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    Water Worth 2

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    mhdbasheer
    This document discusses the relationship between technology, the self, and presence. It suggests that: 1) Presence is a feeling that differentiates the internal self from the external other. 2) Technology can be seen as part of the self or other depending on how it is experienced. If it is experienced without conscious effort, it may be considered part of the self. 3) We are all cyborgs to some degree because we use information technology, but not all technology interacts with us in a way that becomes part of our sense of self. Technology only becomes part of the self if it creates a sense of core presence without conscious effort.

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    Water Worth 2

    Uploaded by

    mhdbasheer
    28 views28 pages
    This document discusses the relationship between technology, the self, and presence. It suggests that: 1) Presence is a feeling that differentiates the internal self from the external other. 2) Technology can be seen as part of the self or other depending on how it is experienced. If it is experienced without conscious effort, it may be considered part of the self. 3) We are all cyborgs to some degree because we use information technology, but not all technology interacts with us in a way that becomes part of our sense of self. Technology only becomes part of the self if it creates a sense of core presence without conscious effort.

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    This document discusses the relationship between technology, the self, and presence. It suggests that: 1) Presence is a feeling that differentiates the internal self from the external other. 2) Technology can be seen as part of the self or other depending on how it is experienced. If it is experienced without conscious effort, it may be considered part of the self. 3) We are all cyborgs to some degree because we use information technology, but not all technology interacts with us in a way that becomes part of our sense of self. Technology only becomes part of the self if it creates a sense of core presence without conscious effort.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views28 pages

    Water Worth 2

    Uploaded by

    mhdbasheer
    This document discusses the relationship between technology, the self, and presence. It suggests that: 1) Presence is a feeling that differentiates the internal self from the external other. 2) Technology can be seen as part of the self or other depending on how it is experienced. If it is experienced without conscious effort, it may be considered part of the self. 3) We are all cyborgs to some degree because we use information technology, but not all technology interacts with us in a way that becomes part of our sense of self. Technology only becomes part of the self if it creates a sense of core presence without conscious effort.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 28

    The Cyborg, the Self and the

    Other
    John Waterworth
    Dept of Informatics, Umeå University, Sweden
    jwworth@informatik.umu.se
    Cyborg, Self and Other
    What’s this got to do wth presence?
    • Presence is a feeling
    • The result of a psychological mechanism
    • Differentiates internal from external:
    the Self from the Other

    What’s the role of technology?


    • As part of Self
    • As part of Other
    Outline
    • questions
    • suggestions
    • examples
    • and then ..... more questions
    Are we not men?
    • ”We are Devo”
    – De-evolving beings?
    • What is a cyborg?
    – A body that is part machine, or
    – A self that is part machine
    – Is there a difference?
    • Are we cyborgs?
    – If Yes .. then
    – Where is the line between self and other?
    Something is happening
    • What?
    – Is happening?
    • Where?
    – In the world, or in my mind?
    – If in the world ...
    • To/by whom?
    – Am I acting in the world, or are you?
    (ref: Becchio and Bertone)
    Can you tickle yourself?
    • No?
    – Why not?
    • Yes?
    – Is it your self who is tickling yourself?
    – Or are you yourself tickling your self?
    – Is there a difference?
    • Are we all the same in this respect?
    • Could you make a self-tickling machine?
    (ref: Bentall)
    Suggestions
    Emotion, Presence and Reality Judgement

    Questions of survival:
    • Is this happening in the world around me, or
    only in my mind?
    (answered by how present I feel in external environment)
    • Is this likely to be true or is it fiction?
    (answered on the basis of a reality judgment)
    • Do I need to avoid this, and how urgently?
    (answered by an emotionalexperience/reaction)
    The answers to these questions affect each other
    Three layers of presence

    • Proto presence
    – Me versus not-me
    • Proprioception
    • Core presence
    – Me in the 3D world
    • Perception
    • Extended presence
    – The significance to me of what happens
    • Conception (ref: Damasio,
    Riva and Waterworth)
    Presence in Media
    • Conceptual Media (Extended)
    – novels, radio programmes, etc..
    • Perceptual Media (Core)
    – photographs, paintings, cinema, etc..
    • Prioprioceptive Media (Proto)
    – immersive VR, motorised games, etc.

