteristics in industrial gloves are as given below:

1. Mild heat resistance
2. High abrasion protection
3. Better grip with anti slip coating
4. Comfortable and durable
5. Protection against cut and hot splash
6. For gloves made from Aramid (para) –temperature tolerance ranges from 250 to 750
Centigrade
Industrial gloves are usually made of three base fabrics - cotton, nylon or polyester. Each of these are
used specific to the operation condition and the coating of either Nitrile, or PVC is impregnated as
required. Besides, these, some gloves meant for specific industrial use may also have addition layer of
special fabrics like Kevlar, nomex, spectra or p-aramid to provide better temperature resistance, fire
resistance, cut resistance, etc.
491

India is a major exporter of Industrial gloves to the world. More than 80% of the production of industrial
gloves is exported. In the domestic market industrial gloves are used in applications where cut and
temperature protection needs to be present. However, due to lack of any enforcing agency or
guidelines, the use of industrial gloves is limited to a few hazardous industries only.

Based on the export of industrial gloves from India, the total production of gloves in India and hence the
market size has been estimated. Industrial gloves market in India is estimated to be Rs. 1,263 Crore, with
exports accounting for Rs. 1,010 Crore. The technical textile component in the industrial gloves is limited
to just 15%. Hence total market of technical textile component in industrial gloves is Rs. 189 Crore.
Exhibit 325: Market size estimate – Industrial gloves (T T Component)
2012-13
Industrial gloves T. T component
Quantity (in Mn. pairs) 166
Value (in Rs. Crore) 1,263 189
The domestic market has grown by 31% y-o-y while exports have shown exponential growth.

 The market of work gloves or industrial gloves is primarily driven by increased awareness,
international level of safety standard in industrial workplace and mandatory safety norms for
protection of workforce. Some of the key end-use applications are:
 Iron and steel industry, where some of the big steel producers such as TISCO, SAIL, Ispat
Industries and Essar Steel have been investing further.
 Welding applications
 Oil Refineries
 Construction
 Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries
The awareness and usage level of these gloves in the Indian industry is limited compared to
International worker safety standards. Majority of the Indian production gets exported with little
demand from domestic market. The export market of industrial gloves has shown tremendous
growth and is expected further to grow at 15% during next three years.
492
The latest proposed amendment in factories act, which suggests that suitable protective work wear
in goods and hygienic condition has to be supplied by the occupier of the factory to the workers,
would help boost the domestic market which is expected to grow at 15% during the next three
years.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of industrial gloves in India are:
 Mallcom India Ltd.
 Rajda exports
 Lumen India

India is a leading exporter of gloves with glove exports of Rs. 1010 Crore in 2012-13.
Exhibit 326: Import export trends - Industrial gloves (T T Component)
codes
Imports
4015 Industrial gloves 40159030
4203 Gloves for use in industry 42032910 Industrial
Gloves mittens and mitts impregnated
glove import -
6116 61161000
coated/ covered with plastic/rubber, Rs. 7.6 Crore
knitted/crocheted
Exports
4015 Industrial gloves 40159030
4203 Gloves for use in industry 42032910 Industrial
Value of TT
glove export
Gloves mittens and mitts impregnated
component
6116 61161000 Rs. 1010
coated/ covered with plastic/rubber, Rs. 151 Crore
Crore
knitted/crocheted
The export import trend for industrial gloves is as shown in the exhibit below:
493
Exhibit 327: Import export trend - Industrial gloves (T T Component)
Exports Imports
7.6
1200 1010 8
1000
6
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
800
600 4
400
2
200 34.5 0.4
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The key countries where industrial gloves are exported are:

1. Germany
3. Chile
4. Netherlands
5. Italy
Quality Standards
The companies in India follow the EN or the European Standard like EN 512 based on the level of
protection need to be offered to the person wearing the gloves
494
High Altitude Clothing
High altitude clothing are used for protection against extreme weather conditions like extremely low
temperature, high velocity winds, snow fall etc. especially in critical combat areas which are on average
12000 ft above sea level like Siachen. The clothing at high altitudes needs to meet both functional and
comfort properties.
The high altitude clothing consists of jacket and windcheater, waist coat, trousers, glacier cap, rappelling
gloves and glacier gloves. The gear typically weight of special clothing is around nine to ten kilograms.
The typical characteristics of high altitude clothing are:
1. Hydrophilic - Waterproof and moisture resistant
2. It has a breathable membrane of Poly Utherane
3. Abrasion resistance
4. Maintain high integrity
The material used for these clothing is typically hydrophilic polyurethane coating or PTFE coating, Gore-
Tex coating or Sympatex coating. The hydrophilic properties are introduced by these coatings or
laminates. Micro-porous coatings or laminates can be produced by mechanical fibrillation, phase
separation, solvent extraction or solvent exchange. The inner jacket is usually made of fleece and rest of
the items are 100% polyester. The general specification of products is:
 Jackets are usually about 2.4 kg in weight and are made of fleece and polyester, having
waterproof coatings and a thermal vest.
 Trousers are usually 1.2 kg in weight again made of 100% polyester

The major market for high altitude clothing is from the defence services, in particular Indian Army. In
addition to the defence, High altitude clothing is also required by high altitude mountain climbers.
However, this is a very small part of the entire market. Currently Indian Army has 1.325 million soldiers
in active field area. Assuming that 20% of these would require high altitude clothing, the estimated
demand for high altitude clothing is roughly 2.65 lakh. Approximately 10% of the total demand is of
clothing for very high altitude.
495
Currently Ordinance factories are the major producer of HAL clothing producing 2.5 lakh ECWCS jackets
and close to 4 lakh Extreme Weather Clothing (EWCS) trousers. Other than Ordinance factories few
specialised private players like Shri Lakhsmi Cotsyn Defence have also started production of HAL
clothing. However, these are still in pilot phase. In addition to this, imports have been increasing to cater
to the demand of very high altitude clothing which domestic production is unable to cater to.

The estimated market for high altitude clothing in India is about 6.1 lakh units worth Rs. 609 crore with
imports contributing 31% to the total market.
Exhibit 328: Market size estimate – High Altitude clothing
2012-13
Quantity (in Lakh nos.) 6.1

The key growth driver for high altitude clothing is the Indian Army and its consumption trends. In the
last five seven years, the quality standards of the clothing being supplied to the Indian Army personnel
has improved a lot. More sets are being provided with higher quality. Based on this trend the market is
dependent on how the scale of clothing of high altitude operations would vary. In addition to that, the
continuously increasing size of the Armed forces is expected to impact the market in a proportional
manner. Secondly, although a very small part, the growth of mountaineering as a sport in India would
also provide a boost to the manufacturers specially the private ones, it seems to be in a distant future.
The market is expected to grow at 8% per annum during the next three years, on account of growing
demand from armed forces.
Key Manufacturers
The key manufacturers of high altitude clothing are given below:
1. Ordnance Factory, Shahjahanpur
2. Shri Lakhsmi Cotsyn Defence – The company has started the trial productions of High altitude
clothing after its capacity expansion n 2011. It aims to become a major player in this segment in
the near future.
496
In addition to these there are many technical textile players who supply the key raw materials to the
Ordinance factories for production of HAL clothing. These are Entremonde Polycoaters - suppliers of
breathable membrane fabrics, SRF, S Kumar’s, Reliance, Kusumgar and Ginni Spectra.

Currently exports from India are insignificant. However, High altitude clothing is being imported into
India to cater to the demand of very high altitude. The imports are in the tune of around 52,600 units
worth Rs. 189 crore. However due to absence of well specified HS codes for depict ion of high altitude
clothing, data is not available.
Quality Standards
Quality standard for the products of ordinance factories is taken care of by DRDO.
497
Outer Protective clothing
Outer protective clothing includes products like wind cheaters and rain coats made out of fabrics. These
clothing items provide protection to the person from extreme weather, wind and are water resistant to
keep the person dry.
Rain jackets and wind – cheaters come in various types. These products are constructed in a way to
protect the person from rain as well as string winds. Each type utilizes different materials to choose
from, as well as varying levels of protection and breathability. Rain jackets also come in a variety of
colours and shapes to allow women to remain fashionable while being protected. The different types of
rain coats available are:
 Breathable water proof rain coats – The waterproof/breathable type of rain jacket provides
wearers with the protection from precipitation while the breathability of the fabric allows
perspiration vapours to escape. It is recommended for use in Mountaineering, bird watching
and other application where the wearer needs to put the jacket on for a longer time.
 Breathable water resistant jackets – Water Resistant rain jackets do not prevent rain from
penetrating through the material, but they do delay it from happening. These are commonly
known as wind cheaters, as the lamination of the fabric prevents strong winds to pass through
the fabric. These are recommended for use in areas which face light rainfall.
 Hybrid soft shell jackets - This style of jacket offers a waterproof/breathable laminate that
provides the same level of protection as the waterproof/breathable rain jackets. The advantages
to purchasing this type of jacket is that they are extremely stretchy and offer protection if
stranded in a downpour. These rain jackets are recommended for use by climbers, day hikers,
and skiers in spring conditions, backpackers, fitness runners, and trail runners.
 Waterproof non- breathable jackets - This style of rain jacket is made from fully coated
materials. This means that rain cannot get in, but sweat cannot escape either. They are meant
for emergency use, or extremely minimal activity. This type of rain coats are commonly made of
rubber and hence have not been included as a part of the segment.
498

The market for rain coats in India is mostly concentrated in areas having heavy rainfall like the North
East and the Western Ghats. The preference of a rain coat is still very low over umbrellas due to the
longer life of an umbrella and easy usability. The market is mostly concentrated in the urban regions.

The market size of protective jackets – rain coats and windcheaters has been estimated using the
average per capita spending on such items as per the NSSO survey done in 2011-12. The total market is
estimates are as shown in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 329: Market size estimate – Outer protective clothing
2012-13
Quantity (in Lakh nos.) 70

With very limited export of textile rain coats, the market is mainly dependent on the domestic
consumption. While the preference of plastic and rubber rain coats is very high in the children segment
and the rural areas due to the price factor, textile based rain coats and win cheaters are preferred by
sports person for mountaineering and application where the wearer has to put on a rain coat for longer
time duration. The key driver would be the increasing preference for these rain coats due to the comfort
that they provide, which is expected to grow as the living standard and per capita income of the Nation
rises. The domestic market is expected to grow at 10% per annum during the next three years. The
export of raincoats from India has grown at over 20% in the last three years growing from Rs. 2500 crore
to over Rs. 5200 crore. Considering the limited share of textile based raincoats, it is expected that the
overall export market would grow at 15%.
Key Manufacturers
Most of the rain coat manufacturers in India belong to the mall and Medium scale industry. Key
Manufacturers of rain coats in India are:
 Tulsi Corporation – Bangalore
499

India exported rain coats and wind cheaters valued at Rs. 1.5 Crore and imported rain coats and wind
cheaters valued at Rs. 6.1 Crore. However, a majority of these are of plastic or rubber and not based on
textiles. The import statistics are:
Exhibit 330: Import export trends - Outer protective clothing

HS HS code description Applicable 2012-13
code HS codes
family
Imports
6201 Overcoats, Raincoats, Car-coats, Capes, Cloaks And Similar
62011100
Articles Of Wool/ Fine Animal Hair Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Raincoats Of Cotton Not Knitted Or Crocheted 62011120
Rain coat, windcheaters and there similar articles of cotton 62011290
Raincoats Of Man-Made Fibres Not Knitted Or Crocheted 62011310
Rain coats windcheater and similar articles of other fibres 62019990
6202 OVERCOATS,RAINCOATS ETC &SIMILAR ARTICLES OF CO
62021200
TTON
Overcoats,raincoats,carcoats,capes,cloaks and similar articles
of man 62021300
made fibres
Women's Or Girls' Wind & Ski-Jackets, Wind Cheaters Of Wool 62029110
Or Fine Animal Hair Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Women's Or Girls' Wind & Ski Jackets, Wind Cheaters Of 62029210
Cotton Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Women's Or Girls' Wind & Ski-Jackets, Wind Cheaters Of Man- 62029310
Made Fibres Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Women's Or Girls' Wind & Ski Jackets Of Silk Of Silk Not 62029911 Rs. 29 Crore
Knitted Or Crocheted
Overcoats,raincoats,carcoats,capes cloaks and similar articles
of other textile 62029990
Materials other than silk
6210 Outer Garments Of Rubberized Textile Fabrics For Women’s
Or Girls’ Overcoats, Car-Coats, Capes, Cloaks, Anoraks, Wind- 62102010
Cheaters, Wind Jackets And Similar Articles Other Than Those
Of Heading 6202 Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Outer Garments For Women’s Or Girls’ Overcoats, Car-Coats,
Capes, Cloaks, Anoraks, Wind-Cheaters, Wind Jackets And
Similar Articles Other Than Those Of Heading 6202, Of Fabrics 62102020
Impregnated, Coated, Covered Or Laminated With
Preparations Of Cellulose Derivatives And Other Artificial
Plastic Materials Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Outer Garments, Men's & Boys' Of Textile Fabrics, Otherwise 62102030
Impregnated Or Coated Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Other Outer Garments For Men's & Boy's Not Knitted Or 62102090
Crocheted
500

code HS codes
family
Other Outer Garments For Men Or Boys Of Textiles

Impregnated, Coated, Covered Or Laminated With Preparation 62103010
Of Cellulose Derivatives And Other Artificial Plastic Materials
Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Outer Garments, Men Or Boys' Of Rubberised Textile Fabrics 62103020
Outer Garments, Men & Boys' Of Textile Fabrics, Otherwise 62103030
Impregnated Not Knitted Or Crocheted
6307 63072010
Life jackets and life belts of cotton
63072090
Life jackets & life belts of others
Exports
6201 Overcoats, Raincoats, Car-coats, Capes, Cloaks And Similar
62011100
Raincoats Of Cotton Not Knitted Or Crocheted 62011120
Rain coat, windcheaters and their similar articles of cotton 62011290
Raincoats Of Man-Made Fibres Not Knitted Or Crocheted 62011310
Rain coats windcheater and similar articles of other fibres 62019990
6202 OVERCOATS,RAINCOATS ETC &SIMILAR ARTICLES OF CO
62021200
TTON
Overcoats,raincoats,carcoats,capes,cloaks and similar articles
of man 62021300
made fibres
Women's Or Girls' Wind & Ski-Jackets, Wind Cheaters Of Wool 62029110
Or Fine Animal Hair Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Women's Or Girls' Wind & Ski Jackets, Wind Cheaters Of 62029210
Cotton Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Women's Or Girls' Wind & Ski-Jackets, Wind Cheaters Of Man- 62029310
Made Fibres Not Knitted Or Crocheted Rs. 72 Crore
Women's Or Girls' Wind & Ski Jackets Of Silk Of Silk Not 62029911
Knitted Or Crocheted
Overcoats,raincoats,carcoats,capes cloaks and similar articles
of other textile 62029990
Materials other than silk
6210 Outer Garments Of Rubberized Textile Fabrics For Women’s
Or Girls’ Overcoats, Car-Coats, Capes, Cloaks, Anoraks, Wind- 62102010
Cheaters, Wind Jackets And Similar Articles Other Than Those
Of Heading 6202 Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Outer Garments For Women’s Or Girls’ Overcoats, Car-Coats,
Capes, Cloaks, Anoraks, Wind-Cheaters, Wind Jackets And
Similar Articles Other Than Those Of Heading 6202, Of Fabrics 62102020
Impregnated, Coated, Covered Or Laminated With
Preparations Of Cellulose Derivatives And Other Artificial
Plastic Materials Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Outer Garments, Men's & Boys' Of Textile Fabrics, Otherwise 62102030
Impregnated Or Coated Not Knitted Or Crocheted
501

code HS codes
family
Other Outer Garments For Men's & Boy's Not Knitted Or 62102090
Crocheted
Other Outer Garments For Men Or Boys Of Textiles
Impregnated, Coated, Covered Or Laminated With Preparation 62103010
Of Cellulose Derivatives And Other Artificial Plastic Materials
Outer Garments, Men Or Boys' Of Rubberised Textile Fabrics 62103020
Outer Garments, Men & Boys' Of Textile Fabrics, Otherwise 62103030
Impregnated Not Knitted Or Crocheted
Overcoats, Raincoats, Car-coats, Capes, Cloaks And Similar
62011100
6307 63072010
Life jackets and life belts of cotton
63072090
Life jackets & life belts of others
*Above data includes all types of raincoats and windcheaters – textiles, plastic and rubber, etc based on DGCIS & input from key players
Other than the above mentioned HS codes the product is also shipped in HS code family – 3924 &3926and 6100
The top countries from where outer protective clothing like raincoats and windcheaters are being
imported are:
1. China
2. Canada
3. Spain
4. Denmark
The top five countries where protective clothing like raincoats, wind cheaters, etc are exported from
India are:
2. Japan
3. Mexico
4. Ghana
Quality Standards
There are no set quality parameters of rain coats and win cheaters. However, manufacturers follow the
quality parameters as requested by the buyer.
502
10. Geotech
Geotech segment comprises of technical textile products used in Geotechnical applications pertaining to
soil, rock, earth etc. This class of products is loosely called Geo-textiles. However Geo-textiles specifically
refers to permeable fabric or synthetic material, woven or non-woven, which can be used with
Geotechnical engineering material).
The principal functions performed by Geo-textiles are confinement /separation, reinforcement, filtration
and drainage, and protection. Application areas include Civil Engineering (roads and pavements, slope
stabilization and embankment protection, tunnels, rail-track bed stabilization, ground stabilization and
drainage etc), Marine Engineering (Soil Erosion control and embankment protection, breakwaters) and
Environmental Engineering (landfills and waste management).
Other specialized Geotech products comprise Geo-grids (plastics filaments and tapes etc formed into a
very open, grid like configuration having large apertures), Geo-nets (extruded polymer ribs set in net like
fashion with small apertures), Geo-membranes (impermeable fabric as barrier), gabions (used to
prevent landslides) and Geo-composites (products using two or more Geo-textiles e.g. Pre-fabricated
Drains-PVD).
503
Market Size
The total Geo-textiles Market in India including exports is still in its very nascent stage at just Rs. 683
Crore for 2012-13, 72% of which is based on demand from exports. The market size of geo textiles has
been arrived by supply side mapping taking considerable inputs from different key players, secondary
sources and associations. The market size of geo-textiles is as shown in the exhibit below. The domestic
market is growing at a slow pace and is expected to grow at 8% during the next three years, while the
export market has been the key driver for the segment and is expected to grow at 15% per annum
during the same period. The market is projected to grow to Rs. 991 crore by 205-16 at 13% CAGR and
further to Rs. 1,275 crore by 2017-18.
Exhibit 331: Market summary of Geotech
2012-13 (All values in Rs. Crore) 2013-14 (E) 2015-16 (P)
504
Geotextil Producti Impo Expor Domest Tot Expor Domest Expor Domest
es on rt t ic al t ic t ic
Value
(in Rs.
583 100 503 180 683 578 194 764 227
Crore)
Geotextil
Volum
es
e (in
'000
49 8 42 15 57 48 16 64 19
MT.)
*Does not include geo-membrane market size
The market is mainly constituted by woven and non –woven geo-textiles which make up for 85% of the
market. Other key products are geo-grids which makes up for 15% of the market. Other products that
are increasingly consumed include jute and coir based geo textiles, PVDs and gabions driven by the
needs of roads in hilly terrains and dams to prevent landslides. However, most of the gabions used in
India are steel gabions and hence they have not been considered as part of technical textiles. Other
products like geo-tubes, geo-cells, geo-membranes and PVD drains have not penetrated in a big way in
Indian markets constitute a very small part of the total market. The market of geo-grids and non woven
geo bags and tubes are expected to grow in the coming years. The domestic market for geo-textiles is
expected to grow at 8% per annum. The product wise share in total geo-textile market is as shown in the
exhibit below.
Jute & Coir Market size

geo textiles (in Rs. 683 Crore) PVDs and others
1% 0%
Geo grids
10%
Geo textiles
89%
Key Players
The key players of the segment are:
505
 Techfab India Ltd.

 Strata Geosynthetics Ltd.
 SKAPS Ltd.
 Maccaferi Environmental Solutions
 Terram India Ltd.
 Ambica Polymers
The profitability and profiles of key players is as shown below

Exhibit 333: Profitability of key players - Geotech
Company Name 2012-13 2011-12 2012-13 2011-12
Shri Ambica Polymers - - - -
Techfab India Industries Limited 5561 5044 4.1% 2.4%
Strata Geosytems Pvt. Ltd - 2302 - 8%
Neo Corp Ltd. 38717 33077 4% 6%
SKAPS Pvt. Ltd. - - - -
Terram Geosynthetics Pvt. Ltd. 6129 6368 -57% -
Garware Wall ropes 31404 31484 4% 4%
Flexituff International Limited 49418 42462 4% 6%
Jagdamba Polymers Ltd. 2841 2570 4% 3%
Maccafferi - - - -
SVM Non woven - 505 - 14%
CTM technical Textiles Ltd. 674 542 1% 4%
Functions of geo-textiles
Geo-textiles can be defined as any permeable fabric or synthetic material, woven or non-woven, which
when can be used in association with soil, rock, earth or any other Geotechnical engineering related
material. The principal functions performed by Geo-textiles are confinement /separation,
reinforcement, filtration and drainage, and protection. These functions can be described thus:
a) Confinement / Separation:
Confinement provides a media between the aggregate and the subsoil which absorbs the load in the
form of tension and prevents change in alignment of the aggregate. Geo-textile economically helps the
separation concept of keeping two dissimilar materials apart to maximise the physical attributes of each
506
of those materials. The object of separation by geo-textiles is to prevent a well defined material or rich
material from penetrating the sub-grade or the poor soil. If the separating media of geo-textiles is
absent, the infiltration of the sub-grade decreases permeability of the aggregate to the point where it
cannot adequately transport the water reaching it. Suitable geo-textile fabric with good puncture/tear
resistance when used as a separator media - eliminates the loss of costly aggregate material into subsoil,
prevents upward pumping of subsoil, eliminates contamination and maintains porosity of different
levels. This kind of function finds application in construction of road s and railways tracks, where a geo-
textile layer is put beneath the road, to prevent the gravel from mixing into the soil, thus increasing the
life of the road by two to three times. For separation purposes, both woven / nonwoven geo-textiles
may be used.
b) Reinforcement:
The purpose of geo-textiles in the reinforcement function is to reinforce the weak sub-grade or subsoil.
It helps to strengthen the soil surface and to increase the soils ability to stay put especially on the
slopes. Due to this the slopes are stabilised either permanently or temporarily and creep stops or at
least diminishes. Further, it helps in preventing water from permeating a slope and controlling the
amount of infiltration that occurs during various rain events. Reinforcing aspect of geo-textiles can be
used for roads, temporary roads, pavements, air strips, stabilised road slopes, retaining walls,
containment systems, controlling reflective cracking, fibre or fabric reinforced concrete etc. Asphalt
impregnated geo-textile is used as a paving fabric, relieving stress and acting as moisture barrier. For
reinforcement synthetic woven fabric or spun-bond is preferred. Reinforcement is further enhanced by
use of geo-grids or geo-nets.
Filtration:
The purpose of geo-textiles with reference to drainage and filtration is simply to retain soil while
allowing the passage of water. When geo-textiles are used as drains, the water flow is within the plane
of the geo-textile itself i.e., they have high lateral permeability. At the same time, geo-textiles must
possess adequate dimensional stability to retain their thickness under pressure. The life of pavement of
highways/air fields etc is affected by the time for which the water remains under the structural section
and its drainage system which is responsible for the removal of free water which is fed directly from the
stone base course beneath the structure. Needle punched nonwoven is the preferred geo-textile for
such applications where primary requirement is filtration.
c) Drainage:
507
The use of geo-textiles in drainage has made significant strides in changing the conventional procedure
of using graded filters. Outstanding advantages of geo-textiles in drainage are:
 It eliminates the filter sand with the dual media backfill.
 In some cases, it eliminates the need for perforated pipes.
 In situations where only sand backfill is available, it is possible to wrap the drainage pipe with
fabric to act as a screening agent. The fabric, thereby, prevents the sand from entering
perforation in the pipe.
 With Geo-textiles, trench excavation is considerably reduced.
 Many times the use of geo-textiles eliminates the need for trench shoring.
Needle-punched nonwoven geo-textile is preferred where drainage is the primary functional
requirement.
d) Protection:
Lining is used for cushioning and protection of membrane used for applications such as land fill and
waste containment from puncture or training by sharp stone or stress. Geo-textiles can also be
impregnated with polymeric or mineral sealing materials such as bentonite clay to provide flexible
barriers to mixture. Usually spun bond or needle-punched nonwovens are preferred for such
applications.
Each of these functions calls for highly specific textile performance characteristics. As the functional
requirements are to be met over many years of the life of the civil construction, durability is often a very
key requirement. Many applications require several of the above functions to be met simultaneously.
Further, the cost of the Geotechnical solution is also an important factor to be taken into account in
evaluating solutions.
Further, specialized geo-textile products designed for a specific function are discussed as follows:
 Geo-grids represent a rapidly growing segment within the geo-textiles area. Geo-grids are
plastics filaments, roving, and tapes etc formed into a very open, grid like configuration having
large apertures, unlike woven, nonwoven or knit textiles. These apertures may vary in size from
1 to even more than 10 cm. They can be mono-axial or bi-axial i.e. be stretched in one or two
directions for improved physical properties. Geo-grids are mainly used for reinforcement –
beneath aggregate in unpaved roads, reinforcement of embankment fills/earth dams, repairing
slope failures/landslides, as inserts between geo-textiles/geo-membranes etc.
508
 Geo-nets constitute another specialized segment within the geo-synthetic area. Geo-nets are
usually formed by a continuous extrusion of parallel sets of polymeric ribs at acute angles to one
another. When the ribs are opened, relatively large apertures are formed into a netlike
configuration. Geo-nets are made of polypropylene (PP) or Polyethylene (PE). Geo-nets are used
almost exclusively for their drainage capability for applications like water drainage behind
retaining walls, seeping rock slopes, beneath sport fields, building foundations; leachate
drainage of landfill side slopes, above landfill liners and surface water drainage within landfill
caps.
 Geo-membranes are impermeable membranes, used where the primary function is to have an
impervious barrier for fluids. However, as the possibility of punctures or tears is high in many
areas of use, it is common to protect these membranes by use of Geo-textiles. Often the geo-
textiles also perform other functions besides protection of the membrane. Geo-membranes are
made from continuous polymeric sheets that are very flexible, but can also be made by
impregnation of geo-textile with asphalt or elastomeric sprays or bitumen composites. Geo-
membranes are used in applications such as liners for water canals, waste canals, solid-waste
landfills, covers for solid-waste landfills, waterproofing within tunnels, to control odours in
landfills, to prevent infiltration of water in sensitive areas, and beneath asphalt overlays as a
waterproofing layer.
 Geo-composites consist of two or more geo-synthetic products put together to increase the
combinations ability to optimally address the specific application (say filtration/ reinforcement
etc) at minimum cost. The best features of different materials are combined in such as way that
the benefit/cost ratio is maximized. An example of this is known as wick drains in the U.S. and
prefabricated vertical drains, PVDs, in Europe. These consist of a 100 mm wide by 5 mm thick
polymer cores, for conducting water, with a geo-textile acting as a filter and separator socked
around the core.
 Gabions are rectangular or cylindrical containers fabricated from polymer/metal meshes,
usually filled with stone and used for structural purposes (retaining walls, slope and
embankment protection etc). These have been used in India since 70s. However, the gabions
509
used in India are mostly steel gabions and hence they have not been considered as part of
technical textiles
In general, the vast majority of Geo-textiles are made from polypropylene (PP), polyethylene or
polyester formed into fabrics based on type of process. The mechanical and hydraulic properties vary
widely depending on type of application designed for. Depending on type (woven/non-woven), process
(thermal bonded/resin bonded), desired performance specifications (load bearing ability, tear resistance
etc), Geo-textiles can range from under 40 GSM to over 3000 GSM (used in landfill applications). Geo-
grids are usually knitted and PVC coated. Products are designed to be resistant to mildew, bacteria, soil
acids (PP) and alkalis (PP, PES) and most chemicals.
Apart from the above, Agro based Geo-textiles (woven textiles based on Jute, Coir) are also a niche but
growing segment. These have the advantage of being bio-degradable as well as being cheaper. As a
result in low cost projects of shorter life span, natural fibre based geo-textiles mostly coir and Jute geo-
textiles are used. Recently, use of Jute geo-textile in making of village levels roads is being tested in
Karnataka. Another breakthrough has been the preference for coir based geo-textile for use along with
the railway track laying.
Key Applications
Key applications of geo-textiles include the following:
 Roadways: Geo-textiles help in improving the longevity of a road by about 2 to 2.5 times. Geo-
textiles can be used for base reinforcement, separation and draining functions. Different
applications are as follows:
o Geo-textile is used for providing a separation layer between the ballast and the soil layer,
thus preventing sinking of ballast into the soil, and increasing longevity of the road.
o Geo-textiles also provide a porous membrane beneath the road, which lets the water to
pass through into the soil and thus preventing road damage through water coagulation. This
has been a major issue for the Roadways in the Himalayan regions having high snowfall,
where roads have to be repaired almost on a yearly basis due to damage from the water
after the snow melts.
While use of synthetic geo-textiles is increasingly being done for construction of major roads –
Highways and expressways, use of coir geo-textiles which is cheaper and bio-degradable is being
510
proposed for district level and village level roads. A pilot project of construction of roads using
coir geo-textile has been taken up by nine states. Roadways, continues to be the largest
consumer of geo-textiles in India.
 Railways: Geo-textiles can be used in Railways for track bed design and increasing the stability of
the surface, protection of erosion of slope and for protection against rock falls. The key applications
in railways are as discussed below:
o About 700 km of Indian railways is built on weak formation of soil, which requires regular
repairs. Use of geo textiles as a base would help in spreading the load across the soil while
preventing sinking of the track ballast, thus reducing the repair requirements of the track.
This would also make the track more stable and suitable for higher axle load traffic, the kind
which is being planned in the proposed in the Delhi- Mumbai corridor.
o Gabions are used along the railway tracks in hilly areas for protecting rock fall.
o AS Reinforced Earth Embankments: Geo-textiles are used to hold RE embankments along
the railway track where the soil layer is loose and chances of landslides are higher. Along the
Udhampur- Jammu route, near the bridge on Tawi river, Railways has constructed a similar
embankment of 35 m height.
o Use of biaxial geo-grids is being tested for use in pilot projects in four divisions of Indian
railways – NF railways, N railways, EC railways and SC railways.
o Prefabricated Vertical drains (PVDs) can be used to expedite soil consolidation in weak soil
clayey regions, where the top soil is non porous and weak thus, increasing risk of ground
sinking.
While the use of geo-textiles is increasing, more tests and pilot projects are being done to see
the advantages of geo-textiles for Indian railways. The market is expected to increase at a
growing pace in the coming years.
 Major Ports and river banks: Geo tubes, Geo-membranes and geo-bags are often used at ports to
prevent shore line erosion by water at ports. A geo-tube sea wall is being constructed at Upadda
village in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh for prevention of erosion by sea. Geo-tubes are
also being used at Kolkata Port on an experimental basis. While the penetration of geo-textiles is not
significant at present, the preference for use of geo-textiles for ports is growing and market is
expected to grow at a goods rate in the coming ten years.
511
 Urban Infrastructure: PVDs can be used for construction of roads and settlements at areas having
weak clayey soil. PVDs increase the rate of water flow through the soil and help the consolidation to
occur in just months instead of years, thus making the construction far more stable.
In addition to these, geo textiles can also be used to provide base reinforcement in the power sector and
airport runways. However, such specialised applications are not currently being done in India.
Market trends and growth drivers

The market of geo-textile in India is mainly dependent on the investments coming in the road
infrastructure sector and the railway infrastructure sector. With the pressing need of having adequate
infrastructure in terms of roadways, railways and ports infrastructure, Government has been doing
substantial investment towards infrastructure building. Due to limited penetration and various trail
programmes going on in different states, the use of geo-textiles is limited to just expressways and
National Highways. The proposed investment for the XIIth plan for Infrastructure development in key
sectors and the potential for use of geo-textiles in these sectors is shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 334: Demand estimation for geo-textiles
Spending on
2012-17 - Projects with Penetration geo textiles Spending on
Proposed potential of using of Geo- during five geo-textile
In Rs. Crore Investment geo-textiles textile years for 2012-13
Roads (Excluding
483,323 338.326 33,833 338 85
state level roads)
Railways 273,083 218,466 32,770 328 82
Ports 180,626 144,501 28,900 434 87
Airports 17,500 8,750 875 4 1
Power 354,260 106,278 5,314 53 11
Urban
10,000 2,000 400 8 2
Infrastructure
Other
4,099,239 409,924 20,496 410 41
Infrastructure
Total 307
th
Source: Various working group reports for XII five year plan
Working group report on roads under central govt. for 2012-17
Working group report on railways for 2012-17
Working group report on Ports sector for 2012-17
Working group report on power sector for 2012-17
Working group report on Civil Aviation -2012-17
Working group report on Urban Infrastructure 2012-17
Discussion paper on financial requirement for infrastructure and industry – Sept. 2012
512
The proposed investment for the XIIth five year plan is significantly higher than the XIth five year plan
indicating the government is more concerned about development of adequate infrastructure in the
country. This is expected to act as a booster for various industries associated with infrastructure
development like geo-textiles.
Another key growth factor for geo-textiles is the fact that the benefits of using geo-textiles are now
being widely acclaimed across the infrastructure sector of India and the Government is keenly exploring
opportunities for use of geo-textiles in infrastructure projects. Various trials for use of geo-textiles in
ports sector, railways and roadways are underway. This is expected to help the geo-textile industry to
grow at a significant rate of 8% during the next three years.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of geo-textiles in India have already been discussed in the introductory section.
Import Export scenario

While imports of geo-textile has been stagnant in the last five years, Export of geo textile from India has
grown significantly reaching Rs. 503 crore in 2012-13. Players like Ambica Polymers and SKAPS are
export oriented units. The export and import statistics has been shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 335: Import export trends - Geotech
HS code family 2007-08 2012-13
Imports
3920, 3923, 3925 & 3926
5310 & 5311
5402 & 5407
5602 & 5603
5701 Rs. 105 Crore Rs. 100 Crore
5903, 5906, 5907 & 5911
6301, 6305 &6307
6806, 6807 & 6815
7308 & 7311
Exports
3920, 3923, 3925 & 3926
5310 & 5311
5402 & 5407
5602 & 5603 Rs. 87 Crore Rs. 503 Crore
5701
5903, 5906, 5907 & 5911
6301, 6305 &6307
513
HS code family 2007-08 2012-13
6806, 6807 & 6815

The export import trend for geotextiles is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 336: Import export trend - Geotech
Exports Imports
600 503 120 105 100
500 100
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
400 80
300 60
200 40
87
100 20
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
The key HS codes under which geo-textiles are being traded are shown as under:
Exhibit 337: HS codes for geo-textiles
HS code family HS Code Description
3824 38244090 Others

3901 39011090 Other polyethylene having a specific gravity < 0.94
3917 39174000 Fittings for tubes pipes and hoses of plastic
39201012 Sheets of polyeythylene: flexible, plain
39201019 Other sheets of polyethene
Other plates, sheet etc of polymers of ethylene
3920
39201092 flexible, plain
39201099 Other plates, sheet of polymers of ethylene nes
39205999 Other sheets etc of other acrylic polymer nes
3923 39232990 Sack and bag (including cones)of other plastic nes
3925 39259090 Other builders ware of plastics nes
3926 39269099 Other article of plastic nes
53101013 Hessian cloth containing 100% by wt of jute
5310 53101099 Other woven fabrics containing jute >= 50%
53109099 Others
53110015 Of coir including log form and geo textiles
5311 53110019 Other woven fabrics of other veg textile
53110029 Other woven fabrics of paper yarn
5407 54023300 Textured yarn of polyester
514
HS code family HS Code Description
54071019 Unbleached other polyester fabrics

54071039 Other dyed polyester fabrics
54072090 Other woven fabrics from strip/the like
Woven fabrics, containing 85% or more by wt of
54077200 other synthetic filaments, dyed
Woven fabrics containing 85% or more by wt of
54077400 other synthetic filaments, printed
54079110 Other synthetic woven fabrics – unbleached
56021000 Needle loom felt and stitch bonded FIBR fabrics
56022990 Other textile felt
56031100 Man-made filament weighing
56031200 Man-made filament weighing>25g /sqm
Man-made filament weighing between 70g/sqm
5603
56031300 and 150g/sqm
56031400 Man-made filament weighing >150g/sqm
Other filament weighing between 70g/sqm and
56039300 150g/sqm
56039400 Other filament weighing >150g/sqm
57019020 Of coir including geo textile
5701 & 5702
57022020 Coir carpets and other rugs
Other fabric plated laminated coated impregnated
5903
59031090 with other plastics
Textile fabrics felt and felt-industrial woven fabrics
coated covered with rubber etc for card clothing
5911 and similar fabrics for other technological
59111000 properties including naro
59119090
63051080
6305
63053900 Jute soil savers
63079090 Other made up articles other than cotton
6307
68079090 Other roofing in other form
*IMaCS analysis
The top five countries importing geotextiles from India are:

2. Germany
3. Japan
4. Poland
5. Australia
The top five countries exporting geo textiles to India are:
1. Malaysia
515
2. Germany
3. United Kingdom
4. China
5. Italy
Manufacturing process and Type of Raw materials

Geo-textiles are manufactured from polypropylene, polyester or polyethylene which can be either
woven or non-woven. Manufacturing process for Woven products includes Weaving / Knitting and
Coating (PVC). Products can be - woven multi-filament, woven slit-film monofilament and woven slit-film
multifilament. The non-woven Geo-textiles can be made from heat bonding or needle-punching.
Geogrids are knitted, while Geonets and Geomembranes are extruded from HDPE.
Key machinery
Most units surveyed used Sulzer looms for manufacturing Woven Geo-textiles. Knitting machines from
Karl Mayer are also used. Nonwoven needle-punching lines from Hunter, Dilo Group and Trutzschler are
used. In India, the leading machinery vendors are represented by ATE and Voltas.
Quality Standards
Indian standards for geo-textiles are as shown below:
 IS 13162:1991  IS 14716: 1999
 IS 13321:1992  IS 14739: 1999
 IS 13325:1992  IS 14986: 2001
 IS 13326:1992  IS 15060: 2001
 IS 14294:1995  IS 15868:2008
 IS 14324:1995  IS 15869: 2008
 IS 14706: 1999  IS 15871: 2009
 IS 14714: 1999  IS 15909: 2010
 IS 14715: 2000  IS 15910:2010
 IS 14715: 2013  IS 16090: 2013
Manufacturers also follow ASTM and EN standards.
516
11. Oekotech
Oekotech segment refers to use of technical textiles in Environmental Engineering. The primary segment
in this is Landfill waste management. This refers to the use of Geosynthetic products to secure landfills
against leakage of municipal or hazardous waste. Other areas include secondary protection in
Chemical/Oil Industries (ground covers and the like around process tanks for secondary containment
should the tanks leak).
A modern engineering landfill has the following components - a basal lining system to prevent the
contamination of soil, and ground water by pollutants, a capping system to seal the waste when the
capacity of the landfill is exhausted, an impervious sealing layer which prevents the entry of pollutants in
the ground, a leachate collection system for the collection and transmission of leachates to a collection
pit, a secondary leachate collection/leak detection system.
Oekotech application segment includes concepts in environmental protection, waste disposal and
recycling. The most well known concept is the use of geosynthetic products (discussed earlier in
Geotech) in Landfill management. Secure landfills are considered to be the best available technical
option for the safe disposal of large volumes of solid waste/slurry. Waste management (both Municipal
and Hazardous) has become a major environmental issue in India as well as other countries.
A modern engineering landfill has the following components - a basal lining system to prevent the
contamination of soil, and ground water by pollutants, a capping system to seal the waste when the
capacity of the landfill is exhausted, an impervious sealing layer which prevents the entry of pollutants in
the ground, a leachate collection system for the collection and transmission of leachates to a collection
pit, a secondary leachate collection/leak detection system.
Exhibit 338: Geo membranes - used for soil lining in waste disposal
517
In India, Oekotech is constituted by geo –membranes, which are primarily used for landfills. The
Oekotech market is currently of 10,000 MT worth Rs. 120 crore. The table below shows the Oekotech
market in India and its Growth prospects. There is little export of geo-membranes from India. Due to
limited awareness, the market is expected to grow at 10% during the coming three years and is
projected to grow to Rs. 160 crore by 2015-16 at 10% CAGR and further to Rs. 193 crore by 2017-18.
Exhibit 339: Market summary of Oekotech
2013-14 (E)
Oekotextil Producti Impo Expo Domest Tot Expo Domest Expo Domest
es on rt rt ic al rt ic rt ic
Value
(in Rs. 120 120 120 - 132 160
Crore)
Oekotextil
Volum
es
e (in - 11
10 10 10 13
'000
MT.)
The key manufacturers of geo-membranes in India are Mahrshee Geo-membrane Pvt. Ltd. located at
Vadodra Gujarat and Pragya Polmers located at Kolkata.
Introduction to products
Geo-synthetics are extensively used in the design of both base and cover liner systems of landfill
facilities. The products include:
 Geo-grids: It can be used to reinforce slopes beneath the waste, reinforce walls as well as to
reinforce cover soils above geo-membranes;
 Geo-nets, which can be used for in-plane drainage;
 Geo-membranes, which are relatively impermeable sheets of polymeric formulations that can
be used as a barrier to liquids, gases and/or vapours; provide the critical functions of leachate
containment, protection of ground water and Landfill Gas (LFG). They are also used in landfill
caps.
 Geo-composites, which consist of two or more geosynthetics, can be used for separation,
filtration or drainage;
518
 Geo-synthetic clay liners (GCLs), which are composite materials consisting of Bentonite and geo-
synthetics that can be used as an infiltration/hydraulic barrier; they find application not only in
landfills/waste management but also for mine rehabilitation, tunnels, secondary containment
e.g. of petrochemicals, landscaping etc.
 Geo-pipes, which can be used in landfill applications to facilitate collection and rapid drainage of
the leachate to a sump and removal system
 Geo-textiles, which can be used for filtration purpose or as cushion to protect the geo-
membrane from puncture.
Both woven and non-woven geo-synthetics are used. Geo-synthetic clay liners consist of non-woven
fabric layers of 180-250 GSM with an intermediate layer of Bentonite mineral (Unit Mass: 1-5 kg/sq m).
Geo-textiles used for filtration/cushion are typically high GSM (285 – 3000) non-woven fabrics. HDPE
geo-membranes are manufactured using approximately 97% high molecular weight polyethylene, 2 to
3% carbon black, and 0.5 to 1.0% stabilizers and antioxidants. Some salient features of HDPE geo-
membrane include chemical resistance, low permeability and ultraviolet resistance. The thickness of this
geo-membrane is 2 mm.
Market Size and trade trends

Issue of waste management has seen rising public and government awareness over the years. Waste can
be categorized as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Hazardous Waste (HW).
The per capita MSW generated in India ranges from above 100 grams in small town to over 600 grams in
large cities. The total MSW generated in India during 2009 to 2012 was estimated to be of 1.27 Million
MTPA as per the status report of CPCB. These wastes are either recycled or land-filed or incinerated. In
India these are collected by respective municipalities and transported to disposal sites which are
normally low lying areas outside the city. While focus on recycling in increasing, the preference for land-
filling of these waste is decreasing due to the increased cost of land filling as the land filling sites are
quickly occupied due to the increase waste production. Given the limited revenues of municipalities,
most bodies have not been able to afford the treatment and disposal of MSW required under
environmental guidelines. Not surprisingly, many urban waste sites pose a serious health hazard for the
semi-urban/rural communities nearby. Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000
(MSW Rules) are applicable to every municipal authority responsible for collection, segregation, storage,
519
transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid. Only the seven metro cities in India generate
MSW in excess of 1000 MTPA with highest generation from Delhi and Chennai. Due to the high cost of
land filling site and its operation and management, currently engineered land filling sites are available
only at these places.
Hazardous waste consists of corrosive, reactive, ignitable and toxic wastes. India produces about 2.7
million MT of land-fillable Hazardous Waste every year, as per CPCB report of 2009. The findings of the
same are as tabulated in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 340: Hazardous waste generation
Sl. No. Hazardous waste category Quantity of waste generated Percentage share
(in Million MTPA)
1 Land- fillable hazardous waste 2.72 44%
2 Inenarrable hazardous waste 0.42 7%
3 Recyclable hazardous waste 3.09 49%
Total 6.23
Source: National Inventory of Hazardous Wastes Generating Industries & Hazardous Waste Management in India – CPCB – Feb 2009
Gujarat and Maharashtra are the top two Hazardous waste generating states in India accounting for
over 50% of Hazardous waste generated. Seven states shown in the exhibit account for over 80% of the
Hazardous Waste generated in India.
Hazardous Waste generated - 2012-13
Others
Gujarat
20%
Tamil Nadu 29%
4%
West Bengal
4%
Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra

4% 9% 25%
Chattisgarh
5%
Source: National Inventory of Hazardous Wastes Generating Industries & Hazardous Waste Management in India – CPCB – Feb 2009
520
Common Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF) are developed for the disposal of land
disposable HW at 22 different places in 10 States in Gujarat and Maharashtra. The list of waste disposal
facilities across states is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 341: Distribution of TDSF for HW disposal
Sl. No. State No. of TDSF
1 Gujarat 7
2 Maharashtra 4
3 Uttar Pradesh 3
4 Andhra Pradesh 2
5 Himachal Pradesh 1
6 Madhya Pradesh 1
7 Punjab 1
8 Rajasthan 1
9 Tamil Nadu 1
10 West Bengal 1
Total 22
Total waste handling capacities (disposal capacity) of these facilities is 1.5 million MTPA which is just
55% of the present generation of 2.7 million MTPA of land-disposable Hazardous waste. This shows a
clear requirement of close of close to 1.2 million MTPA capacities for land fillable waste disposal. This
clearly indicates that in future the land-fillable waste disposal capacity is expected to increase to almost
double the current size, indicating goods prospects for use of geo-textiles for Oekotech purposes.
521
12. Indutech
Indutech includes technical textile products used in the manufacturing sector. The technical textile
products covered under Indutech are given below:-
 Conveyor belts (TT component)
 Drive belts (TT component)
 Cigarette filter rods
 Decatising cloth
 Bolting cloth
 AGM glass battery separators
 Coated abrasives (TT component)
 Ropes & cordages
 Composites (technical textiles component)
 Printed circuit boards (TT component)
 Computer printer ribbon
 Paper making fabrics
 Filtration Products
 Industrial slings and webbings
 Acoustic textile used in cell phones
 Industrial hoses and pipes (TT component)
522
Technical textiles consumption under Indutech in India is estimated at Rs 5,550 Crore in 2012-13.
Market size of Indutech, taken to be the sum of consumption and exports value is Rs. 6,625 Crore in
2012-13. The single largest contributor to the market size of segment of Indutech is the ropes and
cordages with a market size of 1,717 Crore and accounting for 26% of the market size of Indutech. The
domestic consumption for ropes and cordages stands at Rs. 1,008 Crore. The other two major segments
523
that along with ropes and cordages constitute almost 60% of market size are Indutech are composites
and coated abrasives accounting for 21% and 11% of the market size respectively.
Overall, exports for segments of Indutech are estimated to be of Rs. 1,075 Crore. The domestic
consumption stands at Rs. 5,550 Crore and imports at Rs. 1,442 Crore which accounts for 26% of the
domestic consumption.
The segment is projected to grow to Rs. 9,929 crore by 2015-16 at 14% CAGR and further to Rs. 13,127
crore by 2017-18.
The imports, exports, domestic consumption and market size of all products segments have been
summarized in the following exhibit.
Exhibit 342: Market summary of Indutech
2013- 2015-16
Indutech 2012-13
14(P) (P)
Produ Impor Expo Dome Marke Expo Dom Expo Dom
Product Unit
ction ts rts stic t Size rt estic rt estic
Conveyor ‘000 MT 12 2.59 3.34 11.2 14.6 3.5 12.9 3.9 17.1
belts (TT
INR Crore 300 76 84 292 376 89 336 100 444
component)
‘000 MT 5.2 0.3 0.3 5.2 5.5 0.36 5.95 0.41 7.87
Drive belts(TT
component) INR Crore 199 33 19 213 232 20 245 23 325
million 19,77 22,64

Cigarette
filter rods nos 19,874 2 1,391 18,485 19,876 1,808 9 3,055 5
INR Crore
421 2 29 394 423 38 421 64 482
mn 2 2
Decatising metres
2 0.06 - 2 2 - -
cloth
INR Crore 35 6 - 41 41 - 43 - 48
000 sqm 339 432 38 734 772 38 807 40 977

Bolting cloth
INR Crore 14 18 2 30 32 2 33 2 40
AGM glass
battery Mn Sqm 9 59 0 68 68 0 82 0 118
separators INR Crore
524
2013- 2015-16
Indutech 2012-13
14(P) (P)
Product Unit
50 325 0 375 375 0 450 0 648
65,06 93,69
Coated
abrasives(TT ‘000 MT 53,092 1,410 278 54,224 54,502 289 9 312 9
component)
INR Crore 711 48 9 750 759 9 900 10 1,296
‘000 MT 122.5 11.7 37.1 97.0 134.1 44.5 108.7 64.1 136.3
Ropes and
cordages
INR Crore 1,646 71 709 1,008 1,717 851 1,129 1,225 1,416
Glass fabrics
as a part of ‘000 MT 82 47 14 114 128 15 131 17 173
composites
(TT
component) INR Crore 924 499 202 1,221 1,423 214 1,404 240 1,856
Printed
Mn Sqm - 32 - 32 29 - 38 - 51
circuit
boards(TT
component) INR Crore - 29 - 29 29 - 34 - 46
mn
Computers metres 1,099 332 7 1,425 1,431 7 1,453 7 1,512
printer
ribbon
INR Crore 220 66 1 285 286 1 291 1 302
Mn Sqm 5 1 0 6 6 0 7 0 9
Filtration
products
INR Crore 407 6.4 2 411 414 2 473 2 625
860 395 43 1,212 1,256 52 1,394 75 1,844

Paper making
fabrics
INR Crore 147 67 7.4 207 214 9 238 13 314
525
2013- 2015-16
Indutech 2012-13
14(P) (P)
Product Unit
11,71
Industrial
webbings and MT 4,080 5,043 325 8,798 9,123 358 9,678 433 0
slings
INR Crore 102 194 8.4 288 296 9 317 11 383
- - - - -
Others
INR Crore 7 1.4 2 6 8 2 7 3 8
INR
Crore 5,181 1,442 1,075 5,550 6,625 1,246 6,320 1,694 8,235
Values
Key players of the industry

 SRF Ltd.
 Khosla Profil Pvt. Ltd.
 Owens Corning India Pvt. Ltd
 U.P.Twiga Fiberglass Limited
 Masturlal Fabrichem Pvt. Ltd
 Green Field Material Handling Pvt. Ltd.
 Pix transmissions Ltd.
 Fenner Conveyor Belting Pvt. Ltd.
 Grindwell Norton
 Carborundum Universal Limited (CUMI)
The profitability of the key players has been shown as under:
Exhibit 343: Profitability of key Indutech players

526
2012- 2012- 2011-

Company Name 13 2011-12 13 12
SRF Ltd. 285590 265350 7.8% 11.0%
Garware Wall Ropes Ltd. 31404 31484 4.1% 4.1%
Khosla Profil Pvt. Ltd. - 4029 -- 3.5%
-
Owens Corning India Pvt. Ltd - 263 -- 497.7%
UP Twiga Glass Fibre 8847 7700 6.6% 9.8%
Voith Paper Fabrics Ltd 11067 10250 21.7% 21.8%
Wire and Fabriks Pvt. Ltd. 8127 9175 1.9% 6.1%
Greenfield 52 -156 3.6% 5.1%
Pix transmissions 13480 20601 -11.8% 0.3%
Fenner Conveyor Belting Pvt. Ltd. 1124 1477 0.1% 6.5%
Grindwell Norton 28976 20070 10.3% 11.4%
CUMI 50499 46640 6.8% 11.7%
Sanrhea Technical Textiles 996 986 0.6% 2.7%
Source: Annual report, MCA, VCCedge, Capitaline

Indutech is a growing segment of the Indian technical textile industry having and is expected to grow at
10% during the next three years. The key products in the segment that show very promising prospects
are glass fabrics as a part of composites, filtration products and ropes and cordages. Acoustic textiles
used in cell phones are a very small at present but are expected to grow fast.
527
Conveyor Belts
Belt Conveyor system is a fastest, environment friendly & economical mode of bulk transportation. The
conveyor belt is used to move unit loads individually and bulk loads continuously.
Product description
A Conveyor belt consists of three components: Cover, Carcass and Insulation – the bonding medium for
the carcass. Belting fabrics are used for reinforcing these conveyor belts.
The carcass is sandwiched between two covers, the face cover for the carrying side and the back cover
for the pulley side with the face cover being thicker as it is subject to more wear and tear. The quality of
cover will depend on the material to be handled, its abrasive quality and lump size and the service
conditions. The carcass provides the strength for transmitting the power to drive the conveyor and to
support the load carried on the belt. The belt strength is determined by the combined strength of the
plies (Generally two- or three- ply belting). The insulation medium within the carcass of any belt
separates the plies to prevent chafing; permits the belt to flex, imparts good adhesion to bind the
carcass, supports the load; absorbs energy on impact at the loading point and properties for the
application – resistance to heat, oil or fire.
Conveyor belts can be classified as rubber conveyor belts and PVC conveyor belts. Rubber based belting
can be textile reinforced or steel reinforced. Textile reinforced belts are primarily of Nylon, polyester.
Most of the steel cord belts are used in the mining sector
The belts can be classified based on their application as General Purpose, Heat-resistant, Fire-resistant,
Oil-resistance, Food grade etc.

The production of textile reinforced conveyor belting in India is estimated at 12,000 MT. The domestic
consumption for reinforcement material is estimated to be 11,246 tonnes which amounts to Rs 292
Crore up from the estimate Rs 105 Crore for 2007 – 08 registering a CAGR of 23%. The exports as
mentioned in the following section are estimated at Rs. 84 Crore, bringing the total market size to
Rs.376 Crore.
528
Exhibit 344: Market size estimate for TT component of conveyor belts

2012-13
Domestic consumption Quantity (in MT) 11245.78
Domestic consumption Value (in Rs. Crore) 292.10
Exports (in MT) 3344.96
Exports (in Rs. Crore) 84.16
Market size (in MT) 14590.74
Market size (in Rs. Crore) 376.26

The key growth driver of the conveyor belting industry is infrastructure development in the country. The
key consumer and thus, driver industries for conveyor belts are the steel industry, power industry,
cement industry, ports, fertilizers and soda ash. An overall economic boost that lifts all these sectors and
facilitates large scale investments in these sectors will automatically boost demand for conveyor belting
and the related technical textile consumption of the country. With significant push expected in the
infrastructure sector, the domestic consumption for technical textiles component of the conveyor belts
is expected to grow by 15% in the near future. Exports are expected to grow at 6% year on year.
Key Manufacturers
The key manufactures of conveyor belting solutions are:
 Madura Industrial Textiles
 Sempertrans Nirlon
 International Conveyor Belting Ltd.
 Fenner India Pvt. Ltd
 Jonson Rubber Industries Ltd.
 Sanrhea Technical Textiles Limited
 SRF Ltd.
 Forech India
 NRC

The import export scenario of the conveyor belts has been captured in the following Exhibit 345.
529
Exhibit 345: Export Import for conveyor belt fabric

family
Imports
3926, 4010, 5906, 5910 39269010, 39269099, 40101210, 59069920, Rs. 76.26 Crore
59069990, 59100020, 59100030, 59100060,
59100090, 59119090
Exports
3926, 4010, 5906, 5910 39269010, 39269099, 40101210, 59069920, Rs. 84.16 Crore
59069990, 59100020, 59100030, 59100060,
59100090, 59119090
Key export destinations are Canada, USA, UK, Hungary and Thailand. Key countries from where we
import are China, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and U S A. Imports and exports both have kept pace
with times. Imports have grown from 11 Crore in 2007-08 to 76 Crore in 2012-13. Exports have also
grown from Rs. 66 Crore to Rs. 84 Crore in 2012-13.
Exhibit 346: Import and export trends for conveyor belts TT component t- 2012-13 vs. 2007-08
Imports Exports
76
80 100 84.16
60 80 66
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
60
40
40
20 11 20
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Exports
530
Drive belts
A belt drive is a method of transferring rotary motion between two shafts. A belt drive includes one
pulley on each shaft and one or more continuous belts over the two pulleys. The motion of the driving
pulley is, generally, transferred to the driven pulley via the friction between the belt and the pulley.
Product description
The transmission belts can be classified as Flat, Vee, Poly-Vee, Timing/synchronous belts etc. Vee belts
(or V Belts) are the most widely used belts. V belt drives replaced flat belt drives for many applications
because higher power could be transmitted with more compact drive arrangements. V Belt Drives
achieve drive efficiencies of about 95%.
V belts are used in alternators, air conditioning compressors, power steering pumps and water pumps,
apart from fans in automobiles as well as a number of industries. There are different types of V-belts;
some of them are wedge section V belts; high capacity narrow V-belts; hexagonal V-belts; multi rib poly
V-belts; automotive timing belts; auto wrapped belts in wedge and classical types; and variable speed
drive belts for two wheeler applications. Generally three types of V belts are commonly used: raw –
edged, v-ribbed, and wrapped. They come in five standard sizes A, B, C, D and E. The top width of A is
12.7 mm (1/2 in) and that of E is mm (1) and the thickness varies between the different sizes. When
power transmitted is heavy multiple belts are used in pulleys having a number of grooves as required.
The selection of the type of V belt depends on the power capacity of the drive and the small pulley's
shaft speed (rev/s), acceptable limits of the speed ratio, pitch length of the belt(s), and diameters of the
two pulleys etc. When correctly specified, V belts can be expected to deliver 25000 hours of service
(around 3 years continuous, or 5 years normal use) before belt replacement is required.

The domestic consumption of drive belts is estimated to be at Rs 711.40 Crore and 6.9 Crore pieces. The
corresponding Technical Textile component is pegged at a quantity of 5177 MT worth Rs. 213 Crore,
indicating a CAGR growth of 21% over the 2007-08 estimates of Rs. 84 Crore. With exports at Rs 19
Crore and 341 MT, the market size for technical textile component in drive belts is Rs. 232 Crore and
5,518 MT.
531
Exhibit 347: Market size estimate of drive belts

2012-13
Domestic consumption of drive belts (in Crore pcs) 6.9
Domestic consumption of drive belts Value (in Rs. Crore) 711.40
Domestic consumption in quantity of TT component in drive belts (in MT) 5,177
Value of Domestic consumption of TT component in drive belts (in Rs. Crore) 213
Exports in quantity of TT component in drive belts (in MT) 341
Exports of TT component of Drive belts (in Rs Crore) 19
Market size of TT component in drive belts(in MT) 5,518
Market size of TT component in drive belts(in Rs. Crore) 213

V belts find applications in textile industry (textile machinery, textile spinning, texturing, weaving units),
chemical and fertilizer industry, steel, engineering, railways, pharmaceuticals, cement and paper
industry (printing & packaging, paper conversion) among others. The market for V belts can be broadly
divided into two segments- industrial and automotive. The industrial belts account for 55-60 % of the
total market. The future growth for the product segment, thus, depends on the economic growth and
cascading push to each of these industries. Automotive sector growth trajectory shall also be a key
determinant. With auto sector expecting to retain 12%-15% growth in the near future and the new
Government’s proactive commitment to the economy the domestic consumption of transmission belts
is expected to grow at 15% in the immediate short term horizon.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of drive belts include: Fenner India, Pix Transmissions and Good Year

The import export scenario for drive belts has been captured in the following Exhibit 348.
Exhibit 348: Export Import trends for drive belts
Imports
4010 40103110, 40103190, 40103210, 40103290, 40103310, Rs. 32.97
40103390, 40103410, 40103490, 40103510, 40103590, Crore
532

40103610, 40103690
Exports
4010 40103110, 40103190, 40103210, 40103290, 40103310, Rs. 18.94
40103390, 40103410, 40103490, 40103510, 40103590, Crore
40103610, 40103690
Key import sources are Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, China and Korea. Key export destinations are
Germany, UAE, Panama, Sudan, Singapore and USA. The trend of exports and imports over 2007-08
have been captured in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 349: Import and export trends of Drive belts - 2012-13 vs 2007-08
Imports Exports
34.5 40 36
34
34 30
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
33.5 19
33 20
33
10
32.5
32 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Imports Exports
533
Cigarette filter rods
Cigarette filter reduces harshness of tobacco smoke by reducing the amount of tar, smoke and other
fine particles during combustion of the tobacco portion. The filter is primarily made-up of cellulose
acetate fibres known as tow. The fibres are bonded together with a hardening agent, tri-acetin
plasticizer, which helps the filter to keep its shape. The filter is wrapped in paper and sealed with a line
of adhesive.

The total size of the filter cigarette industry in India is around 121 billion cigarettes. ITC Limited has a
near monopoly with around 90.71% value market share followed by Godfrey Philips and Vazir Sultan
Tobacco (VST) at 6.89% and 2.14% respectively.

The domestic consumption of cigarette filter rods is estimated to be at 18,485 Million rods worth Rs
393.82 Crore growing at a CAGR of 21%. The exports at 1391 million rods and Rs. 29.20 Crore peg the
market size for cigarette filter rods at 19,876 million filter rods and Rs. 423.02 Crore.
Exhibit 350: Market size estimate of cigarette filter rods
2012-13
Quantity of domestic consumption of cigarette filter rods (in million numbers) 18,485
Value domestic consumption of cigarette filter rods (in Rs. Crore) 393.82
Exports (in million numbers) 1,391
Exports (in Rs Crore) 29.20
Market size of cigarette filter rods (in million numbers) 19,876
Market size of cigarette filter rods (in Rs Crore) 423.02

A sluggish growth in the cigarette market can be attributed to the discriminatory and punitive taxation
coupled with a growing incidence of smuggling and illegal manufacture. These are the biggest challenges
confronted by the domestic cigarette industry. Smoking in public places was prohibited nationwide from
2 October 2008. These challenges were further compounded during the year by the steep increase of
excise duty on cigarettes which has been increased to 72% on cigarettes of length not exceeding 65 mm
and to 11-21% for cigarettes of other lengths in the Annual budget for FYE15. The domestic
534
consumption is thus, expected to grow at only 7% in the immediate future. However, exports shall lead
the growth maintaining the 30% growth observed in the past.

The import export scenario for cigarette filter rods has been captured in the following exhibit.
Exhibit 351: Export Import trends of cigarette filter rods
Applicable HS code HS codes 2012-13
family
Imports
5601 56012110, 56012190, Rs. 1.81 Crore
56012200, 56012900
Exports
5601 56012110, 56012190, Rs. 29.20 Crore
56012200, 56012900
Exports for the product have grown over the years from Rs. 7 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 29.20 Cores in
2012-13 registering a CAGR of 33%. Key export destinations include UAE, Tartu, Indonesia, Iran and
Cambodia.
Exhibit 352: export trends for cigarette filter rods
Exports
40
29
30
in Rs. crore
20
10 7
0
2007-08 2012-13
Exports
535
Decatising cloth
Decatising cloth, also known as Decatising wrapper is an industrial fabric used in Decatising machines.
The fabric is an integral part of both Open Decatising and Kier Decatising machines that are majorly used
for mechanical finishing of woven fabrics.
Decatising cloth is a polyamide/cotton or polyester/cotton blended woven fabric available in weights

ranging from 400 gsm to 600 gsm.

