Institutional Pr2 1 3
Institutional Pr2 1 3
Institutional Pr2 1 3
CHAPTER 1
Technology has made a huge impact in the society. Ever since its first
invention, it has drastically evolved through time, from bulky televisions to flat
screens, from telegraph to mobile phones; technology comes up with different forms
and varieties of things to satisfy the needs of individuals. One of technology’s most
The world today is brimming with gadget. Every household owns a television,
desktop computers, laptops, and tablets, as well as individual people own a piece of
metal carried around every day to connect to the world. These lifeless objects have
greatly shaped humanity nowadays. It has changed the way we communicate, the way
we socialize and the way we preoccupy ourselves. Gadgets are technically created to
faithfully serve humanity however; these things also impose negative effects if not
properly employed.
Gadgets have introduced the social and virtual world to us. It has brought us to
wider horizons, creating a community wherein each one of us can explore and connect
but because of this we tend to be addicted and much more inclined to its cyclical
routines that there is no time in our lives where we don’t check our phones, browse on
different social media platforms and entertain ourselves with online games and other
activities that allows us to feel intrinsic enjoyment that satisfy our emotional and
personal needs.
Electronic contraptions also known as gadgets are accessible to any age and
for any activity, but the excessive use of gadgets gets to a point that people become
fully dependent on their devices. These gadgets are designed to make everything
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easier, in school, offices and at home. The most common and significant uses of
gadgets are to socialize with others and to be informed of what are the latest trends
Great amount of information at the fingertips, for example, the Google Maps,
cooking, drawing, learning science, and others. Health monitoring apps are available
in cellular phones that alerts the people when to walk, run, bike, check BP
periodically, etc. The ability to share daily life or special events instantly with
thousands of people and see reactions in a matter of minutes. Access to any research
papers. Ability to watch videos that have just released from abroad on Netflix,
Amazon, etc. To read e-books, without carrying heavy books. Parents use tablets for
their kids to stop them from crying. Existence of mobile apps for entertainment, social
interaction through digital media, paying bills, accessing bank accounts and etc.
Our lives have been undeniably simplified through the use of gadgets. It is a
is so immense that the ability of a person to function discontinues due to the absence
gadgets and more drawn to gadget dependency. Due to this, the researchers aim to
through matched comparison. The respondents will come from the Grade 11 STEM
students with non-gadget dependent students in terms of; time spent using gadgets,
academic performance and health. Therefore, the study aims to answer the following
questions:
1. How much time do students have intended for using their gadgets?
2. How many gadget dependent and non-gadget dependent students are there
in STEM 11?
1.3 OBJECTIVES
Students. This study shall benefit the students through making and raising
awareness of the effects of gadget dependency. The results will enable the students to
be cautious. Therefore, students will start to manage the time that they spare in using
their gadgets.
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Teachers. The results of the study will enable the teachers to evaluate and
impose rules for the better management of gadget use among students.
School. This research study will provide ideas for the school on how to
incorporate and introduce gadget use in terms of learning considering that students
nowadays are technologically inclined and also impose rules on proper gadget
management.
This study will be focused on finding out the differences between the gadget
11. The participants will be the Grade 11 STEM students of Andres Bonifacio
College. Categorizing of participants shall only be through the pre-survey results, any
data aside from that shall be considered irrelevant. The study shall be conducted
within the locality of Dipolog City specifically in Andres Bonifacio College. The
study shall be done through a pre-survey and post-survey, by this strategy the
researchers will be able to gather the sufficient data for match comparison and to
know the differences between gadget dependent and non-gadget dependent students.
Gadget Addiction. In this study it refers to the extreme level of gadget dependency.
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Gadget Dependency. The overuse of gadgets even when the individuals are aware of
Gadget Dependent Students. In this study it refers to the students who are involved
in gadget dependency.