    • Media schemata
    – Cultural changes
    – Personal changes
    – Personal differences
    • The need for biofeedback
    • What is detected is emotion, not presence

    (ref: Ijsselsteijn)
    Three layers of presence in media

    •Emotions operate at all three layers


    –orientation and intensity, selective attention, remembered associations
    Being-in-the-world: presence
    and time perception
    External world Internal world
    focus focus

    Low working Watching the sun set Daydreaming


    memory load (High presence/ (Low presence/
    slow time) slow time)

    High working Climbing a difficult Solving a logical


    rock face puzzle
    memory load
    (High presence/ (Low presence/

    fast time) fast time)


    Effect of personality
    Tendency to

    Low Presence High Presence

    Old Young
    Awareness of themes Awareness of perceptual details
    Sensory deprivation Rich sensory stimulation
    Introversion Extroversion
    Depression Mania
    Sedatives, alcohol Stimulants, psychedelics
    High error on vigilance Low error on vigilance tasks
    Infrequent sampling Frequent stimulus sampling
    Long reaction times Short reaction times
    Ideological bias Experiential bias
    Examples
    3 Mood Devices addressing mental health problems:
    stress, anxiety, depression

    constructing ”vital narratives”

    meaning
    presence absence

    interactive
    mood device emotion mood reflective
    embodied
    (VE, sound, vision, responses thought
    tactile stimulation)
    Physiological/postural feedback

    exploring moods by navigating/interacting in virtual space

    ’Psycho-feedback’
    (3 examplesÆ)
    Exploring moods: the Exploratorium
    The Body Joystick (economical wireless vest)
    paradiso
    Navigation by leaning the body and breathing
    (measures spine orientation and upper chest size)

    purgatorio

    inferno

    A narrative (a game)

    Visual and auditory effects - For mental and physical rehabilitation

    Moving around, flying, falling


    The Exploratorium: Effect on mood

    HIGH VALENCE
    (pleasant)

    paradiso

    LOW HIGH
    AROUSAL purgatorio AROUSAL
    (calm) (excited)
    7,0

    6,5

    6,0

    inferno 5,5

    5,0

    4,5

    LOW VALENCE 4,0

    (unpleasant)
    3,5 Valence
    Mean
    Different zones elicit different emotions 3,0 Arousal
    Moving between zones changes mood Paradiso Purgatorio Inferno
    Relaxation Island
    Portable content: Immersive VR, home TV, mobile phone
    Interaction by seashell (+ body joystick for biofeedback)
    The Achievement Room
    counteracting depression in immobilised patients

    Audience of avatars react to performance.


    Adaptable to other instruments and to only singing

    The guitar
    wireless interaction device
    Main findings
    • For a sense of achievement, there must be real
    challenge
    – No joy without pain
    • The more real the experience, the more the 3 layers
    come into play
    – Mismatches cause distress
    • Core presence is NOT affected by reality judgements
    – But extended presence is
    • Core presence is enhanced by negative emotion
    • Easy attribution of emotion enhances extended
    presence
    • Positive emotions generally reduce presence
    (ref: Russell)
    Russell)
    Altered being-in-the-world:
    The reality helmet
    -Psychedelic altered reality (or altered body) machine
    - NOT virtual or augmented reality
    - Cross modal transfer (camera input Æ stereo sound
    2 microphones Æ visual display)
    - Surprisingly popular with the over 85s
    Comments

    • People have no evolved mechanisms that can


    distinguish the real from the virtual
    • They have interacting faculties which separate:
    – the external from the internal
    – the plausible from the implausible
    – the pleasant from the unpleasant
    • These are the mechanisms behind our feelings
    during interactive media experiences
    • They have evolved to preserve the self
    Back to the questions ...
    • Who is a cyborg?
    • When are you a cyborg?
    • What is you and what is other?
    • How important is your body to your sense
    of self?
    Cyborgs?
    • Without information technology (media) we
    are not human
    • But ....
    – Conceptual media versus ..
    – Perceptual and proprioceptive media
    • Conceptual media part of self?
    – Needs conscious ”effort of access”
    – i.e Mental (re)construction
    More Comments
    • Without the other, there is no self
    • Attention may be more on the self or the other
    • Focusing on the other gives a strong sense of
    presence
    • The boundary of self is variable, within and beyond
    the body.

    • Insofar as attentional access is consciously effortless,


    the technology is part of the self
    • Currently, conceptual technology cannot be accessed
    without conscious effort
    In conclusion
    • We are all cyborgs
    • But not all IT is part of the self
    • To be part of the self, technology must be create
    an external other of which it is not a part
    • Without conscious ”effort of access”
    • In other words:
    – We are cyborgs insofar as we use
    technology that produces (core) presence

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