The domestic consumption for decatising cloth is estimated to be 1.8 Million metres and Rs. 41.10 Crore
growing at CAGR of 6.50% from the 2007-08 consumption of Rs 30.0 Crore. The exports for decatising
cloth are negligible and thus, we have the market size to be the same as the domestic consumption.
Exhibit 353: Market size estimate of decatising cloth
2012-13
Quantity of decatising cloth (in Mn metres) 1.80

Decatising cloth is mainly consumed by shirting and suiting pieces, with suiting bringing in the higher
share of value. Thus, the growth of this segment is tied with the growth of suiting market in India which
is luke warm given the tropical climate of the country. The domestic consumption and exports are both
expected to grow only at 5% in the near future.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of decatising Cloth include:
 Hrishikesh Textiles
 Noor Textiles, Panipat
 Marino Textile
 Bombay Dyeing
536

The import scenario of decatising fabric has been tabulated below in Exhibit 354. Exports of the fabric
are negligible.
Exhibit 354: Import trends for decatising cloth
family
Imports
5911 59111000, 59113290, Rs. 5.85 Crore
59119090
Machinery details
Sulzer machines are used to manufacture decatising cloth.
Quality Standards
The parameters tested for decatising wrapper along with the test method are mentioned in the table
below:
Exhibit 355: Parameters tested for decatising wrapper
Parameter Test Method
Air Permeability IS 11056:1984
Strength IS 1969-1985, ASTM D 5035-95
GSM IS 1964-2001, ASTM D 3776-96
EPI/PPI IS 1963-1981, ASTM D 3775-03
537
Bolting Cloth
Bolting cloth is a mesh fabric used primarily for screen printing in Textile industry. The fabric also has
applications in filtration in pharmaecutical industries and in filtering oil.
Bolting cloth is a woven fabric manufactured from polyester and nylon yarns and is available in a variety
of mesh sizes.

Based on discussions with the industry experts, the domestic consumption for bolting cloth is estimated
at Rs 30 Crore and 734 thousand square metres. Export of Rs. 1.54 Crore and 38,000 sqm sets the
market size for decatising cloth at Rs. 31.54 Crore and 772,000 sqm that is only marginally higher than
the consumption in 2007-08. It has grown at a CAGR of 4% from 2007-08.
Exhibit 356: Market size estimate of bolting cloth
2012-13
Quantity of bolting cloth (in ‘000 sqm metres) 772

Bolting cloth is majorly used for screen printing in textile processing industry. The advent of new printing
technology in India has reduced the use of screen printing, thus, impacting the demand for this fabric
negatively. The domestic consumption on a low base is expected to grow at 10% with exports only
slowing down further to a 2% growth.
Key Manufacturers
The manufacturers of bolting Cloth are:
 Bombay Bolting Centre, Mumbai
 Surat Bolting, Surat
 Khanna Bolting, Surat
 Mithil Corporation, Mumbai
 Biyani Industrial Textile (P) Limited, Indore
538
 Deekay Nylobolt Industries Pvt. Ltd., Pune

 Tejas Fabrics, Surat
 Sur Syntex Pvt. Ltd., Surat
In addition, many filter manufacturing units in Surat also manufacture bolting cloth.

The import export scenario of bolting cloth is captured in Exhibit 357 below.
Exhibit 357: Export Import trends of bolting cloth
family
Imports
5911 59112000, 59119090 Rs. 17.67 Crore
Exports
5911 59112000, 59119090 Rs. 1.54 Crore
Bolting Cloth for fine suiting is imported from Switzerland, China, Germany, Malaysia and Japan.
539
Absorbent Glass Mat Battery separators
Battery separator is a porous sheet placed between the positive and negative electrodes in a liquid
electrolyte, a gel electrolyte or a molten salt battery. Its function is to prevent physical contact of the
positive and negative electrodes while serving as an electrolyte reservoir to enable free ionic transport.
According to the structure, the separator can be divided as micro porous and non-woven.
An ideal battery separator should have the properties of high porosity, small mean pore diameter,
oxidation resistance, puncture resistance, thermal dimensional stability and freedom from harmful
chemical contaminants, favourable voltage characteristics, retardation of antimony transfer,
electrochemical compatibility and prevention of dendrite growth.
The battery separators are made of PVC, PE and non-woven glass mats (Absorbent glass mats or AGM).
The glass mats are known as AGM (Absorbable Glass Mat). The battery separator market is dominated
by PVC although there is a gradual migration to PE separators. In India, the storage battery industry is
slowly shifting from PVC separators to Polyethylene separators. Glass mat with PVC or polyethylene is
mostly used in all industrial batteries and in a few cases in automobile batteries depending on the
function, customer requirement and price.

The market size for absorbent glass mats battery separators is estimated to be Rs 375.32 Crore. The
domestic consumption of 68.41 Million sqm accounts for Rs. 375 Crore of it. Exports are insignificant.
Exhibit 358: Market size estimate of AGM for battery separators
2012-13
Quantity of domestic consumption of absorbent glass mats for battery 68.41 Million sqm
separators (in Mn sqm )
Value of domestic consumption of absorbent glass mats for battery Rs. 375.18 Crore
separators (in Rs. Crore)
Exports of absorbent glass mats for battery separators (in Rs. Crore) Rs. 0.14 Crore
Value of market size of absorbent glass mats for battery separators (in Rs. 375.32 Crore
Rs. Crore)
540

The growth can be largely attributed to the relative spurt in the automotive sector from the base of
2007-08. Drawing on it, the domestic consumption for the product segment is expected to grow at 20%
in the near term considering the growth in automotive segment as well as growing demand of UPS from
households.
Key Manufacturers
The major manufacturer of battery separators is Raman FibreScience Private limited, which was recently
acquired by US-based Hollingsworth & Vose Company (H&V) .However significant part of domestic
consumption, is being catered through imports.

The export and import scenario of absorbent glass mats used in battery separators is captured in the
Exhibit 359. The product is mostly imported Key countries from where we import AGM for battery
separators are China, Thailand, U.S.A, France and United Kingdom.
Exhibit 359: Export Import trends for absorbent glass mats for battery separators
Exports
7019, 8507, 8546 70191900, 70193100, 70193200, 70195900, Rs. 0.13
70199010, 70199090, 85079010, 85079090, Crore
85469090
Imports
7019, 8507, 8546 70191900, 70193100, 70193200, 70195900, Rs. 325.32
70199010, 70199090, 85079010, 85079090, Crore
85469090
541
Coated Abrasives
An abrasive material is used to finish a work piece through rubbing the surface of the work piece.
Abrasives are primarily used in industrial applications like grinding, polishing, buffing, honing, cutting,
smoothening etc. The coated abrasives are classified into two broad categories: Woven coated abrasives
and Non-woven coated abrasives.
The base fabric used is cotton, polyester and polyester blends, processed to obtain a suitable coated
abrasives backing. These backings have special characteristics as weight, tensile strength and flexibility.
The type of backing cloth used is Jeans cloth called “J” weight cloth, Drills cloth called “X” weight cloth
and Sateen called “S” weight cloth. Jeans cloth is lighter and more flexible, while Drills cloth is stronger
and used in the manufacturing of coated abrasives to work under medium and heavy duty pressures.
There are two sides of the drill cloth which are different from each other. One side bears a net of fine
lining if seen carefully and this side is called drilled side of the cloth. Drill side is filled with fillers. The
other side of the cloth is called the coating side.
"J" weight cloth typically has a weight of about 130-195 GSM."X" weight cloth typically has a weight of
about 200-245 GSM and "Y" weight cloth typically has a weight of about 270-330 GSM.
The non-woven coated abrasives are made from abrasive grade fibres and made available for usage in
various sizes and forms.

The market size of coated abrasives is estimated to be about Rs. 759 Crore with Rs. 750 Crore of this
being accounted by domestic consumption.
The abrasives market is estimated to be at. Rs. 2,500 Crore in 2012-1313. CUMI and Grindwell Norton
contribute to about 70% of the market together. 60% of the abrasives market is coated abrasives.
Exhibit 360: Market sizing of coated abrasives
2012-13
Domestic consumption of coated abrasives (in MT) 54,224
Value of domestic consumption (in Rs. Crore) 750.00
13 Source: Industry report
542
2012-13
Exports of coated abrasives (in MT) 278
Value of exports of coated abrasives (in Rs. Crore) 8.56
Market size of coated abrasive cloth (in MT) 54,502
Market size of coated abrasive cloth (in Rs. Crore) 758.56
Source: Industry Survey, IMaCS Analysis

The Abrasives business caters to a number of industries such as Steel, Automobiles, Auto components,
General Metal Fabrication and Woodworking. The Abrasives Market is clearly evolving from two major
players to multi-players. With growing demand and capacities to meet and augment it, the domestic
consumption of coated abrasives in the country is expected to grow by 20% Y-o-Y.
Key Manufacturers
The key manufactures of coated abrasives are Carborundum Universal, Grindwell Norton and Wendt
India with their sales revenue from abrasives tabulated below.
Exhibit 361: Major players in coated abrasives and their revenue from abrasive products
Company Name Revenue (in Crore of INR)
Carborundum Universal (CUMI) 802.29
Grindwell Norton 653.90
Wendt India 661.31
Source: Capitaline, Annual reports

The import export scenario for coated abrasives has been captured in the following exhibit.
Exhibit 362: Import Export trends of coated abrasives
family
Imports
5903, 6805 59031090, 59039090, Rs. 47.77 Crore
68051010, 68051090
Exports
5903, 6805 59031090, 59039090, Rs. 8.56 Crore
68051010, 68051090
543
Imports of coated abrasives in the past five years as show in the exhibit below whereas the exports have
dipped marginally on a low base. Key countries that we import coated abrasives from are China,
Republic of Korea, Germany, Mexico and Japan.
Exhibit 363: Import trend for coated abrasives 2012-13 vs 2008-09
Imports
60
48
50
in Rs. crore
40
30
20 13
10
0
2008-09 2012-13
Imports
Machinery details
The backing cloth is made from polyester, rayon and cotton fibres. The fabrics are generally woven at 90
degrees to each other; another method of manufacturing backing cloth is stitching together an overlay
of fibre placed 90 degrees to each other. The key machinery used for manufacture of backing cloth is
rapier looms.
544
Ropes and cordages
Synthetic ropes and cordages are substitutes to traditional ropes and cordages made from jute and
cotton. The synthetic ropes and cordages are primarily made from polypropylene and polyethylene. The
3-Strand and 4-Strand ropes required for fisheries, electricity boards, defence, ports and shipbuilding
yards, stevedoring companies, steel pipe industries, sugar factories, engineering and oil exploration. The
company also makes 8-Strand ropes that are ideal for marine applications like mooring lines, towing
lines, messenger lines and on-board oil rigs. These products are manufactured to desired specifications.
The ropes are generally available in 3-strand, 4-strand and 8-strand with standard lengths of length 110,
220, 330 and 440 metres and other customer specifications. The diameter of the ropes varies from ½
inch to 7 inches. The functional specifications of ropes are
 Excellent strength
 Controlled elongation
 Abrasion resistance
 Heat resistance
 Non-corrosive
 Light weight
 High flexibility
 Inert to chemicals
The ropes are made from polypropylene and HDPE polymer fibres.

The market size of ropes and cordages is estimated to be at Rs. 1,717 Crore. The domestic consumption
of ropes and cordages stands at Rs.1,008 Crore and 97,103 MT growing at a CAGR of about 9%.
Exhibit 364: Market Sizing estimated of ropes and cordages
2012-13
Quantity of domestic consumption of ropes and cordage (in MT ) 97,104
Value of domestic consumption of ropes and cordage (in Rs. Crore) 1,008
Exports of domestic consumption of ropes and cordage (in Rs. Crore) 709
545
2012-13
Market sizing of domestic consumption of ropes and cordage (in Rs. Crore) 1,717

Cordages industry is mainly driven by the infrastructure sectors growth and momentum. One of the key
levers for demand for cordages is the logistics and freight sector, which in turn again heavily depends on
infrastructure and industrial growth. With heavy infrastructure spending being shown in the pipeline,
the domestic consumption of ropes and cordages is expected to easily grow at a 12% in the near three
to five year horizon. Exports are expected to maintain its growth momentum at 20% every year.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of synthetic ropes and cordages are:
 Axiom cordages which is an export oriented unit
 Tufropes Pvt. Ltd.

The import export trends in the cordages segment has been captured in Exhibit 365.
Exhibit 365: Import Export trends of ropes and cordages
family
Imports
5607, 5608 56074900, 56075040, Rs. 70.55 Crore
56079090, 56089090
Exports
5607, 5608 56074900, 56075040, Rs. 709 Crore
56079090, 56089090
Exports have shown good growth in the past five years. The trend for this has been captured in the
following exhibit.
546
Exhibit 366: Exports of cordage -2012-13vs2007-08 Exhibit 367: Imports of cordage - 2012-13vs2007-08
Exports Imports
800 709 200
165
600 150
in Rs. crore
in Rs. crore
400 100 71
200
200 50
0 0
2007-08 2012-13 2007-08 2012-13
Exports Imports
Key export destinations are Indonesia, Singapore, UAE, USA and Turkey. Key countries of import are
Nepal, China and Bangladesh.
Machinery details
The key machinery employed in manufacture of synthetic ropes is given below:
 Extrusion
o J P Industries
o Lohia Starlinger
o Kabra Machines
 Twisting and Winding
o LMW, Coimbatore
547
Composites (TT component – glass fabric)

Composites are produced by reinforcing a resin matrix (thermoplastic/thermoset) with fibres like glass
fibre, aramid, carbon fibre and/or natural fibres. Unlike conventional materials like steel, aluminium etc.
properties of the composite material can be designed for the required structural and functional aspects.
Properties of composites like stiffness, thermal expansion etc. can be varied continuously over a broad
range of values using appropriate fibre, resin and fabrication mechanism. The technical textile material
in the composites is the fibre glass, aramid and carbon fibre.
Composites are able to meet diverse design requirements despite being light-weight and have a high
strength-to-weight ratio as compared to conventional materials. Some advantages of composite
materials over conventional one are mentioned below
1. Tensile strength of composites is four to six times greater than that of conventional materials
like steel, aluminium etc.
2. Improved torsion stiffness and impact properties
3. Higher fatigue endurance limit (up to 60% of the ultimate tensile strength)
4. 30-45% lighter than aluminium structures designed for the same functional requirements
5. Lower embedded energy
6. Composites are less noisy while in operation and provide lower vibration transmission
The key material of choice for composites is Glass fabric. Fibre glass dominates the composites industry
as a preferred reinforcement fibre, with a share of around 85%-90%. Other reinforcement fibres like
carbon fibre and aramid fibre are sparingly used in India owing to its patented technology and high
costs.
Fibre glass is made of fine solid rods of glass each with thickness less than one twentieth the width of
human hair. Glass fibres are loosely packed together into a mass which can serve as heat insulators.
They are also used like wool or cotton fibres to make glass yarn, tape, cloth and mats. Fibre glass also
has applications in electrical insulation, chemical filtration and fire fighter suits. Combined with plastics,
fibreglass is used for airplane wings and bodies, automobile bodies, wind mill blades and boat hulls. In
this section, we assume that the key contributor to the market of composites is Glass fabric.
548

The domestic consumption of glass fabric for composites is pegged at 1,14,000 MT and Rs. 1220.57
Crore. India exports 14342 MT of glass fabric worth of Rs. 202 Crore. This brings the total market size of
glass fabric to Rs. 1423 Crore and 1,28,343 MT.
Exhibit 368: Market size estimate of glass fabric – composites
2012-13
Quantity of domestic consumption of glass fabric (in MT ) 114,000
Value of domestic consumption of glass fabric (in Rs. Crore) 1,221
Exports of glass fabric (in MT) 14,342
Exports of glass fabric (in Rs. Crore) 202
Market sizing of glass fabric (in MT) 128,342
Market sizing of glass fabric (in Rs. Crore) 1423

The market for fibre glass is driven by the application industries such as:
 Transportation
 Building and Construction
 Chemical/Corrosion
 Infrastructure
 Wind energy
 Electrical and electronics
Exhibit 369: Indian composites industry - distribution by application
Indian composites industry - Distribution by application

Defence/aeros
Others, 4% Transportation
pace, 5%
Telecom, 6% , 16%
Wind energy, Chemical/corr
12% osion, 15%
Infrastructure,
13%
Building an
Electrical/elect construction,
ronic, 14% 15%
*source: FRP Institute
549
Growth across these segments would push the market size for composites. An active focus on wind
energy as a large untapped potential and growing penetration of glass fabric in numerous applications is
expected to drive the domestic consumption by 15% year on year in the near future. Exports shall grow
at a more temperate rate of 6% with Government initiatives like Make in India paving way for capacities
and quality in due time.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of composites in India include:
 Owens Corning India
 UP Twiga Glass fibres
 Goa Glass fibre
 Sintex Industries ltd, Kalol
 Mahindra composite
 TATA Automotive Ltd
 L & T, Vadodara,
 Permali Wallace, Indore
 Mobility Solutions ltd. Chandigarh
 Agni fibre Board Pvt. Ltd, Vadodara,
 Kineco Private Limited
 Suzlon India Ltd.,
 Anearcon India DAMAN,
 Tata Advanced Materials

Most of import and export for composites occurs under the head of glass fabric and has been captured
in the exhibit below
Exhibit 370: Export import trends for glass fabric
Imports
7019 70191900, 70193200, 70199010, Rs. 498.56 Crore
70199090, 70195900, 70193100,
70191100, 70195100, 70195200
Exports
7019 70191900, 70193200, 70199010, Rs. 201.78 Crore
550
70199090, 70195900, 70193100,

70191100, 70195100, 70195200
For composites, we rely a lot on our trade links. 41% of our domestic consumption is catered by imports
and 14% of the market size contributed by exports. Exports have declined over time, and imports have
grown at a 7% CAGR. This points to an indigenous capacity enhancement as the market has grown
sizeably. The export trend has been capture in the following exhibit. Key countries from where we
import are Malayasia, U.S.A, China, U.K., Germany and Belgium. Key export destinations are Germany,
U.S.A, U.A.E, and Brazil and Belgium.
Exhibit 371: Import trend for composites - 2012-13 vs, 2007-08
Imports
600 499
500
in Rs. crore
400 351
300
200
100
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
551
Composites
Composites used in automobiles are a very wide variety of products. Composites such as glass wool, and
carbon are used in auto motives. This is however, very specific to the mode of transport considered, i.e.
composites used in conventional automobiles, railways, shipping industry and aviation differ from each
other significantly.
Composites used in auto motives are used mainly for two attributes – high strength and light weight.
Both these attributes are mostly contributed by aramid and carbon fibres and find heavy application in
the shipping and aviation industry. Other than these, glass fibres used in the automotive sector are used
in railways and in luxury buses.
Shipping and aviation industry

Shipping and aviation industries use carbon and aramid composites. None of these are manufactured in
India as of now. Aramid composites because of their quality of impact resistance find applications in
armoured vehicles and Navy boats. Carbon composites find application in commercial aviation industry
and to a limited extent in the civil application for re-strengthening a structure.
Automobiles
In road automobiles, glass fibres are the only composites used. These too are utilized mainly in high end
luxury buses and not commercial vehicles. This is due to high cost of glass wool involved. In luxury buses,
these are used mainly in the front, rear, engine covers, dashboards, battery boxes and air conditioning
covers.
Railway coaches
In railway coaches, glass fibres is the only technical textile composite used so far. This is used in the
lining of coaches. Delhi Metro has been the only locomotive operation that has used composites other
than these.
552
The consumption of composites by luxury buses and railway coaches has been summarized as below:
Exhibit 372: Market size estimate glass fabric
2012-13
Domestic consumption of glass fabric in luxury buses(in MT) 240
Value of Domestic consumption of glass fabric in luxury buses (in Crore) 2.88
Domestic consumption of glass fabric in railway coaches (in MT) 505.44
Value of Domestic consumption of glass fabric in railway coaches (in Crore) 4.55
553
Printed Circuit Boards
The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a mechanical device used to electrically connect and hold electronic
components. The technical textile used in the manufacture of printed circuit board is the woven glass
fibre fabric which is used as reinforcement along with the epoxy resin. The glass fibre impregnated resin
called ‘prepregs’ is used to bind the copper foils to give copper laminated boards, called laminates.
These laminates are further cut into various sizes based on the requirement.
The glass fabric used affects the performance of final electronic circuitry built on the PCB. The “fibre
weave effect” or FWE is one of the central issues associated with the influence of the glass
reinforcement fibre on the electrical performance of the PCB.
The glass fabric used for PCB is generally Style 1080 however there are various styles specified by IPC.
The standard construction of this style of fabric involves 60 yarns per inch in the warp or machine
direction and 47 yearns per inch in the weft or cross-machine direction. The thickness of the fabric is
typically, 2.1mil (0.053mm).
The desired properties of the glass fabric required for PCB applications are as follows:
1. Dimensional stability
2. Surface smoothness
3. Ability to withstand laser and mechanical drilling
4. Superior conductive anodic filament (CAF) resistance
5. Uniform dielectric constant (generally in range of 6.6-6.9)
6. Lower dissipation factor (0.006)
7. Reduced signal skew and improved signal integrity

The printed circuit board industry in India is yet to catch up with the rest of the World. India’s share of
production of the world PCB market is at a miniscule 0.3% - 0.5%. The PCB industry in India stands at a
revenue of Rs. 57.12 Crore and thus, is still a nascent industry given the export import trends outlined in
the following section.
The technical textile component of Printed circuit board industry in India is estimated to be about Rs.
28.89 Crore at 32.10 Million sqm. As per our interaction with industry association IPCA, a major chunk of
554
this demand is catered to by imports. The technical textile component of printed circuit board comprises
a very small fraction (0.2%) of its value.
Exhibit 373: Market size of PCB - TT component
2012-13
Market sizing of Technical textile component used in PCBs (in Mn sqm) 32.10
Market sizing of Technical textile component used in PCBs (in Rs. Crore) 28.89

The key driver for technical textile used in PCBs is directly the printed circuit board consumption of
India. This in turn is closely tied with the PCBs used in consumer durable equipments and electronic
industry. So, we can expect the market to grow at a healthy rate of 17%, however whether the demand
is taken up by imports or domestic production of technical textile remains to be seen.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturer in the country for glass fibres to be used in PCB is AT &S Limited.

The export import trend of the printed circuit board industry is captured in Exhibit 374.
Exhibit 374: Import export trends of Printed Circuit Boards
family
Imports
8534 85340000 Rs. 29 crore
Exports
8534 85340000 -
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources, DGFT, DGCIS and input from industry
Key countries from where we import PCBs are China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Republic of Korea and Japan.
Key export destinations for our relatively smaller export of PCBs are Austria, U.S.A., Germany, Singapore
and U.K.
Machinery details
The raw material used for glass fibre fabric is monofilament glass fibres. The filaments are further
processed to produce yarn which is used for weaving the reinforcement fabric.
555
The key machinery used for weaving glass fibre fabric is air-jet weaving machine the major producers of
these air jet machines are as given below:
1. Sulzer Textil, Switzerland
2. SMIT SpA, Italy
3. Lindauer Dornier GmbH, Germany
4. Picanol, Belgium
Quality Standards
The standards for manufacturing glass reinforcement fabric are set forth by IPC. The standard followed
for manufacturing glass fibre fabric is IPC-4412.
556
Filtration products
Filtration products are broadly classified based on the key application area. The broad classification
based on applications is given below:-
 Industrial filters - Industrial filters include vacuum filters, pressure filters, and dust collection
equipment like bag filters. Industrial filters are further classified into Dry and wet filters on the
basis of their applications. Dry filters are consumed by industries like Cement, Steel and Energy
plants ( chiefly waste to energy plants). Wet filters are employed more in the Pharmaceutical
and Chemical industries.
 Automotive filters - Automotive filters are primarily of three types - Oil filter, Air filter and Fuel
filter. The filters clean the oil, air and fuel by blocking dirt and other unwanted particles from
entering the vehicle system. The technical textile used in the filters is cellulose and polyester
non-woven filter paper.
The filtration products can be classified into two major categories.

 Liquid solid separation
 Air-solid separation.
The filter media used for Air-solid separation is primarily non woven fabric whereas Liquid solid
separation involves woven filter media.
Exhibit 375: Filter media fabric properties
Woven Filter Media
TENSILE STRENGTH (KGS.) AIR PERMEABILITY

WEIGHT /
Fabric type SQ. MTR. WARP WEFT (CU.FT/SEC)
Polypropylene spun
fabric 280 - 650 200 - 426 140 - 350 0.97 - 0.20
Polypropylene
Multi filament fabric 275 – 450 295 - 500 145 - 400 0.5 - 0.13
Polyester spun fabric 360 – 670 325 - 600 250 - 308 0.20 - 0.109
Nylon filament fabric 330 – 450 310 - 548 275 - 414 0.60 - 0.23
Cotton fabric 400 – 830 135 - 320 110 - 225 0.30 - 0.08
557
The different properties of non woven filter media are captured as under:
Exhibit 376: Non woven filter media properties
Breaking* Bursting Max. Air
Non Woven Weight Thickness Strength Strength Temp. Perme-
Filter Media (GSM) (Mm) (Kgf) (Kg/Cm²) (Cº) ability
Polyester & 300 – 160 -
Polyester 550 1.7 - 2.3 30 - 70 15 - 30 150 750
Polypropylene
& 400 – 100 -
Polypropylene 700 1.8 - 3.0 70 - 150 30 - 40 90 200
Polyester -
Acrylic &
Polyester 500 202 70 30 120 200
Polyester -
Viscose 220 1.8 16 4 130 550
**-
Product characteristics of industrial filters
Filter bags employed for very consumer industry, depend on the size of the particulate emission. There
are well established norms for cement and steel plants that they must adhere to. The cement industry in
general prescribes a 50 gsm bag.
Product characteristics of automotive filters

The characteristics of the filter are based on the specification of the original equipment manufacturers:
permeability, corrugation depth, bursting strength, pore size, volatile content, resin content and width
and height. All the three filters are required for proper functioning of internal combustion engine. The
technical textile used in the filters is polyester and cellulose non-woven fabric of around 120-150 GSM.

The domestic consumption of filters is estimated to be 5.87 million sqm and Rs. 411.22 Crore.. Exports
of filters stand at 0.02 million sqm and Rs. 2.29 Crore, pegging the market size of filters at 5.89 Mn sqm
and Rs. 413.51 Crore.
558
Exhibit 377: Market size estimate of filtration

2012-13
Domestic consumption of filters (in Mn sqm) 5.87
Value of domestic consumption of automotive filters (in Rs. Crore) 411.22
Exports of filter (in Mn sqm) 0.02
Exports of filter (in Rs Crore) 2.29
Market size of filters (in Mn sqm) 5.89
Market size of filters (in Rs Crore) 413.51

Taking into account that industrial filters constitute a significant chunk of the filtration media market, it
is growth in the end user industries such as Cement, Steel and Environmental that will drive the growth
of this segment. The primary growth driver for automobile filters is the automotive industry (including
the replacement market).
For industrial filters, each industry has its set pattern of consumption although one similarity is retained
across categories. Each industry has an initial plant set up requirement and replacement requirement of
filters once in operation. Thus, the consumption of filters is directly driven by the capacity utilization of
existing plants and new capacity addition across the industries of cement, steel and power. These
industries, in turn, are closely intertwined with the macroeconomic health of the country. Thus, with a
boost in industrial growth and infrastructure development, the industry can only grow. Taking cue from
the current upbeat investment climate, the domestic consumption of the product is expected to grow at
15% in the immediate horizon.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of filtration media include:
 Khosla Profil Pvt. Ltd.
 Masturlal Chemfab
 Industrial filters ltd.
 Supreme Industries Ltd.
 SVM Nonwovens
 BWF India
559

The import export scenario for filtration is captured in below. Given the magnitude of the product
segment, imports and exports are a small share of the market.
Exhibit 378: Import export trends of filtration
Imports
5603, 5911, 8421 56031300, 56031400, 59111000, Rs. 6.48 Crore
59112000, 59113190, 59119090,
84219900
Exports
5603, 5911, 8421 56031300, 56031400, 59111000, Rs. 2.29 Crore
59112000, 59113190, 59119090,
84219900
Key countries from where India imports are China, Germany, Finland, Denmark and U.S.A.
Key machinery used

The machinery used for processing paper into filter paper is given below:
1. Filter paper impregnation machine
2. Pleating machine – Blade/Rotary type
3. Perforation machine
4. Curing machine
560
Computer printer ribbon
The computer printer cartridge of a Dot matrix printer (DMP) consists of a cassette and inked fabric
called the printer ribbon. The cartridge is replaced when no further prints can be availed, however in
order to save on costs only the ribbon portion is changed which is called the refill.
The Nylon 6 yarn is woven into a fabric which is cut to required size for making computer printer
ribbons. The properties essential for this fabric is
1. High tensile strength
2. Good absorption capacity and capillary action
3. Smudge resistance
4. Scratch resistance
5. Good heat resistance
These properties enable the ribbon to carry the ink and undergo stress during printing. The fabric is
prepared from nylon yarn. It is then cut into required dimensions, soaked in ink which is of the
consistency of wax or crayon, and packed in rolls.

The market size for computer printer ribbons is estimated to be at Rs. 286.24 Crore. The domestic
consumption of printer ribbons is estimated to be 1,424.62 Million metres worth Rs. 284.92 Crore. The
exports contribute a minor Rs. 1.32 Crore to the market size.
Exhibit 379: Market Sizing of printer ribbons
2012-13
Domestic consumption of computer printer ribbons (in Million metres) 1,424.62
Value of Domestic consumption of computer printer ribbons (in Rs. Crore) 284.92
Volume of export of computer printer ribbons (in Million metres) 6.61
Value of export of computer printer ribbons (in Rs. Crore) 1.32
Market size of computer printer ribbons (in Million metres) 1431.23
Market size of computer printer ribbons (in Rs. Crore) 286.24
561

The industry for computer printer ribbons in only further expected to decline because of rise and rapid
adoption of laser and ink jet printers. Essentially, the sales of computer printer ribbons are driven by
only institutional sales where the printers are expected to sustain very heavy frequencies of printing and
life like railways and banks. Thus, a slow but steady growth of 2% in the domestic consumption of
computer printer ribbons is expected in the near future.

The import export scenario for computer printer ribbons is outlined in the following Exhibit 380The
imports constitute a bulk of the consumption.
Exhibit 380: Import Export trends of computer printer ribbons
family
Imports
5806, 9612 58063110, 58063200, Rs. 66.48 Crore
96121010
Exports
5806, 9612 58063110, 58063200, Rs. 1.32 Crore
96121010
Imports have grown in the past five years at a CAGR of 32% as depicted in the figure below. Key
countries from where India imports printer ribbons are Singapore, Japan, China, Mexico and Vietnam.
Exhibit 381: Trend of imports for computer ribbons - 2012-13 over 2007-08
Imports
80
66
60
in Rs. crore
40
17
20
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
562
Paper making fabrics
Paper machine clothing consists of large continuous belts of custom designed and custom
manufactured, engineered fabrics that are installed on paper machines and carry the paper stock
through each stage of the paper production process – pulp created and pressed to a mesh, dewatered,
heated, and dried by paper-making machines to make paper web. The types of fabrics are as follows:
 Forming fabric - single-layer and double layer fabrics, two-and-half layer designs.
 Press fabrics - comprising single-base and multi base fabrics.
 Dryer fabrics - which consist of woven mesh dryers fabrics, needled woven mesh dryers, spiral
link dryer fabrics, and needled spiral link dryer fabrics.
The demand for these fabrics is primarily driven by paper mills. With the advent of technology synthetic
material is being used to replace wire fabrics.
The paper making fabrics are made from polyester and polyamide wires which are woven to produce
the fabric. Paper making fabric should have the following functionalities:
1. Dewatering ability or good drain ability
2. Transferability of wet paper web - transfer wet paper web safely to the next position by
adhering the wet paper web to the felt.
3. Run-ability - avoid undesirable conditions as snaking, deviation, vibration and wrinkling.
4. Wear resistance and resistance to hair shedding
5. Compaction resistance
6. Paper surface smoothness - avoid any felt or roll markings.
7. Uniformity
8. Sustain high speeds of movement on paper making machine
These vary according to the grades of paper, types of paper-making machines and the positions where
the felts are used. In short, each position of the paper-making machine requires different felts.
563

The market size of paper insulation felts is estimated to be Rs 213.95 Crore and 1255.51 MT. Domestic
consumption of paper making fabrics is estimated to be Rs. 206.56 Crore and exports add another Rs.
7.39 Crore to the market size.
Exhibit 382: Market Sizing of paper making fabrics
2012-13
Domestic consumption of paper making fabric Value (in MT) 1212.16
Domestic consumption of paper making fabric Value (in Rs. Crore) 206.56
Exports of paper making fabric Value (in MT) 43.35
Exports of paper making fabric Value (in Rs. Crore) 7.39
Market size of paper making fabric Value (in MT) 1255.51
Market size of paper making fabric Value (in Rs. Crore) 213.95

The key growth driver for this segment is the paper industry which is pegged to be growing at a rate
greater than the GDP rate of the country. The domestic consumption of paper making fabric is expected
to grow at 15% in the near future with exports growing at 20% further bolstering growth of the market
size.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers in the segment are:
 Voith paper fabrics ltd.
 Wire and fabriks SA Ltd.

The import export scenario of paper making fabric felts is tabulated in Exhibit 383.
Exhibit 383: Import Export trends of paper making fabrics
family
Imports
5911 59111000, 59113190, Rs. 67.33 Crore
59113210, 59113250,
59113290, 59119010, 59119090
564
Exports
5911 59111000, 59113190, Rs. 7.39 Crore
59113210, 59113250,
59113290, 59119010, 59119090
Imports of paper making fabrics have grown rapidly in the past five years as depicted in the Exhibit
below. Exports have largely remained at the same levels. Key countries from where India imports paper
fabrics are China, Republic of Korea, Switzerland, Germany and Malaysia.
Exhibit 384: Import trend for paper making fabric 2012-13 vs 2007-08
Imports
80 67
in Rs. crore
60
40
15
20
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
Machinery details
The key machinery used for paper making fabrics is as given below:
 Warp penetration machines
 Weaving machine
 Finishing and head setting machine
565
Industrial webbings and slings
Industrial webbings and slings are used in lifting heavy equipment. These find applications in logistics,
construction and freight handling. These are critical components in the industries as product failure can
lead to loss of life also, especially in weight lifting applications.
Slings are made out of high tenacity polyester and are thus 100% technical textile.

The market size of industrial slings and webbings is estimated at Rs. 296.23 Crore. Domestic
consumption of slings and webbings is estimated to be Rs. 288.11 Crore and 8798.00 MT. Exports for
industrial webbings and slings contribute Rs. 8.13 Crore and 325.03 MT to the market size.
Exhibit 385: Market size estimate - slings & webbings
2012-13
Domestic consumption of slings and webbings (in MT) 8798.00
Value of Domestic consumption of slings and webbings (in Crore) 288.11
Exports of slings and webbings (in MT) 325.03
Exports of slings and webbings (in Rs Crore) 8.13
Market size of slings and webbings (in MT) 9123.03
Market size of slings and webbings (in Rs Crore) 296.23

The key driving segment for this product is the logistics, freight and infrastructure sector. More the
constructions and heavier movement/installation of heavy machinery/equipment more would be the
demand of these products. Thus, a tempered growth estimate of this product can be assumed to be 10%
although the infrastructure sector that drives this product is expected to grow at faster rate in the
coming short term horizon.
Key Manufacturers
 Greenfield
 Ferreterro
 Protherm
566

The import export scenario for slings and webbings has been captured in the exhibit below. Imports are
greater than exports and most of these happen from China, Sri Lanka, Hongkong and Korea. Key export
destinations are Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Italy.
Exhibit 386: Import and Export trends of TT component webbings and slings
family
Imports
5806,5911 58062000, 58063200, 59111000 Rs. 194.23 crore
Exports
5806,5911 58062000, 58063200, 59111000 Rs. 8.13 crore
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources, DGFT,
567
Others
Under this head we have covered two new product segments that were suggested by the PIC but have
very small market sizes at the moment. They have been, thus, clubbed together under “Others”. The
two product segments included here are acoustic textiles used in cell phones and technical textiles used
in hoses and pipes. The corresponding market sizing has been explained in the following sections.
Acoustic textiles used in Cell phones

Acoustic textiles used in Cell phones are a very niche class of technical textiles that merit a mention
because of their fast moving nature though volume and value wise this is a very small number.
These membranes are hydrophobic and are designed to have longevity against weather.

The market size of acoustic textiles used in cell phones is estimated at Rs. 1.93 Crore. Imports make up
0.66 Crore of this market with heavy imports being sourced from Switzerland and China.
Exhibit 387: Market size estimate for acoustic textile for cell phones
2012-13
Market size of acoustic textiles used in cell phones (in Rs Crore) 1.93
Market size of acoustic textiles used in cell phones (in sqm) 25,284.00

The key driver for this product is the mobile phone sales and consumption which is on an upward
trajectory. The consumption moves in tandem with cell phone sales and is expected to grow at 12% in
keeping with the trend of growing sales of mobile phones in India.
Key Manufacturers
 Sefar
 Saati
 Nitto Denko Private Ltd.
568

The import scenario for slings and webbings has been captured in the exhibit below. Imports mostly
come from Switzerland and China in large measures. Export against this product class is negligible.
Exhibit 388: Import and Export trends
Imports
5911 59112000 Rs. 0.66 crore
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources, DGFT,
Industrial hoses (TT component)

A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are also
sometimes called pipes, or more generally tubing. Hoses are used for a transportation of a variety of
fluids ranging from normal water to high pressure fluids and corrosive ones, or even gases. A hose is
designed depending upon the nature of fluid that is to be transported. One of the components included
in designing hose is technical textile reinforcement.
A technical textile component is employed in a hose to withstand higher pressure, to alter permeability
or lend greater strength to the hose. The nature and amount of technical textile reinforcement used
again is dictated most y application and thus varies widely.
Product Characteristic
Technical textile reinforcement used in industrial hoses and pipes may be of rayon or high tenacity
polyester again depending on application and end usage conditions.

The market size of technical textiles used in industrial hoses and pipes is estimated to be at Rs. 6.68
Crore and 371.07 MT. The domestic consumption of TT reinforcement in industrial hoses and pipes
stands at Rs. 4.50 Crore and 250 MT.
Exhibit 389: Market Sizing estimated of ropes and cordages
2012-13
Quantity of domestic consumption of TT reinforcement in industrial hoses (in MT ) 250.00
Value of domestic consumption of TT reinforcement in industrial hoses (in Rs. Crore) 4.50
Exports of domestic consumption of TT reinforcement in industrial hoses (in MT ) 121.07
Exports of domestic consumption of TT reinforcement in industrial hoses (in Rs. Crore) 2.18
569
Market sizing of domestic consumption of TT reinforcement in industrial hoses (in MT ) 371.07

Market sizing of TT reinforcement in industrial hoses (in Rs. Crore) 6.68

The hoses industry is mainly driven by the infrastructure, chemical and fertilizer industry. A growth
momentum across these sectors would significantly drive the consumption of this product segment. A
growth of 8% in short term in line with the GDP guidance can be expected for this products segment.
Key Manufacturers
Key manufacturers of TT reinforcement in hoses are:
 Reliance Industries Ltd

The import export trends of the TT component used in hoses has been captured in Exhibit 390 below.
Exhibit 390: Import Export trends of TT component of hoses
family
Imports
4009 40093100 Rs. 1.66 Crore
Exports
4009 40093100 Rs. 2.18 Crore
*source: IMaCS analysis, industry sources, DGFT, DGCIS, Includes only TT component
570
13. Non- Woven
Introduction
Nonwoven fabrics are broadly defined as sheet or web structures bonded together by entangling fibre
or filaments (and by perforating films) mechanically, thermally or chemically. They are flat, porous
sheets made directly from separate fibres or from molten plastic or plastic film. They are not made by
weaving or knitting and do not require converting the fibres to yarn
Nonwovens are defined by ISO standard 9092 and CEN EN 29092. These two documents, identical in
their content, are the only internationally acknowledged definition of Nonwovens. As industry, trade
and technology have evolved since their publication in 1988; these standards are being updated by ISO
experts to better reflect what the present understanding of Nonwovens is. The following text has
recently been proposed to the International Standardization Organization by EDANA and INDA.
Wet-laid webs are nonwovens provided they contain a minimum of 50% of man-made fibres or other
fibres of non vegetable origin with a length to diameter ratio equals or superior to 300, or a minimum of
30% of man-made fibres with a length to diameter ratio equals or superior to 600, and a maximum
apparent density of 0.40 g/cm. Nonwoven fabrics are engineered fabrics that may be a limited life,
single-use fabric or a very durable fabric. Nonwoven fabrics have various functions such as stretch-
ability, flame resistance, wash-ability, strength, absorbency, liquid repellence, resilience, softness,
cushioning, filtering, bacterial barrier and sterility. These properties are often combined to create fabrics
suited for specific jobs.
Production process
The production of nonwovens takes place in three stages (Some stages may be overlapping or run
simultaneously). The three stages are:
 Web Formation
 Web Bonding
 Finishing Treatments
Web Formation
Nonwoven manufacture starts by the arrangement of fibres in a sheet or web. The fibres can be staple
fibres packed in bales, or filaments extruded from molten polymer granules.
Four basic methods are used to form a web are:
a. Dry-laid
571
b. Spun-melt
c. Wet-laid
d. Other techniques
 Dry-laid
There are two methods of dry-laying:
 Carding
 Air-laying
A carding machine is a rotating drum or series of drums covered in fine wires or teeth. Carding is a
mechanical process starting with the opening of fibre bales which are blended and conveyed to the next
stage by air transport. They are then combed into a web by a carding machine. The exact configuration
of cards depends on the fabric weight and fibre properties needed. The web can be parallel-laid, or can
be random-laid. Typical parallel-laid carded webs result in good tensile strength, low elongation and low
tear strength in the machine direction and the reverse in the cross direction. Relative speeds and web
composition can be varied to produce a wide range of fabrics with different properties.
In air-laying, usually short fibres are fed into an air stream. From there it goes on to a moving belt or
perforated drum, where they form a randomly oriented web. Air laid webs offer great versatility in
terms of the fibres and fibre blends that can be used. Compared with carded webs, air laid webs has
lower density, greater softness and the laminar structure is absent.
 Spun melt
Spun melt is a generic term describing the manufacturing of nonwoven webs directly from
thermoplastic polymers.
It consists of two processes:
 Spun laid
 Melt blown
In spun laid process (also known as spun bonded) polymer granules are melted and then the molten
polymer is extruded through spinnerets. Then the continuous filaments are cooled and deposited on to
a conveyor to form a uniform web. In the spun laid process, the raw material flexibility is more restricted
but it gives the nonwovens greater strength. Co-extrusion of second components is used in several spun-
laid processes, usually to provide extra properties or bonding capabilities.
In melt blown web formation, on leaving the spinneret, low viscosity polymers are extruded into a high
velocity airstream. This scatters the melt, solidifies it and breaks it up into a fibrous web.
 Wet-laid
572
The method of wet-laying is similar to paper manufacturing but with synthetic fibres. Dilute slurry of
water and fibres is deposited on a moving wire screen and drained to form a web. Then with the help of
pressing between rollers the web is dewatered, consolidated and then dried. Impregnation with binders
is often included in a later stage of the process.
 Other techniques
This includes a group of specialised technologies, in which the fibre production, web structure and
bonding usually occur at the same time and in the same place.
Flash spun webs are made by dissolving a polymer in a suitable solvent and then spraying it into a vessel
which is held at reduced pressure. The solvent evaporates (flashes off) creating a cloud of fibres, which
are collected and bonded. Other variants of web forming techniques include different methods of
fibrillation such as electrostatic spinning.
Processes are emerging where two or more web forming techniques are used simultaneously. For
example the spun-laid/melt blown process, in which one or more melt blown webs and spun laid webs
are combined.
Web Bonding
Webs, other than spun-laid, have little strength in their unbonded form. The web must therefore be
consolidated in some way. The choice of method is a vital decision determining the ultimate functional
properties.
There are three basic types of bonding:
a. Chemical
b. Thermal
c. Mechanical
a. Chemical bonding
Chemical bonding or adhesion bonding mainly refers to the application of a liquid based bonding agent
to the web. Three groups of materials are commonly used as binders:
 Acrylate polymers and copolymers
 Styrene-butadiene copolymers
 Vinyl acetate ethylene copolymers.
There are water based binder systems (most widely used), powdered adhesives, foam and in some cases
organic solvent solutions, which are used.
573
The binder can be applied uniformly by impregnating, coating or spraying or intermittently, like print
bonding. Print bonding is used when specific patterns are required and where it is necessary to have the
majority of fibres free of binder for functional reasons.
b. Thermal bonding (cohesion bonding)
This method is based on the thermoplastic properties of certain synthetic fibres to form bonds under
controlled heating. Here a low melt fibre or bi-component fibre is introduced at the web formation
stage to perform the binding function later in the process but the web fibre itself can be used.
There are several thermal bonding systems in use:
 Calendaring welds the fibre webs together using heat and high pressure applied through rollers
at speed.
 Through-air thermal bonding makes bulkier products by the overall bonding of a web containing
low melting fibres. This takes place in a carefully controlled hot air stream.
 Drum and blanket systems apply pressure and heat to make products of average bulk.
 When the molecules of the fibres held under a patterned roller are excited by high frequency
energy producing internal heating and softening of the fibres, sonic bonding takes place.
c. Mechanical bonding
In mechanical bonding the strengthening of the web is achieved by inter-fibre friction as a result of the
physical entanglement of the fibres.
There are three major types of mechanical bonding:
 Needle-punching
 hydro-entanglement
 stitch-bonding
Needle-punching is most commonly used. Specially designed needles are pushed and pulled through the
web to entangle the fibres. Webs of different characteristics can be needled together to produce a
gradation of properties.
Hydro-entanglement uses high pressure jets of water to cause the fibres to interlace. It is mainly applied
to carded or wet-laid webs. The water jet pressure used has a direct bearing on the strength of the web,
but system design also plays a part. Hydro-entanglement is sometimes known as spun-lacing.
Stitch-bonding is a third type of mechanical bonding. It can be done with or without the addition of a
thread. When no thread is added, the process is often referred to a loop formation.
574
Finishing Treatments
A variety of different chemical substances are employed before or after binding, or various mechanical
processes are applied to the nonwoven after binding for modifying or adding to existing properties.
Nonwovens can be made flame retardant, water repellent, conductive, porous, antistatic, breathable,
and absorbent and various other properties discussed before. They can also be coated, printed, dyed,
and can be combined with other materials to form complex laminates.
Based upon the industry where it is used different methods are selected from above which will be
applied. But mainly the following trends have been observed:
 Traditional textile industry uses Dry Form process
 The synthetic fibre industry uses the Spun-bond and Melt-blown methods
 The paper industry uses the wet process
Key Applications
Non woven fabric manufacturers usually manufacture the fabric in a roll form. It is then sent to various
other industries where it has end applications, where is it cut and given different form depending upon
the use. Non-woven technical textiles have diverse applications across various segments of technical
textiles like automotive, geo-textiles and health/hygienic sectors in various product categories like:
 Personal Care & Hygiene
 Healthcare
 Home Furnishings
 Leisure & Travel
 Clothing
 Automotive
 Construction
 Geo-textiles
 Industrial
 Agriculture and horticulture
Personal Care Products

Nonwovens due to their properties like softness, hygiene, ease of use and strength are ideal for personal
care. Modern disposable absorbent hygiene products (AHPs) have become very popular in today’s
world. Similarly disposable personal hygiene wet wipes products are also gaining importance. Here,
mostly needle-punched/thermal bonded or hydro-entangled nonwovens are used.
575
Main technologies used are Air-laid, Carded non-woven, Spun-melt Non woven of SMS and spun-bond.
Household
Nonwovens are used in a multitude of household applications ranging from cleaning and filtering to
adding an aesthetic touch to the home. The most commonly used nonwoven products in home are the
needle-punched carpets. Similarly thermal bonded nonwovens of PP find their application in the form of
blinds. They prove to be cost effective over the woven ones. Another popular application is also the wall
coverings used in various homes instead of the traditional wall paper. But these applications are not
found much in India.
Spun-bonded nonwovens are used as backing fabrics in the furniture. Nonwoven also has various other
furniture applications like up-holstered furniture. It is used in mattresses and quilts as well. Nonwoven
wadding is also used in pillows.
Main technologies used are Needle punched, spun-bond and wet-laid non woven.
Medical and Healthcare

Nonwovens are extensively used in the medical field and in protection against biological agents in other
sectors. New nonwoven materials with improved finishes including liquid repellent, virus proof and
bacterial barrier properties have also been developed for applications such as surgical masks, gowns and
drapes etc. For such applications, carded thermal bonds/ spun-bonds / hydro-entangled nonwoven
fabrics are used.
Main technologies used are Dry-laid in particular hydro-entangled and melt blown and spun-bond
technology.
Clothing, footwear & baggage
Nonwovens are being used for many decades in hidden, support functions, such as interlinings and
components of shoes and bags. Nonwovens due to their versatility and the ability to engineer many
different properties into them, such as shape-retention, adaptation to the characteristics of the out
fabric and lightness in weight have become very popular for use in interlinings. India is a large exporter
of garments hence there is huge application of nonwoven interlining found here. Another product is the
polyester nonwoven wadding which is used in winter clothing materials. It is also used in protective
clothing where there is high exposure to certain type of chemicals. In the footwear industry, the inner
sole and inside linings of sports shoes are generally non-woven. It has various other applications as well
like shoe uppers, stiffeners etc.
576
Main technologies used dry-laid non woven in particular thermo bonded, needle punched, hydro-
entangled and chemically bonded and spun laid and melt blown.
Automotive
The use of nonwovens has increased substantially in recent years. Various automotive parts like carpets,
insulations, headliners, door panels, parcel shelf, padding in seats, etc. are made from nonwoven
fabrics. Nonwovens help reduce the weight of the car, enhance the comfort and aesthetics and provide
advanced insulation, fire resistance, etc. In short they contribute to make cars safer, more comfortable,
cost-effective and also attractive.
Due to their versatility and numerous benefits they are also widely used in the design and construction
of other vehicles and transportation means like aeroplanes, trains, boats, spacecraft and satellites.
Main technologies used are Dry-laid - Needle punched, Spun-lace, Thermo-bonded and Spun-melt in
particular spun bond.
Geo-textiles
Nonwovens are used for filtration, reinforcement and as separators in various civil engineering projects
like roadways, railways, runways, drainage, bridges, canals, dams, reservoirs etc. Their main advantage
is that they are very strong despite being very light in weight. Polyester felts are used to make bitumen
composites for water-proofing in construction.
Rapid developments in infrastructure have led to huge demand for nonwovens in highway, railway,
airport and landfill projects.
Technologies used Dry-laid and in particular Needle punched non woven and spun-laid non woven.
Industrial
Nonwoven products are used for various insulation and protective applications in the electronics
industry. Polyester Nonwovens are used in cable wrapping. Another big application area of nonwovens
is in the filtration area. Hi-loft wadding are used for fresh air filter systems. New products are also being
developed whereby nonwovens are finding increasing applications in the packaging segment as well.
Agriculture and horticulture

Nonwovens are used effectively for optimising the productivity of crops, gardens and greenhouses. The
use of light weight spun-bond nonwoven crop covers on the land increases yields and improves the
quality of the crops. It also helps to keep the growth of weeds under control. Usage of nonwoven mulch
577
mat leads to healthy growth of flowers and vegetables. Technologies used in agricultural applications
are Needle punched and spun bon non woven.
Market of Non-woven in India

The domestic production of non-woven in India is estimated to be around 2.52 lakh MT for 2012-13
worth approximately Rs. 3,200 crore. The production of non woven in India has been growing at 13%
over the last five years. The trend of non woven production in India is as follows:
Exhibit 391: Non woven production trend for India
Non woven Production

400 354
316
283
300 252
in '000 MT
223
175 186
200 162
135
100
-
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
(P) (P) (P)
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

2012-13 2013-14 (P) 2014-15 (P) 2015-16 (P)
Source: ANFA statistics, primary meetings, IMaCS analysis
More than 50% of non-woven capacity in India is of Spun-bond non-woven followed by needle –
punched non woven. The share of different types of non woven fabric manufactured in India is shown in
the exhibit below.
Exhibit 392: Types of non-woven produced in India
Non woven Production

Others ( 2.52 lakh MT)
3%
Spun-lace
9%
Needle-punch Spun-bond
34% 54%
Source: IMaCS analysis, ANFA statistics for nonwoven production in Asia 2012
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Key applications:
The key application of nonwovens is in India is under Packtech segment; particularly in shopping bags
and food grade poly-olefin bags, in Meditech where non woven is used in hygiene products like diapers,
under pads as well as surgical disposables and gowns and in geotextiles and oekotextiles. In addition
significant share of non woven fabric also goes into making of interlinings in Clothtech and shoe
components like eyelets and strobes. The segment wise usage of non woven across the twelve segments
of technical textiles is shown as under
Exhibit 393: Non woven usage across segments
Non woven application

(Total - 2.52 lakh MT)
Hometech Oekotech Others
5% 1% 1%
Clothtech
6%
Mobiltech
7%
Indutech Packtech
7% 42%
Meditech
7%
Sportech
Geotech 15%
9%
The product life cycle of key products which use non woven is shown in Exhibit 394. The diagram
indicates that a majority of the non woven based products are still in its growth phase, showing that the
market for non woven in India still has a lot of potential for growth.
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Exhibit 394: Product life cycle of non woven products
Source: INDA, Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry
Raw material
Close to 60% of the non woven produced in India is based on Polypropylene, which is most commonly
used for applications in Packtech, Meditech and Agrotech.
The production of non-woven fabric in India is used across different segments to develop final finished
products as well as exported in roll goods form. Many organisations in India are also involved in
purchase of non-woven fabric and converting the same into end products. The market for non-woven
fabric is dominated by the technical textile segment of Mobiltech, Meditech and Agrotech. The demand
from automobile sector particularly for non-woven automobile interior carpets and filters is the biggest
consumer of non woven fabric in India. It is followed by Meditech products like sanitary napkins,
diapers, surgical dressing, surgical disposables and absorbent fabrics. Other than these, usages in non
woven wipes, shoe linings and insoles and interlinings are growing due to the cheaper cost of non-
woven fabric. In addition, non-woven is also used in several other products like cigarette filters,
headliners, airlines disposables, surgical disposables, non-woven abrasives, mulch-mats, crop covers,
etc.
Key Manufacturers
Non –woven manufacturing in India has seen a major change in the last few years, with many players
going for large capacity additions. The demand of both domestic market as well as growing export has
been the major thrust behind the growth of the segment. While the market has grown, most of the
production growth has been seen in the production of PP Spun-bond non woven, due to raw material
advantage in procurement of poly propylene in India, in particular Gujarat. There are around 100 players
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in the non woven manufacturing in India. Key manufacturers of non-woven fabrics in India with their
annual production statistics have been shown in the exhibit as under:
Exhibit 395: Key manufacturers of Non woven fabrics in India
Sl. No. Company Estimated Type of non woven
Production
( in MTPA)
1 Supreme Nonwovens 12,500 Spun-bond
2 Spun bond/Melt
Ahlstrom Fibrecomposites India Pvt. Ltd. 12,000 spun
3 Uniproducts India Ltd. 12,150 Needle-punched
4 Ginni Filaments 10,000 Spun-lace
5 Techfab India 8,040 Stitch-bond
6 Spun-bond/melt
Alfa Foam 7,800 spun
7 Mohak Carpets 6,432 NW light weights
8 Well Spun 5,000 Spun-lace
9 Paramount Non woven 5,000 Spun bond
10 Surya Textech 4,800 Spun-bond
11 Pratap Synthetics Ltd. 4,500 Spun-bond
12 Pacific Harish 3,600 Needle-punched
13 Fiberweb 3,600 Spun-bond
14 PARK Nonwoven 2,100 Needle-punched
15 Sanhrea Technical Textiles Limited - 1800 Spun bond
16 Dharmesh textiles 720 Needle-punched
17 Hitkari Fibers Ltd. 480 NW light weights
18 Rizwan Carpets 432 NW light weights
19 Charminar Nonwovens 144 Spun-bond
20 Parishudh Fibers 108 Needle-punched
*Source: Primary survey, Annual reports, websites, secondary reports, ITTA
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Geographical distribution of non woven manufacturers:

There are around 100 non woven manufacturers in India with 45% of them located in Gujarat and
Maharashtra and another 20% in National Capital Territory of New Delhi. The distribution of Nonwoven
players across India is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 396: geographical distribution of non woven players
Rajasthan – Delhi &

6% Haryana –
20%
Gujarat – 30%
West
Bengal – 6%
Maharashtra
– 15%
Andhra Pradesh –
6%
Tamil Nadu –
6%
Growth drivers and Inhibitors

The key advantage is of cheap and easy availability of raw material in particular Poly Propylene (PP),
which is used in most of the spun-bond non woven manufactured in India. This has been a boon for
India giving organisations the strategic advantage for expanding their operations in India. Along with
this, the wide range of applications for Non-woven in different sectors from rolled goods form to raw
materials to intermediate products to end products, helped in diversifying the risks associated with the
market in the last few years when both India and the world was facing a recessionary trend and the
582
markets were growing very slowly. In addition to that growth in new product markets in India like that
of Non woven wipes, medical textiles, geo-textiles and increased usage in Agro textiles paved the way
for a healthy growth of non woven industry in India.
Prospects of Nonwoven Sector in India

Nonwovens industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of textiles. The recent year-to-year growth in
the manufacturing sector in India has been close to 15%. More importantly, there has been growth in
the non-durable goods sector. Most of the textile based non-durable goods are nonwoven products and
this sector has immense potential of growth in India. According to recent statistics from the USA based
Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry, due to the explosion in the number of disposable income
group in India the nonwoven industry in India is expected to register a growth of over 12.4%. With the
increase in disposable incomes, the need for life enhancing products, automobiles etc. increases. These
products are a perfect fit for nonwovens.
With a large textile manufacturing base and technical manpower, India has the potential to become the
leading exporter of various nonwovens and technical textile products. The promotion of nonwovens in
India is promising in healthcare as traditional textiles are replaced with single-use disposables,
improving agriculture for better crop protection and in geotextiles to meet increasing needs in
infrastructure. The nonwovens consumption is directly related to economic development and per-capita
income of the population. As over 60% nonwovens usage is in disposable products, the availability of
surplus income and increase in hygiene awareness are important factors for growth of nonwoven
industry. A significant portion of worldwide nonwoven expansion is due to the rising demand for these
materials, In addition the growing economy in India has a huge scope for the growth of non-apparel
textiles and applications such as geotextiles, insulation systems and medicated goods.
For development and promotion of Nonwovens sector in India, Ministry of Textiles has designated
DKTE’S Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji as Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Nonwovens, under
the scheme of Technology Mission on Technical Textiles. The main objective of CoE in Nonwoven is to
support nonwoven industry by providing necessary technical support, testing services,
prototype/product development facilities and other necessary facilities at one place
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14. Speciality fibres

Speciality yarn is developed through special chemical coating of a general yarn or specialised fibre.
These are used for highly specified industrial use and in fire and armour protective clothing.
As per the National fibre policy 23 different types of fibres are classified as speciality fibres. These have
been enumerated as under:
 Meta Aramid  High Tenacity/ Super high tenacity
 Para Aramids Polypropylene (more than 7 gpd)
 FR Mod-acrylic  High Tenacity/ Super high tenacity
 Superabsorbent fibre Viscose (more than 7 gpd)
 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and  Ceramic Fibre
High Modulus Polyethylene (HMPE)  Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
 Carbon Fibre  PBI Fibres
 Polyphenylene sulphide Fibres (PPS)  PBO Fibres
 Glass Fibre  Anti-microbial/Anti-fungal/Anti-
 Flame Retardant (FR) Viscose bacterial Fibres
 Flame Retardant (FR) Polyester  Phenolic Fibre

 High Tenacity/ Super high tenacity  Conductive Fibre
Nylon (more than 7 gpd)  Fibre for concrete re-enforcement
 High Tenacity/ Super high tenacity  Alginate fibre
Polyester (more than 7 gpd)
These have been discussed as under:
Aramid fibre
Aramid has the largest share amongst the specialty fibres. These are aromatic polyamides available in
different grades with properties to suit various applications. The typical properties of Aramid fibre are
low density, high strength, good impact resistance, good abrasion resistance, good chemical resistance,
good resistance to thermal degradation and compressive strength similar to E-glass fibres. Aramid fibre
has both textile and non textile applications; the key applications of Aramid fibre in technical textiles
include:
 Ballistic protective applications such as bullet proof vests
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 Protective apparel such as gloves, motorcycle protective clothing and hunting gaiters, chaps and
pants.
 Sails for sailboats, yachts etc
 Belts and hosing for industrial and automotive applications
 As a protective layer in industrial gloves to provide cut/ slash protection.
 In production of inherent FR fibres and fabrics
The demand for aramid fibre is met by imports. USA and Germany account for majority of imports of
Aramid to India followed by China. Du Pont is the leading manufacturer of Aramid fibres and is the key
supplier of Aramid fibres in India. The company markets its product under the brand name Du Pont
Kevlar and DuPont Nomex. Another brand gaining recognition in the Indian market is Spectra developed
by Honeywell. The total import of Aramid in India is 1110 MT worth Rs. 90 crore. 90% of it is imported
by DuPont India.
Applications
Aramid fibre is used in Bullet proof jackets, inherent fire retardant fabrics and apparels, in cut proof
industrial gloves and high strength threads and yarn used for stitching of aramid fabric. These are
schappe-spun aramid sewing threads used for stitching of Kevlar. It has very high strength. It does not
melt or support combustion and hence is often used in flame resistant clothing. The tex specification
range from 42 to 84 with the breaking strength from 4.8 kg to 10.4 kg.
Fibre retardant fibres:

Fire or flame retardancy is the characteristic of a fibre wherein the fibre does not melt during fire and
high temperatures and is self exhausting once the flame is removed. Fire retardancy is developed by
adhesion of fibre with flame retardant chemicals usually having nitrogen molecules. The commonly used
FR fibres are mod –acrylic fibre, FR viscose and FR polyester fibre. The total demand for Fire retardant
fibres excluding nomex is estimated to be of 1615 MT. The different types of FR fibres commonly used in
India have been discussed as under:
Mod-acrylic fibre: Mod acrylic fibre is composed by mixing fibre with acrylo-nitrile units. It is usually
dry or wet spun. It is soft, resilient, abrasion and fire resistant, shape retentive, quick drying and easy to
dye which makes it suitable for high-performance protective wears. It is also used in filter fabrics, paint
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rollers and stuff toys. Mod-acrylic fibres are mostly imported into India. Jayashree Textiles are a leading
player in FR fabrics that use mod-acrylic fibres to develop FR fabrics.
FR Viscose: FR viscose is developed by adding additives like alkyl, aryl, halogenated alkyl or aryl
phosphates, phosphazanes and phosphonates. The additives distributes uniformly through the interior
of the viscose fibre providing it with flame retardant properties. FR rayon commonly finds application in
furnishing and upholstery. Although Grasim and Century Rayon are the leading rayon manufacturers in
India, the manufacturing of FR rayon is limited in India.
FR Polyester: FR polyester fibres are developed by adding chemicals to the fibre which increase the
thermal stability and char formation of the fibre while reducing diffusion of gases and heat generation.
FR polyester is widely used for upholstery and furnishing requirements across industries. The major
manufacturer of FR polyester in is Trevira a German based subsidiary of Reliance primarily into supply of
FR polyester fibres.
Glass fibre
Glass fibre is also used in the form of sewing thread for various industrial uses. The fibreglass yarn is
encapsulated by chemical PTFE to provide it high resistance to acids and alkali, increase flexibility of the
fibreglass yarn and increase heat resistance. These can withstand temperatures of up to 538 degree
Celsius.
Glass Fibre as reinforcement dominates the sector of composites material with a share of 85-90%. The
formulation chosen for continuous fibre glass production is generally known as E-glass. Glass fibre finds
application in a variety of products in Technical Textiles.
The fibre is produced in India though the Indian manufactures are facing threat from cheap Chinese
imports. The key producers of Glass Fibre in India are:
 Owens Corning (India) Ltd.
 Saertex India Pvt. Ltd.
 Goa Glass Fibre Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Binani Industries Ltd.
 UP TWIGA Fibre Glass Ltd.
 FGP Ltd
 Deccan Fibre Glass Ltd
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 Glass Fibre Division, CEAT Tyres Ltd

Owens Corning (India) Ltd. (OCIL) is the largest fiberglass manufacturer in India. The company has a
state-of-art glass-fiber manufacturing facility at Taloja, near Mumbai. OCIL manufactures three main
lines of products - chopped strand mat, roving (a slightly twisted strand of fibers) and T-30, used in the
composites industry. OCIL has acquired the manufacturing facilities of Saint Gobain Vetrotex India Ltd.
that manufactures E-glass reinforcements for thermoplastics and thermo-sets along with full range of E-
glass textile yarns and Cem-Fil (Cement reinforcement) fabrics (both woven and knitted with or without
coating). The total estimated manufacturing of glass fibres in India is 114,751 MT.
Application
These find applications in polymer and ceramic matrices and thermal shields used in aerospace
applications as well as in industrial applications like furnace linings, gaskets, door seals and tube seals
and industrial insulating products. It can also be used in industrial protective clothing.
Carbon fibre
Carbon fibre is a high-tensile fibre or whisker made by heating rayon or poly-acrylo-nitrile fibres or
petroleum residues to appropriate temperature. These are stiff and string reinforcing fibres of polymer
composites. Carbon fibre is second most commonly used composite fibres after glass fibres. It is
characterised by:
 High physical strength and light weight
 Good rigidity
 Corrosion resistant
 Electrical conductivity
 Fire resistance
 Excellent EMI shielding properties
 Biological inert
The market for Carbon fibres in India is around 518 MT worth Rs. 129 crore. There are very few
manufacturers of carbon fibre in India with Kemrock Industries and Exports Ltd. having the lion’s share
in the market with a capacity of 400 MTPA. National Aeronautical laboratory (NAL) also has carbon fibre
production facility in India with a capacity of 20 MTPA. Lately global giant Toho Tenax has made an
alliance with Hindoostan Technical fabrics for production of carbon fibres in India.
587
Globally, Toray Industries Inc. is the world’s largest producer of carbon fibre. Other manufacturers of
Carbon fibre are Toho Tenax (Japan), Mitsubishi Rayon (Japan), Zoltek (USA) and Hexcelcorp. (USA).
Application
Carbon fibres are used mostly in defence, extreme automobiles and aerospace sectors as a substitute
for steel and aluminium. Carbon fibre is also used to prepare carbon fibre sewing thread. Carbon fibre
sewing threads are made of more than thousand carbon fibres of thickness 5 to 8 microns bundled
together. It has very high tensile strength and temperature resistivity of up to 1100 degree Celsius.
These have tex specifications from 200 to 1200 and a strength ranging from 3450 Mpa to 4000 Mpa.
High Tenacity Fibres and super high tenacity fibres

High tenacity fibres are special fibres having a tensile strength of 6 to 9 gpd as compared to the normal
textile fibres which have a tensile strength of around 3 gpd. These are meant for industrial use like in
industrial work wear, conveyor belts, tyre cords, sail cloth, high tensile sewing threads, etc. Super High
tenacity fibres have very high tenacity of over 9 gpd. High and super high tenacity fibres can be
developed from manmade fibres - nylon, polyester, viscose and polypropylene. The key characteristics
of these fibres are:
 High tenacity
 Low shrinkage and elongation
 Abrasion resistance
 High durability
In India most of the high tensile fibre manufactured is made from polyester and nylon given the wide
production base of these fibres in India. The total domestic production of high tensile fibres in India is
estimated to be around 27000 MT worth Rs. 372 crore. However, the majority of demand is met
through imports. India imported 31,000 MT of high and super high tenacity fibres worth Rs. 494 crore in
2012-13. The total market size of these fibres is estimated to be 58,000 MT with 95% of the market
being driven by domestic demand.
The major players of high and super high tenacity fibres in India are Relaince with its brand – “Recron
Duratarp”, which are dyed flame retardant high tenacity fibres. In addition to Relaince, Century Rayon is
another major player in the industry producing viscose high tenacity fibres. players like Kayavlon Impex
Pvt. Ltd. The key manufacturers of high and super high tenacity yarns in India have been stated as
under:
588
 Reliance Industries Ltd.