Non-Gadget Dependent Students. In this study it refers to students that are non-
Technology. It is knowledge and science put into practical use to solve problems or
CHAPTER 2
recommended time of gadget use is only supposed to be 2 hours per day. However,
Tsukuyama (2015) stated that teens spend an average of nine hours a day online,
compared to about six hours for those in ages 8 to 12. This is already clear evidence
of gadget overuse.
study conducted by Gupta (2013) it was defined as the overuse of gadgets even when
the individuals are aware of the usage effects in doing so. It was stated in the study
that gadgets are already a part of human’s everyday life and gadget and internet use
have been put into universal practice especially among students. Gadget usage has
both negative and positive effects. The study shows the rise of percentage number of
gadget dependent medical students. Thus there is a need in creating certain awareness
for that specific matter to administer the positive and negative effects of gadget
dependency among students. Furthermore, the results of the said study showed that
the younger generation is inclined towards having more gadgets and becoming gadget
gadgets.
Moreover, Livazovic (2010) stated that the youth use gadgets for various
purposes like playing online games, watching videos, listening to music, chatting with
friends, and browsing different websites for additional knowledge and entertainment.
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Kumar and Sherkhane (2018), states that in this modern era, youth are the
technology. In addition, studies have shown that the usage of gadgets produces
positive and negative impacts. The use of gadgets could educate, improve cognitive
and competitive skills or worst it could cause language delay, attention deficit and
learning problems.
Nowadays people have been dependent to gadgets that it has become the most
important part of their lives. The students are known to be the ones who exceed the
use of gadgets. Today a lot of information is shared about the effects of gradual use of
gadgets with regards to people’s health in the negative aspect. The increasing trend
and bad effect of improper use of gadgets are most necessarily needed to be known in
order to prevent it from becoming the world’s greatest problem (Nikhita, Jadhav, &
Ajinkya, 2015).
gadgets have a great influence and effects on student’s academic performance not like
before when there are no gadgets yet, students were more active in doing school
academic activities such as reading books and going to the library. Through the years
it changed and now students are more engage and dependent to the gadgets to the
point that they can’t live without it. Gadgets were made to make our life easier but it
has an effect especially to people particularly to the students’ since they became more
dependent and the student’s gets lower grades than before due to it. It has a great
effect to all the learners since they will prioritize now their gadgets than doing their
homework and academic school activities to the extent that they will disregard
Gadget dependency carries its positive and negative sides; this was confirmed
through a study by Eyal Ophir (2019) which detailed that there are several studies
which show the positive impacts of the technological gadgets and services. Other
studies reveal the negative effects of these tech-gadgets and services. Individuals who
are engaged in high level of technical activities through the digital devices are better
in performing cognitive tasks. The effective use of the gadgets may have possible
impacts on cognitive thinking and also makes them master multitasking. In contrast, a
study stated that the given time that is needed to interact with other people are taken
away by the overusing of gadget and this causes them to care less with the people
round them. Another bad impact is the lack of focus that roots from their distraction to
gadgets. Being exposed to gadget in an early age can help develop some skills
Technology has been a necessity for youth and their education at present.
Many people benefit from it. It has been essential in gathering information,
entertainment, and for social status updates. Only that those gadgets take away the
sincerity from communication and interaction with loved ones, values of family
relations and education to the youth. Study shows that young adults spend an average
of 6 hours using gadget. One of its best features is that it is simple and only requires
less effort that makes the student rely on them more (Alabeza, 2018).
Business Matters (2018) specified that most student utilizing portable gadgets
can solve problems at the same time. For instance, while having discussion, the
student can play the game and from time to time listen to the teacher. Or when
travelling in vehicles and talking with friends/relatives, one can also tune in to music.
studies have demonstrated that the utilization of devices by these students does not
enjoyable. As the digital society progress, kids are more exposed to technological
devices at an early age. They get impatient for lecture style teaching, when they go to
school. They want to experience high-tech digitals. Their wants may not be fulfilled,
but with the use of different digital gadgets, they are almost in the stage in which they
want to be. The quality of education in today's school is improved with the use of
gadgets. In contrast, the study habit of a student is affected by gadgets in many ways.
Students tend to become dependable and careless because they trust gadget to do all
the work needed in school. Mobile phones reduce study time and disrupts learning
since some students might try to do this activity while at school or during lectures.