 SRF Industries Ltd.
 Sarla Performance Fibres Ltd.
Other Speciality Fibres

Other than the above mentioned major speciality fibres, many other speciality fibres are used in India in
small quantities. Most of the requirement of these fibres is catered through imports. These are as
discussed below:
 Super Absorbent fibre: Super absorbent fibres are fibres made of acrylic polymers treated to
super absorbent coatings or fibres made of super absorbent polymers. Super absorbent fibres
can absorb more than five hundred times of the weight of the fibre. These find application in
storage of food items, diapers, etc.
 Ceramic fibre: Ceramic fibres are substitutes of asbestos for high temperature and industrial
applications. Ceramic fibres have low thermal conductivity resisting up to 2300 degree F
temperatures. These have high corrosion resistant and hence find applications in sealing and
insulation products for high temperature industrial uses. In India only Unifrax India Ltd.
manufactures ceramic fibres and rest of the demand is met via imports which are of the tune of
610 MT.
 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): PTFE coated fibres are chemically resistant, fire resistant
fibres which can be used at very low temperatures. The fibre is developed through coating of
fibre with PTFE chemical. Although the production of PTFE in India is significant, there are no
manufacturers of PTFE coated fibres and the demand is catered through imports. Globally Toray
chemicals and W L Gore & Associates Inc. are the leading suppliers of PTFE fibres.
 PBI Fibres: PBI fibre is a synthetic fibre with has high thermal and chemical stability. The fibre
does not burn in air, drip and retains its strength and flexibility even after exposure to flame.
These fibres are used in making of personal protective gears and as membranes in fuel cells. The
entire market of PBI in India is catered via imports.
 PBO Fibres: It is a high performance fibre developed from isotropic crystal polymer of poly
PBO. It has superior tensile strength than aramids and are characterised with having very high
chemical, temperature and abrasion resistance. This makes it suitable for various requirements
in personal protective and defence applications. PBO is often mixed with aramid to develop
589
defence products. The entire demand in India is met through imports. Globally Only Toyobo
Corporation from Japan manufactures PBO fibres.
 Anti-microbial/Anti-fungal/Anti-bacterial Fibres: Anti microbial fibres are special fibres
which are coated with chemicals that do not promote growth of microbes. The fibre hence does
not decompose and has longer life and prevents odour of sweat. The market of anti microbial
fibres in India is growing significantly with increasing preference of these fibres in Meditech,
hometech and Sportech applications. Reliance uses anti microbial fibres in its home products as
Recron anti microbial fibre fill. It acquires the anti microbial fibres from Trevira its German
subsidiary. Currently trevira is the largest supplier of anti microbial fibres in India.
 Phenolic Fibre: Phenolic fibres are fibres made of phenolic resins which are used in the
composites industry across the world. They are a key input for making of glass fibre composites.
 Conductive Fibre: Conducting fibres are organic or synthetic textile fibres mixed with strands
of metal or carbon to promote electrical conductivity. It can also be developed by coating with
conductive polymers or fibres of inherently conducting polymers. These fibres have become
significant in the last five to ten years. These fibres are often used in making of electromagnetic
shielding. It can also be used for signal and power transfer applications. There are no
manufacturers of conducting fibres in India.
 Fibre for concrete re-enforcement: Concrete re-inforcements generally are constituted by a
blend of glass fibres, steel and carbon fibres and natural fibres. These also include polypropylene
based re-inforcement fibres. The key benefits of re-inforcing concrete with fibres are that it
prevents seepage of water through the concrete and prevents the concrete from cracking due
to plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage. the share of fibre in fibre re-inforced concrete(FRC)
varies from 0.1% to 3%. The key advantages of using polypropylene based fibres are improved
mix-cohesion and higher impact resistance and freeze thaw resistance. On the other hand, using
steel and glass based fibres improve structural strengths, ductility and provide higher abrasion
and impact resistance. Currently polypropylene based fibres for Concrete re-inforcements are
being produced in India by only Zenith of polypropylene based fibres for FRC and Tufropes for
polyester based Fibres for FRC.
 Alginate fibre: Aliginate fibre is developed from the polymer alginate extract from species of
brown seaweed and algae. The fibre has high strength and flexibility and provides water content
regulation. Alginate fibres are used for different medical applications like in bandages and
wound dressings.
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Import and exports

The imports and exports of key speciality fibre for 2012-13 have been shown as under:
Exhibit 397: Imports & exports of speciality fibres
2012-13
Product HS codes Value (in Rs. Crore) Volume (in MT)
Imports
Aramids 54021110 75.5 928
55031100
Fire Retardant fibres 55093100 83.7 5334
55093200
55096100
55096200
55096900
Glass fibres 70199010 58.9 4173
High Tenacity fibres 54081000 494 30,642
54021910
54021990
54022090
Carbon fibres 68151090 82.3 34
68159990
Ceramic fibres 69039030 5.9 610
Conductive fibres 68151090 - -
68159990
PTFE coated fibres 32100040 13.42 312
39209941
39209942
39209949
Exports
Aramids 54021110 1.4 17
55031100
Fire Retardant fibres 55093100 267.9 17,037
55093200
55096100
55096200
55096900
Glass fibres 70199010 18.7 1,530
High Tenacity fibres 54081000 28.9 2,648
54021910
54021990
54022090
591
2012-13
Product HS codes Value (in Rs. Crore) Volume (in MT)
Imports
Carbon fibres 68151090 5.7 23
68159990
Ceramic fibres 69039030 7.15 4,560
Conductive fibres 68151090 - -
68159990
PTFE coated fibres 32100040 27.8 1,390
39209941
39209942
39209949
592
15. Composites
Composites are produced by reinforcing a resin matrix (thermoplastic/thermoset) with fibres like glass
fibre, aramid, carbon fibre and/or natural fibres. Composites are mainly produced by resin (plastic)
impregnation of reinforcement fibre structures. The fibres give strength to the composite structure. The
higher the fibre content and the longer the fibres the higher the strength of the part (or the lower the
weight for a required strength). Composites can be segmented by strength bearing potential into:
A) ‘low performance’ (using chopped glass or glass mats as reinforcement) and
B) ‘high performance’ (using fabrics or prepregs of Glass, Polyester, Aramide or Carbon fibre as
reinforcement) 14
Unlike conventional materials like steel, aluminium etc. properties of the composite material can be
designed for the required structural and functional aspects. Properties of composites like stiffness;
thermal expansion etc. can be varied continuously over a broad range of values using appropriate fibre,
resin and fabrication mechanism. Composites relevant to the context of technical textiles are fibre glass
composites and carbon composites.

The market for fibre glass is driven by the application industries such as:
 Transportation
 Building and Construction
 Chemical/Corrosion
 Infrastructure
 Wind energy
 Electrical and electronics
14 Gherzi Presentation, Techtextil October 2014
593
Exhibit 398: Indian composites industry - distribution by application
Indian composites industry - Distribution by application
Defence/aeros Transportation
Others, 4%
pace, 5% , 16%
Telecom, 6% Chemical/corr
osion, 15%
Wind energy,
12%
Infrastructure,
13% Building an
construction,
Electrical/elect 15%
ronic, 14%
*source: FRP Institute

Growth across these segments would push the market size for composites.
Taking into account the contribution of both glass fibre composites and carbon fibres, the cumulative
market size of composites is estimated to be 128,861 MT and INR 1,551 Crore. Imports for composites
stand at a total of Rs 507 Crore and almost 46,599 MT. Exports for composites contribute Rs. 207 Crore
and 14,365 MT of the total market size. The composites market has grown at a CAGR of 7.41% from Rs
1,085 Crore in 2007-08 to Rs 1,551 Crore in 2012-13. Imports have grown at a much smaller rate of
2.73% for the same horizon due to production enhancements in glass fibre composite production. Going
forward, as composites are absorbed to a greater extent in various end user industries the domestic
consumption of the market is expected to grow at a healthy 15%, with Government’s Make in India
programme giving it a significant push. The exports too are expected to grow but at a more moderate
rate of 7% Y-o-Y in the near future.
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Exhibit 399: Growth of market size of composites from 2007-08 to 2012-13
Market size of composites

2000
1551
1500
in Rs. crore
1085
1000
500
0
2007-08 2012-13
Market size of composites
Composites (Fibre Glass)
Composites are able to meet diverse design requirements despite being light-weight and have a high
strength-to-weight ratio as compared to conventional materials. Some advantages of composite
materials over conventional one are mentioned below
1. Tensile strength of composites is four to six times greater than that of conventional materials
like steel, aluminium etc.
2. Improved torsion stiffness and impact properties
3. Higher fatigue endurance limit (up to 60% of the ultimate tensile strength)
4. 30-45% lighter than aluminium structures designed for the same functional requirements
5. Lower embedded energy
6. Composites are less noisy while in operation and provide lower vibration transmission
The key material of choice for composites is Glass fabric. Fibre glass dominates the composites industry
as a preferred reinforcement fibre, with a share of around 85%-90%. Other reinforcement fibres like
carbon fibre and aramid fibre are sparingly used in India owing to its patented technology and high
costs.
Fibre glass is made of fine solid rods of glass each with thickness less than one twentieth the width of
human hair. Glass fibres are loosely packed together into a mass which can serve as heat insulators.
They are also used like wool or cotton fibres to make glass yarn, tape, cloth and mats. Fibre glass also
595
has applications in electrical insulation, chemical filtration and fire fighter suits. Combined with plastics,
fibreglass is used for airplane wings and bodies, automobile bodies, wind mill blades and boat hulls. In
this section, we assume that the key contributor to the market of composites is Glass fabric.

The domestic consumption of glass fabric for composites is pegged at 114,000 MT and Rs. 1220.57
Crore. India exports 14342.48 MT of glass fabric worth of Rs. 201.78 Crore. This brings the total market
size of glass fabric to Rs. 1422.35 Crore and 128342.50 MT.
Exhibit 400: Market size estimate of glass fabric – composites
2012-13
Quantity of domestic consumption of glass fabric (in MT ) 114,000
Value of domestic consumption of glass fabric (in Rs. Crore) 1,220.57
Exports of glass fabric (in MT) 14,342.48
Exports of glass fabric (in Rs. Crore) 201.78
Market sizing of glass fabric (in MT) 128,342.50
Market sizing of glass fabric (in Rs. Crore) 2327.14

Key Manufacturers
 Owens Corning India
 UP Twiga Glass fibres
 Goa Glass fibre


Most of import and export for composites occurs under the head of glass fabric and has been captured
in Exhibit 401. The countries from where we import the maximum of glass fibres are China, Malaysia,
USA, Taiwan and UK. Key countries of export of these are Germany, USA, UAE, Belgium, Spain and Czech
Republic.
Exhibit 401: Export import trends for glass fabric
Imports
7019 70191900, 70193200, 70199010, Rs. 498.56 Crore
70199090, 70195900, 70193100,
70191100, 70195100, 70195200
Exports
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7019 70191900, 70193200, 70199010, Rs. 201.78 Crore
70199090, 70195900, 70193100,
70191100, 70195100, 70195200
For composites, we rely a lot on our trade links. 41% of our domestic consumption is catered by imports
and 14% of the market size contributed by exports. Exports have declined over time, and imports have
grown at a 7% CAGR. This points to indigenous capacity enhancement as the market has grown sizeably.
The export trend has been captured in the following exhibit.
Imports
600 499
500
in Rs. crore
400 351
300
200
100
0
2007-08 2012-13
Imports
Carbon fibres and carbon composites
Carbon fibres
Carbon fibre is a high-tensile fibre or whisker made by heating rayon or poly-acrylo-nitrile fibres or
petroleum residues to appropriate temperature. These are stiff and string reinforcing fibres of polymer
composites. Carbon fibre is second most commonly used composite fibres after glass fibres. It is
characterised by:
 High physical strength and light weight
 Good rigidity
 Corrosion resistant
 Electrical conductivity
 Fire resistance
 Excellent EMI shielding properties
 Biological inert
597
The market for Carbon fibres in India is around 518 MT worth Rs. 129 crore. There are very few
manufacturers of carbon fibre in India with Kemrock Industries and Exports Ltd. having the lion’s share
in the market with a capacity of 400 MTPA. National Aeronautical laboratory (NAL) also has carbon fibre
production facility in India with a capacity of 20 MTPA. Lately global giant Toho Tenax has made an
alliance with Hindoostan Technical fabrics for production of carbon fibres in India.
Globally, Toray Industries Inc. is the world’s largest producer of carbon fibre. Other manufacturers of
Carbon fibre are Toho Tenax (Japan), Mitsubishi Rayon (Japan), Zoltek (USA) and Hexcelcorp. (USA).
Application
Carbon fibres are used mostly in defence, extreme automobiles and aerospace sectors as a substitute
for steel and aluminium. Carbon fibre is also used to prepare carbon fibre sewing thread. Carbon fibre
sewing threads are made of more than thousand carbon fibres of thickness 5 to 8 microns bundled
together. It has very high tensile strength and temperature resistivity of up to 1100 degree Celsius.
These have tex specifications from 200 to 1200 and a strength ranging from 3450 Mpa to 4000 Mpa.

Import and export of carbon fibres has been captured in the following.
Exhibit 402: Import and export of carbon fibre
Imports
6815 68151090,68159090 Rs. 8 Crore
Exports
6815 68151090,68159090 Rs. 6 Crore
The import of carbon fibres has risen at a rate of 42% CAGR from 2007-08 to 2012-13. The exports of
carbon fibres too have risen at a similar rate of 41% CAGR from 2007-08 to 2012-13.
Carbon composites
Carbon composites are a high potential area of composites. Carbon composites find their usage mostly
in high strength applications. These are in industries such as commercial aviation (major consumer) and
civil engineering as reinforcements. Bulk of the carbon composites manufacturers in India find their
products used in aviation industry. Application of composites in automotives is yet to catch up in India.
598
The Composite value added chain can be broken down into five steps (example: Carbon)Error!
Bookmark not defined.
 Sintex Industries ltd, Kalol

 Mahindra composite
 TATA Automotive Ltd
 L & T, Vadodara,
 Permali Wallace, Indore
 Mobility Solutions ltd. Chandigarh
 Agni fibre Board Pvt. Ltd, Vadodara,
 Kineco Private Limited
 Suzlon India Ltd.,
 Anearcon India DAMAN,
 Tata Advanced Materials
 Aztech Composites
The value of domestic consumption of carbon composites can be estimated at about Rs. 1,412 Crore.
The quantity of the same is estimated at 5,044 MT. Imports for the same stand at Rs. 5 Crore and 14 MT
whereas the exports are negligible.
Composites - used in automotives

Composites used in automobiles are a very wide variety of products. Composites such as glass wool and
carbon are used in auto motives. This is however, very specific to the mode of transport considered, i.e.
composites used in conventional automobiles, railways, shipping industry and aviation differ from each
other significantly.
599
Composites used in auto motives are used mainly for two attributes – high strength and light weight.
Both these attributes are mostly contributed by aramid and carbon fibres and find heavy application in
the shipping and aviation industry. Other than these, glass fibres used in the automotive sector are used
in railways and in luxury buses.
Shipping and aviation industry

Shipping and aviation industries use carbon and aramid composites. Aramid composites because of their
quality of impact resistance find applications in armoured vehicles and Navy boats. Carbon composites
find application in commercial aviation industry and to a limited extent in the civil application for re-
strengthening a structure.
Automobiles
In road automobiles, glass fibres are the only composites used. These too are utilized mainly in high end
luxury buses and not commercial vehicles. This is due to high cost of glass wool involved. In luxury buses,
these are used mainly in the front, rear, engine covers, dashboards, battery boxes and air conditioning
covers.
Railway coaches
In railway coaches, glass fibres is the only technical textile composite used so far. This is used in the
lining of coaches. Delhi Metro has been the only locomotive operation that has used composites other
than these.
The consumption of composites by luxury buses and railway coaches has been summarized as below:
Exhibit 403: Market size estimate composites
2012-13
Domestic consumption of glass fabric in luxury buses(in MT) 240
Value of Domestic consumption of glass fabric in luxury buses (in Crore) 2.88
Domestic consumption of glass fabric in railway coaches (in MT) 505.44
Value of Domestic consumption of glass fabric in railway coaches (in Crore) 4.55
600
There are many benefits that accrue from usage of composites such as weight savings of up to 50% for
structural and 75% for non-structural applications brings associated benefits of high-speed, reduced
power consumption, lower inertia, less track wear and the ability to carry greater pay-loads.
Composites also provide greater versatility in train design and optimization of train performance (e.g.
lowering the centre of gravity to enhance stability). High stiffness from structural materials reduces
(even eliminates) supporting framework, increases passenger room, carries fittings readily. A modular
construction (interchangeable panels) of composites is easy to handle & install and offers rapid fitting.
Due to its fire resistant characteristics, it also allows full safety to the entire system
Composites find major applications in passenger coaches for excellent structural properties and
improved aesthetics. Components of coaches are generally made of glass fibre reinforced with
polyesters/epoxies, phenolic resins. FRP doors were also developed for Indian railways in consultation
with TIFAC. However, the same have not come into commercial usage15
Scope of Composites
India Textile Firms entering the Composite market should start with fabric and/or pre pregs. In fabric,
one can start with a small number of machines (2 NCFor 3 – 4machines of different configuration). Also,
tapes or braids allow for a low capex entry. Also, a starter as trader of composite industry raw materials
is possible.
Another observation that materialized from our interaction with industry players and such association
we also have come to understand that a large number of the biggest players of composites industries do
not just produce the fabric but also convert the fabric into finished products such as wind blade,
aeroplane parts, ship industry and defence purposes.
There is further scope for innovative applications across all industries. In its critical insights shared by
ATIRA, Centre of Excellence for composites, a huge scope for composites is outlined in detail in terms of
applications. The same has been outlined in the following points with some inputs contributed by TIFAC.
15 Source : TIFAC
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 Lightweight concept is the future of all industries be it machinery manufacturing, transportation

vehicles, Building construction, civil infrastructure), defense application, aerospace and so-on
 In case of reinforcing bars in building construction, the combination of ongoing deterioration

and loss of reinforcement properties ultimately, require potentially significant and expensive
outlays for repair and maintenance, and possibly the endangerment of the structure itself. The
solution is Rebar, a composite fibre bar that will never corrode. Usage by civil contractors for
building is very limited and presently done by only select contractors. Glass fibre roving are
passed through a resin polymer and then cast into shape. The advantage – very low in weight
with high strength. Besides it will have properties like a) Superior Tensile Strength - composite
rebar produced by pultrusion offers a tensile strength up to twice that of steel, b) Thermal
Expansion - rebar offers a level of thermal expansion comparable to concrete due to it 80% silica
content, c) Electrical and Magnetic Neutrality - contains no metal, and will not interfere with the
operation of sensitive electronic devices such as medical MRI units or electronic testing devices,
d) Thermal insulation - highly efficient in resisting heat transfer, such as from building exteriors
to interiors and lightweight
 Housing which is one of the dire necessities of human being and its demand is ever increasing in
India. The solution for the housing sector in India today, modular housing solutions addresses
the land issues, affordability in terms of cost, and sustainability in terms of environment
friendliness, easy availability and acceptability. For example in Mumbai city alone the demand
for housing is 3 lakh per annum but the supply is only 1.5 lakh per annum and around 50% of the
populace dwelling in slum and this is expected to go up to 70% in near future. The solution is
modular housing which is affordable, eco-friendly and sustainable.
 In Marine transport application, composites have application in manufacturing of high speed

boats and fishing boats and has huge potential demand in India
 Composite pipes and tanks are manufactured with Polyester, Vinylester and Epoxy Resins. Pipes
made of centrifugally cast glassfiber reinforced plastics (GRP) consist of a combination of
polyester resin, glass fiber and reinforcement materials. Such composite pipes boast of
properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, low friction resistance, high temperature
602
strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion, corrosion resistance, resistance to biological

attack and low maintenance cost among many others. Composite pipes have huge potential
demand and growth due to its features and its application feasibility in various industries. The
main requirement is to create right type of standards and test methods. It has potential usage in
all high pressure pipelines.
 Composite materials have wide application in Machinery manufacturing. Composite materials

can replace most of the metal parts both critical and peripheral parts of machinery due to its
strength and lightweight and thus can lead to reduced energy consumption. The cost of
manufacturing will be equivalent that of metal parts manufacturing. Composite machinery parts
industry has huge growth potential in India due to its applicability in all the machinery parts
across all the machinery sectors.
 Composite cylinders are widely used in countries such as USA. This product segment too has
huge potential in India. Composite cylinders are lightweight but can withstand high internal
pressures, have better dimensional stability, higher fatigue endurance limit with high tensile
strength, excellent corrosion resistance and non-toxic.
 Aerospace industry in India is estimated to be around Rs 10,000 crore based on composite

materials due to their features have wide applications in aerospace vehicle manufacturing. The
industry has huge potential demand and growth, more so due to the rider that 20% offset
should be from within the country. The offset condition is for purchase of new aircrafts.
Significant scope for composites can also be seen from the fact that some individual states have their
own composites associations in place. In addition, there are esteemed research organizations such as
ATIRA, FRP institute and TIFAC working actively in the field of research on composites. For example:
Fibreglass Industries Association of Andhra Pradesh (FIAAP), a non –profit association for the promotion
of composites in both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states. FIAAP is having more than 300 members
and is active in promoting composites in these states. It has successfully organized three national
conferences in association with FRP Institute. Composite Association, Headquartered in Ahmedabad,
has also been formed in Gujarat and has already received interests from more than 50 manufacturers of
Indian composite industry.
603
Fibreglass Industries Association of Andhra Pradesh (FIAAP)

Fibreglass Industries Association of Andhra Pradesh (FIAAP) is a state level organization established in
the year 2003. The Association’s services are well recognized by some of the national bodies like
MSMEDI, SIDBI, AIRPMA, CITD, NIMSME, FRP Institute, TIFAC, Plastindia Foundation, CIPET, Quality
Circle of India and state bodies like FAPCCI, APPMA, AIMO, APITCO, State and central universities
including reputed engineering colleges in India. The body has been nominated in the governing council
of FRP Institute and regional advisory committee of CIPET, Hyderabad.
MSME identified the existing Fibreglass activity in Andhra Pradesh as a potential cluster and came
forward to assist the Fibre glass industry with the schemes available with the Ministry. A diagnostic
study followed by cluster validation program twice with the cluster players led to start FRP cluster in
Hyderabad. This cluster numbers about 100 units manufacturing various Fibreglass products ranging
from helmets to nose cones of rockets, chemical process tanks, automobile parts, microwave
transmitting radars and antennae, parts for aerospace and defence applications, building material. The
Government has spent Rs. 10 lakh on soft interventions, and implementation of hard interventions is in
progress.
The cluster is located in three industrial estates, namely, Jeedimetla, Balanagar and Cherlapally.
Jeedimetla and Balanagar industrial estates are Within 5 kms. Radius of office whereas Cherlapally
industrial estate is 20 kms. from office. These industrial estates have good infrastructure.
FRP is usually an enclosure, casing or sheet; they do not have sub components. Hence, all units are
manufacturers. There are no assemblers or components. Manufacturers. The industry can be classified
as mechanized or hand-laying. The cluster can be classified as hand-laying type of industry.
There are 300 nos. of units in Andhra Pradesh of which, 100 are located in Hyderabad and Remaining in
Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada. Out of 100 units in Hyderabad, about 60 units have good infrastructure
and good turnover. These include raw Material suppliers also. Another 40% are very small operating
from non-industrial Area.
The cluster manufacturers FRP Roofing sheets, linings, laminates, furniture, Doors, Washing machines,
air coolers, axil flow fans, boats, tanks, chemical process Equipments, gratings, Ladders, platforms and
host of other products.
The industry employs 5000 persons directly and 10000 persons indirectly. The turnover of cluster was
about Rs. 100 crore in 2005-06. A multinational unit is also located in the cluster.
604
Part D. Technical Textile Industry Analysis
605
Factor Availability
India has become a major player in the world market for technical textiles and the domestic production
of technical textiles in particular non-woven is increasing at an encouraging rate of over 13%. World
over the growth of Non-woven industry in India is amongst the world’s top five with China leading the
industry. This has become possible due to a number of suitable economic environmental factors and
easy availability of key factors governing the technical textile industry like supply of raw materials, easy
availability of acceptable standard of technology, work force and cheap labour, Infrastructural aspects
like power, testing facilities and transport network. In addition to this, a policy and regulatory
framework which has been very supportive for new investments, expansion and up-gradation of
technical textile units has been a major support for development of technical textile industry in India.
These factors have been discussed in details in the subsequent sections.
606
1. Raw Material Availability

Key Raw material required for technical textile industry is mostly fibre. India is one of the leading
producers of both natural and man-made fibres in the world. Easy availability of fibres at a cheaper rate
has been a major factor behind the success of Indian textile as well as technical textile industry. The
major fibres used in technical textile industry have been discussed as under.
Natural fibres
Natural fibres used in technical textile industry –
 Cotton
 Jute
 Silk
 Coir
Cotton
Cotton is the most important natural fibre being used in India. At 6 million MT of production of cotton
fibre, cotton accounted for 82% of fibre production in India at over 54% of entire yarn production in
India for 2011-12.
India is world’s second largest producer of cotton after China with a production of 28.5 million bales of
cotton accounting for 23% of world’s production. India has a total of 11.7 million hectares under cotton
cultivation growing at 4% per annum. Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra are the leading
producers of Cotton in India. Cotton balance sheet of India is as shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 404: Cotton balance sheet for last five years
All figures in lakh MT
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Opening Stock 6 12 7 8 5
Supply Side
Domestic production 49 52 58 60 57
Imports 2 1 0 2 2
Total Availability 57 65 65 70 64
Demand side
Mill consumption 32 37 38 37 39
Non Mill consumption 3 3 2 2 3
Small spinners consumption 3 4 4 4 3
Total Domestic Consumption 39 44 44 43 46
Exports 6 14 13 22 12
607

Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Total utilization 45 58 57 65 58
Closing stock 12 7 8 5 6
Source: Cotton Advisory board All figures are in lakh MT
Jute
Jute is a key raw material for making of sacking used in Pack-tech and geo-tech. India is the second
largest producer of raw jute after Bangladesh producing 2,053 MT of raw jute in 2012-13 with a total
area of 8.27 lakh hectares under Jute cultivation. West Bengal, Bihar and Assam are the leading states
producing Jute in India. Jute production India has been growing at 2.4% per annum mainly due to
increasing productivity with the area under jute cultivation declining at 2.1% for the last five years. More
than 80% of the jute produced in India is used for making of sackings, CBC and other technical textile
products. Jute balance sheet for India is shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 405: Jute Balance sheet
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Supply Side
Domestic production of Jute goods 15 16 18 18 17
Imports 0 1 1 2 1
Demand side
Mill consumption 16 14 16 17 17
Domestic Consumption 2 2 2 2 2
Total Domestic Demand 18 16 17 18 19
Exports 0 0 0 0 0
Source: Jute Commission of India All figures are in lakh MT
Silk
Silk is used to manufacture some varieties of blinds (Hometech), sutures (Meditech) and sewing threads
(Clothtech), though the consumption is limited to high end products.
India is the second largest producer of silk producing 23,690 MT of silk in 2011-12, contributing to 15%
of the world production followed by China which accounts for 82% of silk production all over the world.
Indian silk production has been growing at 6.5% per annum. The major silk producing centres of India
are Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Assam. However, the production of silk is
608
not sufficient to cater to the National demand and India is a major importer silk from China. The
availability of raw Silk in India has been shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 406: Silk production in India
Silk availability in India

35000
28,743 28,630
30000 26,762 27,028 26,230
25000 5683 4951

8392 7338 5820
20000
in MT
15000
23060 23679
10000 18370 19690 20410
5000
0
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Production Import
Source: Report on Silk industry & CSB-Dec 2013 at MoT
Coir
Coir, the coconut fibre finds application in mattresses, ropes, cordages and floor coverings. India is
world’s largest producer of coir fibre accounting for over 60% of world production. Sri Lanka is the other
major coir producer. Together India and Sri Lanka account for more than 90% of coir production across
the world. Indian Coir fibre production is estimated to be 6.10 lakh MT in 2012-13. India is the major
exporter of coir exporting to 98 countries. The coir industry in India is concentrated in coconut growing
States – Kerala and Tamil Nadu, which together account for 90% of Indian coir production.
Man-made fibres
Manmade fibres (MMF) and Man Made filament yarns (MMFY) account for around 40% share of the
total fibre consumption in the textile industry as a whole. These fibres form a key raw material for the
technical textile industry especially because of their tailor made properties. The key manmade
fibres/filaments and polymers used as raw material in Technical Textile industry is:
 Manmade fibres/filaments
609
 Viscose
 Polyester
 Nylon
 Acrylic/Mod-acrylic
 Polypropylene
 Polymers
 HDPE
 LLDPE
 LDPE
 PVC
The segment wise consumption of various man-made fibres/filaments and polymers are given below:
Natural Fibre Key segments
Viscose Clothtech, Hometech, Mobiltech*
Polyester Buildtech, Geotech, Clothtech, Packtech, Meditech,
Agrotech, Sportech, Hometech, Indutech
Nylon Buildtech, Clothtech, Packtech, Mobiltech,
Meditech, Agrotech, Sportech, Indutech
Acrylic/Mod-acrylic Buildtech, Protech, Meditech, Hometech
Polypropylene Buildtech, Geotech, Clothtech, Packtech,
Mobiltech, Meditech, Agrotech, Sportech,
Hometech, Indutech
HDPE Buildtech, Oekotech, Packtech, Sportech, Indutech
LDPE/LLDPE Packtech, Agrotech, Sportech,
*Viscose High Tenacity filament yarn finds application in Mobiltech
India is a major producer of man-made fibres and filament yarns across the world. A major chunk of this
production is clustered in Gujarat. India produced 1,234 million kg of man-made fibres and 1,416 million
kg of man-made filament yarn in 2011-12. Details of major man-made fibres and filament yarn used in
technical textile industry have been discussed in the subsequent sections.
610
Viscose Fibre/Filament
Viscose is an important raw material for Clothtech. Viscose also finds application in manufacturing of
wipes (Hometech) because of high absorbent properties. A special variety of viscose i.e. Viscose High
Tenacity Filament yarn called tyre yarn finds application in Mobiltech. The industry has not seen any
capacity addition in the last five years. However, production of VSF has been growing at 10% y-o-y
during the last five years as compared to Viscose filament yarn which has remained stagnant over the
period. Currently India has sufficient capacity for both VSF and VFY operating at 80% and 56% of the
installed capacity respectively. The exhibit below gives details of capacity and production of VSF and VFY
in India.
Exhibit 407: Production of VSF
Viscose Staple Fibre Viscose FIlament Yarn

450 419 419 419 419 419
90 80 80
400 74 76 76
323 337 80
350 302 305 70
300
in '000 MT
60
in '000 MT
233
250 50 42 43 41 42 43
200 40
150 30
100 20
50 10
0 0
Capacity Production Capacity Production
Source: CITI annual report 2012-13
Majority of Viscose produced in India is consumed domestically. The details of production, import,
export and consumption of Viscose fibre and filament can be seen in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 408: Viscose balance sheet of India
All figures in ‘000 MT
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
VISCOSE STAPLE FIBRE
Supply Side
Domestic Production 233 302 305 323 337
Imports 11 19 14 21 15
Demand side
611

Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Exports 28 59 56 79 100
VISCOSE FILAMENT YARN
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Supply Side
Imports 5 12 13 11 9
Demand side
Exports 4 5 6 6 7
India consumes majority of the indigenously manufactured viscose. Significant reduction in imports over
the years indicates that India is self sufficient with regards both viscose staple fibre/filament.
Grasim Industries is the major manufacturer of regular viscose staple fibre whereas Century Rayon and
Indian Rayon and Industries Ltd. are the major manufacturers of viscose filament yarn.
Polyester
Polyester (Polyethylene Terephthalate or PET) is the one of the most widely used synthetic fibre in
technical textiles. The fibre has variety of applications however, around 40-50% of the polyester
produced is used for textile application. Some of the unique features of polyester, making it more
desirable in the textile industry, are shrinkage resistance, wrinkle resistance, mildew and abrasion
resistance, etc. Polyester is used as a raw material either in form of Polyester Staple fibre (PSF) or
Polyester Filament yarn (PFY).
Polyester accounts for 81% of manmade fibre and filament produced in India. While capacity of PSF has
remained stagnant in India for the last five years, PFY has seen regular capacity addition with capacity
612
growing at 3% y-o-y. Production trend however paint a different picture with PSF production growing at
6% while that of PFY declining at 2% y-o-y. Currently India has enough capacity for both PSF and PFY.
The details of capacity and production can be seen in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 409: Production of PSF and PFY
Polyester FIlament Yarn

Polyester Staple Fibre
2500
1400 2059 2069 2134 2144
1183 1183 1183 1183 1183 2014
1200 2000
1000 872 896 848 1435 1462
in '000 MT
830 1332 1380
in '000 MT
750 1500 1288

800
600 1000
400
500
200
0 0
Majority of polyester consumed in India is indigenously produced. Polyester is also imported though the
imports have reduced over the years with increasing domestic production and India is a net exporter of
Polyester staple fibre/filament. The details of production and consumption of polyester in India can be
seen in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 410: Balance sheet for polyester in India
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
POLYESTER STAPLE FIBRE
Supply Side
Imports 17 14 32 45 31
Demand side
Exports 136 161 162 176 158
613

Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
POLYESTER FILAMENT YARN
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Supply Side
Imports 70 29 19 24 32
Demand side
Exports 82 132 246 297 386
Reliance is the country's largest manufacturer of polyester and related products. The other major
manufacturers of polyester are Century Enka, Indo Rama Synthetics, JBF Industries, JCT Fabrics and
Sanghi.
Acrylic / Mod-acrylic fibres

Acrylic fibres are defined as those which contain not less than 85% of acrylo-nitrile molecule. Fibres
which contain 35-85% acrylo-nitrile molecule are "mod-acrylic" fibres. In addition there are many types
of modified acrylic fibres such as animal-like fibres with oval cross-section, thermal resistant fibres, anti-
pilling fibres, antibacterial and deodorant fibres, and anti-static fibres. Acrylic fibres are majorly used for
manufacturing Blinds and Stuff toys (Hometech). Mod-acrylic fibres find application in manufacturing
flame retardant apparel (Protech).
614
The details about capacity and production can be seen as under:

Exhibit 411: Production of ASF
Acrylic Staple Fibre
180 167
153 153 155 155
160
140
120
in '000 MT
100 91
80 80 78 74
80
60
40
20
0
Capacity Production
The consumption of acrylic fibre and its production as well as trade trends can be seen as follows:
Exhibit 412: Balance sheet for acrylic fibre in India

ACRYLIC STAPLE FIBRE
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Supply Side
Imports 11 11 21 20 26
Demand side
Exports 2 6 25 15 6
The major manufacturers of Acrylic and mod-acrylic fibres in India are India Acrylics Ltd, Pashupati
acrylon Ltd. and India Petrochemical Corporation (Reliance).
615
Polypropylene
Polypropylene is the most widely used raw material for the technical textile products because of its
special properties. The production and consumption of polypropylene staple fibre has remained stable
for the last 3 years. The domestic demand is met by indigenous production.
The demand for Polypropylene filament yarn is partly met by imports though the imports are decreasing
over the years. The details of capacity and production of polypropylene in India is as shown:
Exhibit 413: Production of PPSF & PPFY
PP Staple Fibre
PP FIlament Yarn
10
9 9 9 9 9 25
9
8 19
20 18 18 18 18 18
7
15 15
in '000 MT
6
in '000 MT
15 13 13
5 4 4
4
4 3 3
10
3
2 5
1
0 0
The details of the PP fibre export, import and consumption have been shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 414: Balance sheet of PP fibre and yarn
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
POLYPROPYLENE STAPLE FIBRE
Opening Stock 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
Supply Side
Domestic Production 3.4 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.3
Imports 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3
Total Availability 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.5 4.6
Demand side
Domestic Consumption 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.9 3.2
Exports 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.4
616

Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Total utilization 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.5 4.6
Closing stock 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
POLYPROPYLENE FILAMENT YARN
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Opening Stock 0.3 0.1 2.2 0.2 0.3
Supply Side
Domestic Production 15.1 14.8 13.1 13.2 19.2
Imports 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.5
Total Availability 17.1 16.1 16.8 15.3 21.0
Demand side
Domestic Consumption 16.4 13.1 15.5 13.8 18.7
Exports 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.9
Total utilization 17.0 13.9 16.8 15.0 20.6
Closing stock 0.1 2.2 0.0 0.3 0.4
Key manufacturers of PP fibre and filament are Jindal Polyester Ltd., Reliance Ltd and Parasrampuria
Industries.
Nylon
Nylon (Polyamide) finds application in majority of the technical textile products. Regular Nylon filament
yarn is produced in India though the consumption has outpaced the indigenous production in recent
years resulting in increase in imports.
Nylon tyre yarn is a key input for the Mobiltech technical textiles. The production of nylon has been
declining over the last few years on account of declining demand of indigenous consumption. The details
of production and capacity for Nylon filament yarn is as shown:
617
Exhibit 415: Production of Nylon Filament yarn
Nylon Filamant yarn
40
35 32 3230 3234 32 32
30 28 28
23
in '000 MT
25
20
15
10
5
0
Capacity Production
The details of consumption and trade trends for Nylon filament yarn is as shown:
Exhibit 416: Balance sheet for nylon
NYLON FILAMENT YARN
Description 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Supply Side
Imports 4 2 2 1 2
Demand side
Exports 2 2 2 2 2
Century Enka and SRF Ltd. and are the key manufacturers of Nylon yarn
618
Geographical availability of natural fibres in India

The geographical distribution of production of natural fibres in India is as follows:
Exhibit 417: Geographical distribution of key raw materials across India
Assam- Mulberry & eri

Silk
Gujarat – largest
cotton producer
- Largest manmade
textile hub West Bengal –
Largest Jute
Maharashtra – producer
Chattisgarh - Wild silk belt
Highest area under
cotton Andhra Pradesh –3rd
highest cotton producer
Tamil Nadu – 54% of
spinning units
Kerala – largest
coir producer
Poly-olefins and PVC

Polyethylene (PE) is the most widely used polymer. It has three different varieties depending on the
density - High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Linear Low Density
Polyethylene (LLDPE). Different types of PE and Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) are the key polymers that find
application in technical textile. HDPE/LDPE tapes are used in manufacture of variety of technical textile
products. In addition the polymers are used as coating material for interlinings, etc. HDPE has a
significant consumption in the packaging industry and variety of other products in technical textiles.
619
PVC is majorly used as coating material for flex fabric, blinds, etc. The consumption of PVC in last five
years has increased outpacing the production. With significant increase in imports of PVC India is a net
importer of PVC.
During the XIth five year plan capacity of LLDPE and HDPE increased by 15% and 9% respectively making
India a net exporter in both the categories. India is also a major exporter of PP and industry saw
capacity additions at 16% per annum for PP during the last five years. The details of capacity and
production of major polymers used in Technical textile are shown in exhibit below.
Exhibit 418: Capacity and Production of polymers 2011-12
4500 4140 18%
15% 16%
4000 16%
3650
3500 14%
capacity growth
3000 12%
9%
in '000 MT
2500 10%
1825 4%
2000 1685 8%
1500 1198 13301275 6%
1004
1000 0% 4%
205 203
500 2%
0 0%
LDPE LLDPE HDPE PP PVC
2007-08 2012-13 Capacity growth
Source: CPMA website, WG report on Petrochemical industry 2012
The production consumption and trade of key polymers for 2011-12 is as shown in the exhibit below
Exhibit 419: Key statistics for polymers used in Technical textiles
2011-12
(in '000 MT) Capacity Production Demand Import Export
LDPE 205 203 405 200 1
LLDPE 835 1004 1198 238 45
HDPE 1825 1685 1657 241 225
PP 4140 3650 2993 193 848
PVC 1330 1275 2087 813 0
Source: CPMA website
The major manufacturers of HDPE are:

 IPCL
 GAIL
 Haldia Petrochemicals
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 IOCL
 BPCL
The major manufacturers of LDPE are:
 IPCL owned by Reliance Industries Ltd.
The major manufacturers of PVC in India are:
 Reliance Industries
 Finolex Industries
 DCW
Speciality fibres
There are 23 speciality fibres that are used in technical textiles. The majority of the demand of speciality
fibres is met via imports. Aramids, FR fibres, carbon fibres, high tenacity and super high tenacity fires are
the key speciality fibres used in significant amount in Indian technical textile industry.
Aramids: The demand of aramids is entirely met by imports mostly through Du Pont, Indian
manufacturers and DRDO is also conducting research to develop aramid fibres within the country.
FR fibres: Speciality Fire retardant fibres commonly used in India are mo-acrylic based fibres and FR
polyester. The demand for these fibres is catered via imports. While mod-acrylic fibres are imported
from Korea, Taiwan and China, FR polyester is supplied by Treviera – the German subsidiary of Reliance.
High Tenacity fibres: Polyester and nylon high tenacity and super high tenacity fibres are used in India
mainly in industrial work wear, conveyor belts, tyre cords, sail cloth and high tensile sewing threads. The
domestic production is estimated to be of 27000 MT and imports of another 31,000 MT.
Glass fibres: Glass fibre demand in India is mostly catered through domestic production with Saertex,
Owen corning, Montex and UP Twiga being the key manufacturers. The total estimated domestic supply
is of 114,751 MT.
Carbon fibres: Carbon fibre manufacturing in India is done by three key companies – Kemrock,
Hindoostan technical fabrics and National Aeronautical Laboratory. The total domestic supply is
estimates to be of close to 480 MT with imports of around 23 MT.
In addition to these key speciality fibres, other speciality fibres like super absorbent fibres, alignate
fibres, conductive fibres, etc are mostly catered through imports.
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Duty structure for import of fibres in India

The duty structure for different fibres and fabrics along with the HS code under which they are imported
has been shown as under:
Exhibit 420: Duty structure for major fibres being imported
2012-13 2015-16
Products Product HS codes Basic CVD Special Basic CVD Special
description duty CVD duty CVD
Polymers used in Technical textiles
Polymers and Polymers in 3901 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
polypropylene primary form
Polymers of 3902 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
polypropylene
Polymers of 3906 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
acrylo nitrite
Synthetic fibres
Monofilaments 3916 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
of cross
sectional
dimension of
more than 1
mm
3916 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Nylon 5506
5511
Nylon yarn for 5401 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
tyres
Synthetic
5402 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
fibres and yarn
Polyester 5503
5511
5402 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Polypropylene 5501
5511
5403 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Viscose
5511
Other 5503 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
manmade
fibres/
filaments
Natural fibres
Silk fibres Silk fibres 5002 30% 0% 4% 30% 0% 4%
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2012-13 2015-16
Products Product HS codes Basic CVD Special Basic CVD Special
description duty CVD duty CVD
Yarn of 5107 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
combed wool
Wool fibres Fibres of 5108 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
animal hair not
for retail
Fibres of 5201 10% 0% 4% 10% 0% 4%
cotton
Cotton fibres Cotton Yarn 5206 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
(other than
sewing thread)
Flax in raw 5301 30% 0% 4% 30% 0% 4%
Flax fibres form
Flax fibres 5306 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Hemp True Hemp 5302 30% 12% 4% 30% 12.5% 4%
Jute & textile 5303 10% 0% 4% 10% 0% 4%
Jute fibres based fibres
Jute yarns 5307 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Coir Fibres 5305 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Coir Fibres
Coir yarns 5308 10% 0% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Specialty fibres
Fibres of 5402 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Aramids
aramids 5503
PVC filament 5402 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Poly vinyl yarns
fibres PVA filament 5402 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
yarns
68151090 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Carbon & Carbon fibres
68159990
conducting
Conductive 68151090 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
fibres
fibres 68159990
Ceramic fibres Ceramic fibres 69039030 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
32100040 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
PTFE coated PTFE coated 39209941
fibres fibres 39209942
39209949
Glass fibres Glass fibres 70199010 10% 12% 4% 10% 12.5% 4%
Source: https://www.icegate.gov.in/Webappl/index_imp.jsp
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2. Technology
In addition to the conventional technologies, the manufacture of technical textiles requires specific
unconventional spinning, weaving, knitting, braiding and nonwoven technologies. The details of these
technologies have been summarised in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 421: Key technologies used in Technical textile
Technology Applications Manufacturers Remarks
Spinning Technologies
DREF Spinning Hometech, Protech, Fehrer, Austria
Indutech, Meditech,
Packtech, Mobiltech
Warp Spinning Hometech, Mobiltech, Leesona, US
Clothtech Mackie, U.K.
Suessen, U.K.
Weaving Technologies
Projectile Weaving Agrotech, Geotech, Juegens, Germany USD 15,000 to USD
Indutech, Buildtech Sultex, Switzerland 90,000 FOB
Texilmach, Russia
Rapier Weaving Mobiltech, Protech, Cobble Blackburn, UK USD 10,000 to USD
Sportech CTMTC, China 40,000 FOB
Dornier, Germany
Giropan NV, Belgium
Juegens, Germany
Mackie, U.K.
Metag, Italy
Mullaer Frick, Switzerland
Panter, Italy
Picanol, Belgium
Promatech, Italy
Spa Textile, Spain
Sultext, Switzerland
Texo, Sweden
Trinca, Italy
Air-Jet Weaving Mobiltech, Sportech, CTMTC, China USD 6,000 to USD
Meditech ( for medical Dornier, Germany 20,000 FOB
gauge) Investa International,
Czech Republic
Mullaer Frick, Switzerland
Panter, Italy
Picanol, Belgium
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Promatech, Italy
Sulzer Tessile/Smit
Textile, Italy
Sultext, Switzerland
Water-Jet Weaving Buildtech, Clothtech CTMTC, China USD 6,000 to USD
Nissan, Japan 15,000 FOB
Circular Weaving Packtech, Meditech, Frederick Enterprises Co. USD 10,000 to USD
Indutech Ltd., Taiwan 25,000 FOB
Karl Mayer, Germany
Lohia, India
Sima, Italy
Starlinger, Austria
Multiphase Weaving Geotech, Buildtech Sultext, Switzerland
Techmashexport, Russia
Knitting Technologies
Circular Knitting Hometech, Indutech, Artex Group, USA 10,000 USD to
Protech, Meditech, Berney Knitting 35,000 USD FOB
Agrotech, Packtech, Machinery Co. Inc., USA
Sportech ITM Ltd. South, USA
Monarch Knitting
Machinery Corp., USA
Textram Inc., USA
Pai Lung Machinery Mills
Co. Ltd., Taiwan
Keum Young Machinery
Mill Co. Ltd., Korea
Texmac Inc, USA
Karl Mayer, Germany
Flat Knitting Meditech, Protech, Shima Seiki, Japan 4,000 USD to
Buildtech, Mobiltech Stiger, Germany 10,000 USD FOB
Kauo Heng, Taiwan
Elex International, India
SuoHwan Machinery Co.,
Taiwan
Brother Industries Ltd.,
Japan
Keum Young Machinery
Mill Co. Ltd., Korea
Stoll H GmbH & Co.,
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Germany
Protti SpA, Italy
Universal
Maschinenfabrik,
Germany
Warp Knitting
a) Tricot Machines Agrotech, Hometech, LIBA, Germany USD 65,000 to USD
Indutech, Packtech, Cummins Machinery 90,000 FOB
Sportech, Geotech, Corporation, USA
Mobiltech, Buildtech ITM Ltd. South, USA
Karl Mayer, Germany
Jakob Muller AG
,Switzerland
b) Raschel Netting Packtech, Indutech, Cummins Machinery USD 35,000 to USD
Machines Agrotech, Clothtech, Corporation, USA 55,000 FOB
Sportech, Geotech, ITM Ltd. South, USA
Meditech, Hometech, Karl Mayer, Germany
Buildtech Cornez SpA, Italy
Jakob Muller AG, USA
Arlin Industries, USA
LIBA, Germany
c) Stitch-bonding Hometech, Indutech, Chima Inc, USA 12,000 USD to
Mobiltech, Packtech, Karl Mayer, Germany 25,000 USD FOB
Clothtech, Protech Textima Import Export,
USA
Southern Mill Supply
Corp., USA
d) Multiaxial Knitting Mobiltech, Geotech, American LIBA Inc., USA
Protech, Indutech, Cummins Machinery
Meditech, Sportech, Corporation, USA
Buildtech Fillattice SpA, Italy
Fletcher International
Inc., UK
Mayer Textile Corp., USA
e) Spacer Fabrics Sportech, Mobiltech, LIBA, Germany USD 50,000 to USD
Knitting Hometech, Meditech, Cummins Machinery 1,00,000 FOB
Indutech Corporation, USA
Comez SpA, Italy
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Karl Mayer, Germany
Braiding Technologies
Braiding Machinery Mobiltech, Sportech, Barney Knitting USD 5000 to USD
Meditech, Indutech Machinery Co. Inc., USA 20,000 FOB
Fletcher International
Inc., Spain
Lamb Knitting Machinery
Corp., USA
United Textile Machinery
Corp., USA
Karl Mayer, Germany
In addition to these, specific machines are required for production of non –woven fabrics. The details of
these have been summarised as under:
Exhibit 422: Machinery for non woven
S.N Machines Process Capacitie Applications Remarks
o Suppliers s
Opening, 25T/day Wipes, Cotton pads,
blending & Surgical gowns, Drapes,
mixing Geotextiles,
machines, Automotive Textiles,
Airlay cards Filter fabrics,
Agrotextiles, Home
furnishing,
Opening, 100- Geotextiles USD 15,000 to USD
Erko- blending & 1200gsm 50,000 FOB
Trutzschler mixing , 6.5mts
1
GmbH, machines, wide.
Germany Needling
Technology
Opening, 250 to Automotive Textiles, USD 50,000 to USD
blending & 1500gsm 2,00,000 FOB
mixing , 3.0 mtr
machines, wide
Needling
Technology
Opening, 250 to Filter fabrics USD 50,000 to USD
627

o Suppliers s
blending & 100gsm, 2,00,000 FOB
mixing 3.2mts.
machines,
Needling
Technology
2 Fleissner Fibre 25T/day Wipes, Cotton pads, USD 25,000 to USD
GmbH, production Surgical gowns, Drapes, 5,50,000 FOB
Germany plants, Spun
lace lines,
Driers
3 Fong’s, Hong Complete 25T/day Cotton bleaching USD 2,00,000 to USD
Kong bleaching line 7,00,000 FOB
4 Gavazzi , Cake opener 25T/day Fibers into Bales
Italy to Bale press
5 Fleissner Belt Thermobondi 3mts Nonwovens, Coating USD 3,00,000 to USD
Ovens, ng & Fusion wide applications, Industrial 20,00,000 FOB
Germany lines, Hot wipes, Textiles
ovens, Low Finishing, Rubberized
speed winders coir.
Conversion
machines
Cotton pads 240 De-makeup cotton pads
cotton
Falu,
6 pads per USD 2,500 to 15,000 USD
Switzerland
min
Cotton Swabs 2700 Cotton swabs
cotton
swabs
Conversion
machines
Bouda, USD 2,000 to 20,000 USD
7 Zig-zag cotton Medical purpose
Austria FOB
Cotton rolls Medical purpose
Cotton balls Medical purpose.
8 Andritz Laminating & Apparel, home textiles, USD 30,000 to USD
Kusters finishing sport textiles, technical 80,000 FOB
calendars textiles, nonwovens.
rollers
9 Bastian, High speed 3.2 Mtr Nonwovens, Bopp films,
Germany winders etc.
628

o Suppliers s
High strength 300T/ Bullet-proof vests,
PET fibres annum helmets, armours, anti-
cut gloves, rope, marine
use, cement reinforcing
material
10 Shaoyang Spun bond 3.2mts Geotextiles, Medical USD 3,00,000 to USD
Textile line, wide, 3.2 textiles, Automotive, 15,00,000 FOB
Machinery MS, 10- Hygiene, Packaging.
Co. Ltd., 150gsm
China
Diapers, Adult
diapers,
Hanwei Sanitary
Machinery Napkins, Pull
USD 2,00,000 to USD
11 Manufacturi up diapers.
10,00,000 FOB
ng Co. Ltd., Diapers 400 Baby diapers, adult
China pcs/min diapers
Lady napkins 350 Sanitary napkins
pcs/min
Cross lapper Up to Web forming http://www.dilo.de/index
200m .php?id=39&L=1
DILO Group, per min.
12
Germany Needle Used in aithomotive http://www.dilo.de/index
punching non woven textile and .php?id=39&L=1
machine needle punched fabrics
*Note: As meeting with machinery suppliers is still awaited the above list is only indicative and would change as per inputs from key suppliers
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3. Policy framework
Technical textile policy of Central Government
Indian government has been running schemes for promotion of investment into technical textile
industry in India. These are:
Technology Up-gradation Financial Support Scheme (TUFS)

TUFS scheme was first introduced in 1999 to help industry players up-grade to newer advanced
technology. It has been the fore front of technological up-gradation and development in India for the
textile sector.
TUFS scheme aims at developing the technology levels of machinery and installation of Indian textile
sector by providing financial benefits to the promoter of the industry which is going for a new advanced
technology installation, capacity expansion or machinery up-gradation. The scheme aims to increase the
production infrastructure to state of the art technology and therefore, it has set various threshold
parameters, up-gradation below which would not qualify.
Eligibility
Installation of the following machinery would make the investment eligible for TUFS scheme benefits:
 Cotton Ginning and Pressing
 Spinning/Silk Reeling & Twisting, Synthetic filament yarn Texturising, Crimping & Twisting
machinery
 Manufacturing of viscose filament yarn and viscose staple fibre
 Weaving / Knitting
 Technical Textiles and non-woven machinery
 Garment / Made-up manufacturing
 Processing of fibre, Yarn, Fabrics, Garments and made-ups
 Jute industry machinery
 Energy saving & process control equipments for various sectors
 Machinery for CAD, CAM and design studio.
For being eligible under the scheme the size of investment must be above the minimum economic size
and the technology being purchased should be higher than the benchmarked technology.
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In addition to this, investment in machinery for development of common infrastructure, in house R&D,
energy saving devices, etc would be eligible for up to 25% of the cost of machinery.
Quantum of Benefit
Under the scheme, an industry player going for new installation, expansion or modernisation of
machinery can avail the following benefits:
 Re-imbursement of up to 5% of the interest charged by financial institutions for a maximum of
five years. The promoter must invest at least 20% of the cost of machinery.
 The Scheme provides 15% Margin Money subsidy for SSI textile and jute sector in lieu of 5%
interest reimbursement on investment in TUF compatible specified machinery subject to a
capital ceiling of Rs. 500 lakh and ceiling on subsidy Rs.45 lakh.
 The Scheme provides 5% interest reimbursement plus 10% capital subsidy for specified
processing machinery excluding CETP, garmenting machinery and machinery required in
manufacture of technical textiles.
The Scheme provides 5% Interest subsidy or 25% capital subsidy on benchmarked machinery at par
with handloom sector. The details of benefit via subsidy provided through TUFS on capital loans for
the last four years have been exhibited as follows:
Exhibit 423: Benefits accrued via TUFS
4,000 30%
3,538
Subsidy as % of total project cost

3,500 24%
25%
3,000
18% 20%
2,500 16%
In Rs. crore
1,904 14%
2,000 15%
2090
1,500
1113 10%
1,000
577
339 328 5%
500 189 123 146 47
46
- 0%
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Source: OTxC, IMaCS analysis
Technology Mission on Technical textiles

The TMTT scheme is aimed at improvement of basic infrastructure in terms of testing facilities, lack of
market development support, skilled manpower, R&D, improved regulatory measures, preparation of
631
specifications and standards for technical textiles, etc. The scheme is being implemented in two phases,
the details of which are as follows:
Mini Mission 1:
Under Mini mission 1, four COEs were upgraded to a state of the art technology level and four new
COEs were created between 2011 and 2013. This aimed at developing testing and R &D facility for
technical textiles within India.
Mini Mission 2:
Under Mini mission 2, support would be provided for:
 Development of business start –ups
 Conduction of seminars and workshops on technical textiles
 Support for contract research
 Support for development of market for sale to institutional players
 Support of domestic and export market development of technical textiles
 Identification of regulations and standards for technical textiles
Focus Product Scheme (FPS) for technical textiles

The objective of this scheme is to incentivize export of products that have high export intensity or
employment potential in order to offset infrastructure inefficiencies and other associated costs involved
in marketing these products. Exports of notified products to all countries (including SEZ units) shall be
entitled for Duty Credit scrip equivalent to 2 % of FOB value of exports (in free foreign exchange). There
are 33 Technical textile products that are allowed for FPS benefits under this scheme.
Promotion of agro-textiles in north eastern states

The aim is to utilize Agro-textiles in improving the horticulture and floricultural produce of the NE states.
With increasing acceptability of Agro-textiles, entrepreneurship in the area of agro-textiles production in
the country will get an impetus. The growth of usage of Agro-textile products in the country will thus
benefit both agriculturists as well as textile entrepreneurs in the country.
It is proposed that in the project period (5 years), Agro-textiles will be utilized to improve the
horticulture and floricultural produce of the Northeast states by providing technological and financial
support for establishing the demonstration centres and disburse Agro-textile-Kit with overall fund outlay
of Rs. 55 crore. It would aim at creating awareness and dispersal of agro-textile kits. The scheme has two
components discussed as under:
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Component 1: Creating awareness and setting up of demonstration centres and developing

capacities
It would involve participation from State agricultural bodies, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), NGOs and
agricultural universities. It would include organisation of seminars, workshops for farmers and local
stakeholders, publication of articles emphasizing on the advantages of agro textiles for horticultural and
agricultural products in local magazines, promotion of agro textiles through exhibitions by Indian
manufacturers and publicity on radio and television.
It would also include setting of demonstration centres demonstrating the benefit of usage of Agro textile
products suitable for the region, in collaboration with agro textile manufacturers and relevant State
Agriculture bodies/universities, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK), NGOs, etc with technical support from the
COE. The major manufacturers and suppliers for demonstration centre set up would be empanelled by
the COE of agriculture – SASMIRA. A total of 24 to 32 demonstration centres are envisaged with 3 to 4 in
each of the 8 states.
Component 2: Distribution of agro textile kits in North Eastern Region

Subsidized agricultural kits where in the beneficiary bears only 10% of the cost would be provided to the
farmers and stakeholders in North East, with an aim to provide hand holding support to the local
farmers for promotion of awareness and use of agro textiles. The maximum support per stakeholder
would be limited to Rs. 5 lakh. A total of 700 suck kits are expected to be distributed amongst the
stakeholders and farmers in the region.
Promotion of geotextiles in north eastern states

Scheme for usage of geotextiles in North-eastern region has been proposed in the 12 th plan by the
Ministry. The scheme has a total outlay of Rs. 500 crore and aims at promoting and utilizing the use of
geotextile in development of infrastructure in the North East. The scheme would have two major
components:
Component 1: Promotion and use of geotextiles in construction of roads, hill and river embankments,
etc. This component of the scheme would be for on ground implementation and usage of geotextiles.
Out of the total funding close to 85% of the funds would be utilized for this purpose.
Component 2: In component 2, rest of the 15% of the funding would be used for sensitization activities,
market studies, on site testing, sensitization activities, training and capacity building for skilling of
workers in geotextiles.
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Concessional custom duty for specified technical textile machinery