As stated by Silva (n.d.), children who are young and are still in preschool
might have positive impact when it comes to gadgets. In addition, it will help them
enhance and develop their listening and speaking skills. These new electronic devices
help a lot of people and encourage their cognitive and analytical skills. To the
students their electronic devices help them improve their agility and make them
According to K. Kumar (2018), technology has made our youth the most
addiction to gadgets. This is due to the availability and affordability of the gadgets
that it is now at everyone’s reach. In our society today, we worry about the term
“drug addiction” but “gadget addiction” is the most critical area of concern today
because it may ruin humanity’s way of interaction in the future. Addiction is an urge
person as well also directly affects the academic and professional endeavours. A
cross sectional study was conducted to 200 undergraduate students using predesigned
and pretested questionnaires. 5- point likert-scale was used to analyze the gadget
dependency among students. The results showed that subjects had their first gadgets
at the age of 16-20 years old and 90.5% are smart-phone users as a common gadget
and 50.2% are using it for more than 7 hours a day and 61% had difficulty in a day
work performance. The results clearly showed the high level of gadget dependency
and certain actions should be taken to inform the users about the pros and cons of
Excessive use of gadgets and continuously staring of the screen of it can bring
negative and bad effect to your health. The USA Centres for Disease Control and
Prevention stated that a child spends about 8 hours a day of playing, browsing in the
internet, and watching shows on the screen with their gadgets. Gradually as they aged
the usage of gadgets also intensify. Excessively using of these devices can infect and
services has come to such level that, without these, they can't think a stage forward
towards their development. This, as a result prompts into habits and obsession in the
use of gadgets. Youth is the most vulnerable bunch among the populace to be
dependent on innovation. The reasons for use of gadgets are delight driven instead of
need. Likewise, it uncovers the fixation that gadgets have many negative effects on
different angles and it also correlates to the mental wellbeing of a person. These
factors resulted into the change of lifestyle among students (Pathak, 2016).
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Pappas (2017) stated that the earlier the children will be provided with
gadgets, the more they are at risk of being dependent on it and develop mental
dysfunctions. Some students might also be sleeping late at night because of using
gadget, thus, slowing down their thinking the next day. They share more portion of
their time to using gadgets than studying hence it is getting in the way of their
2016).
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
gadget dependent and non-gadget dependent students which will be randomly selected
from the Grade 11 students of Andres Bonifacio College. The researchers in this study
will use the match comparison in order to attain and get the desired result. In this
design two groups will be compared and will be created by a non-random method
wherein the participants in each group will be assigned and gets the information of
their similarities such as their ethnic, assessment scores or other variables that may
affect the result of the study. This kind of research design is usually conducted
through surveys where the respondents will answer some questionnaires made by the
researchers.
TIME SPENT IN
USING GADGETS
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
PRE - TEST
GADGET NON-GADGET
DEPENDENT DEPENDENT
STUDENTS STUDENTS
POST - TEST
RESULTS
MATCHED
COMPARISON
make a letter of approval addressed to the class adviser whom the study will be
to the subjects of the study to assess their attachment to gadgets. Second, after
collecting the pre-test a follow up post-test will also be given to the subject to further
assess their gadget dependency. Data will be then collected by the researcher from the
to gather needed data for the researchers. The questionnaires will be used as pre-
survey and post-survey to be given to the respondents. The questionnaire will contain
multiple choice checklist questionnaires as well as dichotomous questions that are all
answers. Through this type of questionnaire, the answers of the different respondents
START
PREPARATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ONLINE SOURCES
Alabeza, E. R. (2018, June 12). Gadget Dependency: A Current State of 21st Century
Youth. Retrieved February 12, 2019, from greenspiders:
https://invictusaladeza.wordpress.com/2018/06/12/gadget-dependency-a-
current-state-of-21st-century-youth/
Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. (2019). Canadian 24-Hour Movement
Guidelines. Retrieved from CSEP GUIDELINES: https://csepguidelines.ca/
Gupta, N., Krishmurthy, V., Majhi, J., & Gupta, S. (2013). Gadget Dependency among
Medical College Students in Delhi.Indian Journal of Community Health, 362-
366.
Human Dependence on Gadgets. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.123helpme.com/human-dependence-on-gadgets-
preview.asp?id=244675
Indrakanti, A., Chutake, M., Prouty, S., Sundaranatha, V., & Koverkathu, a. V. (2018,
July 10). Gadget Addiction. Retrieved February 13, 2019, from UC Berkeley
Engineering's Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology:
https://scet.berkeley.edu/reports/gadget-
addiction/?fbclid=IwAR0R5kAgSfq4Vm5FPjQUC3tQBGwzRSnWqxs1se45FV52
01C5wLnBEI6nkA0
Kumar, A. K., & Sherkhane, M. S. (2018). Assessment of gadgets addiction and its
impact on health among undergraduates.International Journal of Community
Medicine and Public, 3624-3628.