Major machinery required for technical textiles have been placed under concessional custom duty list.
These would get a concession of 5% on the custom duty, allowing the total duty to be 18.61%. This list
includes 26 machines required for technical textiles and complete production line for non woven along
with machinery for finishing and converting of non woven. The list of machinery included in the list is as
under:
 Precision coating heads

 Turret winder and unwinders
 Coating equipment for scrim fabrics
 Multi-colour roto gravure printing machine for coated fabrics
 Printing equipment for signage for coated or laminated fabrics
 Grommet flexing machine
 Ultra sonic, hot air and wedge RF / laser ploymetric sealing machine
 Weatherometer
 Automatic thickness gauze
 Puncture resistance”.
 Twisting Machine
 Material Handling system for Twisting Machines
 Data capture system for Twisting Machines
 Balancing Equipment for Cable Corder Spindle Motors
 Shuttle-less looms
 Reeds for weaving machines
 Warp defects detection system
 Parts for Airjet weaving machines
 Parts for projectile weaving machines
 Parts for Rapier weaving machines
 Warp knotting system
 Take up system for weaving machine
 Creels for weaving machines
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 Package change system for creels
 Process control equipment namely, Tension meters, On-line denier checking system, On-line twist
checking system, On-line EDS monitoring system, Filamentation detector, Fluff Detector, Automatic
Fabric Inspection System, Tacho-meters
 Storage and Transport systems namely, Automated fabric transport system and Automated fabric
packing system
 Finishing Machines namely, Dipping Machine for Tyre Cord/industrial Fabrics, Coating Machines,
Dipping Machine for beting duck, Stenter for Technical Textiles, Embossing Rollers, Parts and
Accessories for Dip and coating units, Hydraulic Control for Accumulator, Dynamic Braking for Pull
Rolls System, De-webber system, Burners with Controllers
 Testing equipment, namely, Tensile Tester, Thermal Shrinkage Tester, Twist Tester, Fatigue Tester";
In addition to these complete production line for the following non woven are also placed in the
concessional list:
 Needle punched non woven
 Chemically bonded non woven
 Thermally bonded non woven
 Stitch bond non woven
 Spun laced non woven
 Spun bonded non woven
 Melt blown non woven
 Spun melt non woven
 Machinery for finishing of all non woven
 Machinery for converting of all non woven to made ups.
Menstrual Hygiene scheme of Ministry of Healthcare and Family Welfare (MoHFW)

The Menstrual hygiene scheme of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare was launched in 2011 with
an aim to ensure menstrual hygiene amongst adolescent girls, wherein sanitary napkin packs containing
6 napkins branded as “Freeday” are proposed to be distributed at a price of Rs. 6 per pack across 152
districts in 20 states across the country. The first phase of the scheme targets to cover roughly 25% of
the adolescent girl (Aged 10 to 19) population of the country. The scheme aims at providing this benefit
635
to 1.5 crore girls in first phase, who are below BPL and cannot afford a sanitary napkin. Out of the 152
districts proposed, the scheme has taken off in 107 districts, across 17 states, where the napkins are
being supplied through central procurement. In the rest 45 districts, the Napkins are to be procured and
distributed through SHGs. The scheme although in its initial phase currently would give a significant
awareness boost for sanitary napkins, which comes under Meditech segment of technical textiles.
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Make in India Programme

The “Make in India” programme was launched nationwide by our Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra
Modi in 2014 with an aim to facilitate entrepreneurship and growth of manufacturing sector in India. It
aims at facilitating investment, foster innovation, enhance sill development, protect intellectual
property and develop manufacturing infrastructure in India. It spans across 25 industry sectors with
special focus on textiles and garments due to its vast potential of creating manufacturing employment.
The key policy initiatives under make in India are:
 100% FDI is permitted through automatic route in textiles and garmenting sector
 Increased role of IT in getting licenses and permits for the convenience of industries
o Process of applying for Industrial License & Industrial Entrepreneur Memorandum made
online on 24×7 basis through eBiz portal
o Environmental clearances can be obtained online
o Self certification to be introduced for select regulatory requirements for non-risk and
non –hazardous businesses
 Development of New Infrastructure
o Impetus on development of new industrial corridors - Delhi – Mumbai, Chennai –

Bangalore, Chennai – Vizag, Amritsar – Kolkata.
o Development of 100 smart cities across India
 New Initiatives for success
o Via “Make in India” programme dedicated teams would be identified to guide and assist
first time investors in the process of setting up the industry.
o Focussed targeting of organisations for expansion and investment would be done for
better results
 Focus on Indian IPR regime
o The Government aims to strengthen India’s IPR regime through development of highly
equipped patent offices and provision of online patent filing facility.
o India is also a member of various international agreements on patents and allows
foreign applicants claiming priority to file for patents.
 Focus on National manufacturing
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o Make in India provides special focus to employment creating sectors of leather, textiles
and garmenting, footwear, food processing and gems and jewellery
o Focus in higher on development of SMEs
o 17 new National Investment and Manufacturing zones have been identified across the
proposed industrial corridors for development. Units coming under NIMZ would have a
single window clearance system.
o A technology Development and Acquisition fund has been proposed across Industry for
acquisition of technologies, creation of patent pool and promoting domestic equipment
manufacturing
o Defined timelines are set for obtaining clearances and licenses for manufacturing from
different regulatory bodies
In addition to these, the Make in India Programme provides few textile sector specific policies. These are
as follows:
 Investment allowance (additional depreciation) at the rate of 15% to manufacturing companies
that invest more than INR 1 Billion in plant and machinery acquired and installed between in
2013-14 and 2014-15
 Tax incentive for research and development
o Income tax deduction of up to 200% of the capital and revenue expenditure excluding
land and building cost done by a company on scientific research and development
o Income tax deduction of up to 200% for sum paid to National laboratory, University and
institutes for research activities
Make in India is more relevant for technical textiles as preponderant sectors among the 25 sectors
consume and drive technical textile consumption. Thus growth of individual sectors will drive growth of
technical textiles as shown in the following exhibit
Sl. No Focus sectors under “Make in India” Impact on TT segment
1 Autombiles Mobiltech and composites
2 Automotive components Mobiltech and composites
3 Aviation Composites and Mobiltech
4 Biotechnology Protech
5 Chemicals Indutech and Protech
6 Construction Buildtech and geotech
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Sl. No Focus sectors under “Make in India” Impact on TT segment

7 Defence Manufacturing Protech, composites and
speciality fibres
8 Electrical machinery Indutech
9 Electronic systems Indutech
10 Food Proccessing Nonwovens
11 IT and Business Process Management Hometech
12 Oil and gas Protech and Indutech
13 Leather Sportech and protech
14 Media and entertainment Hometech and Buildtech
15 Mining Protech and Indutech
16 Pharmaceuticals Meditech and Packtech
17 Ports and shipping Geotech, Indutech and
composites
18 Railways Composites, Mobiltech and
Protech
19 Renewable energy Composites and Indutech
20 Roads and highways Geotech
21 Space Composites and Protech
22 Textile and garments Clothtech and Hometech
23 Thermal power Speciality fibres, Indutech and
Composties
24 Tourism and Hospitality Hometech and buildtech
25 Wellness Hometech
Source: Makeinindia.com and IMaCS analysis
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State-wise Technical Textile policy

Textile industry is wide spread sector of the Indian economy having a major role to play in the economy
and employment generation for many states. The key states where textiles and related activities play a
significant role in the economy are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh and the North Eastern States in particular Assam. State specific textile policies for the key states
with emphasis on the technical textiles have been discussed in the subsequent sections.
Gujarat
Textiles play a crucial role in the economy of Gujarat, with organisations involved in activities across the
textile value chain. Gujarat also has a major chunk of Indian technical textile industry.
Textile policy
Key highlights of the textile policy of Gujarat published in 2012 and valid till 2017 are:
Scheme1: Financial Assistance via credit linked subsidy

 Scheme for Financial Assistance by way of credit linked interest subsidy in Ginning & Pressing,
Cotton Spinning, Weaving, Dyeing & Processing, Knitting, Garment/Made-ups, Machine
Carpeting, Machine Embroidery and any other activities/ process like crimping, texturising,
twisting, winding, sizing etc. within the Textile value chain. The maximum interest subsidy would
be limited to 5% with an exception of up to 7% for Spinning and made-up garmenting unit. This
scheme would be in addition to any other scheme as per Government of India
 A Special power tariff concession of one rupee per unit would be provided in the overall power
bill for a period of five years to the spinning units as a promotional incentive for starting a
cotton spinning unit.
 Units setting up a captive power plant would be given assured supply of lignite for a period of
five years via an agreement with GMDC.
 Refund of VAT up to 100% is refundable for products within value chain of cotton to garments
and made ups. The scheme is applicable on purchase of Raw material as well as on purchase for
fixed assets in a year. The scheme is applicable for a period of 8 years.
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Scheme2: Assistance in technical textiles

 Maximum interest subsidy of up to 6% will be available for establishment of new enterprise,
expansion and modernisation of a technical textile unit. The subsidy would be applicable only on
new and modern plant and machinery purchase and for a maximum period of five years.
 Second Machinery having a residual life of minimum 10 years and cost of less than 50% of new
machinery would be considered for interest subsidy to a maximum extent of 60% of the cost of
the plant and machinery.
Scheme3: Assistance for Energy Conservation, Water Conservation and Environmental

Compliance to existing units
 Assistance to a maximum of Rs. 50,000/- or 50% of the cost would be given to firms having an
existence for more than three years for conducting water audit, energy audit and environmental
compliances.
Scheme 4: Assistance for Technology acquisition and up-gradation

 Assistance to an extent of 50% of the cost or Rs. 25 lakh would be provided to enterprises
acquiring a new technology for specialised application. The beneficiary can avail the scheme
only once and it would be applicable only for acquiring the technology for the first time in India.
Scheme5: Assistance for Apparel training Institutes

 Autonomous institutes having a background of textile or apparel industry or skill development
would be provided a one-time assistance of up to 85% of the cost to a maximum extent of Rs. 3
crore including a maximum of 25% for machinery and equipment, for setting up new training
institutes. The cost of land and recurring expense would be borne by the promoter.
 Assistance to a maximum of Rs. 20 lakh and up to 50% of the up-gradation cost would be
provided to different ITIs and training centres who would come up for up-gradation of training
centre to make them viable apparel training centres.
 Assistance to training institutes up to Rs. 7000/ - per trainer for training of trainers would be
provided up to a maximum of 100% if the trainer is attending a GoI or a PSU promoted institute
and 50% if the trainer is attending a Private sector promoted institute.
 Assistance to trainees in form of re-imbursement of tuition fees up to Rs. 7,000/- or 50% of the
fees would be provided for attending trainings of at-least 120 hour course.
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Scheme 6: Training support for power-loom sector

 Stipend up to Rs. 2500/- per trainee per trainee for a period of maximum three months, would
be given to the trainee under-taking power loom weaving training under ATIRA, MANTRA or at
Skill Development Centres promoted by State or Central government.
 Allowances at Rs. 200 per day for a maximum of two days would be provided to weavers to help
him upgrade skills for working on auto loom, high speed and shuttle less looms, where in the
weaver would not be charged any fees for the same by institutions.
 Allowances at Rs. 300 per day for a maximum of six days would be provided to jobbers to help
him upgrade skills for working on auto loom, high speed and shuttle less looms, where in the
weaver would not be charged any fees for the same by institutions.
Scheme 7: Support for establishing textile and Apparel Park

 State government would provide assistance to a maximum of Rs. 10 crore or 50% of the cost for
setting up common infrastructure of a textile park. The financial assistance can go up to Rs.30
crore for setting up a spinning park. The park must have provision for at least 20 manufacturing
units or in case of spinning park area of a minimum 150 acres with space for setting 10 spinning
units.
State textile policy Highlights for technical textile

Gujarat State government has a specific financial assistance scheme for promotion of technical textile
industry in Gujarat. The scheme provides credit linked interest subsidy at 6% over and above any
incentive available from Government of India. The eligibility and assistance criteria for the scheme are
discussed as under:
Eligibility
All industries of technical textiles spread across the 12 segments are eligible for the scheme. Both new
and existing enterprises can avail this scheme for expansion and up-gradation in the technical textile
sector. The scheme is also be valid for purchase of machinery specified under the TUF scheme. However,
the beneficiary cannot avail benefit from any other State sponsored schemes for the same purpose
while availing this scheme.
Quantum of assistance
A Maximum interest subsidy of 6% would be provided by Govt. of Gujarat in addition to any other
incentive by Central government. The subsidy would be provided for a maximum of five years and would
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be applicable only on the interest levied by financial institutions to those organisations which pays
regular instalment. Defaulters would not be provided the subsidy during the default period.
The assistance would be provided only for investment in new and modern plant machinery as specified
under TUF scheme of GoI, while establishing new enterprise or modernisation, expansion and
diversification of existing enterprises.
The benefit can also be availed while acquiring second hand machinery on up to 60% of the purchase
value of the second hand machinery. However, the second hand machinery must have a 10 years
vintage and 10 years of residual life at time of acquisition with the total cost of acquisition less than 50%
of the cost of new machinery.
Maharashtra
While Maharashtra has many large textile units and allied industries, the textile policy of Maharashtra is
specifically aimed at development of certain under developed areas of Maharashtra.
Textile policy
The salient aspects of the new textile policy of Maharashtra State for 2011-17 have been enumerated as
under:
 New co-operative spinning mills in Vidharba, Matharwada and North Maharashtra region
would be given equity support up to 5% as per the existing financial pattern of 5:45:50.
 Subsidy of up to 10% of the total cost of project for shuttle-less power-looms, warping,
sizing, Yarn dyeing, dyeing , processing and garmenting unit would be provided to co-
operative societies undertaking the project in order of the merit of the project and
according to the availability of funds.
 Subsidy of up to 5% of the cost of project for setting up co-operative power loom units by
ST/ SC and other minority communities would be provided by the government of
Maharashtra.
 A 10% capital subsidy would be provided for modernisation of power loom units of SC/ ST
and minority communities.
 A 10% capital subsidy would be provided to enterprises starting new textile projects in
Vidharba, Matharwada and North Maharashtra regions.
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 Interest subsidy on long term loans linked with TUF scheme of GoI would be provided for
starting a new textile project or modernisation, expansion and rehabilitation of an existing
project.

Maharashtra State does not have any specific policy for technical textiles industry.
Karnataka
Karnataka has come up with an encouraging textile policy for the year 2013-18 with an aim to increase
investments in textile sector. The state aims to invest a total of Rs. 10,000 crore with focus on all
segments of the textile industry in the coming five years.
Textile policy
New textile policy for Karnataka released in 2013 and valid till 2018 focuses on the following areas:
 Strengthening of textile value chain
 Technical Textiles
 Geographical dispersion of textile and garmenting units
 Human resource development
 Infrastructure development
 Technology up-gradation of entire value chain
 Capacity building
 Institutional development
 Standards and compliances
Interventions in the above mentioned areas would be provided through the following measures:
Credit linked Capital subsidy

Credit linked capital subsidy would be provided to incentivise entrepreneurs and existing business men
to go for capacity addition and new projects in different districts of Karnataka. Half of the share of this
subsidy would be provided as subsidy once the developmental milestone is reached and the other half
would be provided as interest subsidy for a period of five years. The different schemes under capital
subsidy are:
 Credit linked capital subsidy: A capital subsidy of up to 20% of the cost of new plant and
machinery would be provided to the enterprises starting a new project or modernising or
expanding an existing project. While 20% subsidy is being offered for projects coming up in
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areas having little development, 15% is being offered in districts having a sustainable
development but a small textile industry. The upper cap for the subsidy is based on the value of
total investment of the project and has been mentioned as under:
Exhibit 424: Subsidy details
Project investment Maximum value of subsidy
Up to Rs. 10 Crore 20% of new fixed assets
Rs. 10 Crore to Rs. 25 Crore 20% of new fixed asset or Rs. 3 Crore
 Special capital subsidy for technical textiles and integrated units: In addition to the capital
subsidy, technical textile projects are eligible for an additional 10% subsidy on value of plant and
machinery to a maximum of Rs. 25 lakh. Integrated units are also eligible to an additional
subsidy of 20% of Rs. 30 lakh if they are being developed in remote under-developed districts
and a subsidy of 10% or Rs. 25 lakh if they are coming up in a developed district.
 Capital subsidy for locating in designated textile park: A capital subsidy of 5% or Rs. 10 lakh
would be provided to units which are locating in the designated State government or Central
government textile parks.
 Capital subsidy for Eco friendly units: Textile units would be given a 20% capital subsidy in plant
and machinery for purchase of cleaner and environmental friendly technologies. The subsidy
would be limited to a maximum of Rs. 20 lakh
Credit linked interest subsidy

 Half of the amount of capital subsidy to be given as per the previous section would be
distributed as interest subsidy to the entrepreneur or businessman over a period of five years.
This would be from the capital subsidy planned and not exclusive to it.
Entry Tax and Stamp Duty re-imbursement

 Full re-imbursement would be provided on the entry tax paid for plant and machinery and
capital goods inclusive of the ones used for captive power generation, common effluent
treatment and waste disposal units. Stamp duty re-imbursement up to 50% for developed
districts and full re-imbursement for remote under-developed districts would be provided for
land either allotted or purchased or leased.
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Common Infrastructure for textile parks

 Common infrastructure such as CETP, STP, Waste disposal facility, Power supply infrastructure,
Drainage system, captive power plant, telecommunication system, testing laboratory, design
centre, factory building, roads or any basic infrastructure being set –up at a green field textile
park would be eligible for a subsidy of up to 40% of the cost of project up to a maximum of Rs.
20 crore.
 New common Infrastructure buildings coming up in brown field projects would be eligible for a
40% subsidy with a maximum cap of Rs. 12 crore.
 If a new Greenfield project is coming up in a backward area and occupies at-least 51 acre of
land, a subsidy of 40% or Rs. 25 crore would be provided for common infrastructure
development.
 Capital subsidy of up to 50% of project cost with a maximum limit of Rs. 5 crore would be
provided for starting a Central Common Effluent treatment Plant (CETP) or hazardous waste
disposal unit in the state.
 Power subsidy of up to Re. 1 per unit would be provided for all value chain activities of textile
value chain as well as units of technical textile and new Greenfield projects.
Subsidy for Mega Projects

 In case of mega projects of more than Rs. 100 crore which provide direct employment to at least
150 employees, a capital subsidy of 10% of the fixed assets with a maximum limit of Rs. 10 crore
would be given to the promoter. The project would also be eligible for tax benefits of up to 10%
on state taxes, 100% re-imbursement of Stamp duty and entry tax and up to 50% re-
imbursement for expenses incurred towards employee ESI and EPF. The above mentioned
power subsidy of Re.1 per unit would also be valid for mega projects.
Capacity Building
 Capital subsidy for development of market development and branding centre up to 50% or Rs.
50 lakh would be provided
 Capital subsidy for design development centre up to 50% or Rs. 25 lakh would be given
 Capital subsidy in form of re-imbursement of 50% of project cost or Rs. 5 lakh would be given for
projects for developing of standards and compliances.
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Karnataka’s textile policy puts a special thrust towards growth of technical textile industry in Karnataka.
Technical textile units are eligible for an additional 10% capital subsidy over and above the general
capital subsidy for a textile unit. This takes the maximum capital subsidy for a technical textile unit to up
to 30% of the project cost. While the general 20% subsidy is applicable on investment in new fixed
assets, the subsidy for technical textiles is applicable only on new plant and machinery for technical
textiles.
In addition to this, the State plans to start a Centre of Excellence (COE) with Government of Karnataka as
lead partner and with due support from existing COEs. The COE would be funded by State government
and would undertake activities like R&D, HRD, Testing and evaluation, Incubation centre, etc.
The State plan for investment into technical textiles in the coming five years has been shown as under:
Exhibit 425: Investment plan of Karnataka Govt. for textiles

Investment planned (in Rs. Crore)
Sector
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Total for 5 yrs
All textiles 1,002 1,552 2,462 2,497 2,487 10,000
Technical textiles 200 250 400 425 425 1,700
Share of technical
20% 16% 16% 17% 17% 17%
textile
Rajasthan
Rajasthan launched a special customised package for development of textile sector in the state in 2013,
which would remain in effect till 2020.
Special Customised package for textile sector

The salient aspects of the customised package for textile sector have been enumerated as under:
Eligibility
The package would be applicable for the following industries:
 Any new textile or technical textile enterprise where the promoter is making a minimum
investment of Rs. 25 lakh and providing employment to at least ten workers.
 Any existing textile enterprise including technical textiles unit going for Up-gradation,
modernisation, expansion or diversification where in it would be investing at least Rs. 25 lakh
with a minimum employment generation for 10 workers.
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 Revival of a sick textile or technical textile unit through a minimum investment of Rs. 25 lakh
and employment generation for 10 workers
Quantum of Benefits
The key benefits and schemes under the package are:
Interest Subsidy:
 Interest subsidy of 5% per annum for would be provided to textile units going for investment of
up to Rs. 25 crore. An additional subsidy of 1% would be given to enterprises going for a fixed
capital investment of more than Rs. 25 crore.
 Interest subsidy for a technical textile unit would be higher at 7% per annum.
 Interest subsidy would be given for a period of maximum five years, only for the loan taken from
an institution recognised by RBI.
Re-imbursement for VAT
 Incentive in form of re-imbursement of up to 60% of VAT would be given on purchase of yarn by
the textile or technical textile unit for a period of maximum five years.

Rajasthan government is providing an addition 2% interest subsidy for technical textile units when
compared to a textile unit, taking the total subsidy for technical textile unit to 7% per annum.
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh launched a special textile and apparel promotion policy in 2005 applicable for a period
of five years till 2010. In 2010, the government in its Industrial and investment policy announced the
extension of the textile policy for a period of another five years till 2015.
Textile and Apparel promotion policy

The textile and apparel promotion policy focuses on development of three crucial sectors in Andhra
Pradesh through a cluster approach. These are the Handloom sector, the power loom sector and textile
and apparel sector. The salient aspects of the policy for textile and apparel sector have been
enumerated as under:
Infrastructure development
 The state government would create export and apparel parks using cluster approach to promote
textile and apparel industry in the State.
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 It would develop Integrated Textile Parks under SITP scheme of Central government through
SPVs, land for which would be provided by the State government to the SPV.
 State government would provide a special incentive for mega textile projects requiring
investment of more than Rs. 100 crore and providing employment to more than 2,500 workers.
Promotion of spinning industry

 Encouragement would be given to new spinning units of more than 12,000 spindles for
promotion of spinning units in the state.
 A grant of up to Rs. 1000 per worker would be given by the State government to the Spinning
unit for geographical diversification and starting of new spinning ventures across the state.
Promotion of garmenting industry

 Garmenting units would be given an incentive of up to Rs. 5000 per worker employed for
meeting requirements of training of employee.
 Garmenting units would be given an additional power tariff concession of Rs.0.25 per unit, in
addition to the existing concession of Rs. 0.75 per unit being given under Industrial policy of the
State.
 Garmenting and export units would be provided 100% re-imbursement of stamp duty as well as
exemption from zoning regulations and urban land ceiling exemption.

The State does not have any specific policy for the technical textile sector.
The summary of different schemes available in the above mentioned states is as shown:
Exhibit 426: State specific policy incentive for key states offering benefits specific to technical textiles
State Capital subsidy Interest subsidy Common Re-imbursement
infrastructure of costs
development
Gujarat Capital subsidy up 6% over what is 100% of VAT for

to 25% or Rs. 25 offered by Central cotton value chain
lakh for new Govt.
technology
Karnataka Capital subsidy up 50% of capital Subsidy of up to Stamp duty re-

to 20% of cost subsidy to be 50% for CETP and imbursement of
distributed as up to 40% for up to 50%
Greenfield
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State Capital subsidy Interest subsidy Common Re-imbursement

infrastructure of costs
development
interest subsidy projects
Maharashtra 10% capital 5% credit linked

subsidy for plants subsidy for power
in Vidharbha and loom sector
Marathwada areas
Rajasthan Interest subsidy of Re-imbursement

up to 7% of VAT on capital
purchases
Andhra Pradesh Special assistance

for SITP and
spinning units
having more than
12000 spindles
State policies and IMaCS analysis
In addition to these states that have specific technical textile and textile policies, many other states offer
support to industries, which are also applicable for technical textile set up. The key states providing
policy support to industries have been discussed as under:
Madhya Pradesh
The state is rich in natural resources – fuels, minerals, agriculture, forests. Given its central location in
Northern India, Madhya Pradesh has geographical advantage. Many FMCG companies have moved their
warehouses here to save on logistics expenses. Companies have access to key consumer markets and
major cities such as Delhi (740 km), Mumbai (780 km), Kolkata (1,350 km) and Chennai (1,435 km).
Because of this advantage, numerous consumer goods companies have also set up manufacturing bases
in the state. Further, Madhya Pradesh is a power surplus state.
Industrial Policy and Regulatory Framework

Madhya Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation Limited (MPSIDC) is the nodal agency for
industrial growth in the state. It is the central point to coordinate, activate and ensure implementation
of mega infrastructure projects. MPSIDC has identified 19 industrial growth centres in order to attract
medium and large industries as well as non-resident Indians (NRl) to the state and provide various
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facilities and concessions to them. For a structured growth, the Government has divided the state into
six clusters, viz., Indore, Bhopal, Jabalpur, Gwalior, Rewa and Sagar.
In order to attract investors and promote entrepreneurs, the state government has appointed TRIFAC,
an agency to facilitate a single-window mechanism, for speedy approvals of various clearances and
permissions.
Industrial Investment Promotion Scheme

Eligible Industrial units having fixed capital investment of greater than INR 1 Crore or more would be
given industrial investment promotion assistance on the basis of category of the district after adjusting
the input tax rebate on the amount of commercial tax and central sales tax deposited by them
(excluding the amount of value added tax on purchase of raw materials) on the basis of minimum
eligible capital investment and the extent shown below. Large and Medium industries (LMIs) will be
given Industrial Investment Promotion Assistance after adjusting the input tax rebate on the amount of
the VAT and CST (excluding thr amount of VAT on purchase of RM) deposited to them to the extent
shown below
Exhibit 427: Madhya Pradesh - Policy benefits
Category of District Minimum eligible Percentage of Period of assistance
capital investment investment (No. of years)
in Rs. Crore promotion
assistance
Advanced district Less than 25 50 3
Above 25 75 3
Backward 'A' Less than 20 50 5
Above 20 75 5
Backward 'B' Less than 15 50 5
Above 15 75 7
Backward 'C' Less than 10 50 5
Above 10 75 10
The reimbursement of Industrial Investment Promotion Assistance will be made directly to the industrial
unit on a quarterly basis.
The Madhya Pradesh Government has identified textile as one of its thrust sectors and this reflects in its
special package for textile sector in its Industrial policy.
 New textile units will be given an investment subsidy @ 10% of eligible capital investment
subject to a maximum limit of INR 1 Crore.
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 New units with a fixed capital investment of more than INR 100 Crore will be given entry tax
exemption for a period of 7 years.
 An interest subsidy @2% for a period of 5 years will be provided on long-term loan linked to the
centrally sponsored Textile Up-gradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) subject to maximum limit of INR 5
Crore.
 25% subsidy will be given for establishment of Apparel Training Institute subject to a maximum
limit of INR 25 Lakh.
Chhattisgarh
Since its formation in 2000, Chhattisgarh has strived to develop into a mineral and energy based
industrial hub. Chhattisgarh is among the richest Indian states in terms of mineral wealth, with 28
varieties of major minerals, including diamonds. It is a leading mineral producing state.
The state has several industrial development projects either completed or under planning and
implementation. They include eight industrial areas, four large industrial areas, nine integrated
infrastructure development centres (IIDC), and seven industrial parks. The seven parks include food
processing, herbal and medicine, gems and jewellery, metal, apparel, engineering and aluminium. The
state has a notified special economic zone (SEZ) in the Rajnandgaon district. A total of 121
memorandums of understanding (MoU) with proposed investment of US$ 35.3 billion were signed over
the period, 2001-2012.
The industrial policy seeks to accelerate the pace of industrialisation in the state. It envisages the
creation of an enabling environment and infrastructure for encouraging exports from the state and to
promote private sector participation for the development of basic and industrial infrastructure.
Manufacturing Vision &Policy of the State Government

Chhattisgarh is planning to come up with a new Industrial Policy in November 2014. The policy is
expected to address the areas of concern at the policy implementation level. At present the land
available for new projects is limited due to concerns regarding environmental clearances and other
issues. Some progress has made by the government with the land owners and central government in
this area and very soon they expect to obtain more land for industrial growth.
Taxation: The state government has abolished check-posts and fully computerised the system with
rationalisation of taxes. It was proposed by the industry to remove Industry entry tax and to smoothen
the process of filling taxes. They wished to have an online web based system for the same.
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Technology promotion: The state has set up an e-portal for submission, calculation and refund of sales
tax in the state. The government is in the process of setting up such portals for other departments also.
The state has also launched an online payment portal for payment of dues.
Energy and infrastructure availability: The state has a surplus of power and this is a major advantage to
set up the manufacturing units in the state. However, roads network is inadequate and also the quality
of roads is not good. The state shall now enable to provide permissions to build two-lane roads in forest
areas. Earlier such permissions were required to come from Bhopal. Also, the government is considering
construction of concrete roads in the cities.
The state plans to connect their highways to the eastern industrial corridor to promote investment and
industrialisation. The state is setting up Road Development Corporation to address to the concerns of
road infrastructure in the state.
Sector-Specific Investment Strategy: The state is setting up industrial parks for IT, Biotechnology,
Electronics etc across the state. They also wish to promote automobile industry; textile industry,
chemical, plastics, pharma, metal based industries, Agricultural, food and forest produce processing
industries. The state has 17 priority based (product based) industries identified. The state is planning for
specific industry focussed strategies for the same.
There is a provision of 30% of the fixed capital investment to the industries established by the
entrepreneurs of general category maximum limit is Rs.90 lakh. With further provisions for priority
industries and products such as HDPE Bags and pipes, the State is open to welcoming investments.
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh, the largest in area amongst the North-eastern States of India, is endowed with
plenty of natural resources, which needs to be converted into goods and services for the development
of the State and its people. At present, the industrial growth in the State is dismal and at a nascent stage
despite enormous potential for industrial growth.
Further, the Government of India has given tremendous thrust on the “Look East Policy” which itself
calls for greater infrastructure for industries and trade. The North Eastern Industrial Investment &
Promotion Policy-2007 (NEIIPP-2007) has been formulated by the Ministry of Commerce and industry,
Government of India for industrialization and proper development of North-Eastern Region.
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Arunachal Pradesh with its huge hydropower potential of over 57,000 MW, which is being developed in
a phased manner, will soon have surplus power to feed power intensive industrial units. Textiles
(handloom and power looms), Handicrafts and Sericulture has been identified by the State Government
as a thrust areas, which will be eligible for various incentives. State Government shall provide 99% Sales
Tax (VAT)/Entry Tax exemption to eligible industrial units on import of actual raw materials, machineries
and equipments into Arunachal Pradesh as also on sale of finished goods in the State of Arunachal
Pradesh for a period of 7 years from the date of commencement of commercial production.
Assam
Assam is the second largest State of North East India by its geographical area having highest population
in the region. The growth rate of GSDP in the State during the 9th plan period was 1.51% which increased
to 5.33% during the 10th Plan period. The State Government was able to achieve an annual average
growth rate of 8.42 % during the 11th Plan period. The projected growth rate for 12th plan period is
9.38%
Industrialization in Assam dates back to the days of first commercial plantation of Tea and which
occupies an important position in the state’s economy. Apart from that, Assam, with its Four Refineries
and Allied units, produces a major part of the Petroleum and Petroleum based products in India. The
Government of Assam is emphasizing on adoption of Eco-friendly investment strategy for sustainable
development of the state.
Assam has a vibrant industrial base. From the oldest tea industry and huge onshore oil production to the
only Stock Exchange in the region and large presence of Banks and Financial Institutions, its industrial
base spreads across a wide spectrum of existing industries in Petroleum, Petrochemicals, Fertilizers,
Textiles, Cement, Paper, Plastic and a host of products and services.
The State is trying to invite investments with a slew of tax exemptions. For example: the State provides
VAT exemption duties as mentioned below:
Exhibit 428: Industrial policy - Assam
Category Micro Small Medium & Large
Maximum of 150%of Maximum of 100% of
Maximum of 200% of Fixed Capital Fixed Capital
New Fixed Capital Investment Investment Investment
Maximum of 100%of
New & Existing unit Additional Fixed
undergoing Expansion/ Maximum of 150% of Capital Investment Maximum of 90% of
Modernisation/ Additional Fixed Capital Maximum of 90% of Additional Fixed
Diversification Investment Additional Capital Investment
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Bihar
The Bihar Government announced its industrial policy, a significantly updated version to face the
challenge of attracting investors from outside as well as inspiring its own entrepreneurial talent. The
new industrial policy is said to be based on a close analysis of the policies of some other states like
Gujarat, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand with a view to attract investment in all
categories, especially small and medium industries.
Main Highlights of the New Industrial Policy 2011-16:

 The policy identified nine “thrust areas” — food processing, agro-based industries, tourism, super
specialty hospitals, IT, technical and high education, electronics, hardware and non-conventional
sources of energy.
 Land acquisition – the government assures it would try its best to make land available to the
entrepreneurs.
 Though not part of the policy statement, the state has made available Rs 1,500 crore to the
authorities concerned for strengthening the land bank.
 The new policy provides for a subsidy grant of 50 per cent for setting up captive power plants. The
amount of grant/subsidy would go up to 60 per cent if any unit decides to set up non-conventional
sources of energy for captive use.
 Entrepreneurs would not have to pay any stamp duty for land registration when setting up a new
industrial unit or carrying out expansion to existing units.
 The policy will provide a capital subsidy of about Rs 5 crore to those making less than Rs 500 crore of
investments whereas Rs 30 crore would be given as capital subsidy to industrial units that invest Rs
500 crore or above.
 According to the scheme if any industrial unit follows government reservation policy, it would get 10
per cent additional funds. But this is not binding on them.
 The government would provide special incentive to entrepreneurs from Scheduled Castes or
Scheduled Tribes. Women and the disabled would also get similar benefits. For these categories, 100
per cent VAT would be reimbursed if their turnover crosses Rs 30 lakh per annum.
 To promote quality products and expansion, the policy would allow incentives for the preparation of
detailed project reports (DPR), ISO certification and carbon credits.
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 The government would also try to promote quality and reimburse 75 per cent of the fees involved in
getting quality certifications.
 The new policy would exempt new units from luxury tax and reimburse 80 per cent of the value-
added tax (VAT) deposited by a fresh unit for a period of 10 years with a cap of 300 per cent of the
capital invested in setting up the unit.
 According to the policy, if a unit appoints 100 persons in a given fiscal on the basis of the
government’s reservation policy, the entire employee pension fund (EPF) contribution borne by the
company for that year would be fully reimbursed
Goa
Goa is one of the smallest states of the country. The state is endowed with iron ore resources and this
has been a key industry. It is also an established base for the pharmaceuticals industry and is emerging
as a destination for knowledge based industries such as biotechnology and Information technology.
Traditionally tourism has been a prime mover of the economy and the State is recognised as an
important global tourist destination. Fisheries are another sector which contributes significantly to
economic output as well as to exports.
The government of Goa is presently working on the drafting of a new industrial policy in order to boost
investor confidence and to attract new industries to Goa. The objectives of the new industry policy, will
be to encourage the setting up of industries, which are non-polluting and employment oriented with the
new thrust areas identified as electronics and pharmaceuticals.
The industry has suggested that implementation of GST will help business, since Goa depends on raw
materials/intermediary products and distribution of final products on other states. In terms of
incentives, New units setting up in Goa in the thrust areas will be offered a ‘Special Incentive’ of
70%/50% (backward talukas/other talukas respectively) on their total investment in the form of VAT
rebate, employment rebate and stamp duty rebate. Pointers for the same are outlined below:
 VAT/CST – upper limit of 25% of VAT/CST payable during the year.
 Employee wages – upper limit of Rs. 25 lakh per unit per year or 15% of total wages per year,
whichever is lower for Goan direct employees with monthly emoluments of a minimum of Rs
15,000
 Stamp duty on land acquisition – upper limit of 50% of stamp duty payable in backward talukas
25% of stamp duty payable in other talukas to be set-off against VAT/CST paid in the first year of
operation
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Haryana
Haryana is among the highly economically developed and industrialised States of India. The State has its
manufacturing stronghold particularly in sectors like automobile & auto components, light engineering
goods, IT & ITES, textile & apparels and electrical & electronic goods. The new industrial policy, taking
into account the current economic scenario and prospective developments, lays particular emphasis on
further strengthening the base of the manufacturing sector besides knowledge based & high tech
industries, efficient use of energy, conservation of resources and pragmatic environmental policies for
sustainable development.
The State has identified “Handloom, Hosiery, Textile and Garments Manufacturing” as one of the key
sectors in manufacturing and a cluster approach for the development of same shall be encouraged.
 Panipat has already established its place on the international map as a centre for the handloom
products. Gurgaon - Manesar belt has also emerged as the centre for manufacture and export of
ready-made garments. A number of units are engaged in the manufacturing of leather garments
and other accessories. The HSIIDC has already developed a Textile Park at Barhi.
 An International Trade and Convention centre would be set up at Panipat to promote handloom
products. These Trade Centres would have global market information data and design centre for
handloom and garments industry.
 FAR up to 250% is permissible for apparel units in the new industrial estates and expansion
phases of the existing industrial estates.
The HSIIDC, being the nodal agency of the State Government for development of Industrial
Infrastructure, is responsible for laying down its Estate Management. While HSIIDC would continue to
act as the state’s nodal agency to develop industrial infrastructure in the public sector, the Government
has decided to partner with the Private Sector in some of these initiatives.
On the taxation front, Value Added Tax regime is envisaged to be replaced by Goods & Service Tax (GST)
regime in the State. This will give more relief to the industry, trade, agriculture and consumer through a
more comprehensive and wider coverage of input tax set-off and service tax set-off, subsuming of
several taxes in GST and phasing out of CST.
Himachal Pradesh
The State benefits from the “SPECIAL PACKAGE OF INDUSTRIAL INCENTIVES FOR THE STATES OF
HIMACHAL PRADESH AND UTTARAKHAND.” The extension of this scheme of Central Grant or Subsidy
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under Special Package – II for Industrial units in the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand was
effected with a view to accelerating the industrial development in these States.
All new industrial units and existing industrial units on their substantial expansion would be eligible for
Capital Investment Subsidy @ 15% of investment of Plant & Machinery, subject to a ceiling of Rs. 30
lakh. Micro, Small and Medium enterprises would be eligible for Capital Investment Subsidy @ 15% of
the investment in plant & machinery subject to a ceiling of Rs. 50 lakh. The subsidy will be available for
the duration of the scheme to such units which have pre-registered and commence commercial
production / operation prior to 31-03-2017. Other eligibility parameters and details have been outlined
in the Scheme document.
In this scheme, the Government identifies Woven fabrics (Excisable garments) and Sports goods and
articles and equipment (for general physical exercise and equipment for adventure, sports activities)
and Paper and paper products excluding those in negative list as thrust industries.
Jammu and Kashmir

Keeping in view the fact that the state of Jammu & Kashmir lags behind in industrial development, a
need has been felt for structured interventionist strategies to accelerate industrial development of the
state and boost investor confidence. The new initiatives would provide the required incentives as well as
an enabling environment for industrial development, improve availability of capital and increase market
access to provide a fillip to the private investment in the state.
To achieve this J&K State Government has decided on the following Fiscal incentives to new industrial
units and substantial expansion of existing units:
 New Industrial units and existing industrial units on their substantial expansion as defined, set up in
growth centre, industrial infrastructure development centres (IIDCs) and other location like
industrial estates, parks, export processing zones, commercial estates, etc. as notified by the Central
Government are entitled to 100% (hundred percent) excise duty exemption for a period of 10 years
from the date of commencement commercial production.
ii) All new industries in the notified location would be eligible for capital investment subsidy @ 15% of
their investment in plant and machinery, subject to a ceiling of Rs. 30 lakh. The existing units will be
entitled to this subsidy on substantial expansion, as defined.
iii) An interest subsidy of 3% on the working capital loan would be provided to all new industrial units in
notified locations for a period of 10 years after commencement of commercial production. This benefit
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would also be extended to existing units in notified locations on expansion, as defined, as well as to
defined thrust Industries.
iv)The insurance premium to the extent of hundred percent on capital investment for a period of 10
years would be extended by the Central Government to all new units and to existing units on substantial
expansion, as defined.
v) The present income tax exemption would continue as per the existing dispensation applicable to
Jammu & Kashmir. The State Government may consider extending Sales Tax exemption to the units
which avail of concessions under this policy.
Jharkhand
Jharkhand Industrial Policy – 2001 was formulated and implemented after the creation of the State of
Jharkhand. The basic objective of the policy was to optimally utilize the available resources in planned
and systematic manner for the industrialization of State. It was aimed at enhancing value addition of the
natural and human resources in efficient manner to generate additional employment and resources for
the growth and development of the State. And it has accomplished this to a significant extent. However,
there is a need to boost the economic activities to sustain the current level of growth and achieve even
better pace of development.
Gaining from this, Jharkhand has committed the following policy measures to make the State an
attractive investment destination:
 Infrastructure
Top priority will be accorded by the State Govt. in development of physical and social
infrastructure through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP). Private investment in power, telecom,
roads, airports, ICD, logistics etc will be facilitated. The State Govt. would take specific measures
for development of sectoral clusters taking into account the need of the targeted industries. The
State has already started implementing the concept of BOT, BOOT etc and would evolve
comprehensive guidelines for funding and operating infrastructure projects with private
investments or PPP.
 To encourage industrial activities of specialized nature at suitable location, sector specific
industrial parks have been envisaged in the State. Apparel Fibre and Textile Park are also
planned to be set up under Govt, Private, Joint Venture or PPP mode.
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 Industrial units under specified category including Jharcraft, or projects under joint venture, PPP
mode, State Govt. etc will be facilitated to get access to all the existing schemes of Govt. of India
such as
 Technology Up gradation Fund Scheme (TUFS)
(ii) Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks (SITP)
(iii) Scheme for Integrated Skill Development
 The State Government will extend the benefits to textile / apparel units in areas / activities
excluding those which have been covered under Govt. of India schemes.
 VAT exemption
Large and Mega Industries shall be eligible for reimbursement of 50% of the NET VAT paid per
annum up to a maximum of 75% of total fixed capital investment for different duration
depending on the location of the unit as per the policy document.
 Incentive for Industrial Parks, Private Industrial Area / Estate
50% of cost, up to maximum Rs 10 crore, incurred on development of common infrastructure of
green field textile, apparel park, IT/ITES park, Bio-technology park, Gems and Jewellery park,
Bio-tech and Herbs park, Chemical and Pharmaceutical parks, Food Park, Automobile Vendor
Park etc (as mentioned in policy document) and private industrial area / estate will be borne by
the State Government.
Kerala
Kerala has been in the fore front of Social development indicators in India throughout the modern era.
Though, post liberalisation phase has seen significant growth in secondary and territory sectors like IT,
Tourism, entertainment, internet and mobile services, airlines, banking, insurance etc. the growth has
not been commensurate with social development indicators.
Higher Economic Growth is necessary not only to generate higher tax revenue but also to sustain the
advances made in social sector and in order to allocate more resources by the State to the welfare
activities for the poor and needy has yet to be widely acknowledged in the State. The State traditionally
has been a wage earning society. The great challenge before the Government is to convert Kerala into
an Entrepreneurial Society. Government will promote entrepreneurial culture among the people of the
State in a Mission mode.
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In order to generate higher economic growth, investments are required for creating High quality
infrastructure, skilled human capital, technology up-gradation and Enterprise promotion.
Large industries in the State have significant potential because of good infrastructure facilities available
in the State like power, transport system, airports, ports and availability of rare minerals. In order to
facilitate Investment in Mega projects, a High level Council will be formed to arrive at consensus among
the political parties and civil society leaders. As a step towards industrial development, the State will
focus on industrial infrastructure at par with the Global Standards. Also, Government will encourage
suitable Industries that are non-polluting, environmental / eco friendly and employment oriented that
have the potential to pay wages at par with the living standards of Kerala.
Manipur
The Policy is prepared keeping in mind the National Manufacturing Policy, 2011, the Look East Policy of
the Government of India, the North East Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy-2007, Transport
Subsidy Scheme, 1971(as amended from time to time), various schemes and Policy of the Government
of India and shall remain in force up to 31st March, 2017 or before replacement by new Policy.
The annual average growth rate of the State was highest in 2009-10 with 7.6% and it was 2% which in
2006-07.The rates have been decreased to 6.1% and 6.2% (P) during 2010-11 and 2011-12 respectively.
The per capita income however increased from Rs. 20,786 in 2004-05 to Rs. 36,085 (P) in 2011-12.
Agriculture is the main occupation of the population.
Manipur has come up with an industrial policy to attract investments. Few of its key provisions have
been stated below:
 The State Government shall provide Capital Investment Subsidy to all eligible new manufacturing
enterprises, at the rate of 30% (thirty per cent) on the capital investment on plant and machinery.
 The State Government shall provide to all eligible manufacturing enterprises in the fold of Medium
and Large an interest subsidy of 4% per annum on term loan taken from Bank and Financial
Institution subject to a ceiling Rs.40,000/- (forty thousand)per month. This subsidy shall be
available for the first three years from the date of commercial production or from the date of
release of loan, provided that the enterprises have no interest liabilities overdue to the sponsoring
banks / financial institutions.
 The State Government shall also provide interest subsidy of 3% on working capital for the first
three years to all eligible manufacturing enterprises from the date of commercial production or
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from the date of release of loan, provided that the enterprises have no interest liabilities overdue
to the sponsoring banks/ financial institutions.
 Tax Incentives
All new units, which manufacture goods in Manipur, will be entitled to exemption of 99% of tax
payable under the Manipur Value Added Tax Act, 2004,Central Sales Tax (CST) and any Commodity
Tax subject to the limit mention below:-
Exhibit 429: Tax incentive - Manipur
Category Terms of Exemption
Micro Seven years
Small Seven years
Medium & Large Seven years subject to 200% of fixed capital investment
In case of existing units, they will be eligible for 99% tax exemption for seven years from the date of
commencement of commercial product ion with similar limits for medium and large units as
indicated above.
Government will adopt an integrated approach to infrastructural support and development in addition
to up-gradation of basic facilities at the Industrial Estate, Takyelpat, completion of Food Park, and
setting up of Textile Park / Park at suitable locations, new industrial estates, industrial areas, industrial
clusters, identification and development of Growth Poles.
Meghalaya
The New Industrial & Investment Promotion Policy is designed to facilitate investments in new sectors
across the State and thus ensure accelerated and sustained growth. The Policy focuses to attract,
facilitate and promote wider expectations and high end investment. In conjunction with the North East
Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy (NEIIPP), 2007, the Meghalaya Industrial and Investment
Promotion Policy (MIIPP) – 2012 makes some key provisions for attracting investments. Some of these
provisions are mentioned below:
 For MEDIUM, LARGE, MEGA AND ULTRA MEGA manufacturing and service enterprises, State
Capital Investment Subsidy on cost of Factory Building, Plant and Machinery will be provided to
Large & Medium enterprises at the rate of 30 % (thirty percent) of the fixed capital investment
subject to a ceiling of Rs.100.00 lakh
 The State Government shall provide 99 % Sales Tax (MVAT) remission to eligible industrial units
on sale of goods/by products within the State for a period of 7 (seven) years from the date of
commencement of commercial production. Accordingly, the unit shall pay 1 % of the tax amount
payable in accordance with tax return under MVAT to the State Government. Similarly for sale
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of goods/by products between interstate the unit shall be eligible for remission of 99 % of the
CST amount as applicable and shall pay only 1 % of the tax amount under CST to the State
Government for sale of finished goods/by products to any registered dealer/customer and
submit “C” form wherever applicable. All new & existing units undergoing expansion of 25 % or
more shall be eligible for exemption for the further period of 5 years.
In case GST becoming applicable during the tenure of this Policy, the above said concession shall
be extended to State GST only.
 Special incentives for Export Oriented Units : Export Oriented Units exporting minimum 25% of
its installed capacity for at least 3 consecutive years, shall be given additional 15% capital
investment subsidy subject to a maximum of Rs.50 lakh.
 Interest Subsidy :Subsidy on interest payments to Banks/Financial Institutions will be provided

at the rate of 4 % (four percent) with a ceiling of Rs.30000.00 per month on term loans
(excluding working capital loans) availed by an entrepreneur for setting up of approved
enterprises for a period of 3 (three) years from the date of disbursement of the loan. This
subsidy will be in the form of re – imbursement of actual payments made.
 Special incentives for Mega Large Enterprises: An approved Project in the Border Area will be
granted exemption from paying royalty on those minerals which are use on manufacturing
activity for 6 months.
 Special incentives for Ultra Large Enterprises : An approved Project in the Border Area will be
granted exemption from paying royalty on those minerals which are use on manufacturing
activity for 1 year
Mizoram
In view of the National Industrial Policy which laid special emphasis for the development of Industries in
the North Eastern Region, the Govt. of Mizoram had notified new Industrial Policy 2000 for accelerated
Industrial and Economic development of the State. The main objectives of the New Industrial Policy of
Mizoram 2000 are to engineer rapid sustainable growth of Industry in the State. It laid stress on
encouraging Industries utilizing locally available raw materials.
In view of the hilly terrain of the State with underdeveloped infrastructure and Entrepreneurship level of
the people, there is limited scope for development of large enterprises. MSME with tremendous scope
of employment will be encouraged.
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Nagaland
In tune with the industrial policy resolutions, the government of Nagaland has formulated a package of
incentives for promotion and setting up of industrial units and revitalization of sick industrial units in the
State.
The Implementing Agency for the Incentive Scheme-2000 in respect of the Large & Medium and SSI
sector shall be the Director of Industries. For eligible units the Government has announced some
incentive packages are under:
Highlights of the Central Government’s North East Industrial Policy 1997
i. Capital Investment Subsidy: Capital investment subsidy shall be provided at the rate of 15% on
plant and machinery subject to a maximum of ceiling of Rs. 30.00 lakh.
ii. Interest Subsidy: Interest subsidy of 3% on working capital loans for a period of ten years.
Tax Holiday:-
 Excise Tax exemption for 10 years from the date of commercial production.
 Income Tax exemption for 10 years from the date of commercial production.
Incentives available under Incentive Scheme-2000 (State Scheme)

Power subsidy: Subsidy on power tariff will be provided at the rates of 30% and 25% for connected
loads up to 2 MW and above 2 MV respectively for a period of 5 years from the date of commercial
production subject to a maximum ceiling limit of Rs.2 lakh annually. This will be reimbursement scheme
on actual consumption of power for manufacturing process substantiated with requisite details.
Special Incentives for 100% Export Oriented Units (EOU): An additional 5% capital investment subsidy
subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs. 3.00 lakh. Sales Tax exemption for an additional period of one year is
present.
Orissa
The Industrial Policy Resolution (IPR) of Orissa 2001 and 2007 has put in place a robust policy framework
for industrial promotion and investment facilitation in the State, including creation of an enabling
environment. The Industrial Policy Resolution 2014 aims at reinforcing and further expanding this
process.
Orissa is one of the richest mineral states having chromite, nickel, bauxite ore and coal deposits to the
extent of 97.9%, 92.5%, 51.0%, and 33.2% respectively of the total deposits of the country. The state has
rich water resources as a natural corollary to its geographical position.
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The state has been witnessing a rise in the number of SSI/MSME units in recent years. During 2011-12,
5,505 MSME units went into production with an investment of US$ 92 million and 30,387 persons were
provided employment
The state offers a wide range of fiscal and policy incentives for businesses under the Industrial Policy
Resolution, 2007. Additionally, the state has sector-specific policies for IT and micro, small and medium
enterprises. The state government has also constituted ‘Team Orissa’ to help with investment
promotion
As a part of the state government-enacted Orissa Industries (Facilitation) Act, 2004, a single-window
clearance system was implemented in the state. This was done with the aim of facilitating the growth of
industries and creating an attractive environment for both domestic and international investments.
The Industrial Development Corporation of Orissa (IDCO) has been entrusted with the responsibility of
creating infrastructure facilities in industrial estates across the state.
Key features of the Orissa Industrial Policy-2014
 Non-mineral based new industrial units located in the Tribal Revenue Sub-Divisions under Tribal-
Sub Plan with minimum investment of five crore rupees in plant & machinery and providing
direct employment to minimum hundred persons shall be treated as deemed priority sector unit
and be eligible for all incentives prescribed for the priority sector.
 Power Subsidy: New industrial unit other than in Priority sector industries shall be exempted
from the payment of electricity duty up to a contract demand of 500 KVA for a period of 7 years
from the date of availing power supply for commercial production. New industrial unit in the
Priority Sector shall be exempted from payment of electricity duty up to a contract demand of 5
MVA for a period of 7 years from the date of availing power supply for commercial production
 VAT Reimbursement: New industrial units in Priority Sector shall be eligible for reimbursement
of 100% of VAT paid for a period of five (5) years from the date of commencement of
production, limited to 200% of cost of plant and machinery provided that the VAT
reimbursement shall be applicable only to the net tax paid, after adjustment of input tax credit
against the output tax liability.
 Reimbursement of Entry Tax shall be available to eligible industrial units as follows:
o Priority Sector units shall be eligible for 100% reimbursement of Entry Tax on acquisition
of plant & machinery for setting up of industrial units.
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o Priority Sector units shall be eligible for 100% reimbursement of Entry Tax on purchase
of raw materials for a period of five years from the date of first Fixed Capital Investment
subject to a total maximum ceiling of 100% of fixed capital investment.
 100% reimbursement of CST on sales of finished products by the new industrial units in Priority
sector for a period of 10 years.
 New industrial unit coming under priority sector shall be entitled to interest subsidy @ 7% per
annum on term loan availed from Public Financial Institutions / Banks for a period of five years
from the date of commencement of production subject to a total maximum limit of Rs 2 Crore
 New industrial unit in the Priority Sector shall be exempted from payment of electricity duty up
to a contract demand of 5 MVA for a period of 7 years from the date of availing power supply
for commercial production.
 Export Promotion: Augmentation of exports commensurate with the export potential of the
State shall be a priority activity of the Government. An Export Policy and Action Plan for export
promotion shall be notified in consultation with leading exporters of the State and related
agencies. An Export Resource Centre shall be established in the Directorate of Export Promotion
and Marketing.
Punjab
To encourage industrial development and employment generation in the State, it is imperative that
fresh impetus is given to Industry and Commerce. Hence, the State Government announces this
Package of Fiscal Incentives for setting up new industry. Alive to the needs and aspirations of SME
sector, the package provides for liberal incentives to this segment too.
VAT and CST Incentives
The State of Punjab has outlined the following VAT and CST incentives for medium and large scale
industries. It has a separate structure for MSME as well.
Exhibit 430: Policy incentive - Punjab
FCI above FCI above FCI above
Rs.10cr to Rs.25cr to Rs.100cr to FCI above
Eligible Area* Rs. 25cr Rs.100cr Rs.500cr Rs.500cr
50% VAT+ 60% VAT +75% 70%VAT 80%VAT
Zone I 75% CST CST +75%CST +75%CST
Maximum cumulative quantum of
incentive 50% of FCI 60% of FCI 70% of FCI 80% of FCI
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FCI above FCI above FCI above

Rs.10cr to Rs.25cr to Rs.100cr to FCI above
Eligible Area* Rs. 25cr Rs.100cr Rs.500cr Rs.500cr
25% VAT+ 30% VAT+ 50% 35% VAT+ 40% VAT+
Zone II 50% CST CST 50% CST 50% CST
Maximum cumulative quantum of
incentive 25% of FCI 30% of FCI 35% of FCI 40% of FCI
Eligibility Period in Years 8 10 11 13
Exhibit 431: Zone classification for Punjab

Zone I: Fazilka, Ferozepur, Tarn Taran, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Pathankot, Hoshiarpur, Sangrur,
Barnala, Mansa, Moga, Bathinda, Sri Muktsar Sahib and Faridkot. All approved Industrial
Parks, Industrial Focal Points and Industrial Estates in all districts of the State.
Zone II: Patiala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar
(Nawanshahr), Rupnagar and Ajitgarh(Mohali).
The Industrial policy also provides for Incentives for Integrated Textile Units.
Sikkim
Sikkim is again a state of North East that finds coverage under the North East Industrial Investment
Policy 2007. This coupled with other state specific policies provide some incentives for incentives as
outlined below:
Concession on State and Central Sales Tax: The State Sales tax shall be exempted for a period of 10
(ten) years from the date of commencement of actual Commercial Production. However, for the units
set up in the thrust area, the exemption period will be 12 (Twelve) years. Additional provisions as
specified in policy may apply.
VAT Exemption: The Value Added Tax (VAT) payable by an Industrial Unit shall be deferred for a period
of 10(ten) years and for a period of 12(twelve) years for the notified thrust industries from the date of
commencement of actual commercial production. These Industrial Units will be permitted to collect VAT
and roll it back as Working Capital for the entire period of deferment as the case maybe. At the end of
the deferment period, the VAT collected will have to be remitted to the Government Account in four
half yearly instalments. In case of those units which are already enjoying the sales tax exemption the
same will be converted into VAT deferral scheme as above for the remaining periods of their exemption
as the case maybe. The state also provides various power subsidies.
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Tamil Nadu
The State of Tamil Nadu has always been in the forefront of economic growth in the country. The State
has made impressive strides over the years to carve out a niche for itself in the fields of engineering,
automobiles, textiles, leather, Information Technology, electronic hardware and hi-technology industries
and the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) stood at Rs.4,51,313 crore at constant prices in 2012-1316.
The industrial GSDP of Tamil Nadu grew at an impressive rate of 9.60% from the year 2005-06 to 2012-
13 at constant prices. 17
The State of Tamil Nadu has unveiled ambitious plans for further industrialization. A few measures
towards the same are captured below:
Power Supply
Power supply to Industries: All units with demand of more than 10 MVA will be provided with
reliable supply at 110 KV or 230 KV level depending on the eligibility. Uninterrupted power supply will be
given to the projects if the same is covered by MoU or Government Order (non-MoU).
Inclusion of Investment made in captive power plants: Captive power plants will be treated as
eligible fixed assets for the purpose of the structured package of assistance. “Captive Power Plant” for
this purpose means a power plant set up to generate electricity primarily for the units’ own use.
VAT refund on Capital Goods for establishing captive power plants: Refund of 50% of the VAT
paid on purchase of capital goods exclusively for captive power generation within the construction
period, provided they are manufactured in Tamil Nadu.
Capital Subsidy and Electricity Tax Exemption: Irrespective of the location of the project, new or
expansion manufacturing units will be given a back ended capital subsidy and electricity tax exemption
on power purchased from the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Ltd. (TANGEDCO) or
generated and consumed from captive sources based on employment and investment in fixed assets
/eligible assets as the case may be, made within the investment period as detailed below:
Exhibit 432: Policy incentive - Tamil Nadu
Investment in
fixed
assets/eligible Electricity tax exemption (in
fixed assets (Rs. in Direct employment Capital subsidy (in number of years) from date of
crore) (in numbers) Rs. crore) commercial production
5 to 50 100 0.3 2 years
16
Source : Union Planning Commission, Government of India
17 Source: Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Government of India
668
Investment in
fixed
assets/eligible Electricity tax exemption (in
fixed assets (Rs. in Direct employment Capital subsidy (in number of years) from date of
crore) (in numbers) Rs. crore) commercial production
50 - 100 200 0.6 3 years
100 - 200 300 1 4 years
200 to 500 400 1.5 5 years
500 – 1500 600 1.75 5 years
1500 -3000 800 2 5 years
3000 and above 1000 2.25 5 years
Apart from the above standard incentives, Mega and Super-mega projects will be eligible for a
structured package of incentives as detailed in the industrial policy if they satisfy both the investment
and the minimum employment criteria fixed for each category.
Investments made below Rs.200 Crore are also be eligible for receiving VAT related fiscal incentives as
follows:
Exhibit 433: Re-imbursement of VAT - benefits for Tamil Nadu
Investment within 3
years Soft loan given would be equal to VAT paid
First 3 years from the commencement of
Rs. 50 – 100 Crore commercial production
First 4 years from the commencement of
Rs. 100 – 200 Crore commercial production
Telangana
The Government of Telengana18 outlines the plans for improving the business environment and
improving the investment climate:
1. The Government of Telangana is committed of creating a conducive environment including a
single window clearance system for the industries.
2. There is a convergence of the state government’s policies (“Made in Telangana” initiative) and
Government of India’s policies (“Make in India” initiative)
3. The Government of Telangana is aware of different problems being faced by industrialists and
policy decisions are being taken to quickly create an industry friendly regulatory regime.
4. Govt. would examine the possibility of encouraging dalit entrepreneurs by taking up initiatives
to improve the diversity of the vendor base of the government departments.
18 Special Chief Secretary (Industries)
669
5. Eight districts of Telangana are identified by the Government of India as backward districts. It is
expected that Government of India would provide adequate financial support to the
development of these districts.
The Government also identified the areas where the assistance of the Central Government will be
required. Industry players have also shared their views with the Government requesting facilitation in
area such as providing marketing support to MSMEs and labour laws’ reforms to name a few.
Tripura
The state of Tripura announced its Tripura Industrial Investment Promotion Incentive Scheme, 2012 for
industrial enterprises which shall be valid till March 2017. A brief snapshot of the incentives offered to
attract investment from industries has been captured below:
 Capital Investment Subsidy @30% on fixed capital investment (with additional subsidy @2.5%
to ST, SC and Women Enterprises), subject to a ceiling of Rs.50 Lakh per enterprises. The
amount of subsidy shall stand reduced to the extent of entitlement of the enterprise for subsidy
on the same investment under the NEIIPP-2007 and to the extent of subsidy on the same
investment actually received under any other Scheme.
 Industrial Promotion Subsidy equal to the net amount (net of input taxes) of the Tripura Value
Added Tax (VAT), Central Sales Tax (CST) and any other commodity tax actually paid by an
enterprise to the State Government on sale of finished goods, subject to overall ceiling of Rs.50
lakh per enterprise per annum. The subsidy shall be given to an eligible enterprise for 5 years
from the date of commercial production.
 Partial Reimbursement of Power Charges to the extent of 15% of the power charges actually
paid by the enterprise, subject to a ceiling of Rs.12 lakh per enterprise per year. The incentive
shall be given to an eligible enterprise for 5 years from the date of commercial production.
 Partial Reimbursement of Interest on Term Loans actually paid to banks/financial institutions to
the extent of 3% of the term loans availed by the enterprise, subject to a ceiling of Rs.1.50 lakh
per enterprise per annum. The incentive shall be given to an eligible enterprise for 5 years from
the date of commercial production.
Uttar Pradesh
The government of Uttar Pradesh has approved and announced the new Infrastructure and Industrial
Investment Policy – 2012 with an objective of attaining an Industrial growth rate of 11.2% per annum.
670
The policy envisions establishing Uttar Pradesh as the most preferred destination for investment by
accelerating industrial development, creation of a conducive business environment and development of
high-end infrastructure facilities in order to create new employment opportunities.
Significantly, to make policy execution transparent and effective, all supporting Government Orders,
Notifications etc have been issued along with policy document. Implementation of the policy will be
regularly monitored by a High-Level Committee constituted for this purpose for this purpose.
Exemption in Entry Tax & other taxes
 Entry tax on iron & steel to be used as raw material will be rationalized
 Facility of input tax refund or set-off will be allowed to manufacturers who export outside India
through export houses in the course of export under sub-sec(3) of sec 5 of Central Sales Act
1956.
 List of schedule II part C (tax liability of only 4%) will be expanded to include more items of raw
material, processing material and packaging material.
Energy sector related incentives

Exemption from Electricity Duty for 10 years to new industrial units and to captive power generating
units for own consumption
Investment promotion Scheme
For eligible units, Interest free loan equivalent to VAT and Central Sales Tax paid by industrial units or
10% of the annual turnover whichever is less will be provided for a period of 10 years repayable after 7
years from the date of disbursement.
Capital Interest Subsidy Scheme
Interest on loan taken for plant and machinery by new industrial units set up in Eastern U.P., Central
U.P. and Bundelkhand, will be reimbursed @ 5 percentage points with a ceiling of INR 50 lakh/annum
for a maximum period of 5 years.
For new textile units, interest on loan taken for plant and machinery will be reimbursed @ 5 percentage
points with a ceiling of INR 100 lakh/annum in Eastern U.P., Central U.P. and Bundelkhand and up to INR
50 lakh per annum in Western U.P. for a minimum period of 5 years.
Infrastructure interest subsidy scheme
Interest on loan taken by industrial units for developing infrastructure facilities of self use, such as-road,
sewer, water drainage, power line etc will be reimbursed @ 5percentage points with a ceiling of INR 100
lakh/annum for a maximum period of 5 years.
671
Uttarakhand
The State benefits from the “SPECIAL PACKAGE OF INDUSTRIAL INCENTIVES FOR THE STATES OF
HIMACHAL PRADESH AND UTTARAKHAND.” The extension of this scheme of Central Grant or Subsidy
under Special Package – II for Industrial units in the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand was
effected with a view to accelerating the industrial development in these States.
All new industrial units and existing industrial units on their substantial expansion would be eligible for
Capital Investment Subsidy @ 15% of investment of Plant & Machinery, subject to a ceiling of Rs. 30
lakh. Micro, Small and Medium enterprises would be eligible for Capital Investment Subsidy @ 15% of
the investment in plant & machinery subject to a ceiling of Rs. 50 lakh. The subsidy will be available for
the duration of the scheme to such units which have pre-registered and commence commercial
production / operation prior to 31-03-2017. Other eligibility parameters and details have been outlined
in the Scheme document.
Himachal Pradesh State Industrial Development Finance Corporation (HPSIDC) and State Industrial
Development Finance Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) shall be the designated agency for
disbursement of Capital Investment Subsidy on the basis of the recommendation of the State
Government in the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand respectively.
West Bengal
Fiscal incentives and Concessions for Investment under Scale-1 (Rs 10-100 Crore FCI): The total
incentives under all heads shall not be more than 100% of FCI.
Industrial Promotion Assistance (IPA)
Industrial units under certain geographical areas (specifically under Group B, C & D and falling in the
Scale 1 (Scale 1 being defined as Rs 10-100 Crore Fixed Capital Investment) will be granted Industrial
Promotion Assistance (IPA). The total IPA for which an industrial unit would be eligible shall be
equivalent to certain percentage of the tax paid by the unit in the previous year. Value Added Tax (VAT)
shall be considered for the entire eligible period. However, Central Sales Tax (CST) shall be considered
for the first three years from the Commencement of Commercial Production as certified by DI. IPA
would be admissible for a number of years as given below and upto75% of the Fixed Capital Investment
by the industry, whichever is reached earlier.
Exhibit 434: IPA classification for West Bengal
Areas IPA for number of years Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8
B&C 8 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80%
D 8 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90%
672
Industrial units under certain geographical areas (specifically under Group B, C & D and falling in the
Scale 2 (Scale 2 being defined as Fixed Capital Investment above Rs 100 Crore and up to 500 Crore) will
be granted Industrial Promotion Assistance (IPA) as described below.
Industrial units under Group B, Group C and Group D falling in the scales of 2, 3 & 4 will be granted
Industrial Promotion Assistance (IPA). The IPA for which an industrial unit would be eligible shall be
equivalent to certain percentage of the tax paid by the unit in the previous year. Value Added Tax (VAT)
shall be considered for the entire eligible period. However, Central Sales Tax (CST) shall be considered
for the first three years from the Commencement of Commercial Production as certified by DI. IPA
would be admissible for a number of years as given below and up to 75% of the Fixed Capital Investment
by the industry, whichever is reached earlier.
IPA for Scale 2 (Fixed Capital Investment above Rs 100 Crore and up to 500 Crore)
Exhibit 435: IPA benefits - scale 2 by West Bengal Govt.
Areas IPA for number of years Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9
B&C 9 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80%
D 9 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90%
Anchor unit subsidy of Rs. 100 lakh shall be offered for the first two manufacturing enterprises with
minimum employment of 100 members and minimum investment of Rs. 50 Crore in each of the Sub-
Divisions coming in Groups- B, C & D will be offered. This subsidy will be applicable only in areas where
no industrial enterprises with investment of Rs. 50 Crore and above exist at present.
The following industries will get Additional Incentive as mentioned below, for certain duration, besides
the normal incentive admissible in the respective Area (A/B/C/D) and Scales (1/2/3/4).
• Garments manufacturing & Hosiery (stitching and sewing with no dyeing and affluent generating
component)
• Gems and Jewellery
• Handicrafts
• Agro & Food Processing
• Jute & Textiles
• Leather (In the Calcutta Leather Complex)
• HPL Downstream Projects
673
Tax holidays also have been proposed to incentivize the spatial distribution of industries to all the
districts of the state and especially in North Bengal and Jangal Mahal districts. The Tax Holiday will be
admissible from the date of actual start of production by the industry.
In its Textile Policy namely West Bengal Textile Policy-2013-2018 that shall come into effect on and from
the 1 September 2013 in the whole of West Bengal and remain valid for the period ending on 31st
March, 2018.
A mega Power loom Park with common facilities centre (CFC) to be set up by the State Govt. on PPP
model. Adequate pre and post machineries will be installed for the Power loom weavers of the State
apart from minimum 200 hi-tech power looms. It also announces a slew of fiscal incentives for MSME
enterprises depending on different zones.
The summary of different schemes available in the above mentioned states is as shown:
Exhibit 436: Policy incentive summary – All Indian states

State Credit linked Credit linked Common Re-imbursement
capital subsidy interest subsidy infrastructure of costs
development
Madhya Pradesh 15% in all districts 5% - 20% Upton 50 – 75%
for eligible micro depending on adjusted against
and small district for eligible conditions for VAT
enterprises MSME and CST for LMI
Chhattisgarh 30% - 35% with 25% - 75% for Target an apparel
upper cap MSME depending industrial park
depending on upon industry and
scale and district district
Arunachal 15%-30% as per 3% as per 100% Income Tax
Pradesh NEIIP_2007 NEIIP_2007 and exemption will
Central Working continue under
Interest Subsidy NEIIPP, 2007 as
Scheme was available
under NEIP, 1997
Assam 15%-30% as per 3% as per VAT exemption up
NEIIP_2007 NEIIP_2007 to 90%-200% of
fixed capital
investment
Bihar Rs 5 Cr – 30 Cr of 25% - 80% VAT
subsidy depending reimbursement
upon value of subject to
investment conditions
Goa VAT rebate with
upper limit of 25%
of VAT/CST
payable during the
year
674

development
Himachal Pradesh 15% of investment
of Plant &
Machinery,
subject to a ceiling
of Rs. 30 lakh for
eligible units
Jammu and Upton 15% to max 3% on working
Kashmir of Rs 30 Lakh capital loan,10
depending on years depending
location on location and
production
Jharkhand Industrial units under specified category 50% of cost, up to 50% of the NET
will be facilitated access to existing maximum Rs 10 VAT paid per
schemes of Govt. of India such as (i) crore, incurred on annum up to a
Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme development of maximum of 75%
(TUFS) (ii) Scheme for Integrated Textile common of total fixed
Parks (SITP) (iii) Scheme for Integrated infrastructure of capital investment
Skill Development green field textile, with conditions
apparel park
Kerala High level Council
to facilitate Mega
Projects
Manipur 30% to eligible 4% per annum on 99% - 200% tax
units term loan to exemption for 7
maximum of years depending
Rs.40,000/- (forty upon category
thousand)per
month and 3% on
working capital for
eligible units
Meghalaya 30% of fixed 99 % Sales Tax
capital investment (MVAT)/CST
to max. of remission subject
Rs.100.00 lakh for to eligibility and
medium, large and conditions
bigger enterprises
Mizoram 15%-30% to max 3% as per 100% Income Tax
of Rs 30 Lakh as NEIIP_2007 exemption for 10
per NEIIP_2007 working capital years from date of
loans for a period commercial
of ten year production
Nagaland 15%-30% to max 3% as per 100% Income Tax
of Rs 30 Lakh as NEIIP_2007 exemption for 10
per NEIIP_2007 working capital years from date of
675

development
loans for a period commercial
of ten year production
Orissa 7% per annum on 100% of VAT paid
term loan for 5 for a period of five
years from date of (5) years from the
commencement of date of
production to commencement of
max. of Rs 2 Crore production and
for priority sector 100% CST
reimbursement of
for priority sector
Punjab Upton 80% VAT+
75% CST
depending upon
location and scale
of investment with
cap @ 50% FCI
Sikkim 15%-30% to max 3% as per 100% Income Tax
of Rs 30 Lakh as NEIIP_2007 exemption for 10 -
per NEIIP_2007 working capital 12 years from date
loans for a period of commercial
of ten year production; VAT
be deferred for
10-12 years
subject to
conditions
Tamil Nadu new /expansion Soft loan equal to
manufacturing VAT paid in the
units will be given First 3 - 4 years
back ended capital from start of
subsidy (0.3- 2.25 commercial
Crore )and production for
electricity tax Investments made
exemption(2 – 5 below Rs.200
years) subject to Crore
investment scale
Tripura 30% (with 3% of the term Net amount (net
additional subsidy loans to max of of input taxes) to
@2.5% to ST, SC Rs.1.50 lakh given the State
and Women to eligible Government on
Enterprises), to enterprise for 5 sale of finished
max of Rs.50 Lakh years from the goods, subject to
and conditions date of overall ceiling of
commercial Rs.50 lakh for 5
676

development
production years from the
date of
commercial
production
Uttar Pradesh Interest on loan For eligible units, Interest on loan
for capex @ 5 Interest free loan taken by industries
percentage points equivalent to least developing
with a ceiling of of VAT+CST or infrastructure for
INR 50 10% of the annual self use, such as-
lakh/annum, for a turnover for 10 road, etc will be
maximum period years repayable reimbursed @ 5
of 5 years subject after 7 years from percentage points
to location. For the date of with ceiling of INR
new textile units, disbursement 100 lakh/annum
cap may be 100 for a maximum
Lakh with period of 5 years
conditions
Uttarakhand 15% of investment
of Plant &
Machinery,
subject to a ceiling
of Rs. 30 lakh for
eligible units
West Bengal Assistance Anchor unit
Upto75% of the subsidy of Rs. 100
Fixed Capital lakh with
Investment conditions
depending upon
scale and location
State policies and IMaCS analysis
Taxation on technical textile products across states

In addition to the policy support, the taxation on technical textiles is also a key factor that impacts an
investor’s decision to set up manufacturing in a particular state. While most states have conform to a
Value Addition Tax (VAT) rate of 4% for most of the technical textile products like non woven, coated
fabrics, ready made garments, imported technical textiles, belting, etc. In addition, few states -
Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka charge 5% VAT on technical textile products.
677
Duty Drawback structure for Technical textiles
For export promotion, the Central government has the duty drawback scheme run by Department of
revenues, for re-imbursement of import duties paid for manufacturing of export products. Segment wise
duty drawback structure is inducated in the following exhibit.
Exhibit 437: Duty drawback rates - 2013-14
Duty Drawback Duty Drawback when
HS code 4
Segment Product when CENVAT has CENVAT has been
digit level
not been availed availed
Agrotech
Agrotech Shade nets 3923 7.20% 1.90%
3924 7.20% 1.90%
1.9%
3926 7.20% 3.3% for nylon nets
7.2% for grey fabric
6005 7.7% for dyed 3.10%
1.9%
Mulch Mats 3926 7.20% 3.3% for nylon nets
Anti bird & anti hail
nets 5607 8.60% 1.90%
1.9%
Crop covers 3926 7.20% 3.3% for nylon nets
5603 8.60% 1.90%
Fishing nets 5607 9.20% 3.40%
5608 9.20% 3.40%
Baby daipers, Adult
daipers & Sanitary
Meditech napkins 4818 1.70% 1.70%
8.6% for MMF 1.9% - for MMF
Surgical disposables 5603 3% for cotton 1.7% for cotton
7.6% for cotton 1.7% for cotton
8.9% for blended 2.2% for blended
6210 10.2% for MMF 2.6% for MMF
6307 9.2% for MMF 1.1% for MMF
Surgical sutures 3006 1.70% 1.70%
3908 1.70% 1.70%
4015 1.70% 1.70%
5401 10.40% 3%
5402 3% 3%
678

HS code 4
digit level
Surgical dressing 3003 1.90% 1.90%
3005 1.90% 1.90%
3006 1.70% 1.70%
5803 4.30% 1.70%
5810 7.50% 3.10%
Artificial Heart valves,
vascular grafts,
Meshes and tendons
and Kidneys 9018 4.70% 1.70%
9021 4.70% 1.70%
Artifical joints 9018 4.70% 1.70%
9021 4.70% 1.70%
Mobiltech Tyre Cords 5607 9.20% 3.40%
1.7% for rayon 1.7% for rayon
5902 3% for nylon 3% for nylon
Seat belt webbings 5806 7.30% 1.70%
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
5911 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
8708 7.20% 1.70%
Car upholstery 5811 4.30% 1.70%
5903 8.20% 1.90%
9401 4.70% 1.70%
Headliners 5603 8.60% 1.90%
Sun visors 8708 7.20% 1.70%
Air bags 8708 7.20% 1.70%
Aircraft webbings and
upholsetery 4811 3.30% 3.30%
4818 1.70% 1.70%
5403 1.90% 1.90%
7.2% - grey
5407 7.7% - dyed 3%
679

HS code 4
digit level
PP nonwoven sacks,
Packtech Leno bags and fabric 6305 5.40% 1.70%
FIBC 6305 7.20% 1.90%
Soft luugage covers 4202 6.90% 1.70%
1.9% -heassian cloth 1.9% -heassian cloth
Jute hessians 5310 2.6% - sacking 2.6% - sacking
6305 6.10% 1.70%
Tea bag filters 4805 1.70% 1.70%
4823 3.30% 3.30%
Architechtural
Buildtech membranes 3921 3.30% 3.30%
1.9%
Hoarding & Sinages 3919 1.70% 1.70%
3920 7.20% 2.60%
5903 8.20% 1.90%
Canvas tarpaulins 5903 8.20% 1.90%
6306 5.40% 1.70%
HDPE tarpaulins 6306 5.40% 1.70%
7.2% - grey
Awnings & canopies 5407 7.7% - dyed 3.1%
8.4% - grey
5512 8.9% - dyed 3.1%
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
5911 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
Wall coverings 3918 1.70% 1.70%
1.9%
Sportech Sport Composites 9506 6.60% 1.70%
Artifical turf 3918 1.70% 1.70%
5404 1.90% 1.90%
5703 9.10% 1.70%
6702 Nil Nil
680

HS code 4
digit level
Parachute Fabrics & 7.2% - grey
Ballooning fabrics 5407 7.7% - dyed 3%
4.9% - grey
5211 5.4% - dyed 1.30%
8801 1.70% 1.70%
Sleeping bags 9404 9.20% 1.10%
Sport Nets 5607 8.60% 1.90%
5608 9.20% 3.40%
9506 4.70% 1.70%
Sport Shoe 8.6% for MMF 1.9% - for MMF
Component 5603 3% for cotton 1.7% for cotton
5903 8.20% 1.90%
7.2% - grey
Tents 5407 7.7% - dyed 3%
6306 5.40% 1.70%
7.6% - of cotton 1.7% - of cotton
8.9% - of blended 2.2% - blended
Swim wears 6112 10.2% - MMF 2.6% - MMF
6211 10.2% for MMF 2.6% for MMF
Personal protective 8.9% for blended 2.2% for blended
Protech jackets 6210 10.2% for MMF 2.6% for MMF
Fire retardant fabric 6210 10.2% for MMF 2.6% for MMF
Chemical protective 8.9% for blended 2.2% for blended
clothing 6210 10.2% for MMF 2.6% for MMF
Industrial gloves 4015 1.70% 1.70%
4203 6.90% 1.70%
Clothtech Laces & Tapes 5806 7.30% 1.70%
5808 4.30% 1.70%
7.2% - grey
Interlinings 5407 7.7% - dyed 3.1%
8.4% - grey
5512 8.9% - dyed 3.1%
681

HS code 4
digit level
7.0% - grey
5513 7.5% - dyed 3.1%
5603 3% for cotton 1.7% for cotton
5903 8.20% 1.90%
6217 10.2% for MMF 2.6% for MMF
Brass zippers - 2.6% Brass zippers - 2.6%
Zip Fasteners 9607 Others - 1.7% Others - 1.7%
Elastic narrow fabrics 5806 7.30% 1.70%
5808 4.30% 1.70%
7.2% for grey fabric
- MMF 3.1% for grey fabric -
7.7% for dyed - MMF
MMF 3.1% for dyed - MMF
4.9% - grey fab - 1.6% - grey fab -
Cotton & others Cotton & others
5.4% - dyed - cotton 1.6% - dyed - cotton
6002 & others & others
Hook & Loop 1.9%
fasteners 3926 7.20% 3.3% for nylon nets
5806 7.30% 1.70%
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
5906 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
5911 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
Umbrella fabric 5204 3.50% 1.20%
Sewing threads 5204 3.50% 1.20%
5401 10.40% 3.0%
7.3% - MMF
3% - Cotton &
labels 5801 others 1.70%
5806 7.30% 1.70%
5807 4.30% 1.70%
682

HS code 4
digit level
6217 10.2% for MMF 2.6% for MMF
9001 1.70% 1.70%
9002 4.70% 1.70%
9014 4.70% 1.70%
9502 HS code revised HS code revised
9602 1.70% 1.70%
9606 1.70% 1.70%
9608 1.70% 1.70%
Hometech Fibrefill 5503 1.70% 1.70%
Carpet backings 5310 1.70% 1.70%
7.2% - grey
5407 7.7% - dyed 3%
Stuff toys 9502 HS code revised HS code revised
9503 5.20% 1.70%
Blind fabric 3918 1.70% 1.70%
3921 3.30% 3.30%
7.2% - grey
5407 7.7% - dyed 3%
5806 7.30% 1.70%
5903 8.20% 1.90%
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
5907 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
5911 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
6306 5.40% 1.70%
683

HS code 4
digit level
Filter fabrics 5603 3% for cotton 1.7% for cotton
6031
6090
4.4% - grey
Mattresses 5208 4.9% - dyed 1.30%
4.9% - grey
5210 5.4% - dyed 1.30%
Non woven wipes 4818 1.70% 1.70%
Mosquito nets 6304 9.2% for MMF 1.1% for MMF
7.3% - MMF
3% - Cotton &
Furniture fabrics 5801 others 1.70%
5903 8.20% 1.90%
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
5907 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
Geotech Geotextiles 3918 1.70% 1.70%
3920 7.20% 2.60%
3921 3.30% 3.30%
1.9%
5604 6.80% 1.90%
5609 3% 1.70%
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
Indutech Decatising cloth 5911 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
Bolting cloth 5911 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
Absorbent glass 7019 1.70% 1.70%
684

HS code 4
digit level
battery seperators
Cigarette filter rods 5601 3% for cotton 1.7% for cotton
8.4% - grey
Coated abrasives 5512 8.9% - dyed 3.1%
Conveyor belts 4010 3.30% 3.30%
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
5910 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
1.9%
Drive belts 4010 3.30% 3.30%
Computer ribbons 9612 1.70% 1.70%
PCBs 7019 1.70% 1.70%
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
Paper Making fabrics 5911 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
Composites 7019 1.70% 1.70%
Aramids 5402 3% 3%
5505 9.10% 1.70%
Ropes & Cordages 5607 8.60% 1.90%
5608 9.20% 3.40%
8.2% -MMF 1.9% - MMF
Filtration products 5911 4.4% - cotton 1.7% - cotton
Industrial brushes 9603 1.70% 1.70%
Source: IMaCS analysis, www.fieo.org
685
4. Centre of Excellence– A one stop shop for technical textiles

Technical textiles manufacturing calls for conformance to standards (both international and national)
based on the type of product and the nature of application. In India, the testing facilities for technical
textiles are predominantly setup by the Textile Research Associations (TRAs). These facilities ensure
that the products being manufactured meets the requirements of the prescribed standards which will
be carried out at a nominal cost. In addition to these facilities, some of the major manufacturers also
have their own in-house testing facilities required to monitor key production parameters. TRAs face
different Challenges especially the newer COEs face issues such as, Lack of awareness among the end
user industry players and lack of interest from industry players to join hands in institutional and product
development.
Till data a total of nine centres of excellence (COEs) have been established to help develop the technical
textile industry by providing required support for new product development and adequate testing
facilities. The details of these COEs are:
Exhibit 438: COEs present in India
Sl.
No. Centre of excellences District Specialisation
The Synthetic and Art Silk Mills' Research Association
1 (SASMIRA), Mumbai Agrotech & Packtech
2 Bombay Textile Research Association (BTRA) Mumbai Geotech & Oekotech
3 Northern India Textile Research Association (NITRA) Ghaziabad Protech & Mobiltech
4 South India Textile Research Association (SITRA) Coimbatore Meditech
Indutech &
5 PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore Coimbatore Hometech
Non woven &
6 DKTE Society's Textile & Engineering Institute (DKTE) Kolhapur Clothtech
Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association Composites &
7 (ATIRA) Ahmedabad Buildtech
8 Wool Research Association (WRA) Thane Sportech
Coating and
9 Manmade Textile Research Association (MANTRA) Surat lamination, Agrotech
Out of these, five are old COEs having an existence of over four years. These are SASMIRA, BTRA, NITRA,
MANTRA and SITRA. These have well developed labs capable of providing all important testing facilities.
They have also been actively involved in development of standards for different technical textile
products. The details of these facilities are as discussed below:
686
Indian CoEs
SASMIRA – COE for Agrotech

SASMIRA is engaged in multiple activities providing scientific and technical assistance to textile and
allied industries. Some of the activities being carried out are:
 Development of technical textiles
 Product development
 Effluent treatment, water recycling and waste re-utilization
 Development of energy conservative processes
Testing facility at SASMIRA

For technical textiles, SASMIRA provides facilities for testing, evaluation and investigation of products
such as polymer, fibre, yarn, garment and other textile related products. It specializes in testing of
Agrotech products. The facility was up-graded under the TMTT scheme of Government of India and has
the following testing capabilities:
Exhibit 439: Testing facilities at SASMIRA
Sl.
No. Product Sub-product Testing infrastructure
1 Fibre Natural & Synthetic
2 Yarn
Apparel, garment and
3 Fabric Technical textile
Specialization - Agro-textile
Others – Geo-textile,
Mobiltech, Meditech,
4 Technical textile Sportech and Protech
5 Dyes All class Testing on mechanical, chemical
6 Auxiliaries Finishes and coatings and biological parameters along
7 Effluent Dye house and water samples with few analytical parameters
8 Miscellaneous Polymer characterisation wherever applicable
IMaCS analysis
The Agrotech COE testing facilities is equipped with standards of American Standard for Testing and
Materials (ASTM), British Standards (BS), German Institute for Standardisation (DIN), International
Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and European Standards (EN) to cater to the industries needs for
export orders.
687
The Agrotech COE laboratory is accredited with NABL in accordance with international testing standards
ISO/IEC 17025- 2005 for physical and chemical evaluation of textiles. In addition, the laboratory is also
accredited with American Association for Lab Accreditation (A2LA), USA for physical, chemical and
microbiological testing of textiles and allied substrates. The American accreditation is able facilitate the
industry players to export the Agrotech products to USA readily.
Further, to increase international exposure and acceptance of test results and for knowledge sharing,
the COE has entered into foreign collaborations with American Association for Laboratory
Accreditation(A2LA), USA for accredited testing services, Industrial Fabrics Association
International(IFAI), USA for marketing and entrepreneurship in technical textiles, International Jute
Study Group(IJSG), for development of Agro-textile product from natural fibres and Colorado State
University for research and development in Technical Textiles.
The COE is able to cater to the testing needs of most of the Agrotech players ranging from SMEs
including Kusumgar, Polynova to large industry players like Garware, Tata and Johnson.
The detailed lists of equipments available at SASMIRA for testing are:
Exhibit 440: List of Instruments with SASMIRA for testing

National/
Sl.
Equipment Quality parameter to be tested International
No
Standards
Used to measure Stiffness of fabrics. Results are expressed
1 Stiffness Tester in bending length (to calculate flexural rigidity) and bending IS:6490-1971
modulus of fabrics
IS:4681-1981, BS 3086
Crease Recovery
2 Rapid Determination of crease resistance of fabrics - 1972, AATCC - 66-
Tester
1996
Yarn Appearance
3 Inspection of non-uniformity in yarns by visual method ASTM - D2255-1979
Winder
Evaluating of colour - fastness to washing of the dyed and ASTM - D3557, AATCC
4 Launderometer
printed textiles 61-1996, ISO - 105-C06
5 Twist Tester Determination of the direction and amount of twist in yarn ASTM D-1422-1976
6 Crimp Tester To measure the percentage crimp in yarns IS:3442-1980
Preparing leas to determine count and leas strength of the
7 Wrap Reel ASTM - D1578-1983
yarns
Rapid Determination of fastness of dyed and printed textiles IS:766-1988, AATCC -8-
8 Crock Meter
to dry and wet rubbing. 1996, ISO - X12
9 Pilling Tester Rapid determination of pilling of woven or knitted fabrics IS:10971-1984, ICI
688
National/
Sl.
Equipment Quality parameter to be tested International
No
Standards
with soft spun and filament yarns Standards
Determination of water proofness of medium and heavy
Hydrostatic fabrics such as tentage, water bags, tarpaulins etc., as well IS:391-1975, AATCC -
10
Dome/head Tester as the resistance offered by a fabric to water penetration 127-1995, ISO-811
under static pressure
Thermal
Comparing the Thermal Insulation properties of textile Standards of Niven's
11 Conductivity
Materials Hot Plate
Apparatus
Rapid determination of colour-fastness to perspiration of IS:971-1983, AATCC -
12 Perspirometer
dyed and printed textiles 15-1994, ISO-E04
Light Fastness IS 2454-1967BS 1006-
13 Used to measure light fastness of the fabric
Tester 1978AATCC 16-1993
Multilight colour Used to evaluate colour matching for the metameric match
14 BS 950
matching cabinet or isomeric match
UV/Day light lamp Visual assessment of colour under standard light
15 BS 950
viewing cabinet conditioning
Conditioning
16 To condition the fabric samples BS 950
Cabinet
Measuring the water-repellent efficiency of finishes applied IS:390-1975, AATCC -
17 Spray Tester
to the fabric 22-1996, ISO - 4920
Based on HATRA test
Crimp Rigidity
18 To determine the bulking potential of texturised yarns method. ASTM - D4031-
Tester
1981
Source: http://www.sasmira.org/list_of_instrument.html
Association with Promotional schemes

SASMIRA , being the COE for Agrotech has the key responsibility of providing the required technical
support for implementation of the Scheme – “Promoting usage of Agro-textiles in North East Region
(NER)” launched by Ministry of Textiles. The detail of the scheme has been discussed under Part D-
chapter 3 of this report.
689
Research & Development (R&D) at SASMIRA

COE for Agrotech is also being used for development of new products and prototypes, providing
innovation and R &D support to the industry. The key prototypes developed at SASMIRA are shown as
under:
 Reflective ground covers
 Work wear for agro textiles
 Barrier packaging for agro-chemicals.
 Development of speciality fabric for water conservation
 Indigenous development of ultrasonic device(S) for maintenance of weaving accessories
 Application of supercritical fluid for dyeing
 Development of durable, breathable and barrier work wear fabric for agro textile application
 Dyeing of polypropylene using nanotechnology
 Establishing methods for simultaneous functional finishes for textiles
 Development of UV fluorescent yarns
 Development of super absorbent polymer fibre mats
 Development of multi layered bio mat to combat oil spills
 Development of electrically conductive PET/ CNT nano composites films
 Design of Processing Sequence Suitable For Embroidered Fabrics Incorporating Embellishments
All these prototypes are currently under tests and trails to check fitness for commercial use.
Contact information
The contact information for SASMIRA is as follows:
Synthetic and Art Silk Mills' Research Association (SASMIRA)
Worli, Mumbai – 400 030
Ph: +91- 22 -24935351 – 52
Fax: +91 -22 – 24930225
Email: sasmira@vsnl.com
Website: http://www.sasmira.org/
690
MANTRA – COE for Agrotech & Coating and Lamination

Manmade textile Research Association (MANTRA) is a pioneer institute in the filled of manmade textiles.
The institute was set up in 1981 with an aim to develop to promote full-fledged Research and
development in the field of manmade textiles. Currently MANTRA is a support COE for Agrotech while it
is in process of becoming a fully equipped COE for coated and laminated fabrics, the first of its kind in
India.
Testing facility at MANTRA

The testing facilities available at MANTRA are:
Exhibit 441: Testing facility for Agrotech
Sl.
No. Test Equipment
Facilities at COE - Agrotech
1 Testing linear density of fibre Vibrodyne
Permeability of geotextile is tested by passing
different glass bead fractions through the textile using
2 Permeability of textile a hydrodynamic sieve tester
The institute ha film thickness tester which can be
3 Fabric thickness used to test the fabric
The COE is equipped to test horizontal water
4 Water permeability test permeability for different textiles.
The MOCON based water vapour transmission tester
Water vapour permeability available at the COE is capable of testing permeability
5 test through on woven and plastics.
The COE has equipments to test the stability of the
6 Cold crack test fabric at -40 degree Celsius
The Institute has equipment to test the puncture
resistance of soil cover fabrics in accordance with DIN
7 CBR puncture test 54307
The equipments available have capability of testing
both the wind blocking and shading percentage of
8 Tests for shade nets agro-textiles
TABER Dual head rotary resistance tester is capable of
9 Abrasion resistance test testing abrasion resistance even at 60 rpm speed.
The Institute has AOS tester which tests the porosity
10 Soil Cover porosity of the soil cover geo textile fabric
The OUV test equipment measures the weathering
resistance and life of the material by altering UV with
11 Weatherometer moisture.
691
Sl.
No. Test Equipment
Facilities at COE – Coating and laminating
Lenzing Water The institute has LENZING water permeability tester used
1 permeability test to test the permeability of non-woven
Liquid strike through time The institute has equipment – “Lister” used to measure
2 test the strike through permeability for non-woven diapers.
It can conduct test to measure electrical surface
3 Surface resistivity test resistivity for fabric
The test instrument at MANTRA can be used to
determine the air permeability of the fabric up to 200
4 Air Permeability test Pascal pressure
The institute does flammability tests for FR upholstery
5 Flammability test fabrics to measure the flammability of substrates.
It is used to determine the resistance of fabric ,without
6 WIRA spray testing water repellent coating ,to wetting
The COE has infrastructure to test the absorbing power of
WIRA liquid absorbency non woven. It finds application in testing for surgical
7 time test applications
WIRA liquid Absorption The COE can test for liquid absorption capacity of a non
8 capacity test woven fabric
*Source: MANTRA website
Research & Development (R&D) at MANTRA

COE for Coating and Lamination at MANTRA has been actively involved in different research projects.
From its inception till date MANTA has been involved in 28 R&D projects through Ministry of textiles and
has completed a total of 79 research projects through various industrial tie ups and co-operation. The
key researches under technical textiles are:
 Development of multi layer fabric for Sportech
 Development of bag filter fabric from PPS, PTFE and polyester
 Development of PLA coated fabric for packaging of food and medicines, etc
 Development of lightweight bio degradable composites
 Development of sensor fabrics and smart fabrics
 Development of low cost green house cloth from polyester
 Development of anti allergenic fabrics
 Development of high tenacity air texturised tent fabric
 Work wear for agro textiles
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 Barrier packaging for agro-chemicals.

 Application of cost effective technology for re-use of water jet effluent
 Development of fabrics made from PTT yarns
 Development of cost effective filter fabrics for bag filters
 Development of enzymatic technique for weight reduction of polyester
 Development of bio-degradable and recyleable technical textiles from banana yarns
 Development of banana fabrics suitable for extreme cold conditions by plasma technology
 Application of nano technology for delustering of bright polyester fabric
All these prototypes are currently under tests and trails to check fitness for commercial use.
Contact information
The contact information for MANTRA is as follows:
Manmade Textile Research Association (MANTRA)
Near Textile market, Textile exchange
Ring Road
Surat – 395 002
Gujarat
Ph: +91 – 261 – 2323211, 2337062
Fax: +91 – 261 – 2322500
Email: director@mantrasurat.org
Website: http://www.mantrasurat.org/
693
BTRA – COE for Geotech

BTRA is the COE for Geotech segment of technical textiles and is also one of the upgraded COEs. The
testing facilities at BTRA are equipped to handle most of the testing requirements of the industry and
are able to assist entrepreneurs to develop geo-synthetics products indigenously.
Testing facility at BTRA

It is equipped for conducting all types of tests for geo-textiles. Details of the products that can be tested
at BTRA are shown in the exhibit below:
Exhibit 442: Testing facilities at BTRA
Sl.
No. Product Sub-product
1 Geo-textiles
2 Geo-grids
3 Geo-membranes
4 Geo-composites
5 Geo-synthetic clay liners
6 Geo-textiles – woven & Geo-drain
7 non- woven Geo-cell
8 Geo-straps
9 PVD drains
10 Geo-nets
11 Turf reinforcement mats
12 Erosion control blankets
Others
1 Glass composites
2 Metal gabions
3 Rope gabions
4 Rubberised conveyors Heavy duty conveyors
5 Foam PU foam
6 Insulating pads Non woven and rubberised
7 Non-woven
8 Filters Both woven & non woven
9 Waddings Non woven
Reinforced belt for
10 conveyor Steel wire coated with PVC
11 Seat belt and its assembly Car seat belts
12 Webbings Nylon webbings
13 Coated fabrics PVC and Teflon coated and
694
Sl.
No. Product Sub-product
foam laminated
IMaCS analysis,
Further, the Geotech COE testing facilities is equipped with standards of American Standard for Testing
and Materials (ASTM), British Standards (BS), German Institute for Standardisation (DIN), International
Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), INDA, EDANA and European Standards (EN) to cater to the
industries needs for export orders.
The Geotech COE laboratory is accredited with GAI-LAP accreditation for geo-synthetics Institute, USA,
which is one of the most reputed accreditation in the field of geo-synthetics. Further the lab is also
accredited with NABL in accordance with international testing standards ISO/IEC 17025- 2005 for
physical and chemical evaluation of textiles. The American accreditation is able facilitate the industry
players to export the Geotech products to international markets.
Further, to increase international exposure and acceptance of test results and for knowledge sharing,
the COE has entered into foreign collaborations with FITI (Testing Laboratory GRI, USA accredited),
South Korea, and GRI (Geosynthetic Research Institute), USA. The COE is also the member of IGS
(International Geosynthetic Society), USA; European Disposables and Nonwovens Industry Association
(EDANA), Europe and Association of the Nonwoven fabrics industry (INDA), USA.
The COE is able to cater to the testing needs of most of the Geotech players ranging from SMEs
including CTM technical textiles to leading players like TechFab and Strata.
Research & Development (R&D) at BTRA

The COE for Geotech also has also been at the forefront of developing new technologies by supporting
technology’s much needed prototype development. It has installed development facilities for Nonwoven
products (geotextiles & others) by needle punching technology, Nonwoven products (geo-textiles &
others) by Hydro entanglement technology and a development facility for woven geo-textile & other
technical textiles. The major prototypes developed at BTRA are:
 Non-woven geo-textiles: This has been developed and tested in both laboratory environment
and commercial environment. It has been commercialised and is actively being used by industry
players to provide geo-textile solutions.
 Woven geo-textile: The woven geo-textile being developed by BTRA has been developed and
tested. However, commercial production of the same
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 Woven geo-textile: BTRA is also in process of developing a woven geo-textile which is currently
under development.
Other than these other research activities undertaken at BTRA are:
 Plasma technology for textile processing
 Development of methods for testing formaldehyde content in textiles
 Development of textile finishing agents using chitosan
 Enhancing properties of conductive textiles using atmospheric pressure plasma technology
Contact information
The contact information for BTRA is as follows:
Bombay Textile Research Association (BTRA)
Lal Bahadur Shashtri Marg
Ghatkopar (W)
Mumbai – 400 086
Maharashtra
Ph: +91 – 22 – 25003651
Fax: +91 – 261 – 25000049
Email: btra@vsnl.com
Website: www.btraIndia.com
696
SITRA – COE for Meditech

SITRA is the COE for Meditech segment of technical textiles and is also one of the upgraded COEs. The
testing facilities at SITRA are equipped to handle vast range of testing requirements of the industry and
are able to assist entrepreneurs to develop wide range of products indigenously for import substitution.
Testing facility
The Meditech COE testing facilities is equipped with standards of American Standard for Testing and
Materials (ASTM), British Standards (BS), German Institute for Standardisation (DIN), International
Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), Australian Standards and European Standards (EN) to cater to
the industries needs for export orders.
The Meditech COE laboratory is accredited with NABL in accordance with international testing standards
ISO/IEC 17025- 2005 for physical and chemical evaluation of textiles. Moreover, the COE has entered
into collaboration with The University of Bolton, United Kingdom. This would also facilitate co-operation
and exchange in research findings / research dissemination and staff deputation and training. Also, a
Memorandum of Understanding proposal with North Carolina State University, USA is under process.
Once signed, this will open up possibilities for joint research programmes to be conducted in the field of
Meditech
The COE is able to cater to the testing needs of most of the Meditech players ranging from SMEs
including Nobel Hygiene, to leading players like KOB Medical Textiles and 3M.
Research & Development (R&D) at SITRA

The COE actively engages in furthering the cause of innovation both at technology and product level. In
this respect, the COE with regards to developing innovative products and prototypes has exceeded its
targets by developing nine prototypes up till now. It has been able to do so drawing on its own facilities
set up for this purpose. The different prototypes being developed at SITRA are:
 Bifurcated Vascular Graft
 3D Compression bandages for Lymphedema
 Spun-lace non-woven wound dressings for malodour wounds
 Breathable Surgical gowns treated with Nano Finishes
 Barbed - Bi-directional Surgical Sutures
 Development of 4-layered Face-Mask
 Development of Face Mask with Eye-Guard
 Development of Face Mask with Nylon 6-nanomembrane
697
 Development of 8-layered mopping pad

 Development of spacer fabric for medical inlay sin orthopaedic shoes
 Development of cut resistant technical textiles using spectra fibres
 Development of spun silk garments made of hollow yarn
 Controlled drug release on chitosan coated cotton gauze
 Design and fabrication of an instrument to assess the resistance of materials used in medical
face masks to penetration against aerosol particles using latex spheres
 Development of special wound care dressing made of PVA/ chitosan and PVA/silver nitrate nano
membrane
The COE is also running an incubation centre for the support of the emerging entrepreneurs. Till data
COE has rolled out two products from its incubation centre – Ankle support and Gynae post Partum
drape.
Contact information
The contact information for SITRA is as follows:
South India Textile Research Association (SITRA)
13/37, Avinashi Road,
Coimbatore Aerodrome Post
Coimbatore – 641 014
Ph: +91- 422 -2574367-9, 4215333
Fax: +91 -422 – 2571896, 4215300
Email: info@sitra.org.in
Website: http://www.sitra.org.in/
698
NITRA – COE for Protech

NITRA is the COE for Protech segment of technical textiles and is also one of the upgraded COEs. The
testing facilities at NITRA are equipped to handle most of the testing requirements of the industry and
are able to assist entrepreneurs in testing and developing protective textiles indigenously.
Testing facility at NITRA

The COEs is equipped to test the products including Protective Garments, Carpets, FR overall, Combat
Uniforms, Upholstery.
Further, the Protech COE testing facilities is equipped with standards of American Standard for Testing
and Materials (ASTM), British Standards (BS), German Institute for Standardisation (DIN), International
Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), Australian Standards and European Standards (EN) to cater to
the industries needs for export orders.
The testing laboratory is NABL accredited as per ISO/IEC 17025- 2005 standards and supports testing of
various product groups spanning yarn, fibre, yarn and fabric. To keep pace with the world developments
in technological advances in technical textiles the COE has fostered collaborations with Bolton University
and Manchester Metropolitan University to enhance its acumen in Research and Development,
Consultancy and training.
The COE is able to cater to the testing needs of most of the Protech players ranging from large industry
players including Arvind Mills, Alok Industries, Ginni Filament to Defence organisations and SMEs
including Dynamic industries, Superior Fabrics etc.
Research & Development (R&D) at NITRA

The COE actively engages in furthering the cause of innovation both at technology and product level.
The COE has developed six prototypes up till now. These are:
 Fabric using High Modulus Polyethylene (HMPE) fibre for armour
 Fabric using corn fibres
 Cut resistance and abraision resistant gloves and apparels using composite metallic yarns
 Protective clothing of anti-microbial fibres
 Technology for ultrasonic cleaning of garments
 Nylon Cotton Blended fabric (NYCO) for use by defence and para-military forces
 Development of personal protective textile using novel fibre
 Development of special functional fabric for bedding and sportwear for providing extra ordinary
comfort with excellent micro climate
699
 Development of shield of corn fabric for enhanced fire protection

In addition to these four new COEs were created in the span of last five years. The details of the same
are:
Contact information
The contact information is as follows:
Northern India Textile Research Association (NITRA)
Sector – 23, Raj Nagar,
Ghaziabad – 201 002
Uttar Pradesh
Ph: +91 – 120 – 2786434
Fax: +91 – 120- 2783596
Email: mail@nitratextile.org
Website: www.nitratextile.org
700
ATIRA – COE for Composites

ATIRA is the COE for Composite materials. It is a process focussed COE and is one of the newly formed
COEs. The testing facility at ATIRA is under development with installation and commissioning of most of
the equipment being completed
The COE is equipped to test product segments including CFRP/GRP/Thermoplastic composites/Plastics.
Further, the Composite COE testing facilities is equipped with standards of American Standard for
Testing and Materials (ASTM), and International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), to cater to the
industries needs.
The Composite COE laboratory is in the process of getting accreditation from NABL in accordance with
international testing standards ISO/IEC 17025- 2005 and also from American Association for Lab
Accreditation (A2LA). Moreover, the COE has entered into collaboration with North West Composites
Centre, Manchester, U.K. for Testing, Accreditation, Affiliation & knowledge support in Composites
Testing. Also, it is in talks with Fraunhofer Institute, ICT, Germany for collaboration in the areas of
advancements with design, simulation analysis and prototyping of composites.
Newer facilities added at the COE have been mentioned below:
Testing and evaluation facilities

Testing & Evaluation facilities are fully operational and the laboratories have started serving the
composites and allied industries:-
 Mechanical Testing Laboratory – Provides testing services for all the mechanical parameters
including Fatigue as per the national and international standards namely, IS, ASTM, and ISO. The
testing services include testing of coupon as well as of full sections of composite structural
components. This testing facility is NABL accredited. So far the laboratory has served more than 50
industrial clients including MNCs and several foreign clients.
 Heat and Flame Protection Testing Laboratory – Provides testing facilities for any composite
materials and components specifically composite and allied components and items used in Railways
as per the well accepted global standard: EN 45545. The laboratory is serving the industry for last six
months and has applied for NABL accreditation.
Incubation Centre and Prototyping Facilities at ATIRA:
Weaving, Braiding – Preforming Facilities
 Commercial scale warping and weaving facilities for Glass, Aramid and Carbon – serving industry
for over last 1 year.
701
 Narrow Loom weaving/performing facilities, specifically for rope-like and belt-like weaved
structure using aramid, glass, high tenacity PE etc. – Prototyping & Developmental activities for
last one year
 176 Carrier- Radial Braiding-Preforming Facility – Facility for braiding of Carbon, specifically 50K
Carbon is under procurement
Composite Processing Facility-

Pultrusion Technology - A unique commercial scale facility for pultrusion using different types of resins
including PU resin system and with Circular winding facilities – Serving the industry for over last six
months.
Infusion Technology -This facility has been created specifically for serving wind mill blade production
sector.
Research and Development

 Development of a novel rotating ring system to achieve breakthrough in existing modern ring
frame productivity, yarn quality and power consumption
 Design and development of electronic precision alignment aids for a modern card to improve
yarn quality
 Enhancement of Cotton seed oil recovery adopting German PEFT Technology.
 Spinning of Fire retardant fibre blends on cotton system
 Indigenous development of automatic multilayer garment cutting machine
 To evolve construction related design as well as environmental design parameters for both
woven and non-woven geosynthetics
 Bio Preparation technology: Enhanced sustainability in cotton and cotton containing textile
processing
 Development of protective textiles for protection against electromagnetic radiations
 Textile Dyeing: An effort towards sustainable and cleaner eco-friendly technology
 Development of Nano-Fiber Based Textiles
702
Contact information
The contact information for ATIRA is as follows:
Ahmedabad Textile Research Association (ATIRA)
P.O Ambadvari, Vistar
Ahmedabad - 380 015
Gujarat
Ph: +91 – 79 – 26307921, 26307922
Fax: +91 – 79 – 26304677
Email: director@atira.in
Website: www.atira.in
703
DKTE Society’s textile and Engineering Institute – COE for Non woven
DKTE Centre of Excellence for Non-woven; a process/ technology focussed CoE and is one of the newly
formed CoE’s. DKTE CoE has made noteworthy progress as regards to the establishment of all necessary
facilities at one place and catering to the needs of the technical textile & nonwoven industry by
providing all necessary services like Training, Technical consultancy, testing services, Information
resource centre, Incubation centre, Product/Prototype development facility.
Testing facility at DKTE COE Nonwovens
COE laboratory is well equipped with all necessary modern testing instruments for the testing of raw
materials (Fibres), nonwovens and technical textile products, which complies with standards of
American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM), European Standards (EN) and International
Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), WSP test methods to cater the needs of industry. The non-woven
COE laboratory is fully functional & in the process of getting accreditation from NABL in accordance with
international testing standards ISO/IEC 17025 - 2005 and also from American Association for Lab
Accreditation (A2LA).
List of testing instruments available at DKTE COE Nonwovens

Exhibit 443: Texting facilities at DKTE CoE for Non woven
Sl.no Testing equipment Test Test Standard

1 GSM Tester Mass per unit area of fabric IS 15891 Part 1 : 2011
( SDL Atlas, Hong Kong) (Nonwoven, Woven, WSP 130.1.R4 (12)
Knitted)
2 Digital Bursting Strength Bursting strength and ASTM D3786; BS 3424(PT6);
Tester distension at burst of ISO 13938-1, ISO 3303-2 ;
Autoburst M229(SDL woven, knitted and ERT 80-4-20; EN 12332-2 ;
Atlas, Hong Kong) nonwoven fabrics, papers WSP 030.1.R3 (12)
and boards
3 Digital Thickness Tester Thickness of fabric IS 15891 Part 2 : 2011
(SDL Atlas, Hong Kong) ISO9073-2:1995, WSP
120.1.R4
4 Water Repellency Tester- Water Repellency of fabric ISO 9865, NF G 07-058
Bundesmann M 230
( SDL Atlas, Hong Kong)
5 Microscope With Physical identification of AATCC 20
Microtome fibres
Pyser SGI, XE Series
(WIRA, UK)
704
6 Limiting Oxygen Index Limiting oxygen index of ASTM D 2863, ISO 4589 Part
(LOI) Tester (Gov Mark, textiles 2
USA) BS2782Part1, Method 141,
NFT 51-071
7 Pore Size Analyser/ Pore Size of fabrics ASTM E 1294-89
Capillary Flow Porometer ASTM F316-03
CFP 1300 AE (PMI, USA)
8 UV Accelerated UV degradation for fabrics AATCC 186-2009
Weathering Tester (Q ASTM D 3105, ASTM D 5019
LAB, USA)
9 Linear Density & Fibre Testing of linear density, BISFA,ASTM, ISO
Crimp (FaviMat, crimp and tensile properties
Textechno, Germany) of fibre
10 Air Permeability Tester Air Permeability of fabric AFNOR G 07-111, WSP
( Textest Instruments AG, 070.1.R3 (12) EDANA 141.1,
Switzerland) EN ISO 9237
11 Water Vapour Water vapour transmitivity ASTM E96, BS 3’177, DIN
Transmission Rate Tester of textiles 52’615, DIN 53’122-1, EN
Gravitest FX 3150 1’931, EN ISO 12’572, ISO
( Textest, Switzerland) 2’528, JIS L1099 Method A
12 Non Woven Orientation MD:CD ratio, fibre In house Method
NOS-200 ( Lenzing, distribution in nonwoven
Austria)
13 Liquid Strike Through & Strike Through time for Liq. strike-through time by
Wet Back, LISTER AC ( Liquid (or simulated urine) EDANA/INDA-standards WSP
Lenzing, Austria) and Wet Back of nonwoven 70.3, Wet back by
coverstock fabrics for EDANA/INDA
diapers. standards WSP 80.10
14 Thermal Conductivity Thermal Conductivity of ASTM D-1518-11a
Tester textiles like fabric, foam etc.
(Lasercomp, USA)
15 Digital Tearing Strength Tearing Strength of fabric EN ISO 13937-1 EN ISO 4674-
Tester Elmatic ( Mesdan, 2 (coated fabrics) ASTM D
Italy) 1424 ASTM D 751 (coated
fabrics) EN ISO 21974 ISO
1974 ISO 9290 ASTM D5734
(non-wovens)
16 Hydrostatic Water Head Hydrostatic Water Head EN ISO 20811, DIN 53886,
Tester (Mesdan, Italy) testing AFNOR G-07 057, ISO 811,
BS 32823, BS EN 3321, BS EN
3424, AATCC 127
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17 Gradient Ratio To test the Filter/clogging

Test ASTM D 5101 Soil / Geo-
Apparatus ( BT TECH, characteristics of textile Gradient Ratio
USA) geotextiles Permeameter
18 Water To test the Transmissivity
Transmittivity ASTM D 4716-87
Tester (in-plane flow)
( BT TECH, USA) Characteristics of geo-
synthetic Drainage material
profiles
19 Tensile strength of Yarns, Fabric (Woven/ IS 15891 (Part 3) : 2011
Textiles Knitted) Nonwoven, ISO9073-3:1989
Instron-5967 ( Instron, Geotextiles, Composites
USA)
20 Direct Shear Box Soil /Geo-synthetic IS:11229,2720(PART13)
(AIMIL, India) interaction (Coefficient of
direct sliding )
21 Digital pH Meter pH of aqueous extract IS : 1390 , ISO-3071, AATCC-
81
22 Viscometer Viscosity of fluids and In house Method
RVDV-II+ Pro (Brookfield, Polymers
USA)
Incubation Centre and Prototyping Facilities at DKTE COE Nonwovens

For Product/ Prototype development DKTE COE has a 2.0 meters wide needle punching line from one of
the best machine manufacturer i.e. Truetzschler Nonwovens, Germany, Hot calendar and Thermal
Bonding line from Yamuna Machine Works Ltd., India. Also, COE have plans to buy other nonwoven
manufacturing technologies & finishing technologies like Spunlace, Chemical bonding, SMS line, Coating
and Lamination line, fibre retrieving lines in industrial width to complete their infrastructure for
prototyping and incubation.
Moreover, for R&D, product/prototype development, training etc. COE has entered into collaboration
with international institutions like Hochschule Niederrhein University, Germany & Technical University
of Liberec for joint research in Nonwovens. Also, it is in talks with RWTH Aachen University, Germany for
product development & standardisation in the area of Nonwovens.
Research & Development (R&D) at COE

The COE is actively involved in research and development. It has developed many products/prototypes
some of these are,
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 Filter Fabric for recycling of Textile Effluent

 Development of Solar based water purifier by using nonwoven fabrics.
 Nonwoven for reinforcement of Insulation panels of ducting by using glass fibre (product has been
commercialised)
 Antimicrobial cum antistatic wipes
 Nonwoven shoe cover
 Geo bags (product has been commercialised)
 Filter fabric (air filtration, water filtration)
 Automotive Fabric
 Nonwoven for Sewage and drainage application (product has been Commercialised)
 Activated carbon based nonwoven for filtration (For water purification, chlorine removal)
 Sludge Dewatering filter bag (product has been commercialised)
 Nonwoven interlining (product has been commercialised)
 Nonwoven needle punched fabric for quilt.
Contact information
DKTES's Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji
‘Rajwada', P Box No. 130, Ichalkaranji
Tal: Hatkanangle, Dt. Kolhapur – 416 115 (MS) India
Tel: +91 230 2421300, 2437316, 2437317 Fax. +91 230 242329
Email: dktecoe@gmail.com; Web: www.dktecoenonwovens.in
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PSG College of Technology – COE for Indutech

PSG is the COE for Indutech and is a more recently established COE. This being the case the testing
facility is yet to acquire all its equipment after which the laboratory shall be duly accredited with
suitable accreditations.
Testing facility at COE

The testing facility at the COE shall be providing testing services for normal and speciality fibres, natural
and synthetic yarn, natural and synthetic fabrics, natural and synthetic Nonwovens, natural and
synthetic ropes and cordages.
The COE is already in talks with universities such as Bolton Tech University, U.K., ITA, RWTH, Aachen
University (Industrial Textiles and Composites), ITV, Denkendorf, Germany (Braiding), Hof, University
Germany (Automotive Textiles) and Carborundum Universal, India (Industrial Abrasives) for
collaborations.
Research & Development (R&D) at COE

The COE is actively involved in research and development. It is in process of developing two prototypes
for use in Indutech. These are:
 Oil Absorption pads – Testing in progress
 Acoustics materials – Under development
Contact information
PSG college of Technology – COE for Indutech
Department of Textile Technology
Metallurgy and Foundry Division campus
Neelambur
Coimbatore – 641 062
Tamil Nadu
Ph: +91 – 422 – 2572177
Email: psgIndutech@gmail.com, psgIndutech@gapps.pgtech.ac.in
Website: http://www.psgtech.edu/coeIndutech/
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Wool Research Association (WRA) – COE for Sportech
WRA is engaged in industrial and fundamental research predominantly in the field of wool technology.
The association renders its services to its members and non-members from textile industry, defence,
customs, railways, state transports and other authorities in areas of product development, process
development, testing and training.
Wool Research Association (WRA) has engaged itself in the development of technical textiles over the
last two decades. It has foreseen the significance of this emerging technology. It had also undertaken a
few sponsored projects relating to Sportech, Indutech, Mobiltech, etc. Of late Sportech products have
assumed added significance for the following factors:
 Increased activities and participation in sports in the country.
o Availability of high performance fibres, new technologies of coatings and manufacturing.
 Higher level of sports standard and challenges within sporting nations.
 Newer sports requiring high dexterity, skill and sporting gears.
 New interest of the youth for outdoor activities and leisure.
 Growth of sports facility in the country.
Testing facility at WRA

The COE is in the process of procuring equipment for its testing and prototype facility. Further, the COE
is also in the midst of procuring books and standards to enable information access to the industry
stakeholders.
The COE is in the process of selection of leading international institutions regarding technical
consultancy and collaboration. The institutions are:
 North Carolina State University
 RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
 Trigon UK
Research & Development (R&D) at WRA

The COE is actively involved in research and development and has done 15 researches for the technical
textile industry. The key R&D projects being done at the COE are:
 Non asbestos abrasive yarns for braids used as insulating material in lifting pumps
 100% carbon woven fabrics for high heat resistance applications up to 1200’ C
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 Wool based flame retardant fabrics

 To develop a smart indigenous sleeping bag with heating property
 Design and development of high performance, Multifunctional, Protective Sportswear for
various sports
 Development of water proof breathable sportswear with desired functional properties by eco-
friendly water based coating techniques
 Development of thermal responsive high altitude multi layer protective clothing made
principally of angora fibre.
 Ultra sound assisted scouring and smooth finishing of wool & other specialty animal fibres and
their products
 Development of composites from coarse Indian wool for better utilisation
 Surface topographical finishing of Indian wools and their products for imparting multiple
functional propoerties by utilising nano clay and ceramic inorganic powders with ultrasonic and
plasma technology
 To develop a multi functional finish with anti bacterial , deodorant, shrink resistant, and
improved dyeing properties by grafting with chitosen biopolymer for apparel grade woollen
products
 To impart super wash properties to Indian wool & products through eco-friendly non-corrosive
technique using plasma technology
 Enhancement of flame retardancy and soil repellence of wool through plasma technology
 Design and Development of Interior Textiles with special emphasis on heat resistance and flame
retardancy
Accreditation agencies
It is necessary to obtain certain accreditations for the technical textile products manufactured in India to
enable exports of the same to other countries as well as meet the necessary standards prescribed within
India. The various accreditations and agencies are listed below:
 ISO 17025 – National Accreditation Board for Laboratories,
 ISO 9000 – International Standards Organization,
 National Association of Testing Authorities(NATA), Australia,
 Standards Council of Canada,
 Japan accreditation board for conformity assessment,
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 International Accreditation Japan,

 United Kingdom accreditation system,
 International accreditation service,
 American association of laboratories accreditation,
 National voluntary laboratories accreditation program,
 German accreditation system for testing,
 Comite francais d’ accreditation(COFRAC),
 Deutscher akkreditierungs rat(DAR),
 Raad Voor accreditatie(RVA)
Contact information
Wool Research Association (WRA)
P.O – Sandoz Baug, Kolshet Road
Thane – 400 607
Maharashtra
Ph: +91 – 22 – 25314294
Fax: +91 – 22- 25868365
Email: wra@wraIndia.com
Website: www.wraIndia.com
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Profiles of Centres of Excellence in other Countries
There are more than 26 Centres of Excellences (CoEs) of high repute for textile and technical textile
across the world. This section provides an introduction to these centres of excellences and also
identifies the key learning based on the functioning, set up and operation of these CoEs capture special
and unique features of these institutions pertinent to technical textiles industry.
We first introduce the institutions we have studied to understand their unique features and then
capture the key learning in the subsequent section.
Institution Profile for CoEs
CoEs in Europe
Instituto Tecnologico Textil (AITEX), Spain

Instituto Tecnologico Textil (AITEX), Spain is a non profit making association formed by the Valencian
Government through the valencian Insititute for Small and Medium sized Industries (IMPIVA) in 1985. It
is a non profit making association having textile and textile related companies as members. AITEX
cconducts activities to improve a textile company’s competitiveness, promotes modernization activities
for textiles and, Introduces new technologies and improvement of the company and products quality
and prepares all kinds of actions and services that contribute to the progress of the sector at industrial
level. It is managed by a governing body, which is formed by approval of IMPIVA and the Science and
Technology Interministerial Commission. It has team strength of 141 researchers and technicians and
has close to 950 companies as its member. The Institute is actively involved in research having
developed 14 patents and running 181 R&D projects.
Non woven Research and Innovation Institute (NIRI), U.K

NIRI was formed as a University of Leeds spinout company in 2005. NIRI is nonwoven material specialist
organization which helps organizations to develop commercially-viable nonwoven fabrics and products.
It was formed with the aim to manage the growing portfolio of confidential industrial projects, product
development initiatives and technology transfer projects working in partnership with the global
nonwovens industry supply chain. It is currently involved in improving the performance of existing
nonwoven components and developing completely new non-woven materials. The team consists of
leading nonwoven specialists having thorough knowledge of nonwovens. The focus area of NIRI is on the
sectors of automobiles, wipes, medical and geo textiles, filtration, hygiene products, aeronautical
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applications, apparels and sustainable materials. NIRI is actively involved in providing testing services
and providing consultancy services and partnerships for research and development.
British Textile and Technology Group (BTTG), North England

BTTG was established in 1989 by merger of Shirley Institute and Wool Industry Research Association. It
has been involved in testing, certification and consultancy services. It is accredited to ISO/IEC
17025:2005. The Institute has two major divisions –
 BTTG Testing & Certification which specialises in the testing and Certification of Personal
Protective Equipment, Geosynthetics, Floor coverings and other construction products. It also
offers Certification to EU Directives
 Shirley Technologies provides a broad range of services to the traditional apparel sector. It
specialises in chemical testing and provides certification for the Oeko-tex scheme.
The Institute helps manufacturers to attain a CE mark for Personal protective products for attaining
salability in Europe. The Institute also has presence in China, India and Pakistan.
Technology Research Institute (TRI), USA

TRI is an Independent third party geosynthetics firm, which also provides geosynthetic testing, and
research services. It is provides routine index testing in accordance with ASTM, ISO, BS, DIN and GRI test
methods and also advanced standardized interface friction, permeability, creep and stress-rupture,
transmissivity, gradient ratio, UV-resistance, chemical resistance, and accelerated time-temperature
creep and stress rupture testing. The Institute is formed of three key divisions - the advisory division, the
marketing division and the service division.
The Geosynthetic Institute (GSI), Delware, U.S.A

The Geosynthetic Institute (GSI) is an Independent not for profit organisation formed by a consortium
of organizations interested in, and involved with, geosynthetics - Geosynthetic Research Institute (GRI),
Geosynthetic Information Institute (GII), Geosynthetic Education Institute (GEI), Geosynthetic
Accreditation Institute (GAI), and Geosynthetic Certification Institute (GCI). The Institute was
incorporated in Delware in 1991. It has 71 organisations as its members. GSI aims at developing,
investigation and implementation of the various facets of geosynthetics, recognizing them as
engineering materials. It involves conducting basic and advanced research, developing test methods and
standards, providing certification, training and tutorial services as well as providing support for
conferences and seminars.
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North Carolina State University (NCSU) - Textile Apparel Technology and Management (TATM)
and Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science (TECS)
The two textile departments at NCSU specialises in the field of medical textiles, polymer chemistry and
colour chemistry. The faculty research areas for these institutes are Nan sciences, Surface Modification,
Fibers and Polymers, Color and Dye Chemistry and Sciences, Technical Textiles and Textile Structures,
Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Systems and Quality, Health and Safety, Educational Innovation,
Supply Chain, Economic Competitiveness.
TATM: TATM offers courses in fashion and textile management, textile technology, textile and apparel
management and fashion and textile design. Its research activities in the department encompass areas
of fibre, textile, apparel, and retail complex, with expertise in product design and development, textile
technology and in managerial fields of marketing, supply chain, competiveness and trade.
TECS: The department is dedicated to providing instruction in the science, engineering and technical
application of chemistry, colour, polymers, bio-medicals, design, and production with regard to fibres
and fibre-based materials.
Textiles and Nonwovens Development Centre (TANDEC)/ Nonwovens Research Lab at The
University of Tennessee (UNTNRL)
TANDEC was established in 1990 as an application development facility for melt processing. It was later
rechristened at UNTRL under University of Tennessee. It provides services of advanced melt blown lines,
processing and testing facilities for fully equipped non woven research lab, research and development
and educational courses for non woven. UTNRL’s pilot line has been utilized by many private
organisations with close to 15 organisation making use of it every year.
Clemson University
Established in 1898, Clemson University in South USA’s oldest textile school having its own apparel
research centre. The textile research institute of the University – the school of textiles, fibres and
polymers is now a part of Material Science and Engineering College. The COE has well established
weaving laboratory, non woven laboratory and dyeing, finishing and Printing laboratory with modern
testing facilities and equipments. In addition it also has composites fabrication facility and material
processing laboratory. They have a 4 to 5 member team dedicated for research in technical textiles,
focusing on research on specialised material used for defence or high tech application.
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Department of clothing design and technology, The Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