Livazovic, G. (2010). Leisure-time media and children's academic achievement.
Occasional Papers in Education & Learning: An international Journal Volume
4, 111-118.
Muduli, J. R. (2014). Addiction to Technological Gadgets and Its impact on Health and
Lifestyle: A Study on College Students. Retrieved February 12, 2019, from
eThesis @ NIT Rourkela: http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5544/1/e-thesis_19.pdf
Nikhita, C. S., Jadhav, P. R., & Ajinkya, S. A. (2015). Prevalence of Mobile Phone
Dependence in Secondary School Adolescents.Journal of Clinical and
Diagnostic Research, VC06-VC09.
Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, a. A. (2019, September 15). Cognitive control in media
multitaskers. Retrieved February 16, 2019, from Proceedings of the National
Academy Sciences of the United States of America:
https://www.pnas.org/content/106/37/15583?fbclid=IwAR3s4capO4QGaaD_
eVeHmJNpgySbYAnB7ics9llXO5pr6zCg6wIvmDFOs34
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Pappas, J. (2017, July 27). Childhood Gadget Dependency – Digital Revolution Gone
Wrong. Retrieved February 12, 2019, from Julia Pappas:
http://juliapappas.co/childhood-gadget-dependency/?fbclid=IwAR3fpIIf-
_V3UPzYPDXBzPPLtixbilfAoC3ly-xfjJwvPR8Ozzb9aG5qeAg
Sundus, M. (2017). The Impact of Using Gadgets on Children.Journal of Depression
and Anxiety, 296.
The Effects of Gadgets in Students Performances Essay. (2016, September 11).
Retrieved from Study Moose:https://studymoose.com/the-effects-of
gadgets-in-students-performances-essay-
?fbclid=lwAR2a-
`````````zzsjVR5EhgvrHJTgNYTADAKaQIPkNp09c0J5HACMXjuMInRfK5LBo
Tsukayama, H. (2015). Teens Spend Nearly 9 Hours A Day Consuming Media.
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nearly-nine-hours-every-day-consuming-media/
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Name: _____________________ Strand & Section: ______ Age: ______ Sex: _____
items).
10-point frequency scale for items 1–40 (with scoring in parentheses): 1 – Never
Please indicate how often you do each of the following e-mail activities on any device
1. ( ) Send, receive and read e-mails (not including spam or junk mail).
Please indicate how often you do each of the following activities on your mobile
phone.
30. ( ) Play games on a computer, video game console or smartphone WITH OTHER
PEOPLE IN THE SAME ROOM.
31. ( ) Play games on a computer, video game console or smartphone WITH OTHER
PEOPLE ONLINE.
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Do you have a Facebook account? If the answer is “yes,” continue with item 32; if
“no”, skip to the Attitudes subscales below. NOTE: The word “social media” may be
substituted for Facebook in the question stem above and in items 32–34.
How often do you do each of the following activities on social networking sites such
as Facebook?
Please answer the following questions about your Facebook and other online friends.
NOTE: In items 41 and 42 the words “social media” (or any specific social media
site) may be substituted for Facebook.
43. ( ) How many people have you met online that you have never met in person?
44. ( ) How many people do you regularly interact with online that you have never
met in person?
Attitudes subscales These subscales include 16 items, which comprise four subscales:
Positive Attitudes Toward Technology (6 items), Anxiety About Being Without
Technology or Dependence on Technology (3 items), Negative Attitudes Toward
Technology (3 items) and Preference for Task Switching (4 items)
45. ( ) I feel it is important to be able to find any information whenever I want online.
46. ( ) I feel it is important to be able to access the Internet any time I want.
49. ( ) I get anxious when I don‟t have the Internet available to me.
57. ( ) I prefer to work on several projects in a day, rather than completing one
project and then switching to another.
58. ( ) When doing a number of assignments, I like to switch back and forth between
them rather than do one at a time.
59. ( ) I like to finish one task completely before focusing on anything else.
*Scoring for item 15 is reversed with strongly agree = 1 and strongly disagree = 5.