Department of Clothing Design and Technology is an internationally recognised research centre and
leader in the area of clothing design and technology. They are involved in research activities pertaining
to International fashion marketing, logistics and supply chain, fashion design, CAD/CAM, product
development, anthropometrics, manufacturing systems and performance of textiles amongst others.
The department has five laboratories for body morphology, clothing comfort, textile performance,
clothing engineering and computer aided manufacturing. It has tie ups with 15 Institutions across the
world.
Huddersfield Textile Centre of Excellence, U.K

Huddersfield textile Centre of Excellence was established in 1999 by the Huddersfield and District Textile
training Company. The centre provides training at different levels from apprentice level to training of
technicians and managers. The Institute also house a design incubator for assisting and promoting
entrepreneurship amongst fashion design graduates. The CoE offers high specification testing facilities in
accordance to WIRA, USTER, etc. The centre is a not for profit centre and has state of the art
equipments and up to date technology which are the key drivers for its success as a COE.
Donghua University, China

Donghua University was founded in 1951 at Shanghai as China Textile University. It has 12 colleges with
two colleges dedicated to textiles – College of textile and Fashion art design Institute. These colleges
have eight state of the art research centres. The few of them are:
National Engineering Research Centre (NERC) for dyeing and finishing of textiles: The research
centre was founded in June 2000, and has been the leading centre in China for high grade cotton fibre
dyeing, finishing technology and ecological textile dyeing. The Centre is aims at developing technical
innovation in the field of dyeing and finishing while assimilating and educating about new dyeing and
finishing technologies evolving around the world.
New Fabric Quick response centre: The Centre aims at establishing technological information on
oriental fabrics and through development of textile information databases, testing and analysis of new
fabrics overseas to derive their composition and manufacturing technique, producing newer fabrics in
accordance to market, conducting exhibitions and seminars to promote academic exchanges.
In addition to these two, there are six more research centres - 21st Century green fabric research centre,
Chemical fibre engineering research centre, development centre for automotive textile materials, Textile
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technology development centre for building material, Advanced manufacturing technique R&D centre
and Carpet equipment research centre. These research centres specialises in technical textiles and
textile engineering with focus on Mobiltech and Buildtech.
Composites Testing Laboratory (CTL), Asia

Composites Testing Laboratory (CTL) is a joint venture between the Composite Technology Research of
Malaysia (CTRM) and the CTL of Tastail Teo, Ireland. It was founded in 2010 for conducting testing of
composites panel for aerospace applications and non aero test panels. It is a leader in the field of
accredited mechanical and physical testing of advanced composites for aerospace, wind energy and
automotive applications. It provides services of physical testing, chemical testing, mechanical testing,
fractography analysis, analysis on composite structure, short courses on testing, conducting training and
workshops.
Taiwan Textile Research Institute (TTRI), Taiwan

TTRI was founded in 1971 as China Testing and Research Centre (CTTRC) with emphasis on quality
control, testing and certification. Over the years, for better management and operations, the name was
changed to CTI and then in 2004 to TTRI. The scope of business for TTRI includes R&D for textile related
technology and information, design planning, evaluation and certification of textile fibres. It is also
involved in providing training of textile related technology and comprehensive services for textile
industry. It has two main departments - the department of raw materials and yarns which focuses on
development of textile materials, OEMs of functional spinning master batch, development of special
long tape yarn and trail production of melt spinning. The second department is the department of
Products which focuses on development and transfer of technology for weaving, dyeing, finishing and
final products, promotion of newer services and technologies and training in the relevant sectors.
Advanced Material Technology Centre (AMTC), Singapore

AMTC was established in 2008 by the Singapore Polytechnic to integrate R&D activities of speciality
chemicals and functional materials i.e., nanotechnologies, green building materials, materials recycling
advanced materials. The Centre provides an interface between R&D activities and industrial
applications, working in close collaboration with government agencies, enterprises, local and overseas
research centres and professional associations. It is involved in consultancy services for
commercialisation of technologies, research and testing services wherein it offers facilities for chemical
analysis, product reliability test, material characterisation, micro fabrication and pilot scale production.
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For R&D it has collaboration with seven Asian Institutions, government and professional bodies and
private enterprises.
School of Materials, University of Manchester

The School of Materials, University of Manchester was formed by synergistic merging of the Corrosion
and Protection Centre, the Manchester Materials Science Centre and the Department of Textiles and
Paper in 2004. It offers services for material testing and analysis, research and development and
professional development programmes. It has two key research centres – The Materials Performance
Research Centre and the Northwest Composites Centre. It has research groups in the sectors of
biomaterials, ceramics and in-organics, corrosion and protection, design fashion and business, polymers,
composites and carbon and textile technology. It has one of the largest and best equipped composite
textile research units in Europe - National Composites Certification and Evaluation Facility (NCCEF) an
independent ISO 17025 accredited test laboratory.
The Nonwovens Institute, North Caroline, U.S.A

The Nonwovens Institute (NWI) was launched in 2007 as the world’s first accredited academic program
for the interdisciplinary field of engineered fabrics. The Nonwovens Cooperative Research Centre (NCRC)
founded in 1991, acts as its core research arm. It focuses on research related to materials and
characterisation, polymer processing, modelling of nonwoven processes, engineered structures and
Health, safety and sustainability.
TITV Griez - The Institute for Special Textiles and Flexible Materials, Germany
TITV Griez is a close-to-market research organization and also provides services pertinent to research,
development, consulting, testing and professional training along the textile value chain. More than 50
employees develop high-tech solutions with the classic textile technology as the basis for new materials.
The successful interdisciplinary cooperation with non-textile branches is an important feature of TITV
and fosters innovation. For example, the combination of electronics and textiles creates innovative
textile products for completely new applications.
Hohenstein Institute
Hohenstein was founded in 1946 by Prof. Dr. Otto Mecheels as an independent and privately owned
research and teaching centre with headquarters in Bönnigheim, Germany. Currently, it accommodates
around 500 employees in 40 contact offices globally. In India they have 4 offices. The research work at
the Hohenstein Institute is complemented by a diverse range of testing, training, consulting and
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certification services. They offer manufacturers, retailers, service providers and consumers “competence
from one single source” through interdisciplinary cooperation between textile engineers, chemists,
physicians, biologists and physicists. The Institute places heavy emphasis on effective transfer of
research results in lectures, seminars, publications etc. to keep its edge as a research institution.
School of Textiles & Design, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom

The School is specialised in the education of professionals and practitioners in the global textile and
clothing industries. The school works in partnership with academia and industry locally, nationally and
internationally. They have well-established links across the world, equipping students for employment
through competitions, sponsorship, industry speakers, work placements and live projects such as Design
for Textiles project with Eley Kishimoto. Students benefit from links with designers and manufacturers.
Students can get involved with industrial projects and companies provide support for individual masters
projects including: Begg Scotland, Mackintosh and Scottish Cashmere Club. The School’s close
association with the Scottish textile industry and membership of the Scottish Textile Industry Association
ensures ongoing and relevant industry collaboration.
Department of Textile, Ghent University, Belgium

The Department offers education at national and international level. It is involved in or coordinating
several national, European and international research projects and also renders technical and scientific
services to the textile industry. The research activities at Ghent University are evolving more and more
into fundamental research having a clear multidisciplinary character and introducing several new
technologies. For example, research into advanced materials for niche applications, where the unique
quality and functional properties of the material are decisive for success. Applied research is directed
towards a variety of application areas such as electro spinning of nano-fibres, high performance fibres
and structures, electrically conductive textiles, smart textiles, colouration technology, artificial turf,
polymer technology, carpet technology and fibre technology.
Geosynthetic Materials Association

The Geosynthetic Materials Association (GMA) is a division of the Industrial Fabrics Association
International (IFAI), is the central resource for information on geosynthetics. GMA provides a forum for
consistent and accurate information with an end to increase acceptance and promote the correct use of
geosynthetics. GMA represents nearly 80 member companies. GMA actively identifies, assesses,
analyzes and acts upon market growth opportunities and issues that affect its member companies.
Activities centre on five areas: engineering support, business development, education, government
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relations and industry recognition. In the area of education, GMA has also teamed up with the North
American Geosynthetics Society to host a series of short courses around the country. Some of the
courses offered are Geosynthetics and their Applications, Coal Ash Containment, Geosynthetics in
Waste Containment Systems and Introduction to Geosynthetics in Transportation.
Centre for Technical Textiles, University of Leeds, UK

Centre for Technical Textiles (CTT) has a mission to achieve excellence in fundamental and applied
research in fibrous structures whilst promoting interdisciplinary collaboration in all science and
engineering fields related to technical textiles. The Centre offers services such as Consultancy and
knowledge transfer services in textile materials, Manufacturing to provide solutions to industrial
problems and Product innovation. The CTT undertakes basic and applied research in technical textiles,
with its core expertise being the study of fibrous structures based on the chemistry, physics, engineering
and processing of fibres and textile assemblies, such as formation, structure and properties of fibrous
assemblies and environmentally sustainable textile materials and processes including colouration and
finishing. Applied research is directed towards a variety of application areas such as agriculture,
architectural textiles, geo-technical and civil engineering, automotive and transport (marine, rail and
aviation), filtration, intelligent textile materials, medical and healthcare, sports and personal protective
materials, sustainable technologies and recycling.
Thuringian Institute of Textile and Plastics Research, Germany

Thuringian Institute of Textile and Plastics Research (TITK) is an industry oriented research institute,
which conducts both fundamental and applied research in fields of relevance to various industries. TITK
has established itself as a modern and world-renowned institute for polymer materials research. It
currently employs a team of 150 scientists and laboratory, technical and commercial assistants. TITK’s
services include, innovation consulting, research and Development, manufacturing of specialized
products from its research laboratories, testing of chemical and physical characteristics of textiles and
composite materials and types of plastics, material Testing (OMPG) and contract Research. TITK helps
clients develop new polymeric materials, meet detailed specifications, develop new methods for
measuring specific material characteristics. TITK’s subsidiary OMPG, is an accredited test laboratory
certified according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 and provides a plethora of material of testing services.
Nonwoven Tools, USA

Nonwoven Tools was conceived by Don Hindman (after 35 years of industry experience) as a means of
improving efficiency and profits on the nonwoven production floor. Nonwoven Tools realizes that
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complex machinery and complex processes cannot be taught to the average production floor employee
merely through the use of text books. As a result, Nonwoven Tools uses innovative video, computer, and
audio presentations to provide courses that are relevant not only to the subject, but to the
employee. Many of these courses are delivered over the internet to provide instant access and low
prices. Nonwoven tools also offer various law-required courses for manufacturing employees to take on
a yearly basis.
The Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology (ITM)
The Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology (ITM) at the TU Dresden is
a university research centre in the field of textile and ready-made technology that is composed of two
professorships (Professorship of Textile Technology and Professorship of Ready-made Technology).
The Institute’s core activity is to provide a high-quality curriculum to students and research activity, by
meeting these objectives:
 Offering excellence in education to its students and doctoral candidates by giving its
students a solid scientific foundation and up-to-date practical experience.
 Conducting fundamental research activity and industry-oriented projects.
 Continuous expansion of interdisciplinary cooperation with research institutes in various

disciplines and industry partners.
 Transferring research results into practical solutions.
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Key Learning from foreign COEs
1. Customization of courses offered

As observed, many foreign institutions offer custom designed courses in sync with market and industry
requirements. Further, organizations such as ITM offer few distance-learning courses. Some of
institutions are also providing onsite training in collaboration with Industry. This method of delivery not
only provides for an additional source of revenue but also flexibility in terms of customizing courses to
meet industry demand. Customization of courses for private organizations would also open up avenues
for more interaction with companies and benefit all stakeholders.
2. Infrastructure Needs and requirements
Global CoEs are very well equipped with latest technology and knowhow relevant to the industry’s
needs. Advanced Materials Technology Center (AMTC), Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore is a case in
hand, for the same. This is also made easier for them by presence of skilled workforce with relevant
experience in the field of technical textiles. On our part, however, we have significant lot to achieve in
terms of keeping up with the evolving infrastructural and skill needs of the industry.
3. Sharper focus on basic research
In the CoEs abroad, extensive research is being done in the field of polymers and fibre technology. In
addition, most of the in house research is based on joint ventures, consulting and internal ideas resulting
from these prolonged interactions. The learning in this for our CoEs is to lay emphasis on Co-
Development and Co-creation of research projects drawing upon joint ventures and consulting
assignments as an approach to augment its wherewithal for the related technology/product. In addition,
fibre technology needs to be promoted for better Technical Textiles.
4. Heavy emphasis on Revenue Generation
In all Global CoE’s studies, there is heavy emphasis on the CoEs generating sizeable revenues and
sustaining themselves as independent entities. Various streams of revenue exploited by global CoEs
include those from IPR and manufacturing activities on their equipments for commercial purposes
besides research, especially from IPR since research and development is the forte of such CoEs. This
function is also augmented by presence of a dedicated sales force with domain experience.
5. Reach of CoEs beyond national boundaries
A key aspect of global CoEs that is worth imbibing is in terms of reach. For example, for the COE in US
there are many clients from international markets like Europe. In addition, CoEs have brick and mortar
presence in many countries overseas.
721
6. Service Offerings
Some of the foreign CoEs have a wider range of services to offer and not constrained to R&D and
testing. They offer full-fledged project management and end-to-end solutions. To sight, a few service
offerings such as evaluation of practical onsite testing opportunities, another example is that these COEs
are not only providing results for their testing services but also technical and statistical analysis. This
methodology points to an approach of graduating to a solution provider to the industry, rather than just
a specific service provider. In addition, this is part of a conscious special emphasis on diversifying into
other services as a means of sustenance. International CoEs have multiplied their services and have
plenty of certifications with them, which contribute to this end. Further, foreign CoEs also provide
turnkey project management services and support right from conceptualization to commercialization.
7. Structure of COEs- Into verticals and departments

School of Textiles & Design, Heriot-Watt University, UK organizes itself into separate departments for
activities such as testing, R&D, consulting, etc. Further, with organization of service departments global
COEs break down their scientific departments as well into machine development, technology
development, process development, product development.
8. Ties ups and accreditations
A significantly contrasting feature of CoEs abroad is the involvement of academic as well as industry
stakeholders in their modus operandi. One of the most visible instances of this is the presence of active
board members from industry and a frequent change in the same. An example of the same is North
Carolina State University. Tie – ups with industry to provide hand holding support in all its activities
helping in revenue generation and industry interaction is an area which also needs effort from the
Indian industry. The gap can be bridged only with active participation and effort from both sides.
9. Marketing and Commercialization
In case of global CoEs, there is a huge thrust on marketing its services and ensuring repeat business from
existing clients. This is instrumental in ensuring a continuous revenue stream. There is a dedicated
branch for commercialization of proto-types and various IPR materials and other research outcomes.
Active marketing is also done through extensive participation in international trade shows, conferences,
seminars and demonstrations of utilities of technical textiles at similar platforms.
722
5. Manpower Availability
The Indian technical textile industry employed 9.89 lakh people in 2012-13. The employment in the
industry has at the rate of 3% per annum during the last five years. The growth of man-power employed
in technical textile sector can be seen in Exhibit 444.
Exhibit 444: Total manpower employed in technical textiles
Total employment in Technical textiles

12 10.5 10.8
9.9 10.2
9.1 9.3 9.6
10 8.8
in lakh nos.
8
6
4
2
0
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(P) 2014-15(P) 2015-16(P)
Source: Technicaltextile.gov.in, IMaCS analysis
Skilled manpower composes approximately 43% of the total manpower employed in technical textile
industry. This is relatively higher when compared to the textile industry of India. However, the high
skilled operations in manufacture of non woven and technical textile manufacturing have been the
driving force for employment of more and more skilled personnel. The distribution of supervisory,
skilled and unskilled staff in the industry is as shown in Exhibit 445.
Exhibit 445: Distribution of man-power across industry
Manpower distribution
Unskilled
Skilled 43%
57%
Source: IMaCS analysis, Primary survey
723
In addition to the above, over1.07 lakh persons are also involved in the conversion industry related to
technical textiles, most of which are involved in Packtech product based industries. Close to 27% of total
technical textile output goes to converter industries where fabrication of final products and small value
additions are done, before the product goes as a input for downstream products The key products
where converter industry has a major role to play are Jute and hessian sack industry, FIBC bags, Canvas
tarpaulins and HDPE tarpaulins. In all these products the converter industry is involved in final
fabrication and stitching activities from the technical textile fabric. The sector wise split of employment
generated by converter industry is shown in the following exhibit.
Exhibit 446: Segment wise Employment in converter Industry

Indutech Others
Mobiltech 2% 5%
3%
Buildtech
8%
Packtech
82%
Key Issues in Manpower

Although the man-power in the technical textile industry has been growing at 8% per annum for the last
four years, the industry faces shortage of skilled man-power. The key issues faced with respect to
manpower by the industry are:
 Lack of adequate ITIs and Polytechnics in the field of textile particularly for technical textile:
Technical textile industry requires skilled workmen for many operations like for coating of
fabrics, production of non woven, and operation of advanced machinery required for technical
textiles. As most of the segment of technical textile is relatively small, the institutes offering
courses in the textile stream do not provide specific training and education which are required
for technical textile industry. In absence of any technical institute churning out skilled labourers,
724
most of the industry players have to provide on job training or develop training courses so as to
train the employees to a threshold skill-set of operation in technical textiles.
 High employee turn-over in the skilled category: Industry faces lack of skilled labourers
particularly in the segment of coated fabrics and advanced technologies. As the demand for
skilled employees is very high, many workers after attaining a set skill set through training prefer
to switch organisation in pursue of higher pay grades. As a result, the organisation often finds it
difficult to get the appropriate replacement in due time, often leading to loss of production or
forcing the initial employer to provide a salary hike to the worker, leading to increase in cost of
production.
Recommendations:
While the requirement of manpower is growing with more entrepreneurs and industrialists getting
aware of the vast opportunities in technical textiles, the availability of skilled manpower is a key
constraint. Therefore the following recommendations are suggested to enhance manpower availability:
 Providing training in specialised fields of coating, lamination, etc: The demand for
specialised textile activities is high in technical textiles, whereas most of the institutions fail to
address these needs of the industry. Therefore it is suggested that a specialised diploma courses
for specific processes like coating, laminations, non woven processing be carried out at major
textile institutes across India. Currently such training is being provided in limited numbers only
by the Centre of excellences.
 Dove tailing skill development and manpower employment with ISDS scheme: Ministry
of textiles runs the Integrated Skill development Scheme for development of vocational and
employable skills across different sectors of textiles and apparels. It is suggested that more of
technical textile courses should be made part of the course, so as to educate masses in the
specialised fields of technical textiles. Co-ordination with ISDS schemes would also provide the
employers with a foundation from where they can hire labourers in case when employee
turnover is higher or extra resources are required.
 Inclusion of technical textiles as a course/ subject in all textile institutions: It is
recommended that technical textiles should be included as a course/ subject in all major textile
institutions. This would help increase the awareness amongst the graduating textile engineers
and workforce about technical textiles, while attracting newer people towards technical textiles.
The step can give a significant boost by helping provide skilled workforce for technical textiles.
725
Skill Development
India has a total of eleven institutions that specialise in educating students on textile and technical
textiles. These institutions offer under-graduate, post-graduate and also doctoral courses in textile
sector. Most of these institutions are located in Maharashtra with a total presence in seven states. The
details of these institutions are:
Exhibit 447: Institutions specialising in textile education and research

Sl. Specialisatio
Name of Institution District State Course Offered
No. n
Colleges specifically for textile related courses
B.Tech - Textile Engineering
M.Tech - Textile Engineering
Dept. Of Textile
1 Delhi Delhi/ NCR and Fibre Science
Engineering - IIT Delhi
Technology
PH.D
B.Tech - Textile Chemistry

B.Tech - Textile Engineering
UP Textile Technology B.Tech - Manmade Fibre
2 Kanpur Uttar Pradesh
Institute (UPTTI) Technology
B.Tech - Textile Technology
M.Tech - Textile Engineering
M.Tech - Textile Chemistry
Diploma in Man-made
Textile Technology
Diploma in Man-made textile
The Synthetic and Art
chemistry
3 Silk Mills' Research Mumbai Maharashtra
Diploma in Knitting
Association (SASMIRA),
technology
Advanced Diploma in
Apparel Merchandising Agrotech
Bombay Textile Courses in various technical
4 Research Association Mumbai Maharashtra textile and textile processing
(BTRA) – mechanical and chemical Geotech
Diploma level Training
Northern India Textile programs in Knitting,
5 Research Association Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh weaving, processing,
(NITRA) technical textile and textile
technology Protech
Training programmes for
South India Textile
jobbers, operators and
6 Research Association Coimbatore Tamil Nadu
management training
(SITRA)
programs Meditech
Manmade Textile Training programs in non
7 Surat Gujarat
Research Association woven technology Agrotech
726
Sl. Specialisatio
Name of Institution District State Course Offered
No. n
Colleges specifically for textile related courses
(MANTRA)
M. Tech – Textile Technology
PH.D – Textile Technology
PSG College of B.E - Textile Technology
8 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu
Technology B.Tech – Fashion technology
B.Sc- Apparel & fashion
technology Indutech
Diploma Programmes
• Diploma In Textile
Manufactures
• Diploma In Textile
Technology
• Diploma In Fashion &
Clothing
Under-Graduate
Programmes
• B.Tech. (Textile
Technology)
DKTE Society's Textile & • B.Tech. (Manmade Textile
8 Engineering Institute Kolhapur Maharashtra Technology)
(DKTE) • B.Tech. (Textile Plant
Engineering)
• B.Tech. (Textile Chemistry)
• B. Tech. (Fashion
Technology)
Post-Graduate Programmes
• M.Tech. (Textile
Technology)
• M.Tech. (Textile Chemistry)
• M.Tech. ( Technical Textile
)
Doctorate in Textiles (Ph.D.)
MBA in Textile Non woven
Ahmedabad Textile ATIRA provides training in
9 Industry's Research Ahmedabad Gujarat the fields of Ginning, textile
Association (ATIRA) processing, weaving Composites
Diploma in dyeing and
finishing of wool, Training
Wool Research
10 Thane Maharashtra programmes in CAD, knitting,
Association (WRA)
dyeing, physical and
chemical testing Sportech
B.Tech - Jute & Fibre
Institute of Jute Technology
11 Kolkata West Bengal
Technology B.Tech - Jute Technology Jute Based
M.Tech -Textile Technology Textiles
Source: Secondary sources
727
In addition to these institutions, there are another 29 colleges providing courses for engineering in
textiles at the under-graduate level. The list of these institutions and colleges has been listed in the
exhibit below:
Exhibit 448: Institutions offering courses in textile engineering
Sl.
No. Name of Institution District State Course Offered
Textile courses offered at other colleges – Under Graduate Courses
Andhra
1 University College of Technology Hyderabad Pradesh BE - Textile Technology
Maharaja Sayaji Roa University of B. Tech - Textile Engineering
2 Baroda Baroda Gujarat M.E - Textile Engineering
3 L D College of Engineering Ahmedabad Gujarat B.E - Textile Technology
4 Gujarat Technological Institute Ahmedabad Gujarat B.E - Textile Technology
Fashion Technology &
5 NGF College of Engineering Technology Faridabad Haryana Apparels Engineering
Panipat Institute of Engineering and
6 Technology Panipat Haryana B.Tech - Textile Engineering
7 Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology Belgaum Karnataka B.E - Silk Technology
Bapuji Institute of Engineering and
8 Technology Davangere Karnataka B.E - Textile Technology
Shri Jayachamarajendra College of B.E - Polymer Science &
9 Engineering Mysore Karnataka Technology
10 Government SKSJ Technology Institute Bangalore Karnataka B.Tech - Textile Technology
Shri Viashnav Institute of Technology & Madhya
11 Science Indore Pradesh B.E - Textile Technology
Jawaharlal Institute of Engineering and B.E- Textile and Information
12 Technology Yavatmal Maharashtra Technology
M.Tech – Textile Technology
13 Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute Mumbai Maharashtra B.Tech - Textile Engineering
PH.D – Technology,
Ph.D – Science
M.Tech & M.Sc – Fibre and
Processing technology,
Textile Chemistry
M.Tech & M. Sc – Textile
Chemistry
B.Tech - Fibres and Textile
14 Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Maharashtra Processing Technology
15 ORISSA Institute of Textile Technology Cuttack Orissa B.Tech - Textile Technology
Shri Guru Gobind Singh College of
16 Engineering & Technology Nanded Maharashtra B.Tech - Textile Technology
17 College of Engineering and Technology Bhubaneswar Orissa B.Tech - Textile Engineering
Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of
18 Technology Jalandhar Punjab B.Tech - Textile Technology
19 Sangam University Bhilwara Rajasthan B.Tech - Textile Technology
20 Karpagam University Coimbatore Tamil Nadu B.Tech - Textile Technology
21 Sona College of Technology Salem Tamil Nadu B.Tech - Textile Technology
728
Sl.
Textile courses offered at other colleges – Under Graduate Courses
Park College of Engineering &
22 Technology Coimbatore Tamil Nadu B. Tech - Textile Technology
23 K S Rangasamy College Of technology Tamil Nadu B. Tech - Textile Technology
24 Jaya Engineering College Chennai Tamil Nadu B. Tech - Textile Technology
25 Bannari Aman Institute of Technology Erode Tamil Nadu B.Tech - Textile Engineering
26 Hartcourt Butler Technological Institute Kanpur Uttar Pradesh B.Tech - Leather Technology
M.Tech – Textile
M.Tech – Fashion & apparel
engineering
B.Tech – Textile Chemistry
The technological Institute of Textile B.Tech – Textile Technology
27 and Sciences Bhiwani Haryana B.Tech – Fashion & Apparel
Textile Technology
Government college of engineering and Apparel and Production
28 textile technology Serampore West Bengal Management
M.Tech – Mechanical
Government college of engineering and Processing of Textiles
29 textile technology Behrampore West Bengal B.Tech – textile technology
These colleges are spread across India with clusters in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
Exhibit 449: State wise distribution of textile institution
State wise distribution of Textile institutes

( Total - 40)
0%
Other States Tamil Nadu

25% 20%
Gujarat
12%
West Bengal Karnataka

8% 10% Maharashtra
18%
Uttar Pradesh
7%
729
In addition to the above coveted institutions offering textile courses, there are a total of 68 polytechnic
and ITIs that offer specific diploma courses in textile sector. These have been listed as under:
Exhibit 450: Institutions offering diploma courses in textiles
Sl.
Institutions, Polytechnic, ITIs offering diploma in textile field
Andhra Diploma in Textile
1 Government Polytechnic Chittoor Pradesh Technology
2 Government Polytechnic, Obulavariapalli Kadaba Pradesh Technology
3 S.R.R.S Government Polytechnic Karimnagar Pradesh Technology
Shri Ram Institute of Management Diploma in Textile
4 Technology Delhi Delhi Technology
Diploma in Garment
5 Aryabhatt Polytechnic Delhi Delhi Engineering
Diploma in Garment
6 Government Polytechnic - Altinho Panaji Goa Engineering
Diploma in Textile
7 Government Polytechnic for Girls Surat Gujarat Technology
Diploma in Textile
8 Gujarat Technological Institute Ahmedabad Gujarat Technology
Diploma in Textile
9 Maharaja Sayaji Roa University of Baroda Baroda Gujarat Technology
Sir. Bhavsinhji Polytechnic Institute , Diploma in Textile
10 Vidhyanagar Bhavnagar Gujarat Technology
Diploma in Textile
Processing Technology
Dr. S and S.S Gandhi College of Engineering Diploma in Textile
11 Technology Surat Gujarat Manufacturing Technology
Diploma in Garment
12 Ganpat University Mehsana Gujarat Engineering
Diploma in Textile
13 Government Polytechnic Hisar Haryana Technology
Diploma in Textile
14 Central Polytechnic Trivandrum Kerala Technology
Madhya Diploma in Textile
15 Dr. B R Ambedkar Polytechnic College Gwalior Pradesh Technology
Madhya Diploma in Textile
16 Government Polytechnic Mau Pradesh Technology
Diploma in Textile
Technology
Madhya Diploma in Garment
17 Shri Vaishnav Polytechnic College Indore Pradesh Engineering
Diploma in Textile
18 NMIMS University Mumbai Maharashtra Technology
19 University of Mumbai Mumbai Maharashtra Diploma in Textile
730
Sl.
Technology
Diploma in Garment
20 Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth Pune Maharashtra Engineering
Diploma in Textile
21 Institute of Textile Technology, Choudwar Cuttack Orissa Technology
Diploma in Textile
22 Punjab Institute of Textile Technology Amritsar Punjab Technology
Diploma in Garment
23 Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women's University Jaipur Rajasthan Engineering
Diploma in Textile
Technology
Annai J.K.K Sampoorani Ammal Polytechnic Diploma in Garment
24 College Erode Tamil Nadu Engineering
Diploma in Textile
25 Annamalai Polytechnic College Villupuram Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
26 E.I.T Polytechnic College Erode Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
27 Elumalai Polytechnic College Villupuram Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
Technology
Diploma in Garment
28 G.R.G Polytechnic College Coimbatore Tamil Nadu Engineering
Diploma in Textile
29 GandhiGram Rural Institute Dindigul Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
30 Gomathi Ambal Polytechnic College Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
Technology
Diploma in Textile
31 Institute of Textile Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu Manufacturing Technology
Diploma in Textile
32 Karpagm Polytechnic College Coimbatore Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
33 Latha Mathavan Polytechnic College Madurai Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
34 Nachimuthu Polytechnic College Coimbatore Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
35 Nanjappa Institute of Technology Coimbatore Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
36 Nanjappa Polytechnic College Coimbatore Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
Technology
Diploma in Garment
37 P.A.C Ramasamy Raja Polytechnic College Virudhnagar Tamil Nadu Engineering
Diploma in Textile
38 P.S.G Polytechnic College Coimbatore Tamil Nadu Technology
731
Sl.
Diploma in Textile
39 Pasumpon Nethaji Polytechnic College Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
40 Periyar University Salem Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
41 Ratnavel Subramaniian Polytechnic College Dindigul Tamil Nadu Technology
Rudhraveni Muthuswamy Polytechnic Diploma in Textile
42 College Tirupur Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
43 Rukmani Shanmugam Polytechnic College Madurai Tamil Nadu Technology
S.S.M Institute of Textile Technology and Diploma in Textile
44 Polytechnic Namakkal Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
Technology
Diploma in Garment
45 Shri Raghvendra Polytechnic College Namakkal Tamil Nadu Engineering
Diploma in Textile
46 Sri Sowdambika Polytechnic College Virudhnagar Tamil Nadu Technology
Diploma in Textile
47 Subramaniam Polytechnic College pudukottai Tamil Nadu Technology
Dr. Dharambal Govt. Polytechnic College for Diploma in Garment
48 Women Chennai Tamil Nadu Engineering
Diploma in Garment
49 V.S. VellaiChamy Nadar Polytechnic College Virudhnagar Tamil Nadu Engineering
Uttar Diploma in Textile
50 Government Polytechnic Kanpur Pradesh Technology
Uttar Diploma in Textile
51 Government Girls Polytechnic, Gorakhpur Gorakhpur Pradesh Technology
Uttar Diploma in Garment
52 S.D. Polytechnic Muzaffarnagar Pradesh Engineering
Seth Jai Prakash Mukund Lal Girls Uttar Diploma in Garment
53 Polytechnic Ghaziabad Pradesh Engineering
Diploma in Textile
54 Govt. Polytechnic , Solapur Solapur Maharashtra manufactures
Diploma in Dress designing
and garment
55 Govt. Polytechnic, Osmanabad Aurangabad Maharashtra manufacturing
Govt. Women’s residential Polytechnic, and garment
56 Yavatmal Nagpur Maharashtra manufacturing
Govt. Women’s residential Polytechnic, and garment
57 latur Latur Maharashtra manufacturing
and garment
58 Sophie Shree B K Somanai Polytechnic Mumbai Maharashtra manufacturing
Dattajirao Kadam Tech. Educational. Icalkaranji, Diploma in Dress designing
59 Society’s Textile & engg. Institute Kolhapur Maharashtra and garment
732
Sl.
manufacturing
Diploma in Fashion &
clothing technology
Diploma in Textile
technology
Diploma in textile
manufacturers
and garment
manufacturing
W. Tech. Educational. & research Smt. R Diploma in Garment
60 Purohit Institute Nagpur Maharashtra technology
and garment
61 Agnihori School of Technology Wardha Maharashtra manufacturing
and garment
62 Dr. Rajendra Gode Polytechnic Amravati Maharashtra manufacturing
Govt. Women’s residential Polytechnic – and garment
63 Tasgaon Sangli Maharashtra manufacturing
and garment
64 Rajiv Gandhi Technical Institute Chandur Maharashtra manufacturing
and garment
65 Indrayani College of technical education Amravati Maharashtra manufacturing
Swaraj Institute of Technology and and garment
66 Management Science Amravati Maharashtra manufacturing
Siddhant Institute of Technical Education, and garment
67 Nerphingli Amravati Maharashtra manufacturing
Siddhant Institute of Technical Education, and garment
68 Tiwasa Amravati Maharashtra manufacturing
A majority of these institutes are clustered in Tamil Nadu. The state wise distribution of different ITIs
and polytechnics offering diploma courses in textile is as shown in the exhibit below:
733
Exhibit 451: State wise distribution of polytechnics offering textile courses
State wise distribution of Diploma offering institutes

( Total - 68)
Delhi Other States
Andhra Pradesh 3% 7%
4%
Madhya Pradesh
5% Tamil Nadu
38%
Maharashtra
28%
Gujarat
9%
Uttar Pradesh
6%
734
6. Mandatory regulations for technical textiles across

different countries
The mandatory regulations for different products across the countries are discussed in the following
sections:
Geotech
The usage of geo textile is not mandatory but is governed by guidelines and is recommended as best
practice. The recommendations made in “Wetland’s Best Management Practices” by the US Federal
guidelines pertaining to the use of geo textiles are as follows:
 Geo textiles should be used during construction to minimize disturbance, filling requirements
and the cost of maintenance.
 Geotextiles should be used in drainage as a filtering barrier to prevent percolation of the drain
water into grounds, etc.
 Geotextile fabric use at landing sites is recommended in wetlands and on soils with low bearing
strength to minimize soil erosion and compaction
 Geotextiles should be used to increase bearing strength of roads and prevent contamination of
fill material with fine soil.
In addition to these, in European Union (EU) the CE marking are being used to ensure that the geotextile
being used is of the correct standards. The following CE standards are applicable for geotextiles:
 EN 13249: Roads and other trafficked areas
 EN 13254: Reservoirs and dams
 EN 13250: Railways
 EN 13255: Canals
 EN 13251: Earthworks, foundations and retaining walls
 EN 13256: Tunnels and underground structures
 EN 13265: Liquid waste containment
 EN 13252: Drainage systems
 EN 13257: Solid waste disposals
 EN 13253: Erosion control works
735
Packtech:-
A number of packaging regulations prevalent in different countries mandates the use of technical
textiles in the area of packaging. Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand already have the packaging
regulations in place. These regulations mandate and govern the use of all the materials used in
packaging, including technical textile materials. The highlights of the Packaging regulations prevalent
internationally and in different countries are as follows:
 In Europe ―The European Union (Packaging) Regulations 2014 mandates the
packers/manufacturers to meet design conditions for packaging. These regulations are
mentioned under Section 4 and can be summarized as follows:
 Packaging should have the minimum adequate weight and volume while adhering to the
necessary level of safety and hygiene.
 Packaging should be reusable, recoverable or recyclable and should be such that it has
minimum impact on the environment on being disposed off,
 Packaging should be such that in case of disposal through landfills or incineration, the
generation of toxic waste in form of ash, leach ate or emissions should be to the
minimum.
 The physical characteristics of the packaging should enable prediction of number of
rotations of permissible re-use.
 The packaging must be built in a manner, that certain percentage of weight is
recoverable / recyclable once the complete usable life of product is over.
 Biodegradable packaging if used should be such that most of it decomposes to water,
biomass and carbon dioxide.
 Apart from Europe, Japan has strict packaging laws. - Container and Packaging Recycling Law,
1995 and the Regulation for food packaging in Japan governed by the “Food safety Basic Law
(2003)” and food sanitation law (1947). These laws aim at zero waste development, by recycling
all the waste and cracking down the non-recyclable waste though high power electricity and
finally using the slag generated in the process in constructive applications like building roads.
The key clauses of the regulations governing packaging are:
 Food Packing should not contain toxic or harmful content. The content should not have
any adverse effect on food quality once contact is established between food and
packaging.
 Specifications and standards for different food packaging materials are established.
736
 Packaging materials are taxed at source – “Recycling tax”, based on weight of the
packaging. To reduce the tax burden, the companies have done significant Research and
development to minimize weight of packing material.
 In line with Japan, China also introduced a similar policy called - “Circular Economy Policy” for
packaging waste management in 2009.
 In Australia and New Zealand ―The National Packaging Covenant, 1999‖ launched by the
Australian and New Zealand Environment & Conservation Council (ANZECC) governs usage of
packaging products.
 In Republic of Korea, there are mandatory packaging requirements for poultry products sold in
the market to be packaged (slaughtering plants, meat packers, sellers, and importers are subject
to these requirements). These mandatory requirements encourage the use of packaging
material.
 There is an Aerospace Recommended practice in place, drafted by International Air Transport
Association (IATA), which recommends the use of Cargo Pallet nets. It recommends the use of
cargo pallet nets and states that, the normal means of restraining cargo on a pallet is using the
corresponding airworthiness certified net: when properly installed and closed over the pallet
load, it provides an effective means of restraint (i.e., will not release its contents) up to the
ultimate load factors applicable to the pallet position within the aircraft‘s certified flight
envelope
 The recommended practice by IATA also recommends the use of Pallet Covers. The policy
recommends the usage of airworthiness mandated fire resistant covers required in FAR 25.857
Class B (Combi-aircraft main deck) compartments and also recommends proper use of common
type pallet covers to prevent crushing of wet packaging, to avoid cargo stacks shifting out of
contour or collapsing and potentially interfering with the aircraft structure
In developing countries including Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and India,
there is no system in place, regulating the usage of products/materials used for packaging. Only business
guidance is available for the packaging industry in these countries.
737
Sportech
The mandatory regulations in Sportech are applicable only in case of protective wear for sports and for
parachutes. The key regulations for protective sports the leading sports associations govern wear. The
key clauses are:
 FIFA – Mandatory use of shin guards and footwear during football matches
 ICC - International Cricket Committee (ICC) provides the standards and specifications for
different protective equipment to be used in cricket – pads, gloves, arm and shin guards,
helmets, etc.
 Sports Biking Helmet - Sports Bicycle helmets are mandatory in Australia, Chile and some parts
of Canada. Many other countries have mandatory laws in urban areas and for the cyclist under
the adult age like Austria, Slovakia, Spain, Japan, etc.
 Hockey –
o In field hockey, the players are recommended to wear shin, ankle and mouth protection.
For the goalkeeper it is mandatory that his protective gear include a headgear, leg
guards and kickers.
o USA Hockey Association makes it mandatory for all players to wear necessary protective
equipments like guards, shin pads, shoulder pads, etc, with each player being personally
responsible for doing so.
Mobiltech
Only a few products in the Mobiltech segment have mandatory usage requirements according to the
various regulations and policies prevailing. The products for which policies recommending and
mandating the usage are Helmets, Airbags, Seat belts and Air filters. Following is a summary of different
regulations mandating and recommending the usage of textile products for Mobiltech applications:
Seat belt:-
Most western countries have some seat belt legislation. The move towards seat belt wearing legislation
started in Australia in the late 1960s, although it was echoed elsewhere. Since then, seat belts
regulations have been made mandatory in many countries and in others, there is a recommendation to
use seat belts. The different countries where seat belts are mandatory are shown in Exhibit 452.
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Exhibit 452: Regulation regarding seat belts

Compulsory wearing Compulsory fitting
Cars
Country Bus
Cars Buses
Driver Front passengers Rear passengers passengers
Australia 1970
EU 1993
1973 (outside cities), 1975
France
(cities at night), 1979 (all) 1990 2003 1979
Germany 1970, 1979

1976 1976 1984 1999 (back seat) 1999
Hungary 1976 1993
Hong Kong 1996 (back

1983 1983 1996 seat)
Ireland 1979 1992
Japan 2008 1969
1972
(vehicles
New 1972 (15 years registered
Zealand and over), 1979 after 1965),
(8 years and 1975 (after
1972 over) 1989 1955)
Spain 1975
1969 (front)
Sweden
1975 1975 1986 1986 1970 (rear) 2004
United
1989 (children), 2007 (if 1965 (front)
Kingdom
1983 1991 (all) fitted) 1986 (rear)
United 1985-1994 (except New

States Hampshire and American
Samoa) 1966 2004
Airbags:-
Currently for Airbags, there are mandatory usage requirements in the USA only. The Intermodal Surface
Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 which mandates that all cars and light trucks should have air bags
on both sides came into effect in 1998 in USA. This was mandated by the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA), U.S.
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In the United Kingdom, and most of Europe, there is no direct legal requirement for new cars to feature
airbags. Instead, the Euro NCAP vehicle safety rating encourages manufacturers to take a
comprehensive approach to occupant safety. A good rating on NCAP can only be achieved by combining
airbags with other safety features like seat belts. Thus almost all new cars now come with at least two
airbags as standard. In Australia, the Australasian College of Road Safety (ACRS) recommends use of air
bags as a secondary restraint. However, the regulation regarding mandatory air bags is still not in place
due to the various aspects related to air bags like potential threat to children and pregnant women
seating in front, etc.
Helmets:-
Motorcycle helmets are of high significance in preventing fatal head injuries in case of two wheeler
accidents. Most of the countries across the world have mandatory norms for use of helmets in two
wheeler motor vehicles. The major countries having regulations governing helmets and the respective
regulations are shown in
Exhibit 453: Mandatory helmet regulations across the world
Sl. No. Country Year of acceptance Regulation
1 United Kingdom BSI 6658, SHARP
2 Australia & New Zealand AS/NZS 1698, CRASH
3 Canada CSA CAN3 D230 – M85
4 USA DOT FMVSS 218
5 Europe ECE regulation 22
6 Russia GOST R 41.22-2001
7 Philippines ICC
8 Japan JIS T 8133:2000
9 Malaysia MS: 1:2011
10 Brazil NBR 7471
11 Indonesia SNI
12 Vietnam TCVN 5756: 2001
13 China Mar 1988 Regulation of Road Traffic Administration
14 India IS 4151
Diesel Particulate filter (Air filters)
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There are no direct regulation which controls use of air filters in automobiles, but many stringent
emission norms and regulations followed across the world indirectly effect the market for air filters, as
these emission regulation, requires that a modern updated air filter is used and that the engine be
replaced with the low polluting one after considerable time period. The latest such regulation was
passed in California in 2014 by the Air Resource Board. It states, that all diesel fuelled heavy vehicles
with weight more than 14,000 pounds are too slowly upgrade the engines over a period of next 10 years
in such a manner that all vehicles have particulate matter filter by 2016 and meet m=engine model year
requirement by 2023.
Similarly in Europe stringent legislation regarding engine emission is in place to check air pollution. Any
light vehicle in Europe must have a Euro 4 engine and the legislation for changing the same to Euro 5 is
already in way. Similarly, for heavy vehicles the emission standards are set by Directive 2005/55/EC and
Directive 2005/78/EC. To adhere to these regulations, vehicle manufacturers must use high quality
diesel particulate filter, thereby affecting the market of air filters.
Tiedown:
The Aerospace Recommended practice in place, drafted by IATA, recommends the use of tiedowns
along with Cargo Pallet nets and Pallet covers for Air transport purposes. This is because significant load
shifting or deformation out of contour (without being released from the net) which may not be always
entirely avoided with a net has a potential for aircraft structural damage. The Association therefore
recommends the use of tiedowns straps in complement to net restraint.
Meditech
Though there are a number of standards/test requirements in place for the technical textile and other
products used in Meditech segment, there are hardly any regulations mandating the use of Meditech
products. However, commonly established norms and standard practices promote the usage of
Meditech products, conforming to set standards as identified by relevant associations across different
countries. A summary of regulations and standard practices recommending the use of Meditech
products across countries is as follows:
Sutures:-
Food and Drug Administration, U.S., has approved and recommended synthetic absorbable sutures for
almost all surgical uses with the exception of certain cardiovascular and neurologic surgical procedures.
Later use non-absorbable sutures as a standard practice, as, for example, in the suturing of prosthesis to
tissue. Synthetic absorbable sutures have been used in many thousands of surgical operations of many
741
types and show prospects of replacing other absorbable suture materials traditionally used in surgical
operations. As a standard practice, the synthetic absorbable materials are also being used in some
procedures in place of non-absorbable materials because of their retained strength and low tissue
reactivity.
Sterile Packaging:-
Though there is no law mandating the use of sterile packaging, in U.S., International Association of
Healthcare Central Service Material Management (IAHCSMM) has given the “Sterile Storage and
Transport Standards”. The standards/law recommends the use of sterile packaging for safe medical
procedures.
Healthcare Textiles:-
Healthcare textiles include surgical clothing (gowns, caps, masks, uniforms etc.), surgical covers (drapes,
covers etc.) and beddings (sheets, blankets, pillow cases etc.). These healthcare textiles are of two types,
disposable and non-disposable. As standard practice these healthcare textiles are currently being used
by healthcare professionals all over the world because these are an important measure to control
infection in a healthcare setting. Following are the key benefits provided by the healthcare textiles,
because of which the use of these textiles has gain popularity recently:
 Prevent the penetration of bacteria, microorganisms, or particulates (wet and
dry).
 Avoid penetration of liquids to the skin
 Controls spread of infections from visitor to the hospital environment and vice
versa.
The use of these textile materials (both disposable and non-disposable) has also gained popularity in
developing countries because of increased awareness in the user segment. According to the standard
practice, trend is now changing and the use of disposable healthcare textiles is increasing.
AAMI is the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. This organization consists of
healthcare professionals, professional organizations, medical device manufacturers and trade
organizations. AAMI is dedicated to increasing the safety and efficacy of medical instrumentation
through education and the creation of uniform standards. Within AAMI there are technical committees
(representing users, manufacturers, academia and regulators) that create the different standards and
recommended practices. AAMI’s standard PB70:2003 provides the specifications relating to Liquid
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Barrier Performance and Classification of Protective Apparel and Drapes Intended for Use in Health Care
Facilities. The main objectives of the standard are:
• To help end-users select the types of drapes and gowns most appropriate for a particular task
• Assist manufacturers in qualifying, classifying and labelling the barrier performance of their
products
These objectives are accomplished through a system of classification based on the products’ liquid
barrier performance (in the critical zones). There are four levels of barrier performance, level 4 being the
highest protection available.
Exhibit 454: Barrier performance test classification for Meditech
Level Test Result
1 AATCC 42 < 4.5 g

Water Impact (WI)
2 AATCC 42, WI < 1.0 g

AATCC 127 Hydro Head (HH) > 20 cm
3 AATCC 42, WI < 1.0 g

AATCC 127, HH > 50 cm
4 ASTM F1671, Gowns Pass

ASTM F1670, Drapes Pass
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Protech
Personal Protective Clothing/Equipment: - In the Protech segment there are regulations

mandating the use of personal protective clothing /equipment in most of the developed countries. In
U.S. and U.K., these regulations mandate the usage of PPE at the workplace. The highlights of the
regulations prevalent in different countries mandating the use of protech products are as follows:
U.S.A:-
In U.S., federal regulations mandate the use of personal protective equipments (PPE) under
“Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA)”. The highlights of the OHSA regulations related with PPEs
are as follows:
 The act obliges an employer to eliminate any reasonably foreseeable risk to the health and
safety of any person at the place of work. If it is not reasonably practicable to eliminate the
risk, the employer is mandated to control the risk and the usage of PPE is advised and
recommended for the same.
 The act mandates the employer to provide and ensure the use of protective equipment at
the place of work wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment,
chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants encountered in a manner
capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through
absorption, inhalation or physical contact. The act also mandates the equipment to be
maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition.
 In case the employees provide their own protective equipment, the employer shall be
responsible to assure its adequacy, including proper maintenance, and sanitation of such
equipment.
 The Regulation also mandates the use of particular types of PPE in certain circumstances as a
means of control. This include use of harnesses in elevated work platforms and use of
specific types of PPE in asbestos removal processes
 The following table summarizes the OHSA regulations mandating the use of PPE products for
protection from various hazards:
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Exhibit 455: Summary of OSHA regulation
Category PPE Product Hazards Protected

Hazards from flying particles, molten
metal, liquid chemicals, acids or
caustic liquids, chemical gases or
Eye and face Face mask, eye glasses and other eye and vapours, or potentially injurious light
protection face protection equipments radiation
Filtering face piece (dust mask), Helmet,
Respiratory High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter Hazards from dust and other
protection and other respiratory protection products respiratory related hazards.
Hazards when working in areas
Head where there is a potential for injury
Protection Protective Helmets to the head from falling objects.
Hazard of foot injuries due to falling
Occupational or rolling objects, or objects piercing
Foot the sole, and where there are
protection Protective footwear electrical hazards.
Hazards to hands such as those from
skin absorption of harmful
substances; severe cuts or
lacerations; severe abrasions;
punctures; chemical burns; thermal
Hand burns; and harmful temperature
protection Gloves a other related PPE extremes.
PPE including fire retardant wool and
specially treated cotton clothing items
and other types of protection including Torso protection: heat, splashes
Torso leather, rubberized fabrics, and from hot metals and liquids, impacts,
Protection disposable suits for Torso protection cuts, acids, and radiation.
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Europe:-
In Europe, “The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations act” governs and mandates the use
of PPEs at the workplace. The regulations are somewhat similar to those in OHSA. Following points
summarizes the act
 The regulations mandate the employers to provide free of charge PPEs to his employees
who may be exposed to a risk to their health or safety while at work except where and
to the extent that such risk has been adequately controlled by other means which are
equally or more effective.
 The regulation also mandates the use of PPEs by self-employed persons.
 The law also mandates the employer to take into account the seriousness and frequency
of the risk when deciding on the frequency of use of PPE.
 The law also states the requirements for compatibility, assessment, maintenance, and
accommodation etc. of the PPEs.
 The regulation applies to and mandates the usage of PPEs like safety helmets, gloves,
eye protection and high-visibility clothing, Safety footwear, chemical protective clothing,
thermal protection clothing etc.
South Africa:-
The South African Department of Health has a protective clothing policy for radiation control. The policy
regulates the use of protective clothing at the places having radiological emission. The policy mandates
the use of:-
 Protective aprons (workers)
 Protective gloves (workers)
 Thyroid shields for patients and radiation workers
 Gonad shields for patients
Australia:-
In Australia, ‘Motorcycling Australia’, the governing body of motorcycle sport, encourages and
recommends the use of PPEs for all motorcycle activities. But, the body does not support the mandatory
imposition of the use of protective clothing. The body also supports enforcement and registration
authorities which act to encourage the use of protective equipment by motorcyclists. The body has
taken a number of initiatives for the same, including the following:
 The body supports the removal of GST and all other taxes on CE Standards approved
protective clothing with a belief that this will reduce the price of protective clothing.
746
 It supports the adoption of the CE standards for impact protection, back protectors,
protective clothing, protective footwear and stone and debris shields by all manufacturers.
 It supports the prosecution of any person or organisation importing or selling protective
clothing which purports to meet any Standard but does not.
 The institute also supports the prosecution of any person or organisation importing,
manufacturing or selling labels which are intended to mislead as to compliance of any
protective equipment with a Standard.
Buildtech:-
The usage of technical textile products in Building/Construction is governed by the respective building
codes prevalent in different countries. These building codes regulate the usage of different technical
textiles used in buildings. Though these codes do not mandate the use of technical textiles, these codes
have the mandatory specification standards for different products used (roof coverings, floor coverings,
membranes, textile structures etc.). These specifications include fire testing standards among others.
Different test requirements/standards are specified in different building codes and the
manufacturer/builder should refer to the building code prevalent applicable to the area of work for
conforming to the local standards.
These building codes generally apply to the following:
 construction materials  steel structures;
regarding their combustibility;  walls, posts, beams, inserted
 floor coverings; ceiling and roof structures;
 roofing’s;  fire doors;
 surface layers of construction  feed through;
materials and structures;  closing fire barriers;
 textile furnishing materials;  smoke channels;
 protective layers of structures  Smoke valves.
of combustible materials;
The Building codes safeguard life and protect the public welfare by regulating design, construction
practices, construction material quality (including fire performance), location, occupancy, and
maintenance of buildings and structures. When regulating materials, many of the model building codes
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refers to quality consensus standards for products or tests developed by standard-setting organizations
such as ASTM and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
Following is a brief description of building codes/regulations, currently in place in different countries:

Europe:-
The European Commission published the building products directive (89/106/EEG) in 1989 to promote
free trade of building products. The directive contains six essential requirements that apply to the
building itself. One of the requirements is safety in case of fire. Therefore building products must have a
fire classification based on the same standards throughout Europe. A member state that regulates for a
certain safety level will be able to identify the fire properties of a building product corresponding to that
level. Products complying with the essential requirements of the directive are labelled CE. The function
of the building directive relies on a number of specifications. In the fire area a definition of European fire
classes, harmonised test standards and rules for attestation of conformity are such important
specifications. The European fire classes and the rules for attestation of conformity are published by the
European Commission. The reactions to fire standards are published by CEN.
U.S.A:-
Building codes in the U.S. have developed over the years principally by locality and region. Local
municipalities can choose to adopt their own building code version. Thousands of such jurisdictions
across the country could make this potentially unworkable for material suppliers, designers, architects,
and the construction industry. Even today there are virtually no nationally mandated building codes or
regulations. There are three Model Building Codes in the U.S. that have been in effect since about 1940.
These codes, until recently, have been updated every 2 or 3 years. Their use has been preferred in the
following regions:
 The West: The Uniform Building Code (CBC) issued by the International Conference of
Building Officials (ICBO).
 The Midwest and Northeast: The BOCA National Building Code issued by Building Officials
and Code Administrators International, Inc.
 The South: The Standard Building Code issued by the Southern Building Code Congress
International, Inc. (SBCCI).
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Following are the brief points summarizing the building codes in U.S.
 These model building codes are favoured in the areas where they originate and are adopted
in full or in part in state or city building regulations.
 Local or regional variations in building code acceptance allow for particular concerns of that
area; for example, heavy wind resistance is needed along the Gulf Coast and Florida because
of the hurricane threat and building codes and regulations have been altered in California
because of the likelihood of earthquakes.
 Localities can adopt a model building code but with specific changes or provisions needed in
their particular location.
 Fire precautions are dealt with comprehensively in these model building codes. Many of the
fire standards referenced in the codes are issued by the American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM). Many building authorities also use the nationally available NFPA 101 Life
Safety Code of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), which also covers fire
precautions.
U.K.:-
Like U.S., in U.K. also there is no universal building code applicable. Following are building regulations
apply in the various parts of the United Kingdom:
 England and Wales: The Building Regulations 1991.
 Scotland: The Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990-1997.
 Northern Ireland: The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1991.
These regulations give the technical provisions for use and fire performance of building materials and
components in the supporting documents to the Building Regulations. All the technical provisions are
based on the same test methods specified in British Standards.
Japan:-
In Japan, The Building Standards Law came into effect on November 16, 1950. The law lays down
guidelines and standards for plots of land, building design, furnishing and use. The law after subsequent
revisions defines:
 Basic requirements - definition of categories of building parts and materials
 Fireproof, fire preventive construction, non-combustible materials, etc.
 Quasi non-combustible materials, fire retardant materials, and so forth.
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 Performance criteria required for defined building parts and materials

 Fireproof, quasi-fireproof, fire preventive construction
 Non-combustible, quasi-non-combustible, fire retardant materials.
 Approval of building parts and materials with the required performance

 Approval for "performance evaluation report" of tested materials (based on
specific test methods and technical criteria) are submitted by designated
examination bodies
 Among the specification-based materials listed in the previous notifications,
those that proved to satisfy the new fire performance requirements are
presented in the new regulation system.
Other Countries:-
The other countries where there are building codes regulating the products used in the building
construction are: China, Germany, France, Belgium, Ethiopia and Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland,
Iceland, Norway and Sweden) amongst others.
Apart from the building regulations explained above there are other regulations which recommends and
mandates the usage of technical textile products for building applications. Some regulations and
standard practices also require the technical textile products to be used for enhanced performance and
safety purposes. The regulations for some of the products are explained as below:
Scaffolding nets:-
In US, OHSA regulates and mandates the use of fall protection system including the safety nets and
personal fall arrest systems. The act requires the employer to determine if the walking/working surfaces
on which its employees are to work have the strength and structural integrity to support employees
safely. The act mandates the employer to protect the employees from falling by the use of guardrail
systems, scaffolding/safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems. There are also other regulations
mandating the use of safety nets at specified places of work.
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House-wrap:-
In US, the building code requirements for air infiltration and moisture protection barriers encourage the
use of House wraps. All Model codes recommend the use of a weather-resistant barrier paper behind
porous veneers. Though the codes usually cite 15-pound felt, all the codes allow for the substitution of
"equivalent" materials, opening the door for plastic house-wraps. The house-wraps are mandated to
pass performance tests conducted by an independent lab to qualify as an equal. There are also some
states (Massachusetts, Michigan and Wisconsin), which have incorporated air barrier requirements into
their commercial energy conservation codes. This encourages the use of house wraps.
Hometech
In U.K., for the hometech segment, there are regulations in place for fire safety of Furniture and
Furnishings. The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988 set levels of fire resistance
for domestic upholstered furniture, furnishings and other products containing upholstery. These
regulations do not mandate the use of technical textile products but encourages the use of these
products as technical textile products are manufactured to meet these standards:
 furniture intended for private use in a dwelling, including children's furniture
 beds, head-boards of beds, mattresses (of any size)
 sofa-beds, futons and other convertibles
 nursery furniture
 garden furniture which is suitable for use in a dwelling
 furniture in new caravans
 scatter cushions and seat pads
 pillows
 loose and stretch covers for furniture
These regulations mandate the use of textile products meeting the set standards, resistance
requirements etc.
In U.S., there are also set Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public
Occupancies. These test procedures are mandatory to be followed and standards are mandated to be
met.
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Oekotech:-
In Oekotech, there are mandatory waste disposal policies in various countries in the world, but these are
very limited. Most of the developed countries including U.S., Germany, U.K., have the waste collection
and disposal policies, under which the waste is calculated by the residential and industrial premises and
is then disposed off in an appropriate manner. These policies mandate the usage of waste containers in
certain cases. The main policies are highlighted as under:
In U.S.A,
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) gives the guidelines for the storage and collection of residential,
commercial and institutional solid waste under Title 40 Part 243. The code gives the design
specifications for different type of containers and mandates the usage of these containers. The law gives
the requirements and recommended procedures and operations for safety, collection equipment, and
collection frequency and collection management. The code highlights the following:-
 All solid waste containing food wastes shall be securely stored in covered or closed
containers which are non-absorbent, leak-proof, durable, easily cleanable (if reusable), and
designed for safe handling so that that they do not constitute a fire, health, or safety hazard.
 Containers shall be of an adequate size and in sufficient numbers to contain all food wastes,
rubbish, and ashes that a residence or other establishment generates in the period of time
between collections.
 In the design of all buildings or other facilities which are constructed, modified, or leased
after the effective date of these guidelines, there shall be provisions for storage in
accordance with these guidelines which will accommodate the volume of solid waste
anticipated, which may be easily cleaned and maintained, and which will allow for efficient,
safe collection.
 Waste containers used for the storage of solid waste must meet the standards established
by the ANSI for waste containers.
In District of Columbia, the government has a mandatory Solid Waste Management Policy under which
The District’s Executive Branch must provide a clearly labelled box for separation and collection of
recyclable paper for every government employee’s office work area. Paper deposited in such boxes shall
be moved to appropriate designated collection points in each building to be collected by the custodial
staff and, finally hauled and delivered to a recycling facility.
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7. Competitive Assessment of India vis-a-vis other countries

US, Europe and China are the largest manufacturers of technical textile product together accounting for
more than 80% of the production. While the production in Europe and US is stagnant for the last few
years, China is rapidly building capacity for production of technical textile products. Other than these,
key manufacturers of technical textile are Korea, Japan, Turkey, India, Mexico and Brazil. India accounts
for less than 5% of the world technical textile production. The production of Technical textiles across top
ten technical textile manufacturing countries is shown in the following exhibit.
Exhibit 456: Fibre consumption of technical textiles across the world

1800 14%
1630
1600 12% 1540
1480 12%
1400
1190
10%
9%
1200
1050 1047
in '000 MTPA
1000 8%
7%
800 6%
6%
600 5%
4%
400 3%
207 183 154
120
182 110 2%
200 1% 148 90 36
123 115 106
1% 1% 69 29
0%
0 0%
China US Europe Turkey Korea Russia Japan Taiwan India Brazil
2009 2013 Growth rate
*source: Report on world market technical textile by CIRFS
In the last few years, globally the manufacturing of non-woven has increased with better awareness
about the benefits of the same. India accounts for about 6% of world’s non woven production. China is
world’s largest non –woven producer accounting for close to 60% of world production. The major
manufacturing locations for non woven are located in Asia and Latin America. The top manufacturing
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countries are China, India, Korea, Brazil and Mexico. During the last five years only India and China have
seen high growth rate in production of non-woven fabric, while investment in most other developing
countries has been insignificant. The production of non woven across the top non woven manufacturing
countries is shown in Exhibit 457.
Exhibit 457: Production of non woven across major countries
3,000 16%
2,435 14%
2,500
13% 13%
12%
2,000 10%
in '000 MTPA
9% 1,685
8%
1,500
6%
1,000 4%
1% 2%
3% 252 225
500 118
220 229 220
129 183 220 0% 120 0%
2 2 -1%
- -2%
Europe Turkey China India Korea Brazil Mexico
2009 2013 Growth rate
*source: Report on world market technical textile by CIRFS, IMaCS analysis
International trade
European Union (EU) is the largest exporter of technical textile in the world closely followed by China.
India accounts for roughly 4% of exports of technical textile world over. The details of imports of
technical textile by the top 10 exporting countries are as shown in Exhibit.
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Exhibit 458: Export of technical textile in the world - 2010
2010- World export of technical textiles
Mexico 13
Russia 27
Brazil 130
Japan 210
India 379
Taiwan 481
Korea 496
US 838
China 3399
EU 3963
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
exports in '000 MT
Source: Report on world market technical textile by CIRFS
On the import side, EU and US are the largest importers accounting for close to 70% of imports of
technical textile. Europe is the largest player in technical textile foreign trade having a major share in
both exports and imports. The imports of technical textile across top ten importing countries is as shown
in Exhibit 459.
Exhibit 459: Major importers of technical textiles - 2010
2010- World import of technical textiles
Mexico 16
Brazil 140
Taiwan 143
India 253
Korea 325
Russia 335
Japan 469
China 525
US 1682
EU 4728
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
imports in '000 MT
Source: Report on world market technical textile by CIRFS
Consumption of technical textiles

While India is slowly catching up to become a significant player in technical textile world market, there is
a lot of unexplored potential in the domestic market that has not yet been tapped primarily due to lack
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of awareness about the benefits of technical textiles. The Indian per capita consumption of non woven is
just about 200 gm whereas the world wide non woven consumption is estimated to be 1.1 kg. Although
the Indian per capita consumption is expected to grow at 15% in coming years, there still is a vast
potential for non woven application in India
Exhibit 460: Per capita non woven consumption
Per capita consumption of non woven

1.40 1.2
1.1 1.2
1.20 1.0 1.1
1.0
in kgs per person
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40 0.26 0.30
0.18 0.20 0.23
0.15
0.20
-
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(P) 2014-15(P) 2015-16(P)
Worldwide India
Source: EDANA, IMaCS analysis

Similarly India also lacks in the consumption of composites when compared to the world with per capita
consumption of composites hovering at just around 0.25 kg in India when compared to that of 10 kg in
United States of America. Indian composite usage is mostly limited to glass fibre composites with very
little application of carbon composites.
Country wise factor analysis

The major factors incentivising investment and production of technical textiles are easy availability of
raw material, cheap labour force goods promotional policies and low power tariffs. Comparison of India
with respect to major developing countries involved in technical textile industry is as follows:
Comparison of labour cost

India is one of the places with cheapest labour when it comes to technical textile industry. Given the
fact, that many segments of technical textile industry require lot of manual labour in form of stitching
and weaving, cheap labour acts as a substantial benefit over other countries in particular China. Labour
cost across major countries is shown in the following Exhibit.
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Exhibit 461: Average labour cost across countries - 2011
France 30.39
Germany 25.4
US 17.4
UK 17.7
Brazil 3.41
Turkey 4.5
S. Korea 8.2
China 2.1
India 1.06
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Labour cost in USD per hour
Source: Werner International, IMaCS Analysis
Comparison of Transportation cost

Technical textile industry across the world is staggered, with Asia leading in exports and US and EU
leading in consumption and imports. Therefore for most countries involved in foreign trade of technical
textile, the transport cost incurred becomes a major factor while importing products. Unlike labour, the
transport and handling cost at Indian ports is relatively on a higher side when compared to other
countries. China exporters have an advantage here with total transport and handling cost at ports at just
about 1/ 3rd of other major suppliers. The detail of the transport and handling cost at ports is as shown
in the exhibit below.
Exhibit 462: Average handling and transport cost at ports in USD

700
575 600
600 570
transport cost in USD
500
400
300 235
200
100
0
India China S. Korea Turkey
Source: World Bank, IMaCS Analysis
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Comparison of availability of raw material

One of the prime factors determining the growth of technical textile industry in a country is the easy
availability of raw materials. India and China has advantages when it comes to availability of raw
material due to a flourishing indigenous textile industry. India and China are amongst the largest
producers of both man-made and natural fibres which gives them a strategic edge of availability of
cheap and regular supply of key raw materials. Comparison on the same front can be seen as under:
Exhibit 463: Raw material availability in key textile countries

South Latin
Raw Material India China Japan EU Turkey
Korea America
Production
Man- made fibres High Very high Moderate Low Moderate Moderate Low
Natural Fibres High Very High Low High Low Low Low
Dependency on import Low Low Moderate High High Moderate High
2012 International Top 40 Non-woven Companies

The top 40 international companies by sales value are mentioned in the below table:
Exhibit 464: Top international non woven companies
S.No Company Sales
(2012)
1 Freudenberg $ 1.48 Billion
2 Dupont $ 1.35 Billion
3. Kimberly-Clark Corporation $ 1.25 Billion
4 PGI $ 120 million
5 Ahlstrom Corporation $ 106 million
6 Johns Manville Corporation $ 670 million
6 Fitesa company $ 670 million
8 Glatfelter $ 538 million
9 Fiberweb company $ 465 million
10 Avgol $ 329 million
11 Sandler AG Sandler AG $ 311 million
12 Hollingsworth & Vose (H & V) Hayes-Group (H & V) $ 300 million
13 Japan Vilene $ 263 million
14 Companhia Providencia $ 260 million
15 First Quality Nonwovens $ 250 million
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S.No Company Sales

(2012)
16 Asahi Kasei $ 246 million
17 Buckeye Technologies $ 239 million
18 Fibertex Personal Care A / S Fibertex Personal Care A / S $ 229 million
19 Toray Advanced Materials Advanced Materials $ 224 million
20 Mitsui Chemicals Mitsui Chemicals $ 219 million
21 Colbond company $ 210 million
22 Pegas Nonwovens PEGAS Nonwovens $ 203 million
23 Jacob Holm Industries Jacob Holm $ 192 million
24 Union Industries $ 184 million
25 Toyobo $ 164 million
26 Vita Nonwovens $ 159 million
27 Georgia-Pacific $ 152 million
28 Andrew Industries $ 150 million
28 Textilgruppe Hof $ 150 million
30 Propex Holdings $ 140 million
31 Lydall Company $ 134 million
32 Precision Custom Coatings $ 132 million
33 Suominen Nonwovens Suominen Nonwovens $ 131 million
34 Hassan Group $ 128 million
35 Fibertex Nonwovens A / S Fibertex Nonwovens A / S $ 126 million
36 Unitika $ 122 million
37 The Jofo Group $ 120 million
38 Nan Liu Enterprise South six corporate NEW $ 118 million
39 Spuntech $ 113 million
40 Kuraray $ 112 million
41 KNH $ 100 million
42 Dounor Nonwovens $ 92 million
Source: Taiwan nonwoven fabrics industry association
Key Advantages of investing in India w.r.t global players

With respect to other developing countries that are proficient in technical textiles like China, Taiwan,
Japan and Korea, India has a distinct advantage of being at a geographically favourable position as well
as a strong raw material base which gives it an edge when looking of investment. In addition to this, the
fast growing domestic market is a major driving force for the technical textile industry which is still in a
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nascent stage with vast potential of growth lying untapped within Indian markets. These factors coupled
with the promotional incentives provided by the government for targeting export market makes India a
favourable destination for investment in technical textiles. The key advantages with respect to global
counterparts have been further enumerated as follows:
1. A strong raw material base second only to China in both natural fibres as well as manmade
fibres
2. A stable political government that promotes investment and has policy benefits to attract
investors.
3. A growing domestic market with increasing purchasing power where technical textiles is
expected to grow significantly in coming year
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Products being used in other countries but not in India

As the technical textile industry of India is still in its growing phase especially in the segments of geo-
tech, agro-tech and Meditech, there are few products that are yet to come to Indian markets. Some of
the key products that can have a potential market in India are:
Silage bags
India has one of the largest cattle populations in the world, making it one of the leading countries in milk
production. However, the dairy industry of India is highly un-organised and traditional in approach with
share of organised industry limited to just 6.5% of the industry. Most of the production is carried out in
villages and small dairy sheds at sub-urban locations.
The industry faces the issue of poor milk yield, which is less than 50% of the average yield around the
world. It is because the cattle is given dry fodder for most of the year, as the period for cultivation of
green fodder is limited to just a few months. Indian government has been actively involved in promoting
storage of this green fodder through underground-silos and bunkers.
In light of this, silage bags which are polypropylene bags can provide significant breakthrough for the
industry as they can store green fodder for long periods up to three years. Silage bags is a new
technology that is fast catching up in Indian markets and is expected to become a significant part of the
technical textile industry in coming years. The main benefits of using silage bags are:
 Lower cost as compared to concrete or brick silos
 Higher quality of silage
 Low storage losses due to spoilage
 Longer storage of green fodder
 Bags can be easily transported as compared to fixed concrete silos
 They are available in all sizes from 50 kg to 500 kg capacity. Hence, farmers based on their
requirement and financial capacity can go for the preferred silage bag
Silage bags are yet to catch up in India. Currently Reliance is producing FIBC silage bags along with few
other manufacturers located primarily in Gujarat like Saurya Polypack.
Disposable drapes for Medical use

Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are bacterial or fungal infections that are difficult to cure due to the
antibiotic resistance developed by the microbe due to continuous exposure to hospital environments
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using antibiotic. As a result, these infections prove to be very serious and difficult to control making
prevention of occurrence or spread of such diseases the best option. A major factor responsible for
spread of HAIs is soiled linen. Therefore, disposable anti bacterial medical textiles are used in most of
the developed countries to prevent spread of HAIs.
HAI occurrence in developed countries is on a lower side varying from 3% to 12% while the occurrence
in developing countries ranges from 6% to 19%, making HAI a major cause of hospital deaths. In India,
the occurrence of HAI is around 25%, making it a very serious threat. A major reason behind this is poor
management of hospitals and patient care apparatus and clothing. Disposable textiles for medical use
can be a major breakthrough in Indian medical care scenario as it would inhibit growth and spread of
HAIs, making the hospitals a lot safer.
Disposable curtains, bed sheets and pillows are commonly used in hospitals and nursing homes around
the world to prevent spread of infection. Disposable drapes and textiles used for medical purposes
include curtains, bed sheets, towels, clothing, and pillows. They have a life of close to one year;
however, it is recommended that they be replaced at any outbreak of infection.
These are manufactured from a durable, disposable, and completely recyclable polypropylene fabric
which inhibits bacteria growth. These can be made from both woven PP and non woven PP. However
use of non-woven is preferred around the world due to its cheaper cost. These have the following
crucial benefits which make them suitable for use in hospitals:
 Anti-bacterial
 Waterproof
 Recyclable
 Cheaper when compared to woven textile
Major manufacturers of disposable textiles around the world are Haines Medical in Australia, Global
Medics in New Zealand and Opal disposables.
House wraps
House wraps are protective wrapping fabric made of synthetic materials usually made of high density
polyethene fibres or polypropylene fibres. These function as weather resistant barrier preventing rains,
snow and dust from damaging the walls of the building, while allowing water vapour to pass through to
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the exterior thereby increasing the life of the walls. Textile based house wraps are of the following
types:
 Laminated polypropylene based woven house wraps
 Supercalendered wetlaid polyethylene fibril non woven house wraps
 Fibreglass based house wraps
Typical properties of house wraps are:
 Light weight
 Water resistive barrier
 U V Stabilization
 Chemical and flame resistance
 High abrasion/ tear resistance
 Limited air permeability
House wraps are commonly used in Europe and U.S.A in areas which face extreme weathers and high
weather fluctuations particularly in areas having high snowfall and rains, as melting snow and heavy
rains can have a damaging effect on the walls.
The key manufacturers of house wraps are Du Pont with Its brand Tyvek and Kimberly Clark with its
brand Block-iT.
In India, the product has not been taken up commercially expect for a few limited applications. The
product can be of high value in the Northern Himalayan regions which face heavy snowfall and the
North Eastern areas which witness heavy rainfall.
Building Composites
Composites used for building applications include composite Fibre Re-enforced Plastic (FRP) re-
enforcement bars (Re-Bars), composite foundation walls and door components. While the use of Re-
Bars in India is fast catching up with increasing awareness and engineers preferring Re-Bars in
construction of brides and foundations in difficult terrains, the usage of composite foundation wall and
composite doors are yet to catch up in Indian market.
Composite foundation walls are a recent development launched in US in June 2014. It is made of fire
resistant modar resin and consists of a fibreglass composites panel. The key advantage of these wall
panels is that they can be quickly assembled and are light in weight, while providing high performance
against weathers and chemicals. The composite foundation wall has been developed by Composite
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Panel Systems (U.S.A), Fibertech Industries Ltd. (U.S.A) using the materials from Ashland Performance
materials (U.S.A).
Composite doors are used mostly in Europe and US. They offer the benefits of increased performance
and strength due to higher resistivity of these doors to weather, fire and chemicals, while providing the
flexibility of using a material of choice as the core which could be of wood or any other material. The
composite doors have relatively high durability as compared to normal doors. While the idea of having
composite doors is catching up in Indian building and construction Industry, the market is still in a very
nascent stage. Key global manufacturers of composite doors are GRP composite Doors, Solidor and
Permadoor in U.K.
Silt bags
Silt bags are basically sediment control bags which have the technical properties of retaining the
sediments while letting out water due to its micro porous construct. The Silt Bag is designed to filter
water. These bags are mostly made of durable geotextile filter fabric usually of non woven.
These bags due to its water filtering capabilities find application across construction industry for
different purposes. Key applications of silt bags are:
 It is used as filtering device for filtering waste water from construction sites and storage sites.
The water often contains a lot of toxic and chemical waste which cannot be directly released in
the environment. Hence the water is released using a silt bag, which lets out the water while
retaining the waste.
 Removal of silt from water bodies: Silt removal keeps the water bodies fresh and usable. Silt
bags are often laid on the shores of water bodies where the water is pumped into the bags
using a pump. Once through the bag, the silt is retained and the clean water seeps out. The silt
stored can be used for any landscaping requirement.
The silt bags find application as dirt bag to remove waste and also as a silt fence to prevent silt from
entering a water body.
The key players in silt bag across the world are Reed and Graham Geosynthetics, Granite Environmental
and ACF environmental.
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8. Opportunities, Challenges & Recommendations

Since 2008, the global economy has witnessed a slow down leading to production and consumption
slow down.
Technical textile industry is driven by the demand from several end user industries, so the impact of
slowdown has trickled down into the technical textile industry across the globe including India. However
during the last five years several positive trends have been witnessed in India, which include
 Increase in exports across products/segments such as fishnets and other nets, ropes & cordages,
conveyor belts, geo textiles, surgical disposables, protective textiles, surgical sutures etc.
 Domestic consumption has increased across several products including shade nets, scaffolding
nets, hygiene and surgical products, etc.
 Institutional consumption has also increased across several segments including Geotech,
Meditech, Protech, etc.
 Import substitution has also improved in some of the product segments such as diapers
With Indian economy expected to grow, these trends are expected further to drive technical textile
production and exports during this decade fueled by strong consumer and institutional demand coupled
with manufacturing competitiveness. With the increasing manufacturing cost in China, India is expected
to emerge stronger in case of exports of several products.
However, there are still several challenges for the growth of Technical Textile industry in India, which
are:
1. Raw material availability
2. Lack of norms for TT products
3. Lack of Domestic Technical Textile Machinery Manufacturers
4. Research and Development capability
5. Lack of awareness about Technical textile products
6. Lack of skilled manpower
In addition to these challenges, there are structural issues such as availability of infrastructure, quality
power, anomalies in taxation, labour policies, etc, which may slower the growth of the industry.
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Vision
The Technical textile industry in India has witnessed a double-digit growth of 12% during the last five
years growing from a mere Rs. 36,775 crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 73,679 in 2013-14. The years have seen a
stable growth in domestic consumption as well as growth in exports. Over the years, newer technical
textile products with higher value addition have made a foothold in Indian markets and the industry is
steadily graduating from a low value added intermediate-product manufacturer to high value added
end-product manufacturer. It has also been a stronghold for budding entrepreneurs and SMEs who
either have started afresh in technical textiles or have diversified from conventional textiles.
However, when compared to Europe and China who are the global leaders in technical textiles, India still
has a long way to go in developing specialized technical textiles from basic research for high tech
applications across industries. The per capita usage of technical textiles particularly nonwoven and
composites has seen remarkable growth in last few years and has a significant future potential for
growth. The increased usage of technical textiles is expected to bring significant cost and usage benefits
to industries and technical applications in India, promoting the overall life and quality of output across
industries
There has been a continuous support from the Government through fiscal benefits and industrial
policies for technology up-gradation and R&D promotion in the industry.
With due consideration to the above findings, the following vision is being proposed for technical
textiles sector in India
“To increase our technical textile manufacturing to Rs. 5.2 lakh crore by 2025 targeting exports of Rs. 1.3
lakh crore by 2025 by becoming the preferred global technical textile manufacturing destination with
focus on export oriented manufacturing specializing in high value added technical textile manufacturing
targeting the industrial and end user consumer segments”
To achieve such vision IMaCS proposed the following recommendations:
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Recommendations
IMaCS ‘recommendations for facilitating the growth of technical textiles in India are primarily targeted
at resolving the impediments to growth discussed above. The recommendations are classified under
Fiscal, R&D, HRD and others.
Fiscal
Reduce import duty on specialty fibres*19

Specialized fibres and yarn required for manufacturing of some of high-end technical textiles products.
Some of these specialty fibres are not produced indigenously and are often imported from other
countries. The import duty on such fibres and yarn is a very high in the range of 23-26 %. Thus the
landed cost becomes very high making the technical textile products uncompetitive against the
imported TT products. The import duties on such products, which are not produced in India, have to be
rationalized towards increasing the manufacturing by adding value. The net import duty rates are
subject to change with the introduction of GST (Goods and Services Tax). Basic Custom Duty will
continue to be there under GST system. However, the additional custom duty in lieu of CVD /Excise and
the Special Additional Duty (SAD) in lieu of sales tax/VAT will be subsumed in the GST.
Remove VAT* levied on non-woven fabric

In certain states, VAT levied on non-woven fabrics is higher than that on other textile fabrics e.g. in case
of Tamil Nadu, VAT on non woven fabric and its product is 5% where as the woven and knitted fabrics of
cotton, artificial fibres/filaments, etc are exempted from VAT. VAT on non-woven fabric should be
removed to promote its consumption.
Research and Development
Pushing PPP in R&D with the existing COEs

Under TMTT, Government has set up eight centres of excellence for providing infrastructure support to
the industry in terms of testing facilities, incubation centres, facilities for product development etc.
There is a need to leverage this R&D infrastructure towards development of new products. Therefore,
the existing manufacturing units should be incentivized to utilize the infrastructure and R&D capability
19* Subject to GST Implementation
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of CoEs to produce new value added products, which can be commercialized. Research and
development activities by private organizations, can be dovetailed with Central Government schemes
that promote R&D under the departments of DST, DSIR and CSIR. Soft loans available for R&D under
different Central and State schemes can also be used for R&D in technical textiles sector. Incase of R&D
investments are entirely from GoI incase of PPP projects, IPR may remain with CoEs.
Human Resource Development

Lack of skilled labour is one of the major constraints in technical textile industry. Government should
take the following measures in this regard:
 Ensure inclusion of Geotech in Civil Engineering curriculum of various engineering colleges like
IITs with specialized masters programmes for Geotech, Buildtech and Oekotech
 Introduce focused courses on non-woven, composites, coated and laminated fabrics covering
it’s applications in addition to technical information.
 Introduce courses at Masters level of textiles engineering for technical textiles
 Conduct joint promotion and training with institutions involved in extension activities for
farmers like agricultural universities, co-operatives, agrochemical and fertilizer manufacturers,
financial institutions/banks, on usage of Agro-textiles
 Increased focus of Textile Sector Skill Council (TSC) under NSDC towards training on technical
textiles and related segments could provide a significant boost in making skilled workforce
available in the sector. Courses may be identified in the area of woven (technical textile), non-
wovens, composites, coated & laminated fabrics, etc., covering all the 12 segments and training
may be provided under PPP basis at various clusters/locations where the units exist or training
may be conducted with the assistance of CoEs.
 Facility for industrial visits to technical textile plants should be included in the course curriculum
for graduation and post graduation courses related to textiles and technical textiles, to provide a
firsthand experience to the students who would soon be making a debut into the industry.
These industrial visits should be complemented with detailed presentation on the high potential
of technical textile industry and various segments in it so as to attract young work force to the
industry.
 An option of undertaking case studies and projects related to technical textiles should be made
available to the students undergoing graduate and post graduate courses related to textiles. Tie
ups with CoEs and textile institutions should be made to facilitate such studies. In addition, case
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studies related to technical textiles should be inculcated in curriculum of Post graduation and
Management courses. Students should be provided with facility to conduct case studies on
technical textile sector to attract young Managerial and business oriented students to the
industry.
Export Promotion
Identification of HSN codes for Technical Textiles

 It is important to identify and distinguish technical textiles items from the conventional textiles
to implement schemes related to exports. Wherever the HSN code does not exist for important
products, such codes have to be created.
Export promotion assistance

 Since major consumers of technical textile products are developed countries, it is recommended
to grant the benefit of Market Linked Focus Product Scheme (MLFPS) when exported to
European Union (EU) and USA.
 Increase the coverage of products under Focus Product Scheme.
 Increase incentive/entitlement to 5% from existing 2% for exports under MIES scheme.
 Increase in duty draw back and caps for technical textile products.
 Continuation of incremental export scheme for technical textiles
 Coverage of pre used technical textile machinery under EPCG scheme.
 Extend the benefit of 3 % rate of Interest Subvention Scheme on Pre and Post shipment Rupee
Export Credit to technical textiles.
 Focus on Technical textiles should be maintained while negotiating FTAs with key importing
countries to promote Indian technical textile exports especially in the emerging markets of Asia,
Africa and South America.
 The duty drawback provided for export promotion for technical textiles should be well
illustrated and easy for new entrepreneurs to identify. Increased focus should be provided to
newer segments of specialty fibres, industrial fibres and composites.
Setting up of an export promotion council

 During the last five years, the exports of Technical Textiles across several segments have
witnessed high growth owing improved competitiveness. There is a need to leverage this
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momentum and position India as a key Technical Textile Manufacturer. Technical Textile export
promotion council may be set up to promote Indian TT products across the globe. The council
may focus on identification of market opportunities and promotion of Indian technical textiles
across the globe by conducting/facilitating Buyer Seller Meets, Conferences, Exhibitions,
Workshops, etc.
Promotion of Investment in Technical Textiles:
Promotion of FDI in Technical textiles

Technology is a key source of competitiveness in Technical Textile industry. Foreign players, which have
technology and expertise, can set up manufacturing and R&D units in India to cater to Indian and Global
markets. To attract FDI, it is necessary to communicate competitive strengths of India across the globe.
So it is recommended to identify countries that have technology and expertise which would include US,
European countries, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, etc. Decision makers of top technical textile companies may
be invited and workshops/road shows may be conducted in each of the country highlighting advantages
of investing in India
It is recommended to have provisions for promotion of joint ventures in technical textiles. Special focus
should be provided to upcoming and high value segments of specialized fibres and yarn and composite
to attract top firms across the world to have a set up in India. To incentivize these global organizations,
facilities like protection of IPRs can be ensured, along with support for acquisition of machinery and
R&D. This would also help in technology transfer to India.
Fund allocation to Technical textiles under the RRTUFS scheme to attract domestic investors
The investments in technical textile via TUFS have seen limited growth since 2007-08. Separate
allocation of funds for technical textiles under TUFS would help the sector to attract more Investments.
Special focus on certain products to promote investment

Technical textile industry in India is in its growth stage and many high value-added products and
strategic products are yet to take off in a big way in the domestic and export markets. In light of this,
additional policy support should be extended to upcoming sectors and high potential sectors to attract
investments. These policy supports could include incentivising via tax rebates, preferential land
allocation and re-imbursement or exemption of municipal tax and stamp duty.
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Creation of Focus Incubation Centres (FICs)

Incubation centres with focus on providing a firsthand experience in technical textiles, should be
promoted at CoEs, Large institutions, SITPs and major clusters. These Incubation centres would provide
a plug and play infrastructure available on rental basis to entrepreneurs for a specified period to try
their hand at technical textile businesses. These incubation centres can also be developed in partnership
with Private technical textile organisations, which would provide a dedicated space and machinery for
the incubation centre along with a dedicated work force on a rental basis. This would help in
encouraging entrepreneurs to invest in technical textile sector.
Cost effective business model for MSMEs available on public website of Textile Ministry
A sample business model for starting an MSME for major technical textile products having high potential
should be developed and made available on the website of Ministry of Textiles, Office of Textile
Commission and Ministry of MSME. This would have details of the machinery and manpower
requirement along with details of land required and finances required. The Business model can also list
out methods of financing providing snapshots of different schemes of Govt. of India that can be used for
funding of the same. Such a business model would help entrepreneurs and businessmen who intend to
get into the sector but have little knowledge or awareness regarding the industry and the requirements
for setting up units.
In addition dedicated training programmes for development of entrepreneurial skills in technical textiles
for the SME sector is recommended for increased participation of the SME sector in the industry.
Consultancy services by CoEs to Businessmen and Entrepreneurs

Globally CoEs are involved in not just research and development activities but also in providing
consultancy and complete implementation support to organisations entering their domain of expertise.
CoEs in India may also offer consultancy support to entrepreneurs and businessmen for setting new
unit, upgrading old machinery, identifying market potential and developing newer products in their
domain of technical textiles. This coupled with R&D support and easy availability of business model for
MSMEs would create a fertile environment for smaller businesses to diversify into technical textiles. It
would also be beneficial for the CoEs which would have additional channels for revenue generation via
consulting along with R&D support.
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It is recommended that in order to develop consultancy services and commercialise other Research
activities by CoEs appropriate National or International body of repute like Industry associations,
Reputed Institutions, Consulting organisations should be involved so as to identify the key strategies and
requirements of foreign CoEs and replicate the same in India to bring Indian CoEs to the same level of
commercialisation.
Import Substitution to attract new investments

 Across several segments of fibres, rolled goods and coverted product there is import
dependency. Over the last five years improvement has been witnessed with some of the
products being manufactured in India. Still import substitution is an are of opportunity for new
investmentAreas where import substitution opportunities exist have to be communicated to the
investors in Technical textile space to promote imnvetments.Items like airbags and automotive
textiles which are largely imported should be promoted for domestic production through
replication of production processes.
Regulatory Mechanism for promotion of Usage of technical

textiles
Agrotech
The regulatory and promotional mechanism and incentives can improve the consumption of agro based
TT products such as shade nets, plant nets, harvesting nets, crop covers, mulch films and anti bird and
anti hail nets. The following are the key interventions to boost Agrotech consumption:
1. Increasing the total subsidy limit for technical textile products to 70% of the total cost from the
current 50%.
2. Inclusion of crop covers and woven and non woven textile based mulch mats into NHM and NHB
subsidies.
3. Increasing the overall budget for protected cultivation form the current planned Rs. 70 lakh for
MIDH scheme20.
4. Providing an additional subsidy support from the State governments for protected cultivation,
especially in the Himalayan and North Eastern States, which have high potential for horticulture
and floriculture products.
20 http://nhm.nic.in/Archive/midh(English).pdf
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5. Active promotion to increase awareness and facilitation of farmers and entrepreneurs to go for
larger plantations having protected cultivation, which would be subsidised through National
Horticulture Board (NHB) subsidies. NHB offers subsidies for large commercial projects having
area of over 4,000 sq. m. Whereas National Horticulture Mission (NHM) offers benefits for
individual farmers and small plantations. The share of NHB subsidies when compared to the
ones offered through National Horticulture Mission (NHM) is also very less. Increased focus on
NHB subsidies would be added incentive for entrepreneurs to go for larger plantations which
would have modern technologies.
6. Agro textile promotional schemes like Agricultural promotion in North East should be
implemented in other high focus regions such as Himalayan States and along the Western
Ghats.
7. Incentives should be provided for crop insurance in case where the farmer insuring the crop has
also used agro textiles. This would promote usage of agro textiles by farmers who go for crop
insurance as well as increase awareness for both crop insurance and agrotextiles.
In addition to the above mentioned interventions regulatory activities of developing adequate standards
for all the agro textile products should be expedited. Also extensive research for development of
advanced technical textiles for agricultural uses should be promoted at the COEs. It is recommended
that a new Research Committee for Agriculture (RCA) having participation from Ministry of Agriculture,
National Horticultural Board, Ministry of Textiles, Centre of Excellences and reputed Industry
associations and agricultural Institutions across the country should be constituted for promotion of Agro
textile usage and research.
Key advantages
Aggressive promotion of agro textiles through the above mentioned interventions would help increase
the productivity and the quality of output for various horticultural products, leading to increased
remuneration for the horticultural farmers. It would also increase the confidence of farmers in modern
agricultural techniques.
Meditech
Meditech products that are meant for hospital use and for dressing of wounds, have to be regulated
through strict regulatory policies to ensure the safety of patients and prevention of spread of Hospital
acquired infections. These regulations can have a significant impact on the usage of Meditech products
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especially ensuring the type and kind of medical technical textile to be used in these products. The key
products that can be promoted through string regulations are surgical disposables such as non woven
caps, gloves, masks, etc., as well as disposable hospital linens. The key regulatory mechanisms to
increase the consumption of technical textiles for Meditech are:
1. Regulations making it mandatory to use non woven disposables like caps, shoe covers, etc
instead of woven re-usable ones.
2. Regulation for use of non woven disposable bed linen, curtains and pillow covers.
3. While the above regulations and guidelines would promote use of technical textiles, to facilitate
the same, supporting guidelines for safe disposable of the non woven disposable fabric and
products must also be developed and circulated across the all hospitals and healthcare
institutions.
4. Promotional campaign creating awareness about probable reduction in HAIs through use of
disposable technical textile fabrics.
Key Advantages
Regulatory mechanisms for use of disposable fabrics and dressings and its safe disposal, would help in
preventing the spread of infections through various tangible mediums within hospitals. This would be
very beneficial for reducing the occurrence of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs). Currently India has a
very high rate of occurrence of HAIs, over 20% as compared to other developed countries where the
occurrence of HAIs is limited to around 7%.
Mobiltech
Mobiltech, technical textiles employed in automotives, is one of the segments most amenable to
regulations given that it has significant consequences in terms of safety and consumption for masses.
Within Mobiltech, a sizeable institutional consumer is the railways. The railways specify the necessary
materials to be used in its seats and berths and upholstery in various specifications designed by the
Research Designs and Standards Organization (RDSO). For example: The seat covers and berths used in
the coaches in the Railways need to be of specified materials PU Foam/densified thermal bonded
polyester blocks to RDSO specification 21(and adherent to the requirements specified in the Schedule of
Technical Requirements (STR) for manufacture of the said fittings by the RDSOA. Also, stain proof fire
21 PU Foam or Densified thermal bonded polyester blocks to RDSO specification No.C-K607 can be supplied as an alternative to PU foam to
specification No. RDSO/2007/CG-04) as given in SCHEDULE OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY OF SEATS &
BERTHS COMPLETE FOR AC AND NON-AC RAILWAY COACHES MANUFACTURED BY ICF DRAFT FOR COMMENTS FROM SUPPLIERS
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resistant upholstery cloth to RDSO specification no. C-K 610 of specified colour only can be procured for
AC First Class side of AC coach.
Other product categories of Mobiltech that has regulation pertinent to it in place are seat belts and
helmets. Relevant regulation for making of airbags mandatory in motor vehicles is on the anvil and may
be expected soon.
In India, all cars manufactured after March 25, 1994 were mandated to be equipped with front seat
belts through the Indian Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 that has been amended from time to time. The rule
was extended for rear seats in 2002. The usage of seat belts is to be implemented by the respective
states with most states making seat belt usage for front seat passengers mandatory in 2002. Older
vehicles that did not have seat belts originally were exempted. However, now a new Road Transport and
Safety Bill proposed by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways is slated to replace the ageing Motor
Vehicles Act, 1988. This Bill targets saving two lakh lives in first 5 years by way of reduction in road
traffic accident deaths. It has a very heavy focus on emphasising passenger safety.
Also, the government will mandate airbags and offset frontal and side-impact crash tests. Presently, cars
in India are not required by law to be crash tested or be fitted with airbags. The Society of Indian
Automobile Manufacturers has agreed to the new norms. The industry also seems to be geared to
implement these measures with two leading players Toyota Kirloskar and Volkswagen offering airbags
on most of their products sold in India. 22
Packtech
Within Packtech, PP woven sacks and jute bags are widely deployed for packaging of all types of items –
food grains, sugar, salt, cement etc. Out of these industries, Food items are the largest single consumer
of products covered in the segment of Packtech. The Government of India mandates various standards
and norms for packaging of food items. Popular regulation covers packaging of food grains and sugar.
Government of India has diluted the compulsory packing by directing that sugar to the extent of 20% of
total production of commodity shall be packed in jute packaging material for the year 2013-14 effective
from January 14 as against the compulsory packing at 40% under Jute Packaging Materials (Compulsory
use in packing commodities) Act, 1987 (JPMA). The compulsory packaging of food grains remained
constant at 90% of production under JPMA.
22
Business Standard
775
The Ministry of Environment and Forests that establishes the rules of classification, packaging and
labelling of hazardous substances could also play a key role in mandating the kind of materials that can
be used in packaging of such substances.
Sportech
Sportech Products like Architectural turfs, Parachute fabrics and Sport nets can be promoted through
regulatory policies. The key regulatory and promotional mechanisms for increasing usage are:
1. Promotional policy of Ministry of Youth and Sport (MoYS) and incentivising Sports Authority of
India (SAI) for up-grading grass turfs of Hockey and Football to astroturfs can be a major boost
to the artificial turf industry which currently constitutes 70% of the domestic artificial turf
market. SAI has been aggressively involved in up-grading all hockey turfs at its regional sub
centres and already has 13 artificial turf hockey and football fields. Along with hockey and
football turfs, usage of artificial turf should also be promoted for cricket wickets across National
cricket training grounds. In addition setting of standards and norms for replacement of artificial
turfs can be a major boost for increasing the consumption through replacement market in the
next five to ten years to come.
2. Providing cost subsidy to State governments for up-grading the hockey and football field turfs.
3. Policy support should be provided for promoting of sports at educational institutes and rural
areas, providing the guidance about the usable life and replacement period of different
products. Increase in sports would ultimately help increasing Sportech consumption.
Most of the other products are not institutional, but end use consumption products like tents,
sleeping bags, sport shoes and sport composites. The uses of these products are dependent on the
market demand from end consumers.
Key Advantages
The promotion of artificial turf would help increase the quality of Indian sporting infrastructure to a
globally acceptable level. This would not only promote India as a venue for International events, but
would also provide the necessary infrastructure to our sportsmen for practicing, thereby ensure that
they stay globally competitive.
776
Buildtech
Within the segment of Buildtech the products – hoardings and signage and scaffolding nets are used in
city landscaping and construction industry and regulatory measures for increasing the aesthetics of the
city and ensuring safety during construction activities can have a significant impact on their usage. The
key regulatory mechanisms for increasing usage are:
1. Regulatory norms and guidelines for increasing the aesthetics of the city should be developed
and promoted across all major cities. These norms would define the use of flex boards and
banners at different areas of the city would have a key impact on the usage of hoardings and
signage fabric. These norms could include providing of two and three sided bill boards so as to
increase the aesthetics of the city by having all side covered hoarding. Similarly use of high
quality flex fabric instead of PVC could be promoted for better readability and aesthetics.
2. Similarly a stricter regulation making it compulsory for contractors and construction companies
to use scaffolding nets during contraction of buildings in high density region or development of
bridges and high rise buildings would provide the necessary push to scaffolding nets for
penetration into tier II and tier III cities increasing the usage of scaffolding nets significantly.
3. Creating awareness about different technical textile products like awning and architectural
membranes.
Other products in the Buildtech segment are not industry dependent, but are used by end users or
contractors as per demand and requirements. Similarly the products in hometech and Clothtech
segment are entirely end consumer driven products. The usage of these products cannot be promoted
through regulatory measures.
Protech:
Protech is another segment which can be highly regulated and the usage is closely associated with the
usage norms and the regulatory policies in place. The key regulatory mechanisms for promoting usage of
Protech products are:
1. Developing the required standards for bullet proof jackets and other technical textile products.
2. Mandating the use of protective technical textiles work wear - fire retardant apparels, chemical
protective clothing, industrial gloves, etc in hazardous working environments like in chemical
factories, high temperature applications like oil drills, power plants, steel and other industrial
plants. A draft amendment in the Factories act for making it compulsory for employers to
777
provide adequate protective clothing to the workers has already been proposed. NITRA along
with BIS has developed a white paper in this regard.
3. Development of right standards for different Protech products so as to facilitate institutional
buyers in purchasing large quantities of such items would be very beneficial for the industry
promoting the usage significantly. BIS has already, developed drafts for nine new standards for
Protech and envisages developing another five standards in the coming years.
4. Regulatory changes in National Building code for stricter implementation of use of fire retardant
fabrics in commercial and office space for curtains, fabrics, blinds, etc can give a significant push
to fire retardant fabric market of India.
5. Similarly, mandatory regulations for use of fire retardant fabrics as acoustic fabrics, seat cover
fabrics and interiors in public places like auditoriums, cinema halls, gather can give a big boost
to the usage of protective technical textiles.
Key Advantages
The development of guidelines, norms supported by the regulatory mechanism for promotion of
protective technical textiles, would help increase the safety of workers at various hazardous work
stations, leading to lower injuries and casualties. The regulations for use of FR fabrics in commercial and
office space and places with large gatherings, would significantly reduce the risk of fire accidents and
related losses.
Geotech and Oekotech

Geotech and Oekotech segments of technical textiles are mostly dependent on institutional demand.
The usage in various government agencies and Ministries is the sole driver for the industry. Regulatory
and promotional measures for increasing the usage of such products would have a long term and lasting
impact on the current consumption of technical textiles. The key regulatory and promotional
mechanisms for increasing usage of Geotech and Oekotech are:
1. Inclusion of geotextiles in the schedule of rates for Central PWD and State road departments so
that it is easier to purchase and use the same. Geo textiles and oekotextiles can also be included
in the schedule of rates for different Ministries like railways, Ports and Shipping, Urban
Development, Various states and Ministry of water resources for providing ease in usage.
2. Inclusion of geotextiles in handbooks and guidelines for different government departments and
user ministries.
3. Ministry of Roadways:
778
a. Inclusion of geotextiles in the ORANGE book of MoRTH.

b. Having promotional schemes wherein incentives would be provided for use of
geotextiles for construction of Expressways and National Highways having high traffic.
c. Providing incentives for trail usage of natural geotextiles – coir and jute based, by
different state governments.
d. Special incentives for use of PVDs in clay soil terrains and geo nets in weak soil
formation for the Municipal Corporation developing the roads in case of city roads.
4. Ministry of Railways: Ministry of railways has been using the geo textiles in trial phases across
different terrains under its subdivisions. There is over 700 km of track across India which is
developed on weak soil formation and requires regular rework and maintenance. Use of geo
nets and geo textiles in such locations can significantly reduce maintenance work.
a. Policy changes, where in a small but certain amount of the railway budget is dedicated
towards use of technical textiles, can give a significant boost to the use of technical
textile by railways.
5. Ministry of Water resources and Ministry of Ports and Shipping:
6. Schemes may be formulated for comprehensive river and port embankments to promote geo
bags and geo tubes usage
7. Ministry of Urban Development and Waste Management and State departments for the same:
The capacity of disposal of hazard waste generated in India is very less as compared to the total
waste generation. The Majority of such waste is not disposed in the right manner often leading
to the polluted soil and water resources in the nearby areas.
a. Mandatory regulations should be formulated for use of adequate Geotech and
Oekotech towards disposal of hazardous waste in ground areas to prevent soil and
water pollution.
b. Incentive subsidy may be provided to Municipal corporations on use of geo and
Oekotech for disposal lining of landfills/waste disposal units.
Key Advantages
The key advantages of using geotextiles is the increased longevity of roads and railways, which would
reduce the repair and maintenance expenditure It would also help in creation of better transport
infrastructure and reduction in accidents and loss of life.
779
Indutech
The segment of Indutech covers products which are driven by their end application. From the point of
view of regulation and policy support, filtration as a category is amenable to the same and also has
regulations in place.
The Central Pollution Control Board defines various emission norms for heavy industries such as cement
and power. These industries make heavy use of filter bags in addressing and meeting these norms.
Stringent regulations in similar industries mandating the use of air bags to restrict specific type of
emissions (say, fugitive emissions) can further the cause of environment as well as technical textiles.
Also, promotion of wind power by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy would go a long way in
boosting demand for composites.
Others
Formulation of standards
 Technical textiles are functional in nature, meeting specific performance requirements of the users.
The specifications/ standards therefore assume critical importance. In India, standardization process
is in progress, though at a very slow pace. The consumption of non-standardized product does not
meet the requirement of the consumers, gives the bad reputation to the product, and affects
negatively on the consumption. Thus there is need to expedite the standardization process.
 Standards have been formulated for many products. There is need to formulate a mechanism to
encourage users to take cognizance of the standards and while issuing tenders where in only
standardized products may only be made eligible for supply. The Government subsidies may also be
restricted to standardized products, for which standards are available.
 BIS standards are particularly important for Geotech, Oekotech, Protech, Meditech and Buildtech as
the standards for other segments can be defined by end-user industries as per requirements.
Therefore, Government may take up with BIS to streamline the system of formulation of standards
for expediting the process.
 The standards should provide level playing field for Indian and International players, and hence,
should be based on specifications and not on any patented technologies
 Government may formulate a mechanism to encourage institutional users to consume standardized
products.
780
 Norms for medical waste management are required for increasing adoption of medical disposables
in India. These standards can be developed in consultation with the Ministry of Health.
Formulation of standards for waste management of non woven products

 Since nonwoven products can be recycled, the major issue is effective management of the
generated waste.
 Ministry of Textiles should liaise with the Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Urban
Development to devise policies and mechanisms, which enable management of waste and suitable
changes, should be incorporated in the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules,
2000 in order to promote the usage of nonwoven products.
Regulatory mechanism to increase consumption of technical textiles

 Usage of seat belts may be made mandatory in all buses, LCVs and M & HCVs and in all cars on long-
distance roads.
 Installation of airbags may be made mandatory in automobiles
 Usage of geosynthetics may be made mandatory for erosion control
 Strict implementation of usage of helmets for riders and pillions
 Mandatory usage of medical disposables in all government / government-aided hospitals; treatment
under all emergency cases to be mandatorily considered as HIV positive thereby necessitating
mandatory usage of medical disposables
 The usage of fire-retardant textiles should be made mandatory at all public places like theatres,
auditoriums, trains (curtains, seat-covers, etc), hotels, hospitals & restaurants. These are currently
suggested in the National Building Code but are not mandatory. Necessary regulatory amendments
should be effected to the municipal and town planning acts to ensure compliance. The legislation for
mandatory usage of fire retardant textiles should be implemented immediately for any new
constructions. For the old constructions, the government can provide incentives to shift to fire-
retardant textiles.
 The usage of fire-retardant textiles should be made mandatory in all railway coaches. The Indian
Railways in this regard can implement the regulation.
Promotion of consumption of technical textiles among institutional users

 Inter-ministerial committees or councils may be set up with different end-user ministries and
industry as members to sort out issues related to institutional consumption of technical textiles and
781
removal of any bottlenecks in the consumption of technical textiles. These committees would have
representation from Ministry of Textiles, End user Ministries, Technical and Market consultants and
people from industry and should work in tandem for promotion of technical textiles in the country.
 Refresher courses should be arranged for Officials, scientists and doctors in different Central and
State Government departments and agencies that are involved in institutional purchase of technical
textiles like CPWD and State PWDs, Ministry of Ports and Shipping, NHAI, BRO, etc so as to keep
them appraised of the latest developments in technical textiles and also spread the awareness
regarding benefits of technical textiles
 As the State Government often governs many of the institutional government purchases of technical
textiles, there should be stronger involvement and participation of State government in spreading
the awareness and promoting Technical textiles within the state.
 Sector specific seminars and awareness programs and workshops should be conducted on a regular
basis advocating the benefits and use of technical textiles to institutional buyers. These should be
followed by Buyer seller meets, business-to-business meetings with involvement of Industrialists,
industry associations, institutional buyers and nodal officers of user Ministries.
Inclusion of non woven products under NHM for subsidy

 Plastic mulching is included under NHM Support. Similarly, non-woven mulching has to be
included under NHM towards increasing the usage of non-woven mulch mats.
 Non-woven crop-covers are not included under NHM resulting in almost negligible domestic
usage of these products. Almost 100% of the crop-covers manufactured in India are exported. In
order to develop the demand for crop-covers in India, the crop covers should be included under
NHM. NHM should also help in creating the awareness and benefits of these products.
 Facilitation should be provided to the farmers for availing NHM subsidy in shorter.
Focus on use of recycled material for technical textiles

Clothing and textile requirement across the world has been growing at a steady rate and the resultant
pressure on the raw materials is steadily growing. Along with it, the disposal of waste textiles and old
textiles is a key issue that has to be resolved. These textiles are not suitable for dumping in landfills, as
the manmade fibres are not biodegradable. In light of this, it is imperative that many of the textile waste
be re-cycled and used for the clothing and technical textile industry. Therefore, use of technical textiles
from recycled polyester and recycled PT bottles should be advised. In addition to minimize the pressure
782
on virgin resources, the recycling of PET bottles for production of manmade fibres should be promoted
aggressively.
Promotion of coir and Jute technical textiles

India is a major producer for coir and jute fibres in the world with abundant supply and limited use of
the same. To ease pressure on manmade fibres and cotton, which are in heavy demand, coir and jute
technical textile should be promoted. While Jute finds a significant usage in packtech, coir can be used
for developing geotextiles. Currently pilot projects of Jute and coir geotextiles are underway by regional
railways. A stronger policy support and push for usage of these by user Ministries is recommended.
Registration of technical textile units for availing TUFS subsidy

 It is recommended that technical textile units going for TUFS subsidy should be registered with
Office of the Textile Commissioner. This would enable easy tracking of progress as well as
strengthening of the technical textile database within the country.
Development of clusters
 Unlike traditional textiles, the technologies involved in Technical textiles are many. There is a
need for focused development on existing and new clusters across different technologies. For
the existing clusters such as fish net manufacturing, medical textile clusters in Tamil Nadu,
Sportech clusters in Punjab, Packtech clusters in Gujarat, etc., the focus of the development
programmes may be tailored as per the current capability of the each cluster. A diagnostic study
may be conducted and interventions may be planned to improve the cluster capability through
better market linkages, product development and R&D, common facility centres, quality
improvement, skill development, incubation etc. These clusters can be developed into
organized technical textile parks with provision of subsidized centrally managed services
regarding R&D facilities, Incubation centres, Common facilities like ETPs and skill development.
 Dedicated Technical textile parks should be promoted under the SITP scheme. Over 80% units in
these parks would be of technical textiles. Additional benefits can be provided to units coming in
newer segments like carbon composites.
 New clusters may be formed across various products such as nonwovens, composites, coated
and laminated fabrics, etc, where in incentives may be provided to set up multiple units and
Technical Textile park may be formed.
783
Promotion of Technical Textile Machinery Manufacturing

Most of the technical textile machinery is not produced indigenously. Most of the state-of the Art
technical textile machinery are very expensive and high rate of duty makes imports of such machinery
cost prohibitive, restricting the investments in such plants. CoEs for textiles machinery were set up in
China for reverse engineering of the advanced machinery so that the technology could be replicated and
manufactured locally at a much lower price. Thus, over a period these CoEs were able to fulfill their
purpose and manufacturing of technology intensive machinery started at a lower price in China. In
similar lines, machinery development through reverse engineering may also be encouraged. This can
also be done on a Public Private Partnership Basis.
Dedicated support for promotion of indigenous development and manufacturing of high quality and
modern machinery can be provided through a separate scheme. This scheme could provide capital
subsidy for plant setup re-imbursement of input VATs and interest subsidies to manufacturers setting up
modern technical textile machinery units.
In addition, collaboration between Ministry of Textiles and The Department of Heavy Industries is
suggested for developing a road map of development of Indigenous technical textile machinery industry.
International Collaboration of CoEs

In lines with Global CoEs, Indian CoEs should also aim at developing international collaboration with
industries, academic bodies and global CoEs for the purpose of knowledge sharing related to newer and
modern technologies, market demand, new researches, etc. The collaboration should aim at benefitting
the local manufacturers in India and their International counterparts through technology transfer,
identifying prospects of joint ventures and potential entry strategy into newer global markets.
Formulation of Standing Committee for promotion of new technical textile products:

It is recommended to formulate a standing committee for promotion of high potential fast growing
technical textile emerging products. This committee would be responsible for devising promotion
strategies specific to key emerging products and monitor the growth of the industry to devise the right
interventions as and when required for promotion of these technical textile products.
Scheme for promoting Technical textiles

Indian Technical textile is still in a growing phase with a vast potential. The SGDTT scheme till 2011 and
TMTT scheme of the 11th plan has helped in a significant manner in developing up to date testing and
784
research infrastructure, mapping of technical textile units in India and creating awareness regarding the
use of different technical textile products. However, there is still a lot of progress that needs to be done
in terms of further strengthening of the CoEs into newer more advanced CoEs for emerging products,
promotion of R&D and quality production in PPP and private sector. Along with it there is a need to
going beyond general awareness about products and inculcate the benefits and usability and of
technical textiles amongst users and informing them about how to use technical textiles. To cater to
these industry requirements, it is recommended that a new scheme of five years should be run by the
Ministry in line with the TMTT, which would focus on developing knowledge base, R&D support,
incubation and entrepreneurship development, marketing, export promotion, awareness creation and
new product introduction.
Continuous monitoring of Industry

The government already has a system of compiling statistics of conventional textile industry, on
continued basis. A similar system with respect to technical textile industry may be introduced.
785
Annexure
1. Profile of key players

Agrotech
The profile of these organisations is as shown below:
Company Name Garware Wall Ropes
Type of Unit -
SME or otherwise Large
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
2: Type of Management Public Limited
Products Fishing Nets
Technical textile segment Agrotech

End user Industries Fishing nets and twines
Production 7461 MT
Exports (in Rs. Lakh) Rs. 26300 lakh
Capacity
2012-13 8724 MT
Nylon, polypropylene monofilament and
Key Raw Material (RM) Required multifilament
Source of Raw Material Majority of raw material for netting
Domestic (Share in %) manufacturing is domestic
Sales Turnover 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 50130
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 5494
Net Profit 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 2443
Total employees
Total Assets (2012-13) – in Rs. lakh 15414
JV - Garware Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd. is yet
Technical collaborations to start operations
District Pune
State Maharahstra
Factory Location Pune & Wai - 3 factories
10/66, Kirti Nagar Industrial Area,
Registered Office Address New Delhi
786
Corporate Office - Plot no 11

Block D1
MIDC Chinchwad
Pune - 411 019
011-25923367
'020-30780000
Registered office phn .no. 020-30780195
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Pradeep Patil
Designation Head - Textiles
09370313237
Telephone 022-30780217
papatil@garwareropes.com
Email Address sales@garwareropes.com
Website www.garwareropes.com
Fax Number 020-30780350
Company Name Rishi Techtex

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Products Plastic Knitted Bags - shade nets

End user Industries
Production 1118 MT
Capacity
2012-13 1200 MT
Plastic granules, HDPE/PP/LDPE Plst.Raw Mtls,
Key Raw Material (RM) Required KRAFT paper
Source of Raw Material
Domestic (Share in %) Mostly domestic
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) -
Net Profit 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh) -
Total employees -
787

District Dadar & Nagar Haveli
State Dadar & Nagar Haveli
Plot No 277/3/3,Dadra Demni Road, Haveli, Dadra
Factory Address & Nagar Haveli
612 Veena Killedar Indl Estate,
10/14 Pais Street Byculla (W),
Registered Office Address Mumbai, 400011, Maharashtra
Registered office phn .no. 91-22-23084886/23075677/23060572
Email Address info@rishitechtex.com
Website http://www.rishipac.com
Fax Number
Company Name Tuflex(Netlon India Ltd)

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
2: Type of Management Private Limited
Products Agro products - nettings and mulching films

End user Industries Agriculture sector
Production 4297 MT
European machinery, including stitching machines,
sewing machines, cutting machines, finishing
Key Machinery Installed - machines, bending machines, printing, lamination,
Name of machine slitting, pouching, laser marking
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Polypropylene, polyester
Domestic (Share in %) Mostly domestic
Net Profit 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) -393

Technical collaborations
District Vadodra
State Gujarat
Factory Address Vadodara
Phone Number
702/704, GIDC, Palej, Bharuch, Gujarat - 392 220,
Registered Office Address India
788
Mob.: 91-9898058583 | Telephone: 91 - 2642 –

Registered office phn .no. 277663
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. D Noble
Designation Dy. General Manager - Marketing
Telephone
Email Address sales@tuflex.net
Website http://polymernets.com/
Fax Number
Company Name Neocorp International Limited

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Agrotech - Agro Net, Woven ground cover, rope,
Products mulch film, vermibed

End user Industries In agro farming
Production 1930 MT
Capacity
2012-13 2000 MT
Key Machinery Installed -
Name of machine
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Fabrics/ tape, granules, sacks/ fabrics
Domestic(Share in %) Mostly domestic
Total employees
Technical collaboration with Sungkwang Chemical
Technical colaborations Industrial Company, Korea
District Dhar
State Madhya Pradesh
789
Industrial Area Sector - 1,Plot No 62-63 Pithampur,

Factory Address Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
Phone Number 91-07292-252284/252278/501632/33
220 Mahavir Industrial Estate, Op Mahakali Caves
Registered Office Address Rd Andheri (E), Mumbai, 400093, Maharashtra
Registered office phn .no. 91-22-26879510
Registered office: bom@neocorp.co.in
Email Address Works: contact@neocorp.co.in
Website http://www.neocorp.co.in
Fax Number
Company Name CTM agrotextiles

Type of Unit -
SME or otherwise Medium
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Products Shadenets and agro nets

End user Industries
Production 1500 MT
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Polypropylene and polyester
Domestic(Share in %) 100% domestic
Net Profit 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh)
District Ahmedabad
State Gujarat
205. New cloth Market
Ahmedabad - 380 002
Registered Office Address Gujarat
Registered office phn .no. 079 22165163
Telephone 079 22165163
Email Address info@ctmagrotextiles.com
Website www.ctmagrotextiles.com
Fax Number +91 79 2216326
790
Meditech
The profiles of the key players are as shown:

Company Name Ginni Filaments Ltd
Type of Unit -
SME or otherwise Non SSI
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Spun bond non-woven rolled goods, Finished
Products Products-Wipes
Technical textile segment Meditech
End user Industries Hygiene related consumption
PRODUCTS Non woven rolled goods and wipes
Quantity Produced ( 2012-13) Production 8000 MTPA
Export 2012-13 6,800 MTPA
Product (Capacity) Spun bond/Spunlace
Unit of capacity MTPA
Capacity 2012-13 10000
Capacity Utilization 2012-13 ( in %) 80%
Capacity expansion plan Investing Rs.150 crore in the next 3 years.
Manufacturing process Hydro-entangling-Spun Bond
Key Raw Material (RM) Required PSF and Rayon(Viscose)
Source of Raw Material India and Indonesia

EBITDA 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh) 95.5
Total employment 145
District Mathura
State U.P
Factory Address Panoli, Gujarat
110 K M Stone, Delhi Mathura Rd, Chata – 281
Registered Office Address 401, Mathura
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr.R.R.Maheshwari
Designation Director-Marketing
791
Telephone 0120 -4058400

Email Address rrmaheshwari@ginnifilaments.com
Website www.ginnifilaments.com
Fax Number 0120 4250975
Company Name Welspun India Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Products Spunlace ( wipes included)
End user Industries Hygiene and Healthcare Products
Product (Capacity) Spunlace
Unit of capacity MTPA
Capacity 2012-13 12000
Product segment for financial Hygiene and Healthcare
District Mumbai
State Maharashtra
Welspun City ,Village Versamedi Taluka Anjar,
Kutch
Factory Address Gujarat, 370110
Phone Number 2836-661111
Welspun House, 6th Floor,
Kamala Mills Compound,
Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel,
Registered Office Address Mumbai 400 013,
Registered office phn .no. 22 66136000 / 24908000
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Milind Hardikar
Designation Managing Director
Telephone 22 66136000 / 24908000
Email Address
Website http://www.welspunindia.com
792
Company Name Kimberley-Clark Lever Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Wipes,Sanitary Napkins,Baby Diapers,Surgical
Products Disposables
End user Industries Hygiene and Healthcare
Product segment for financial
Sales Turnover 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh)
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) -2351
EBITDA 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh)
District Pune
State Maharashtra
Survey No. 279,
Raisoni Industrial Park,
Village Mann, Taluka Mulshi,
Factory Address Pune, - 411 057
Phone Number 20 30547175
Survey No. 279,
Raisoni Industrial Park,
Village Mann, Taluka Mulshi,
Registered Office Address Pune, - 411 057
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr.Prakash Iyer
Designation MD
Email Address marketing.india@kcc.com
Website https://www.kcprofessional.co.in
Fax Number
Company Name Johnson & Johnson Ltd
793
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Baby Diapers,Sanitary Napkins,Wipes,Surgical
Disposables,Implants,Extra-Corporeal,Surgical
Products Dressings,Ear Buds,Eye Pads,Dental Floss
Hygiene,Healthcare,Implantable and Extr-
End user Industries corporeal
District Mumbai
State Maharashtra
Factory Address Mulund,Mumbai
Phone Number
501 Arena Space
Behind Majas Bus Depot
Off Jogeshwari Vikhroli Link Road
Jogeshwari (E)
Registered Office Address Mumbai 400 060
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr.N.K.Ambwani
Designation MD
Email Address Contactus@jnjindia.com
Website http://www.jnjindia.com
Fax Number
Company Name Procter & Gamble Hygiene & Health Care Ltd.
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT
794

Products Baby Diapers,Sanitary Napkins and Dental Floss
End user Industries Hygiene Segment
Product segment for financial Hygiene
District Mumbai
State Maharashtra
Procter & Gamble, India P&G plaza, Cardinal
Gracias Road, Chakala, Andheri (E), Mumbai -
Registered Office Address 400099
Registered office phn .no. (91-22) 2826 6000
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr.S.Khosla
Designation MD
Telephone (91-22) 2826 6000
Email Address
Website https://www.pg.com/en_IN
Fax Number
Company Name Nobel Hygiene Pvt. Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Products Adult Diapers,Baby Diapers and Under pads
End user Industries Hygiene Segment
Product (Capacity) Baby Diapers,Adult Diapres,Underpads
Unit of capacity Million Pieces
Capacity 2012-13 Baby Diapers-100,Adult Diapres-50,Underpads-40
Capacity Utlization 2012-13 ( in %) BD-100%,AD-50%,UP-10%
Key Machinery Installed - GDM from Italy
795
Name of machine
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Wood Pulp,Super absorbant and PP
Domestic(Share in %) WP-US,SA-Taiwan,Korea & China,PP-
Source of Raw Material Japan,Taiwan,Korea and China
Imports (Share in %)
District Mumbai
State Maharashtra
Factory Address Nashik
Unit No. 204, Antariksh Thakur House,
Makwana Road, Near Marol Fire Brigade,
Andheri – East.
Registered Office Address Mumbai - 400 059.
Registered office phn .no. 022 – 42121314 | 022 – 32427985
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr.Kamal Johari
Designation Director
Telephone 022 – 42121314 | 022 – 32427985
Email Address sales@nobelhygiene.com
Website www.nobelhygiene.com
Fax Number
Company Name Gufic Biosciences Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT
Products Sanitary Napkins
End user Industries Hygiene
Product segment for financial
796

Total employment
District Mumbai
State Maharashtra
Factory Address
37,1st Floor, Kamala Bhavan II,
Swami Nityanand Road, Andheri (East), Mumbai -
Registered Office Address 400 069
Contact Person
Name & Designation Jayesh P Choksi
Designation Chairman
Email Address gufic@guficbio.com
Website http://www.guficbio.com
Fax Number
Company Name Ramaraju Surgical Cotton Mills Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT
Products Surgical Dressings-Bandages and Cotton
End user Industries Surgical Dressings
Total employment
District Rajapalayam
State Tamil Nadu
797
R S C Mills Premises,
119 P A C Ramaswamy Raja Salai,
Factory Address Rajapalaiyam, 626117, Tamil Nadu
R S C Mills Premises,
119 P A C Ramaswamy Raja Salai,
Registered Office Address Rajapalaiyam, 626117, Tamil Nadu
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr.R Nalina Ramalakshmi
Designation MD
Email Address rscm@sanchernet.in
Website http://www.ramarajusurgical.com
Fax Number
Company Name Suryavanshi Spinning Mills Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Products Surgical Dressings-Bandages and Cotton
End user Industries Surgical Dressings
Product segment for financial Healthcare
District Secunderabad
State Andhra Pradesh
Bhongir, Nalgonda District, Aliabad, Ranga Reddy
District in Andhra Pradesh and Rajna in
Factory Address Chindwara District of Madhya Pradesh
6th Floor Surya Towers,
105 Sardar Patel Road,
Registered Office Address Secunderabad, 500003
798
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr.Rajendra Kumar Agarwal
Designation
Email Address info@suryavanshi.com
Website http://www.suryavanshi.com
Fax Number
Company Name Lotus Surgicals Pvt. Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT
Products Sutures & Hernia Mesh
End user Industries Implantable
Product (Capacity) Sutures & Mesh
Unit of capacity Lack Dozen per month
Capacity 2012-13
Capacity Utlization 2012-13 ( in %) 50%
Source of Raw Material Partly imported from France and partly catered
Domestic(Share in %) through omestic supply
Product segment for financial Implantable
District Mumbai
State Maharashtra
Khasra No. 1051/1&2, Twin Industrial Estate,
Selaqui,
Dehradun - 248197
Factory Address Uttaranchal, India
Phone Number 135-2698661, 2698709
Unit No. 404, Prathamesh Towers B, Raghuvanshi
Mill Compound,
Senapati Bapat Marg Lower Parel,
Registered Office Address Mumbai - 400022
Registered office phn .no. 22-24913541, 24913542
799
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr.Mehernosh Daruwalla
Designation MD
Telephone 22-24913541, 24913542
Email Address
Website http://www.lotus-surgicals.com
Fax Number
Company Name Dr.Sabharwal Manufacturing Labs Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT
Surgical Dressungs-Tapes,Bandages etc and
Products disposables and Eye Pads
End user Industries Healthcare and Eye Pads
Product segment for financial Healthcare
District Panchkula
State Haryana
Factory Address Kanpur and Panchkula
Phone Number
"Sabharwal House"
260, Sector 6
Panchkula - 134109,
Registered Office Address Haryana - (INDIA)
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mrs.Anjana Sabharwal
Email Address drsmpl@gmail.com
Website http://www.drsabharwal.com
800
Fax Number
Mobitech
The profile of the key players is shown as below:
Supreme Nonwovens Ltd.

Company Name Supreme Non-woven
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Interlinings, non woven automotive textile components
Technical textile segment Non woven, automotive textiles
Sales Turnover2010-11( in Rs. Lakh) 14915.23
EBITDA2010-11( in Rs. Lakh) 2625.22
Net Profit2010-11( in Rs. Lakh) 1023.44
District Mumbai
Supreme House,
Plot No. 110,
16th Road, Chembur,
Mumbai 400 071.
Registered office phn .no. Maharashtra, India.
Contact Person Mohan Kawrie
Tel: +91(22)25208822
Telephone Fax:+91(22)25208093
Email Address mumbai@supremegroup.co.in
Website http://www.supremegroup.co.in/
801
Bhilwara Melba Limited

Company Name Bhilwara Melba Limited
Automotive Furnishing Fabric,Decorative Furnishing
Fabric,Contract Furnishing,Flame Retardant fabric,Technical
Products Textiles,Air Texturised Yarn - Grey & Dyed
Mobiltech, Protech (the company is organized into departments
of Automotive Furnishing Fabric,Decorative Furnishing
Fabric,Contract Furnishing,Flame Retardant fabric
Technical textile segment Technical Textiles,Air Texturised Yarn - Grey & Dyed)
PRODUCTS Air Texturised Yarn:1800 MT per annum,Fabric:4.8 Mn Linear
Air Texturised Yarn 1800 MT per annum||Fabric 4.8 Mn Linear
Product(Capacity) Metres
The Plant is fully integrated with state-of-the-art manufacturing
facilities consisting of air texturising, yarn dyeing, warping, dobby
& jacquard weaving, warp, circular, & flat knitting, double raschel,
woven velour, processing, finishing & lamination.
The company has also set up state-of-the-art CAD/CAM designing

system. It has fully supported and well equipped laboratory for
quality control and maintenance of international standards in
manufacturing. The company has secured TS 16949 certification
from Det Norske Veritas, The Netherlands. The company is in the
process of implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) and
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).
The company can offer wide range of foam

laminated/unlaminated fabrics in warp/circular/flat knitted and
jacquard/dobby weaving to meet the specific requirements of
automotive customers and offers flame retardant fabric, water
Manufacturing process repellent fabric and anti-bacterial fabric.
District NOIDA
Factory Address Banswara, Rajasthan (India
Bhilwara Towers
A-12, Sector-1
Registered Office Address Noida 201301 (UP)
Contact Person
Mr. Sanjay Sharma
Name & Designation Sr. Vice President (Marketing)
Ph: +91 120 4390000
Telephone Fax: +91 120 4277841
Email Address BMD@LNJB.COM
Website http://www.bmdonline.net/index.html
802
Uniproducts(I) Ltd.
Company Name Uniproducts(I) Limited
Type of Unit - SME or otherwise Large
Type of Unit - EOU UNIT Non SSI
Products Floor coverings
Technical textile segment Mobiltech
Quantity Produced (2010-11) 5,293,797 kg
Capacity 2010-11 6,500,000 kg
Needle Punching lines from Germany and Austria, Finishing lines
from Switzerland, Heavy duty Presses of Italian make, Complete
Key Machinery Installed - Carpet Moulding line from Germany, German make PU Foaming
Name of machine and Moulding machines
LDPE powder, Namda, Wooden Flooring, binders, EVA sheets,
interlinings, resin powder, foaming chemical, polypropylene,
LDPE/ HDPE, resins, cotton waste, resins felt, polyester, viscose
Key Raw Material (RM) Required fibres, felts, carpets, carpet tiles, aluminium, fluff pulp
Sales Turnover2010-11( in Rs.
Lakh) 176.32
Lakh) 152.62
Net Profit2011-12( in Rs. Lakh) -4.98
Land & Building Gross value (on
31 MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) 28.39
Major Machinery Gross value (on
31 MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) 87.31
Ancillary Machinery Gross value
(on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) 4.54
Other Fixed Assets Gross value
(on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) 0.19
B-36 SIPCOT Indl growth centre,Ogagada, Sriperumbudur Taluk,
Kancheepuram Dist
Factory Address Tamil Nadu
Jarthal Village Rd 84 Km.Stone, Delhi-Jaipur Rd PO Sangwari,
Registered Office Address Rewari, 123401, Haryana
Contact Person
Name & Designation Dr. Ashwan Kapur

Marketing – Automotive Division tkkhatri@unitexindia.com
Email Address Marketing – Lifestyle Division kanyalcs@unitexindia.com
803
Purchase Department vtripathi@unitexindia.com

H R Department farhan@unitexindia.com
General Queries uniproducts@unitexindia.com
Investors preeti@unitexindia.com
Website http://www.unitexindia.com
Company Name SRF Limited

Type of Unit - EOU UNIT Others
Products Ny.Tyre Cord Fabric/Ind.Y.Fibr
Unit of quantity(2010-11) MT
QuantityProduced( 2010-11) 51879.77
Unit of capacity MT
Capacity2010-11 60334
Capacity2011-12 71384
Capacity2012-13 71384
MEG, Fluorspar, Chlorine, Sulphuric Acid, Caustic Soda, Yarn,
Chloromethane, Chloromethanes, Methanol, Caprolactum,
Fabric, Trichloroethylene, Polyester Chips, Nylon Chips, Nylon
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Yarn, PTA, Polyester Films, Nylon tyre cord fabric
Lakh) 3063.27
Lakh) 3530.25
Lakh) 3322.55
Total - Permanent employment
(2012-13)
Total casual employment 2300
804
(2012-13)
Land & BuildingGross value (on
31 MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) 552.8
Major Machinery Gross value
(on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) 1,578.90
Ancillary Machinery Gross value
(on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) 33.39
Other Fixed Assets Gross value
(on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) 17.8
Any Technical Collaboration -
Provide brief Technical
Collaborating Partner Trvelite, US
Technical Textiles Business,Industrial Area Malanpur, Bhind,
Factory Address Madhya Pradesh, 477116
Phone Number 91-7539-283164, 91-7539-283164
C-8 Commercial Complex, Safdarjung Development Area, New
Registered Office Address Delhi, 110016
Media Queries: Mukund Trivedy, Head of Corporate
Communications
E-Mail: mukund.trivedy@srf.com
Redressal of investor complaints: Mr. Anoop K. Joshi, Vice-
President Company Secretary
E-Mail: ajoshi@srf.com
Name of investor grievance redressal officer : Mr. Sanjiv Kumar
Sharma, Chief Manager (Secretarial)
Email Address E-Mail: Sanjiv.Sharma@srf.com
Website http://www.srf.com
Company Name IFB Autoliv

Type of Unit - EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Seat belt webbing
End user Industries Automoive industry
Unit of quantity(2010-11) 40M
Quantity Produced( 2010-11) MT
Product (Capacity) Seat belt webbing
Unit of capacity MT
Capacity 2012-13 140M
Sales Turnover2010-11( in Rs. Lakh) 40905
805

EBITDA2010-11( in Rs. Lakh) 3620
Net Profit2010-11( in Rs. Lakh) 1785
#16, Visveswariah Industrial Estate, 1st Main Road,

Off Whitefield Road, Mahadevpura, Bangalore,
Registered Office Address Karnataka - 560048, India
Email Address info@ifbautomotive.com
Company Name Century Enka

Industrial yarn plus tyre cord fabrics: The Plant at
Pune produces High Tenacity Nylon (Polyamide 6)
and Polyester Industrial Yarns and Greige Tyre
Cord Fabrics among other products.
Century Enka's Yarns are used as reinforcing
material in tyres, conveyor belts, V-belts, hoses,
Products ropes & cordage and broad & narrow woven.
End user Industries Automotive industry
QuantityProduced( 2012-13) 31200
Sales Turnover2010-11( in Rs. Lakh)
District Pune
Registered Office Address Registered Office: 2nd Floor, Century Arcade,
806
Narangi Baug Road, Pune - 411 001. (Maharashtra

Tel. No. 020-2616 6511
Registered office phn .no. Fax No. 020-2616 6511
Website http://centuryenka.co.in/cenka.html
Company Name Rane TRW Steering Systems Ltd.

Type of Unit - SME or otherwise Medium
Products Seat belt webbing, airbag cusion
Unit of quantity(2012-13) metres
Productsfor exports OSD+steering systems
Unit for exports INR Lakhs
Export 2010-11 56969
Export 2011-12 61962
Export 2012-13 63085
Total - Permanent employment
(2012-13) 962
District Chennai
State TN
RTSSL operates four plants located at
Viralimalai,Guduvancherry and �ingaperumalkoil
in Tamil Nadu and Pant Nagar in Uttarakhand
Phone Number employing around 962 persons.
Rane TRW Steering Systems Limited
Steering Gear Division
45, TTK Road, Alwarpet,
Registered Office Address Chennai - 600 018, India
Registered office phn .no. +91 44 24994390
807
Website www.rane.co.in
Fax Number +91 44 24994409
Company Name Dakota

Type of Unit - SME or otherwise Small
Type of Unit - EOU UNIT No
2: Type of Management Proprietorship
Products Non Woven Fabric
End user Industries Mobiltech
PRODUCTS Non Woven Fabric
Unit of quantity (2010-11) Lakhs Meter
Unit of quantity(2011-12) Lakhs Meter
Quantity Produced( 2011-12) 4
Unit of quantity(2012-13) Lakhs Meter
Unit of capacity Lakhs Meter
Capacity2010-11 6
Capacity2012-13 6
Capacity Utlization2012-13 ( in %) 0.65
Manufacturing process Knitting
Key Machinery Installed - Name of machine Loom
Key Raw Material (RM) Required PSF
Sales Turnover 2012-13( in Rs. Lakh) 1000
Total - Permanent employment (2012-13) 22
Any Technical Collaboration - Provide brief No
District Thane
State Maharashtra
15th Floor, Dev Corpora, Pokhran Road No. 1,
Factory Address Eastern Express Highway
Contact Person Suraj Rao
Email Address info@dakotaworldwide.com
Website www.dakotaworldwide.com
Fax Number 022-67004950
808
Packtech
The profiles of the key players is shown as under:
Texplast
Company Name Texplast

Products HDPE Woven bags, Panel bag, circular bag
Technical textile segment Packtech
End user Industries Packing bags
PRODUCTS HDPE thread/tape
Quantity Produced( 2010-11) 2699.13
Unit of quantity (2011-12) Sales in CR INR
Sales Turnover2012-13( in Rs. Lakh) NA
EBITDA2012-13( in Rs. Lakh) NA
Mumbai 210-212, Anand Estates, 2nd Floor
189/ A Sane Guruji Marg,
Registered Office Address Mumbai 400 011, India
Registered office phn .no. 91-22- 2307 5019 /2307 5308
Email Address texplast@vsnl.com
Website http://www.texplast.com/
Tulsyan NEC
Company Name Tulsyan NEC
Type of Unit - SME orotherwise Medium
Type of Unit - EOU UNIT (blank)
Products HDPE/PP Woven Sacks & FIBC
End user Industries Packing bags
809
PRODUCTS HDPE/PP Woven Fabric/Sack

Unit of quantity (2010-11) Proudction in MT
Product(Capacity) 25797
Unit of capacity 11696
Capacity2011-12 45.34
The Company is also planning to put up a Thermal Power Plant
of 35 MW at Gumudipoondi for captive consumption.
Other Fixed Assets Gross value (on Construction work on this project is due to begin during the
31 MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) current year 2010-11
District Chennai
State TN
Chennai(TN), Hobli(KA),The Plastic division is located at
Factory Address Doddaballapur, Peenya & Malur.
Registered Office
61, Sembudoss Street,
Registered Office Address Chennai – 600 001.
Website http://tulsyannec.net/index.html
Flexituff International
Company Name Flexituff International Ltd.
Products Bags
Net Profit 2010-11( in Rs. Lakh) 2744
810

304 Diamond Prestige, 41-A A J C Bose Road, Kolkata,
Registered Office Address 700017, West Bengal
Registered office phn .no. 033-32212690/40053995
Email Address investors@flexituff.com
Website http://www.flexituff.com
Karur NCP
Company Name Karur KCP Pack.

Products PP bags
End user Industries (blank)
PRODUCTS PP bags
Unit of capacity MT
Capacity 2010-11 18000
Capacity 2011-12 18000
R. S. No. 112, Thiruvandarkoil (P.O),
Mannadipet Commune,
Factory Address Pondicherry – 605 102.
Phone Number (0413) 2640559, 2640560, 2640561
811
330/1, Chinna Andan Kovil Road,

Registered Office Address Karur – 639 001. Tamil Nadu. India.
Registered office phn .no. 04324 240663 / 240163
Email Address corporate_office@karurkcp.in
Website http://www.karurkcp.in
Neocorp International
Company Name Neo Corp International
Products Polypacks
PRODUCTS Sack/Fabrics
Unit of capacity MT
Capacity2010-11 21000
220 Mahavir Industrial Estate, Op Mahakali Caves Rd
Registered Office Address Andheri(E), Mumbai, 400093, Maharashtr
Email Address contact@neocorp.co.in
Gloster Ltd.
Company Name Gloster Ltd
Type of Unit -
812
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Hessian cloth bags, Sacking cloth bags, Canvas and tarpaulin,Leno
Products net, Chemical treated fabric, Spiraly sewn bags, odourless bags
Technical textile segment Packtech, Geotech
PRODUCTS Jute Goods(from capitline)
Unit of quantity (2010-11) MT
Unit for exports Lakhs INR
Export 2010-11 7936.22
Export 2011-12 7795.42
Export 2012-13 9236.24
Lakh) 30686.36
Sales Turnover 2011-12( in Rs.
Lakh) 30860.34
Lakh) 34622.84
EBITDA2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 3923.7
Net Profit 2011-12( in Rs. Lakh) 1893.52
21, Strand Road
Kolkata - 700 001
Registered Office Address West Bengal (India)
Phone +91 33 2230 9601
Registered office phn .no. Fax +91 33 2210 6167,+91 33 2231 4222
info@glosterjute.com ,export@glosterjute.com
,sales@glosterjute.com ,purchase@glosterjute.com
accounts@glosterjute.com ,rawjute@glosterjute.com
edp@glosterjute.com , shares@glosterjute.com
ananya@glosterjute.com, manidipa.lifestyle@glosterjute.com
millmarketing@glosterjute.com, services@glosterjute.com
Email Address projects@glosterjute.com , stores@glosterjute.com
Website http://www.glosterjute.com/
813
M/s PVN Group

Company Name M/s PVN Group
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Polypropylene fabrics, polypropylene bags, leno bags,
bopp bags, high-density polyethylene laminated paper
Products bags, polypropylene multifilament yarn and shed net
Unit of capacity MT
Capacity2012-13 18000
112, Minerva Industrial Estate, Near Hercules Hoist Co.,
Registered Office Address Mulund West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400080
Registered office phn .no. 022 6151 0500
Website http://www.wovensacks.net
Cheviot Co. Ltd.

Company Name Cheviot Co. Ltd.

Products Jute shopping bags, superior hessian cloth
Technical textile segment Packtech company(Jute)
PRODUCTS Production cited in Annual Reports in general
Unit for exports MT
Export 2010-11 17887.07
Unit for exports MT
Export 2011-12 12575.3
Unit for exports MT
Export 2012-13 11529.68
814

Mr. D.K. Mohta
Compliance Officer
Magma House (9th Floor),
24, Park Street,
Registered Office Address Kolkata 700 016, West Bengal
Phone: +91-33- 3291 9624 / 3291 9625 / 3291 9628
Registered office phn .no. Fax: +91-33- 2249 7269 / 2217 248
Email Address cheviot@chevjute.com
Website www.groupcheviot.net
Gopala Polyplast Ltd

Company Name Gopala Polyplast Ltd
Products Polyolefin woven sacks
Unit for exports MT
Product(Capacity) Woven bags
Unit of capacity MT
Capacity2012-13 144000
Capacity expansion plan 192000
Plot No 485 Santej-Vasdar Road, Santej Tal Kalol,
Registered Office Address Gandhinagar, 382721, Gujarat
Registered office phn .no. 02764-286305/286514/286654
815
M/s Jagadamba Polymers

Company Name M/s Jagadamba Polymers
PRODUCTS Jumbo bags, woven sacks
Product(Capacity) Jumbo bags, woven sacks
Unit of capacity MT
Capacity2012-13 20400
Registered Office Address 803, Narnarayan Complex, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380014.
Email Address hans@shaktipolyweave.co.in
Website http://www.shrijagdamba.com/
Jumbo Bags Ltd.

Company Name Jumbo Bags Ltd
816

Jumbo Bag Limited
“S.K Enclave”, No-4,
Registered Office Address Nowroji Road, Chetput, Chennai 600031
Registered office phn .no. 044-2646 1415, 2645 1722
Email Address info@blissgroup.com
Website http://www.jumbobaglimited.com
817
Buildtech
The profile of key manufacturers is shown as under:
Company Name SRF Limited

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
2: Type of Management Public limited
Products Laminated Fabrics
Technical textile segment Buildtech

End user Industries Used as flex fabric for Outdoor advertising
Production 55.9 lakh sq. m of fabric
Capacity
2012-13 90,000,000
Total employees 3300
Technical collaboration with Trvelite US for
Technical colaborations technology exchange
District
State
Technical Textiles
PO Box 4038, Korsten, Port Elizabeth,
Factory Address 6014, Republic of South Africa
Phone Number 2741- 4068700, 2741- 4068700
C-8 Commercial Complex, Safdarjung Development
Registered Office Address Area, New Delhi, 110016
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Sheelam Seth
Designation Senior VP
Telephone
Media Queries: Mukund Trivedy, Head of
Email Address Corporate Communications
818
E-Mail: mukund.trivedy@srf.com
Redressal of investor complaints: Mr. Anoop K.

Joshi, Vice-President Company Secretary
E-Mail: ajoshi@srf.com
Name of investor grievance redressal officer : Mr.

Sanjiv Kumar Sharma, Chief Manager (Secretarial)
E-Mail: Sanjiv.Sharma@srf.com
Website http://www.srf.com
Fax Number
Company Name Entremonde Polycoaters Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products PVC coated roof covers, tarpaulins

As truck covers and home use, water proofing of
End user Industries roof
Textiles
PVC, Pu resins,
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Plasticizers
Domestic(Share in %) Import -Rs. lakh 652.04
Imports (Share in %) Domestic -1746.95
Sales Turnover 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh) -
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 155.33
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 226.99
Net Profit 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 48.65
District Mumbai
State Maharahstra
Factory Address 2 manufacturing units at Nasik
819
Phone Number
Kilfire House, 1st Floor
C-17, Dalia Indl. Area,
Off Link Road, Andheri (W),
Registered Office Address Mumbai - 400 053, INDIA.
Registered office phn .no. Tel : +91 22 26732563
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. C M Ketan
Designation M.D
Telephone +91 22 26732563
Email Address epl@entremonde.com
Website http://www.entremonde.com/
Fax Number 022-26732568
Company Name Gokak Mills

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Products Canvas Tarpaulins

End user Industries Trucking industry
Yarn plant - machinery imported from Rieter
(Switzerland), Savio (Italy), Schlafhorst AG & Co.
(Germany) and Truetzschler (Germany). It has also
installed plant & machineries purchased from
Key Machinery Installed - Laxmi Machine Works and Kirloskar Toyoda Textile
Name of machine Machine
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Cotton, staple fibre, yarn
Domestic(Share in %) 5.58%
Imports (Share in %) 94.42%
Sales Turnover 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 3,982.0
Sales Turnover 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 4,842.0
820
Cotton Yarn (Grey and

Dyed), Canvas and other products
Factory Address Gokak Falls, Dist. Belgaum, Karnataka
45/3 Gopalkrishna Complex, 1st Floor, Residency
Registered Office Address Cross Road, Bangalore-560 025
Registered office phn .no. 080 – 2558 9942, 080 – 2559 7442
Website http://www.gokakmills.com/
Company Name Bharat Textiles & Proofing Industries Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Products Canvas Tarpaulins

End user Industries Trucking industry
Capacity Cotton chemically processed canvas 1,050,000
2012-13 lakh metres per annum -3,500 metres per day
Name of machine Shuttle-less Rapier Looms to weave canvas fabric
Yarn, dyes & chemicals, HDPE, Tarpaulin/Silpaulin-
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Canvas
994 Sirupullaipet,Sathyavedu
Factory Address Gummidipondi Taluk, Tamil Nadu
Phone Number
994 Satyavedu Road, Sirupuzhalpet,
Registered Office Address Gummidipoondi, 601201, Tamil Nadu
Registered office phn .no. -
Email Address klix@airtelmail.in
Website http://www.bharattarpaulin.com
821
Fax Number
Company Name Gujarat Raffia

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Products HDPE Tarpaulins

Application Trucking and home and industrial outdoor use
Capacity
2012-13 3,500 per annum
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Eyelets, fabrics, graunules, sacks, tarpaulins
Plot No 455 Santej Vadsar Road,Santej
Factory Address Kalol(Taluk), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382721
Phone Number
Plot No.455 Santej Vadsar Road, Village Santej,
Registered Office Address Kalol, 382721, Gujarat
Registered office phn .no. 91-02764-286632/321312
pb@griltarp.com
Email Address info@griltarp.com
Website http://www.griltarp.com/
Fax Number
Company Name Gujarat Crafts Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
822

Products HDPE Tarpaulins

Extruder / Tapeline Plant, Weaving Looms,
Lamination Plant, Liner Plant, Circular Looms with
facility of “Anti Slip Weave”, Chain Stitching
Machines, Flexography 2 Color / 3 Color printing
with or without Heat Cut, Hydraulic Bale Pressing
Key Machinery Installed - Machine, Micro Perforation Unit, Tarpaulin Making
Name of machine Machine
Fabrics, master batches, granules, M.B. GRNL,
Key Raw Material (RM) Required sacks, tarpaulins
Plot No 431 Santej-Vadsar Road,Village Santej
Gandhinagar ,
Factory Address Kalol, Gujarat, 382721
Phone Number 91-02764-286672
Plot No 431 Village Santej, Santej-Vadsar Road
Registered Office Address Gandhinagar, Kalol, 382721, Gujarat
Registered office phn .no. 91-2764-286673/321899
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Ashok Chhajer
Designation Chairman & Managing Director
Telephone
Email Address info@gujaratcraft.com
Website http://www.gujaratcraft.com
Fax Number
Company Name Binni Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
823

Products Tarpaulins

EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 140.68
EBITDA 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh) -12.55
Net Profit 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh) -15.19
No.4, (Old No.10) Karpagambal Nagar,
Mylapore,
Registered Office Address Chennai 600 004, India
Registered office phn .no. Ph: 044-24991518
Email Address E-mail: binnymills@bmlindia.com
824
Sportech
The profiles of the key players is shown as below:
Company Name Sanspareils Greenlands Pvt Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Sports Composites - entire cricketing gear - gloves,
Products guards, etc
Technical textile segment Sportech

End user Industries For cricketing gear
Production 1.6 lakh guards and 2.6 lakh gloves
PU coated fabrics, PVC coated fabrics, Cotton,
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Leather
Domestic(Share in %) Coated fabrics are imported to alarge extent
PBDT
PBDT
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 816.34
District Meerut
State U.P
Factory Address Meerut
Registered Office Address Plot no 150, Gagol rd, Partapur, Meerut
Contact Person Kailash Chandra Anand - MD
Name & Designation Tushar - Senior Manager Marketing
M.D
Designation Senior Manager Marketing
mail@teamsg.in
Email Address Tushar@teamsg.in
Website www.sgcricket.com
Fax Number 0121-2513828
825

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Sports net

End user Industries Sports, protective nets, etc
Production 7461MT of netting
Capacity
2012-13 8724 MT
Technical colaborations to start operations
District Pune
State Maharahstra
Factory Address Pune & Wai - 3 factories
Phone Number
New Delhi
Plot no 11
Block D1
MIDC Chinchwad
Registered Office Address Pune - 411 019
011-25923367
'020-30780000
Contact Person
826

09370313237
Fax Number 020-30780350
Company Name Cosco India Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Sports Composites

End user Industries In Footballs & Inflatables
Exports (in Rs. Lakh) Rs. 313 Lakh
Sales Turnover 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 8081.54
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 372.21
EBITDA 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh) 832.86
Total Assets (2012-13) – in Rs. lakh 2231.66
District Delhi
State Delhi
1688 - 2/31, Near Railway Station
Factory Address Gurgaon
Phone Number 0124 - 225 1781
2/8, Roop Nagar
Delhi
Registered office phn .no. 011- 2384 3000
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Pankaj jain
Telephone 011- 2384 3000
Email Address mail@cosco.co.in
Website www.cosco.in
Fax Number 011- 2384 6000
827
Company Name Freewill Sport Pvt. Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Sports Composites

End user Industries In Footballs & Inflatables
Production
District Jalandhar
State Punjab
S- 32, Industrial Area
Jallandhar
Factory Address Punjab
Phone Number
S- 32, Industrial Area
Jallandhar
Registered Office Address Punjab
Registered office phn .no. 0181 - 5057000
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Kishore Thapar
Designation 0181 - 5057000
Telephone 0181 - 5057000
Email Address freewill@niviasports.com
Website www.niviasports.com
Fax Number 0181 – 229104
Company Name Bata Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Shoes components
828

End user Industries Shoe making
Production
District Gurgaon
State Haryana
Factory Address
Bata House
418/02 , M G Road
Phone Number Gurgaon sc - 17
6A, S N Bannerje Road
Registered Office Address Kolkata - 700 013
Registered office phn .no. 033- 3980 2001
Contact Person
Name & Designation
Designation
Telephone 0124- 3990100
Email Address customer.servoce@bata.co.in
Website www.bata.in
Fax Number 0124- 3990 116
Company Name Liberty Shoes

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Shoes components

End user Industries Shoe making
Production 82.6 lakh pairs
829

District Karnal
State Haryana
Liberty House, Liberty Road, P.O. Box No. 103, Karnal-
Registered Office Address 132001 (Haryana) India.
Registered office phn .no. Tel: +91-184-2252533, 2256100
knl@libertyshoes.com
Email Address customercare@libertyshoes.com
http://www.libertyshoes.com/contactaddress.aspx?mp
Website gid=54&1pgid=55
Fax Number Fax: +91-184-2255636, 2256400
Company Name Jasch Group

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
PU coated fabrics -
Products Synthetic leather

End user Industries As artificial leather component for sport shoes
Production 31.8 lakh metres of PU/ PVC coated fabrics
Imports (Share in %) 15% imported
PU coated fabrics - 6548.22
Sales Turnover 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) Total - 7529.47
Sales Turnover 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) Total -8151
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) Total - 842.89
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) Total - 907.25
830

Total employees 150
District New Delhi
State Delhi/ NCR
43/5, Bahalgarh Road, P.O Bahalgarh 'Sonipat
Factory Address District ,Haryana ,131021
Phone Number 0126-2240710 0126-2242694
Jasch House 5105/1 Behind Khalsa College Dev
Nagar
Registered Office Address New Delhi - 110005
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. S K Verma
Designation
Email Address manish@jaschgauging.com
Website http://jaschindustries.com/joomlabeta/
Fax Number 011-25823732
Company Name Kusumgar Associates

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Parachutes

End user Industries Ski diving
Production
Yarn
NSF
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Fabric
Domestic(Share in %) Imports - 1650.00
Imports (Share in %) Domestic - 1849.35
831

District Mumbai
State Maharahstra
Factory Address Mumbai
R. O. 101, Manjushree, V. M. Road, J. V. P. D., Vile
Registered Office Address Parle (West), Mumbai - 400056
022-61125100
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Y K Kusumgar
Designation Chairman
Telephone 022 – 6112 5100
mktalukdar@kusumgar.com
Email Address info@kusumgar.com
Website www.kusumgar.com
Fax Number 022-26115651
Company Name Page Industries Ltd.

Type of Unit -
SME or otherwise Others
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products High performance sports wear

End user Industries Swimsuts
Production 3.7 lakh nos.
Abbaiah Reddy Industrial Area, Jockey Campus
6/2 & 6/4, Hongasandra, Begur hobli,
Registered Office Address Bangalore - 560 068
832
Registered office phn .no. 080 - 4047 6868

Telephone 080 - 4047 6868
Email Address customercare@jckeyindia.com
Website www.jockeyindia.com
Fax Number 080 - 2573 2226
Company Name Leisure Export Worldwide

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT 100% EOU
Products Sport Composites

End user Industries Boxing gloves
District Jalandhar
State Punjab
Factory Address S - 24, 25 Industrial Area, Jalandhar City,
8588873642
Telephone:
+(91)-(181)-2290757
+(91)-(181)-2490757
Phone Number +(91)-(181)-5083083
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Mahajan
Telephone +(91)-8427211234
www.indiamart.com/leisure-export-worldwide
Website http://www.lewindia.com/
Fax Number +(91)-(181)-2290535
833
Clothtech
The profile of key players is as shown below:
Company Name Ruby Mills
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Interlining
Technical textile segment Clothtech

End user Industries In Apparels - Shirts
District Mumbai
State Maharahstra
J. K. Sawant Marg, Dadar,
Factory Address Mumbai - 400 028
Phone Number
Ruby House,
J K Sawant Road,
Registered Office Address Dadar west, Mumbai
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. R N Mehta
Designation Incharge - Technical Textiles
rmehta@rubymills.com
Email Address info@rubymills.com
Website www.rubymills.com
Fax Number 022-24378125
Company Name Bombay Dyeing

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit - OTHERS
834
EOU UNIT
Products Interlinings - for textile division

District Mumbai
State Maharahstra
Neville House
J N Heredia Marg
Ballard Estate
Registered Office Address mumbai - 400038
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Nilesh Thakur
Designation Incharge – PSF
Email Address nilesh.thakur@bombaydyeing.com
Website www.bombaydyeing.com
022-22614520
Fax Number 022-22615014
Company Name Supreme Non-wovens

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Interlinings - Non woven interlining, Pocket &
Products thermal lining, Fabric interlining

Production
835
Exports (in Rs. Lakh) Rs. 12.48 lakh

EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 2625.22
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 2411.08
District Mumbai/Vapi
State Maharashtra/ Gujarat
Factory Address Bhilad, Valvada & Vapi
Phone Number
Supreme House,
Plot no 110,
Registered Office Address 16th Road, Chembur, Mumbai -400071
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Mohan Kavrie
mohan.kavrie@supremegroup.com
mumbai@supremegroup.co.in
Email Address amit.kavrie@supremegroup.com
Website http://www.supremegroup.co.in/nonwoven.html
Fax Number 022-25208092
Company Name YKK India Private Limited

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Metalic and non-metallic Zipper

End user Industries In Apparels, Furnishings, Bags
Production 350 Mn. Pieces
Capacity
2012-13 40 Mn. Pieces
836

EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 6578.4
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 4682.8
Total employees 200
100% subsidiary of YKK Corporation Japan.
Technical colaborations Technological collaboration with YKK , Japan
District Gurgaon
State Haryana
Plot no 699
Factory Address HSIDC, Investate Bawal, Rewari, Haryana
Phone Number
Global business park
3rd floor
Tower A
Mehrauli - Gurgaon rd
Registered Office Address Gurgaon - 122002
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Vipin Kaushal
Designation G. M
Email Address info@ykkindia.com
Website www.ykkindia.com
Fax Number 0124-3924898
Company Name Spica Elastic Private Limited

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Elastic narrow fabric

Production 96 Mn. Metres
Capacity
2012-13 96 Mn. Metres
837

EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 1433.19
District Pune
State Maharashtra
22/2, Hadapsar Industrial Estate,
Factory Address Pune 411 013
Phone Number
22/2, Hadapsar Industrial Estate,
Registered Office Address Pune 411 013
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. D V Thite
Designation Correspondece - For Ministry of textiles
dv.thite@spicaindia.com
Email Address enquiry@spica.com
Website www.spicaindia.com
Fax Number 020-26872212
Company Name Sky Industries

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Velcro

Exports (in Rs. Lakh)
Capacity
2012-13 128400000 Mtr
838

District Mumbai
State Maharashtra
C-58, TTC Industrial Area, Thane Belapur Road,
Factory Address Pawane, Navi Mumbai - 400705
Phone Number
9 Chatrabhuj Jivandas House
285, Princes Street
Registered Office Address Mumbai - 400 002
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Maikal Raorani
maikal.bom@skgroup.com
Email Address sales@skgroup.com
Website www.sky-india.com
Fax Number 022-2206 4687
Company Name Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Interlining

End user Industries In apparels
Exports (in Rs. Lakh) Rs. 27,682 lakh
Capacity
2012-13 800 Mn. Metres
839

District Kanpur
State Uttar Pradesh
19/X - 1 Krishnapuram
G T Road, Kanpur
Registered Office Address Uttar Pradesh - 208 007
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Nirmal Jhajharia
Designation Head - Techical Textiles
Telephone 0512 - 2402893
Email Address shri@shrilakshmi.in
Website www.shrilakshmi.in
Fax Number
Company Name Precot Meridian

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Sewing thread - Polyester

End user Industries In stiching, clothing, etc
District Coimbatore
State Tamil Nadu
737, greenfield
Puliakulam rd,
Factory Address Coimbatore -641 0145
Phone Number
Registered Office Address 737, greenfield
840
Puliakulam rd,
Coimbatore -641 0145
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Gopi Rajan
Designation Head - Technical
gopirajan@precot.com
Email Address wvg@precot.com
Website www.precot.com
Fax Number 0422- 4321200
Company Name Siddhartha Filaments Private Ltd.

Type of Unit -
SME or otherwise Small
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Hook and loop fasteners (Velcros) - fabrics, coins,
Products tapes, adesive tape, fastneres and sandpaper,

Imports (Share in %) 100% domestic -
District Surat
State Gujarat
No. 702, Trividh Chambers
Registered Office Address Ring road, Surat - 395002
Registered office phn .no. +(91)-(261)-2329881 -84
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Sudarshan Shyamshukla
Telephone 9737697377
841
info@amithook-loop.com
Email Address siddharthyarns@gmail.com
Website www.hookloop.in
Fax Number
842
Hometech
The profiles of key manufacturers of hometech are as follows:
Company Name Reliance Industries Limited
Products Fiberfill - Polyester - (brand - Recron)
Technical textile segment Hometech
End user Industries For filling mattresses
PSF - 612 KT
Production Polyester - 1.627 Mn MT
Capacity 2.4 Mn tonnes
Capacity expansion plan 1.5 Mn MT polyester capacity at Silvasa
Market share 2012-13
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 4117800
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 3981100
EBITDA 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh) 3878500
District Mumbai
State Maharashtra
Naroda,
Factory Address Gujarat
Phone Number
Makers Chambers - IV, Nariman Point, Mumbai
Registered Office Address 400 021.
Registered office phn .no. 91-22-2278 5000
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. S P Gomber
Designation Incharge - Textile & PSF
Email Address sp.gomber@ril.com
Website www.ril.com
Fax Number 91-22-2278 5111
Ganesha Ecosphere Ltd.

Company Name (earlier -Ganesh Polytex)
843

Products Fiberfill - Recycled PSF
End user Industries For filling mattresses
Production 57600 MT
Exports
Capacity 68,400 MT
Total assets (2012-13) 10289
District Kanpur
State U.P
113/216 'B' Ist Floor Swaroop Nagar , Kanpur -
Registered Office Address 208004 (U.P.) -
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Sandeep Khandelwal
Designation VP - Project & technical
Telephone +91 9415108158
sandeep@ganeshaecosphere.com
Email Address gplworks@rediffmail.com
Website http://www.ganeshaecosphere.com
Fax Number 0512-2555293
Company Name Hanung Toys & Textiles Ltd.

Products Stuffed toys
End user Industries Stuffed toys
Production 30.4 Mn toys
844
Exports Rs. 82718.43 lakh

Capacity 27.5 Mn toys
Total assets (2012-13) 63577
District NOIDA
State Delhi/ NCR
Factory Address 108-109 Nsez Noida 201 305 ,India

E -93,
Greater Kailash enclave - Part 1
New delhi - 110048
Marol Maroshi Rd
Andheri East
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. A K Gupta
Designation Head - Marketing & Soft toys
Telephone +91-9811564140
Email Address akgupta@hanung.com
Website www.hanung.com
Fax Number 011-26241822
Company Name Hunter Douglas

Products Blinds - Sunscreens, window blinds, shades
End user Industries As curtains/ sunscreens
Production
Exports Rs. 124.6 lakh
845
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 1194.33

EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 790.02
Total assets (2012-13) 1712.5
District Mumbai
State Maharashtra
Factory Address Mumbai

Phone Number
C- 102, Mangalya,
Marol Maroshi Rd
Andheri East
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Hrushikesh Vaishampaya
Designation Product Manager - Window Fashions
hrushikesh@hunterdouglas.in
Email Address contact@hunterdouglas.in
Website http://wf.hunterdouglas.asia/in/en/contactus/contactus/sb.cn
Fax Number 022-29208043
Company Name Alps Industries Ltd - Product name Vista blinds

Products Blinds - sold under brand name Vista
Technical textile segment
End user Industries For home décor
Homefurnishing & fashin - 23.2%
Sales Turnover 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) Total turnover - 64725.05
PBDT
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) -7399.72
PBDT
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) ( -23189.52)
846

District Gaziabad
State Delhi/ NCR
A- 3, Loni road Industrial Area
Factory Address Gaziabad
Phone Number +91 9560 5566 55
57/2 Site IV
Industrial Area
Sahibabad
Registered Office Address Gaziabad - 201010
Registered office phn .no. +91 9560 5566 55
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mrs. Rashmi Mishra
Designation DGM - Corporate
rashmi@alspindustries.com
Email Address info@alpsindustries.com
Website www.vistafashions.com
Fax Number 0120-2896134
Company Name Chiripal Group of Companies

Products Flock Fabrics (Velvets)
Apparel, furnishing, fashion accessories, Arts and
End user Industries crafts
Capacity 9 Mn. Metres

Name of machine 19
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 6987.94
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 7679.99
District Ahmedabad
State Gujarat
Chiripal house
Shivranjani crossing
Satellite
Registered Office Address Ahmedabad - 380 015
847
Registered office phn .no. 079-26734660/ 62/63

Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Lalit
Designation Chief Operating Officer
Telephone +91-9879105130
Lalit@chiripalgroup.com
Email Address corporate@chiripalgroup.com
Website http://www.chiripalgroup.com/
Fax Number 079-26768656
Company Name Global Textile Alliance

Products Ticking fabrics
End user Industries Used as mattress lining
SF - No. 149
Channapa Cheddy, Pudur Post
Padhuvam
Palli Village
Registered Office Address Coimbatore - 641 659
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Senthil prabhu
+91 - 994731313
Telephone '+91 - 994713131
Email Address info@gtatextilesindia.com
Website http://www.gtatextilesindia.com/
Fax Number
Company Name Dinesh Mills

Filter fabrics for Acs and vaccum cleaners and
Products other worsted and woolen fabrics
End user Industries Used in ACs and vaccum cleaners
Production
Exports Rs. 465 lakh
848

Total assets (2012-13) 18263.96
P.O Box No - 2501
Padra Road
Registered Office Address Vadodra - 390020
Registered office phn .no. 0265-2330060 -65
Contact Person
Name & Designation Shri J B Sojitra
Designation Company Secretary
Telephone 0265-2330060 -65
Fax Number 0265-2336195
Company Name Mayur Uniqouters

Products Furnishing fabrics
End user Industries Artificial leather for sofa and other home use

Exports
Capacity 22.2 Mn. Metres
Capacity Utlization 2012-13 ( in %) 97%
Planning to add 6 lakh metres per month capacity
as a fifith coating line
Plans to add a 6th coating line by 2014-15 taking

Capacity expansion plan total capacity ot 3.1 Mn. Metres
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 5382.61
EBITDA 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh) 7025.95
849

Total employees
Total assets (2012-13) 9645.8
District Jaipur
State Rajasthan
Village - Jaitpura
Jaipur - Sikar Road
Chomu ,
Jaipur - 303 704
Rajasthan
& Village - dhodsar

Khajroli road
Jaipur - Sikar Highway
Chomu, Jaipur
Factory Address Rajasthan
Phone Number
Village - Jaitpura
Jaipur - Sikar Road
Chomu ,
Jaipur - 303 704
Registered Office Address Rajasthan
Fax Number 01423 -224420
Company Name Gujarat Flotex

Products Furnishing fabrics - Flock
End user Industries Used as sofa fabrics and in apparels
Production 8.3 Mn. Metres

Exports Rs. 240 lakh
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 589.38
850
Total assets (2012-13) 1328.02

District Ahmedabad
State Gujarat
1039/2, Kadi, Chatral Rd. Chhatral,
Taluka - Kalol,
Dist. - Gandhinagar
Factory Address Gujarat
Phone Number
407, Sashwat, Opp. Gujarat College
Registered Office Address Elisbridge, Ahmedabad - 380086
Registered office phn .no.
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. J P Tausnival
Telephone ‘91-79-26563204
Email Address jpt@gujaratflotex.com
Website http://www.gujaratflotex.com/
Fax Number
851
Protech
The profile of the key players is as shown below:
Company Name Tata Advanced Material Limited

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Bullet Proof Jackets - Standard assualt jackets,
Tactical vest, Floatation jacket for naval force,
Products Concealable vest, Executive vests
Technical textile segment Protech

End user Industries As personal armour
District Bangalore
State Karnataka
10, Jigani Industrial Area
Registered Office Address Jigani, Bangalore - 562 106
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Arun Rama Setty
Designation Manager - Defence Products
arun.ramasetty@tamlindia.com
Email Address sales.dicd@tamilindia.com
Website www.tamlindia.com
Fax Number 080-27825570
Rajasthan Spinning and Weaving Mills Limited

Company Name ( A subsidiary of LNJ Bhilwara Group)
Type of Unit -
852
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Inherent fire retardant fabrics

End user Industries As fire protective cloths
Production 2.7 lakh metres
Name of machine 104 LOOMS
District NOIDA
State U.P
Factory Address Bhilwara
Phone Number
Bhilwara Towers
A -12, Sector 1
Registered Office Address NOIDA - 201301
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Rajiv Jain
Designation Chief Operating Officer
01483 - 223144
Telephone +91-9414113604
Email Address rajiv.jain@lnjbhilwara.com
Website http://rswmltd.org
Fax Number 0120-2531648
Jayashree Textiles
Company Name ( A subsidiary of Aditya Birla Nuvo Group)
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Chemical Coated Fire Retardant Fabrics - Fabric
Products sold under brand name -"PYROGUARD"

853
Production 2 lakh ,metres

District Hoogly
State West Bengal
PO: Prabhasnagar 712 249
Dist. Hooghly
West Bengal
Factory Address India
Phone Number
PO: Prabhasnagar 712 249
Dist. Hooghly
West Bengal
Registered office phn .no. Tel: 26001200-700
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. J S Kataria
Designation Head – FR fabrics
Telephone
Email Address s.krishnamoorthy@adityabirla.com
Website http://www.jayashree-abnl.com
Fax Number
Company Name Mallcom India Limited

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Fire/Flame retardant Apparel - Fire proximity anti
Products static garments

Production 6 lakh garments
Capacity
2012-13
Name of machine 7 prodction facilites across 3 states
854
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Aramids, coated fabrics, cotton fabrics
Source of Raw Material Imports - 1286.91
Domestic(Share in %) 16.73%
Source of Raw Material Domestic - Rs. 6404.37 lakh
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 1245.01
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 939.93
Mallcom Tower
EN-12, Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700091
Registered Office Address Mallcom also has an office in Gurgaon, Delhi NCR.
Registered office phn .no. Phone : + 91 33 4016 1000
Contact Person Mr. Giriraj Amal
Name & Designation Mr. Viman Mukherjee
Executive director
Designation Mr. Viman – Factory Manager
viman@mallcomindia.com
sales@mallcomindia.com
Email Address mallcom@mallcomindia.com
Website http://www.mallcomindia.com/site/index.php
Fax Number 033-4016 1010
Company Name Entremonde Polycoaters Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products High Altitude Clothing

End user Industries Army mountaineering
Production
855
Textiles
PVC, Pu resins,
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Plasticizers
Domestic(Share in %) Import -Rs. lakh 652.04
Imports (Share in %) Domestic -1746.95
3518
Sales Turnover 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) Multilayer clothing - 916
3478
Sales Turnover 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) Multilayer clothing - 1147
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 155.33
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 226.99
District Mumbai
State Maharahstra
Factory Address 2 manufacturing units at Nasik
Phone Number
Kilfire House, 1st Floor
C-17, Dalia Indl. Area,
Off Link Road, Andheri (W),
Registered Office Address Mumbai - 400 053, INDIA.
Registered office phn .no. Tel : +91 22 26732563
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. C M Ketan
Designation M.D
Telephone +91 22 26732563
Email Address epl@entremonde.com
Website http://www.entremonde.com/
Fax Number 022-26732568
Company Name Arvind Mills Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Fire/Flame retardant Apparel - Fire proximity anti
Products static garments
856

Production 3.6 lakh metres
District Ahmedabad
State Gujarat
Advanced Material Division
Santej
P.O - Khatraj
Tal - Kalol
Factory Address Dist - Gandhinagar - 382721
Phone Number +91 2764 395 683
Railway Pura post
Naroda Road
P B No. 10010
Registered Office Address Ahmedabad - 380025
Registered office phn .no. +91 2764 395 683
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Punit Lalbhai
Executive Director -
Designation Head - Advanced Materials
Telephone
punit.lalbhai@arvind.in
Email Address amd@arvind.com
Website http://www.arvind-amd.com/
Fax Number 079-30138680
Company Name Loyal Textile Mills

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Bullet Proof Jackets - Standard assualt jackets,
857
Tactical vest, Floatation jacket for naval force,

Concealable vest, Executive vests

End user Industries As personal armour
Production 338 lakh metres
Yarn
Cloth
Dyes
Reflective bands
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Cotton Staple fibre
Sale of cloth - 17655
Sale of garments - 6903
Sales Turnover 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) Total - 96245
Sale of cloth - 21919
Sale of garments - 6688
Sales Turnover 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) Total- 91059
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 12779.73
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 10102.43
Total employees
JV -with Ms - Gruppo P&P Loyal SpA of Itay and
Technical colaborations Scaefer Loyal of Germany
District Chennai
State Tamil Nadu
Corporate office -
83/41
1st Main road
R A Puram
Factory Address Chennai - 600 028
21/4
Mill Street
Kovilpatti - 628501
Registered Office Address Tamil Nadu
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Manikam Ramaswami
Designation Chairman & Managing Director
858
Email Address cmd@loyaltextiles.com
Website www.loyaltextiles.com
Fax Number
Company Name Tarasafe International Pvt. Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Fire retardant apparels

As protective clothing in Oil & gas and other
End user Industries sectors
Production
Total employees
District Ahmedabad
State Gujarat
C/ODUTTA
PROPERTIES BUDGE BUDGE
TRUNK ROAD, BENEPUKUR
(MOLLAR
GATE) GOBINDPUR West
Factory Address Bengal INDIA 700141
Phone Number Tel: +91-33-2492-9410/799
C/ODUTTA
PROPERTIES BUDGE BUDGE
TRUNK ROAD, BENEPUKUR
(MOLLAR
GATE) GOBINDPUR West
Registered Office Address Bengal INDIA 700141
Registered office phn .no. Tel: +91-33-2492-9410/799
859
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Basant Kumar Lohia
Designation
Telephone Tel: +91-11-2391-7688/2394-0905
Email Address info@tarasafe.in
Website www.tarasafe.in
Fax Number Fax: +91-11-2394-0494
Company Name Rajda Industries and Exports Pvt. Ltd

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT 100% EOU
Products Industrial Gloves

End user Industries In industries, labs
Production 7 Mn. Pairs
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 295.43
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 607.52
Technical colaborations
District Kolkata
State West Bengal
1702, Chatterjee International Centre,
33A, Jawaharlal Nehru Road,
Kolkata - 700071,
Tel: +91-33-22261916
Registered office phn .no. Mobile: +91 - 9831439660
Contact Person
Name & Designation V V Raman
Designation
Email Address vv.raman@rajda.in
860
vvraman54@gmail.com
Website http://www.rajda.in
Fax Number 033-22492815
Company Name Alok Industries Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Fire Retardant fabrics and work wear aparels

FR apparels
End user Industries High visibility clothing
Production 22 Mn. Garments
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 262475
EBITDA 2012-13 ( in Rs. Lakh) 187970
State Maharashtra
District Mumbai
17/5/1, 521/1, Village Rakholi/ Saily,
Silvassa, The Union Territory of
Registered Office Address Dadra and Nagar Haveli-396 230
Registered office phn .no. Tel: +91 22 61787000
Telephone Tel: +91 22 61787000
Email Address info@alokind.com
Website www.alokind.com
Fax Number 0260 2645289
Company Name Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
861
Products NBC suits, personal armour,

End user Industries In defence applications
District Kanpur
State Uttar Pradesh
19/X - 1 Krishnapuram
G T Road, Kanpur
Registered Office Address Uttar Pradesh - 208 007
Contact Person
Name & Designation Mr. Nirmal Jhajharia
Designation Head - Techical Textiles
Telephone 0512 - 2402893
Email Address shri@shrilakshmi.in
Website www.shrilakshmi.in
Fax Number
862
Indutech
The profiles of key players is show as under:
Company Name Axiom Cordages Limited
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Yes
Products Cordages
Technical textile segment Indutech
End user Industries Indutech
PRODUCTS Cordages
Unit of quantity(2010-11) Meter
Productsfor exports Cordages
Unit for exports Meters
Export 2011-12 700
Export 2012-13 700
Unit of capacity Meter
Capacity 2010-11 30000
Capacity 2012-13 30000
Capacity Utlization 2012-13 ( in %) 1
Manufacturing process Weaving/Netting
Name of machine JP
Key Raw Material (RM) Required PP / Synthetic
Domestic(Share in %) 1
863

Total - Permanent employment(2012-13) 47
Land & Building Gross value (on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs.
Lakh) 1000
Major Machinery Gross value (on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs.
Lakh) 400
Ancillary Machinery Gross value (on 31 MAR'13) (in
Rs. Lakh) 200
Eucharistics Congress Building No. 1, 5,
Registered Office Address Convent Street
Contact Person K K Agarwal
Telephone 022-66582724/66562725
Email Address inquiry@foraxiom.com
Website www.axiomcordages.com
Fax Number 022-66562798
Company Name CUMI
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Coated abrasives
PRODUCTS Coated abrasives
Product segment for financial Abrasives sales
Sales Turnover
2011-12
( in Rs. Lakh) 60920
Sales Turnover
2012-13
Registered Office Address 1st Floor, Dare House Extn., No.234, NSC Bose Road,Chennai - 600 001
Registered office phn .no. 044 3000 6065 / 6066
Email Address cumiref@cumi.murugappa.com
Website http://www.cumi-murugappa.com
864
Company Name Daramic Battery Separator India Pvt Ltd.
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Battery separators
PRODUCTS PE Separators
Unit of quantity
(2010-11) sq. m.
Quantity
Produced
( 2010-11) 8,665,3 18
Product segment for financial Gross Revenue for PE Belts
Sales Turnover
2010-11
( in Rs. Lakh) 7642.77
Sales Turnover
2011-12
( in Rs. Lakh) 9535.68
Net Profit
2010-11
( in Rs. Lakh) 819.05974
Net Profit
2011-12
( in Rs. Lakh) 488.55961
District Bangalore
State Karnataka
Daramic Battery Separator lndia Pvt. Ltd.
Plot No. 25 KlADB New No. 5 BBMP
3rd Main Road, 1'' Phase Peenya
Registered Office Address Bangalore 560 025 lndia
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
865

Products Ropes
PRODUCTS Ropes and Cordages
Unit of quantity
(2010-11) 26440 MT
Capacity
2010-11 31680 MT
Sales Turnover
2010-11
Sales Turnover
2011-12
Sales Turnover
2012-13
EBITDA
2010-11
( in Rs. Lakh) 5494
EBITDA
2011-12
( in Rs. Lakh) 6120
EBITDA
2012-13
( in Rs. Lakh) 6413
Net Profit
2010-11
( in Rs. Lakh) 2443
Net Profit
2011-12
( in Rs. Lakh) 2401
Net Profit
2012-13
( in Rs. Lakh) 2467
Land & Building
Gross value (on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs.
Lakh) 2145
Major Machinery
Lakh) 10300
Other Fixed Assets
Lakh) 2969
Any Technical Collaboration - JV - Garware Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd. is yet to start
Provide brief operations
866
District Pune
State Maharahstra
New Delhi
Plot no 11
Block D1
MIDC Chinchwad
011-25923367
'020-30780000
Contact Person

09370313237
Fax Number 020-30780350
Company Name Grindwell Norton
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Coated abrasives
Product segment for
financial Abrasives sales
Sales Turnover
2011-12
( in Rs. Lakh) 654,15.92
Sales Turnover
2012-13 653,89.64
867
( in Rs. Lakh)
Leela Business Park, 5th Level, Andheri-Kurla Road,Andheri (E), Mumbai -
Registered Office Address 400059.
Website http://www.grindwellnorton.co.in
Company Name Hind Filters Ltd
Type of Unit - EOU UNIT No

Products Filter Rods
PRODUCTS Filter Rod
Unit of quantity (2010-11) Milion Rods
Unit of quantity(2011-12) Milion Rods
Unit of quantity(2012-13) Milion Rods
Unit of capacity Milion Rods
Capacity2010-11 1000
Capacity2012-13 1000
Manufacturing process Rod Maker
Key Machinery Installed - Name of machine Lee's
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Cellulose Fibres
Source of Raw Material Domestic(Share in %) 1
EBITDA 2010-11( in Rs. Lakh) 50
Total - Permanent employment(2012-13) 40
Land & BuildingGross value (on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs. 500
868
Lakh)
Major MachineryGross value (on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs.
Lakh) 150
Ancillary MachineryGross value(on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs.
Lakh) 5000
Other Fixed AssetsGross value (on 31 MAR'13) (in Rs.
Lakh) 100
Any Technical Collaboration -Provide brief No
1521 4 1522, Makers Chambers V, Narima
Registered Office Address Point
Contact Person Mr Ramesh Gaud
Email Address hindfilter@hindgroupindia.com
Website www.hindfilters.com
Company Name L.G. Balakrishnan & Bros. Ltd
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
PRODUCTS Drive belts, conveyor belts
Product segment for financial Gross Income
EBITDA 2010-11 in Rs. Lakh) 8794.58
EBITDA2011-12( in Rs. Lakh) 10392.13
District Coimbatore
6/16/13, Krishnarayapuram Road,
Registered Office Address Ganapathy, Coimbatore - 641 006.
Registered office phn .no. Phone No. 0422 - 2532325 Fax : 0091 422 253 2333
Email Address info@lgb.co.in
Website http://www.lgb.co.in/profile_about_us.html
869
Company Name Montex Glass Fibre Indus. Pvt.Ltd.
Type of Unit -
SME or otherwise Small
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Yes
Products Fiber Glass Fabric
PRODUCTS Fiber Glass Fabric
Unit of quantity(2010-11) Cs
QuantityProduced( 2010-11) Cs
Unit of quantity(2011-12) Mtr
QuantityProduced( 2011-12) 25 Lac
Unit of quantity(2012-13) Mtr
QuantityProduced( 2012-13) 30 Lac
Unit of capacity 50 Lac Mtr
Capacity2010-11 C/S
Capacity 2011-12 (blank)
Capacity 2012-13 70 Lacmtr
Capacity Utlization2012-13 ( in %) 50 Lac Mtr
Capacity expansion plan (blank)
Manufacturing process Inspect Coating
Key Machinery Installed - Name of machine Fiberglass Machine
Key Raw Material (RM) Required polyster
Source of Raw Material Domestic(Share in %) 1
Total - Permanent employment (2012-13) 95
Ancillary Machinery Gross value (on 31
MAR'13) (in Rs. Lakh) Can't Say
State Maharashtra
2/19-20, Bombay Mutual Annexe, Rustom Sidhawa
Registered Office Address Marg, Mumbai. 400001
E-76, MIDC, Ambad Idustrial Aria,Nasik
870
Email Address montexnsk@sify.com
Company Name Owens Corning India Ltd

Products Glass fibres, Composites
EBITDA 2010-11( in Rs. Lakh) 1263.7
EBITDA 2011-12( in Rs. Lakh) -212
Net Profit 2011-12( in Rs. Lakh) -212
7th Floor, ALPHA, Hiranandani Garden,
Registered Office Address Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India
Registered office phn .no. 022-6668 1700
Email Address csb-india@owenscorning.com
Website http://www.owenscorningindia.com
Company Name Sanrhea Technical Textiles Ltd.
Type of Unit -

Chafer fabric, liner fabric, belting fabric,
Products diaphragm, impression and float fabrics
PRODUCTS Fabric
Unit of quantity(2010-11) 2395112
QuantityProduced( 2010-11) kgs
871

Dr. Ambedkar Road, Near G.E.B.,
Kalol ( North Gujarat) – 382 721
Registered Office Address Dist Gandhinagar. India.
Registered office phn .no. +91-(02764) – 227831, 225204
Email Address info@sanrhea.com
Website http://www.sanrhea.com/contact_us.html
872
Geotech & Oekotech

The profiles of key players of Geotech and Oekotech is as shown below
Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Woven geo textiles and gabions

End user Industries Fishing nets and twines
Production 826 Mn. Sq metres
Capacity
2012-13 8724 MT
Total employees
Technical colaborations to start operations
District Pune
State Maharahstra
Phone Number
New Delhi
Plot no 11
Block D1
MIDC Chinchwad
011-25923367
'020-30780000
873
Contact Person
09370313237
Fax Number 020-30780350
Company Name Techfab India

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT 100% EOU
2: Type of Management
Products Nonwovens
Technical textile segment Geotech

* Reinforcement of paved areas
* Erosion Control
* Road Stabilisation
* Drainage
End user Industries * Landfill Seperation
Poly Propylene/ HDPE, Master Batch, PP Repol 30
SG, Polyester Yarn, PP MF Yarn, DINP, PVC Resin,
Polyester Staple Fibre, Glass Roving, Bitumen, PP
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Staple Fibers, G.I. Wire
Domestic(Share in %) Imported
712, Embassy Centre,
Nariman Point,
Registered Office Address Mumbai - 400 021. ( India )
874
Registered office phn .no. 91-22-2287 6224 / 6225

Email Address anant@techfabindia.com / tfi@vsnl.net
Website http://www.techfabindia.com/
Company Name SKAPS

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT 100% EOU
2: Type of Management
Products Woven - Tape, Mono filament

* Erosion Control
* Drainage
Production 12600 MT
PLOT NO A-20,SURVEY NO 423,MAHAGUJARAT
INDUSTRIAL
ESTATE,AHMEDABAD BAVLA HIGHWAY,TAL
SANAND
AHMEDABAD.
Gujarat
INDIA
Registered Office Address 382210
Email Address sumersingh@skaps.com
Website http://www.skaps.com/
Fax Number
Company Name Terram India Pvt. Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT 100% EOU
Products thermally bonded nonwoven geotextiles

End user Industries * Reinforcement of paved areas
875
* Erosion Control
* Drainage
* Landfill Seperation
Production 1.3 Mn. Kgs
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) -20.00
Technical colaborations It’s a JV with Fibwerweb Geosynthetics Ltd., UK
A 704 Safal Pegasus
Anandnagar Road
Ahmedabad
380 015
Gujarat
Registered Office Address INDIA
Contact Person
Name & Designation Parimal Parekh
Telephone
sales@terramgeosynthetics.com
Email Address pparekh@terramgeosynthetics.com
Website http://www.terramgeosynthetics.com/
Fax Number
Company Name Strata Geosystems

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT 100% EOU
Products Knitted geogrid

* Segmental Retaining Walls
* Landslide Repair
* Panel Faced Retaining Walls
End user Industries * Reinforced Foundations
876
* Reinforced Steep Slopes

* Track Bed Stabilization
* Reinforced Embankments Over Soft Soil
* Landfill Embankment
Production 3.6 Mn. Sq m
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Yarn, fabric, others, packing material
Domestic(Share in %) Import
Technical colaborations JV with Strata Systems Incorporated , USA
317, Tantia Jogani Industrial Premises, J. R. Boricha
Factory Address Marg, Lower Parel (E), Mumbai 400 011, India
Phone Number 91 22 4063 5100
317, Tantia Jogani Industrial Premises, J. R. Boricha
Registered Office Address Marg, Lower Parel (E), Mumbai 400 011, India
Registered office phn .no. 91 22 4063 5100
info@strataindia.com
Email Address jrk@strataindia.com
Website http://www.strataindia.com/
Fax Number
Company Name Neocorp International Limited

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
2: Type of Management Public limited
Geotech - woven carpet backing fabric geotextiles
Products fabric and ground covers

* Erosion Control
End user Industries * Road Stabilisation
877
* Drainage
* Landfill Seperation
Production 20085 MT
Capacity
2012-13 60 MT
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Fabrics/ tape, granules, sacks/ fabrics
Technical collaboration with Sungkwang Chemical
Technical colaborations Industrial Company, Korea
Industrial Area Sector - 1,Plot No 62-63 Pithampur,
Factory Address Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
Phone Number 91-07292-252284/252278/501632/33
220 Mahavir Industrial Estate, Op Mahakali Caves
Registered Office Address Rd Andheri (E), Mumbai, 400093, Maharashtra
Registered office: bom@neocorp.co.in
Email Address Works: contact@neocorp.co.in
Fax Number
Company Name Shri Ambica Polymer Private Limited

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT EOU
Products PP woven geotextiles

* Erosion Control
* Drainage
878
Production 4572 MT
Name of machine Sulzer looms
Key Raw Material (RM) Required Non woven and woven fabric
Domestic(Share in %) indigenous
EBITDA 2010-11 ( in Rs. Lakh) 685.22
EBITDA 2011-12 ( in Rs. Lakh) 477.42
Total Assets (2012-13) – in Rs. lakh 3,694
Safal Profitaire
A/3 First Floor
Nr. Auda Garden, Prahladnagar
Registered Office Address Ahmedabad - 380 015. Gujarat. India
jyotika@ambicapolymer.com
Email Address generall@ambicapolymer.com
Website www.ambicapolymer.com
Fax Number
Company Name Fiberweb India

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT Others
Products Non-Woven Fabrics-Spunbond

* Erosion Control
* Drainage
Production 98 Mn. Bags
Exports (in Rs. Lakh)
Capacity 4000 MT
879
2012-13
Plot No 92/93B,100 Costel Highway,
Nani Daman
Factory Address Daman & Diu, 396210
Phone Number
Airport Road,
Kadaiya,
Registered Office Address Nani Daman, 396210, Daman & Diu
Works: fiberweb@vsnl.net &
fiberweb@fiberwebindia.com
Marketing: fiberweb@vsnl.net &
Email Address fiberweb@fiberwebindia.com
Website http://www.fiberwebindia.com
Fax Number
Company Name Flexituff International Ltd.

Type of Unit -
Type of Unit -
EOU UNIT OTHERS
Products Geotextiles and geo bags

* Erosion Control
* Drainage
880

304 Diamond Prestige, 41-A A J C Bose Road,
Registered Office Address Kolkata, 700017, West Bengal
Registered office phn .no. 033-32212690/40053995
Email Address investors@flexituff.com
Website http://www.flexituff.com
Fax Number
881
2. Technical Textile Images
882

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OFFICE OF THE TEXTILE COMMISSIONER

Revised Final Report_2.0

Baseline survey of the technical textile industry in India

ICRA Management Consulting Services Limited

2. IMaCS’ Approach ....................................................................................................................... 27

3. Structure of report .................................................................................................................... 34

Part B. Overview of Technical Textiles in India .......................................................................... 37

2. Market Summary ...................................................................................................................... 39

3. New Technical textile products ................................................................................................. 66

4. Investment in Technical textiles ................................................................................................ 70

5. Geographical spread of technical textiles .................................................................................. 77

6. Technical textile process ........................................................................................................... 81

7. Standards for technical textiles ................................................................................................. 82

8. Potential usage by Institutional Players .................................................................................... 84

Part C. Segment wise Information on Technical Textiles in India ............................................ 123

Shade Nets ...............................................................................................................................................128

Crop covers ..............................................................................................................................................137

Anti Hail nets / Anti bird nets .................................................................................................................141

Fishing Nets .............................................................................................................................................145

Other Products ........................................................................................................................................150

2. Meditech ................................................................................................................................. 153

Baby Diapers ............................................................................................................................................161

Incontinence Diapers ..............................................................................................................................165

Under pads ..............................................................................................................................................176

Ear Buds ...................................................................................................................................................178

Surgical Disposables ................................................................................................................................179

Disposable Bed-sheets, Curtains and Pillow Covers .............................................................................182

Surgical Dressing Material ......................................................................................................................185

Eye Pads ...................................................................................................................................................190

Dental Floss .............................................................................................................................................191

Compression stockings and Compression Garments ...........................................................................193

Surgical Sutures .......................................................................................................................................197

Artificial Heart Valves and Heart Patches..............................................................................................200

Artificial Vascular Grafts .........................................................................................................................204

Hernia Mesh ............................................................................................................................................206

Artificial Joints .........................................................................................................................................209

3. Mobiltech ................................................................................................................................ 215

Tyre Cord .................................................................................................................................................220

Seat belt webbing....................................................................................................................................223

Car upholstery: Seat cover fabrics .........................................................................................................228

Car body covers .......................................................................................................................................231

Automotive carpets ................................................................................................................................232

Insulation Felts ........................................................................................................................................236

Sunblind/sun visors .................................................................................................................................238

Usage of technical textiles in airlines industry ......................................................................................242

Usage of technical textiles in railways ...................................................................................................244

4. Packtech .................................................................................................................................. 246

Polyolefin Woven Sacks (excluding FIBC) ..............................................................................................252

Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs) ......................................................................................257

Leno bags .................................................................................................................................................260

Wrapping fabric .......................................................................................................................................262

Soft Luggage ............................................................................................................................................263

Tea Bags ...................................................................................................................................................273

Shopping bags .........................................................................................................................................276

5. Sportech .................................................................................................................................. 278

Sport Composites ....................................................................................................................................284

Artificial Turf ............................................................................................................................................288

Parachute Fabric .....................................................................................................................................293

Hot Air Balloon fabric ..............................................................................................................................297