CE 514_ STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

LEARNING MODULE #2

RIVETED AND BOLTED

HIGH-STRENGTH BOLTS

High-strength bolts have replaced rivets as the means of making nonwelded structural connections.
There are two basic types of high strength bolts used, the ASTM A325 and ASTM A490. High strength
bolts are usually tightened to develop a specified tensile stress in them which results in a predictable
clamping force on the joint. Therefore, the actual transfer of service load through a joint is due to the
friction developed in the pieces being joined. Joints containing high-strength bolts are designed either as
slip-critical or friction type, where high slip resistance at service load is unnecessary.
RIVETS

Installation of rivets requires heating the rivet to a light cherry-rod color, inserting it into a hole and then
applying pressure to the preformed head while at the same time squeezing the plain end of the rivet to
form a rounded head. During this process, the shank of the rivet completely or nearly fills the hole into
which it had been inserted. Upon cooling, the rivets shrinks, thereby providing a clamping force.
However the amount of clamping force produced by cooling of the rivet varies from rivet to rivet and
therefore cannot be counted on in design calculations.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#1
The single 200 mm x 10 mm steel plate is connected to a 12-mm thick steel plate by four 16 mm diameter
rivets as shown. The rivets used are A502, Grade 2, hot driven rivets. The Steel is ASTM A36 with Fy = 248
MPa and Fu = 400 MPa. Determine the value of P in all possible modes of failure and the safe value of P
that the connection can resist.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#2 (CE BOARD)
A plate with width of 300 mm and thickness of 20 mm is to be connected to two plates of the same width
half the thickness by 25 mm diameter rivets, as shown. The rivet holes have a diameter 2 mm larger than
the rivet diameter. The plate is A36 steel with yield strength Fy = 248 MPa. Allowable tensile stress on net
area is 0.60 Fy and allowable bearing stress of 1.35 Fy . The rivets are A502, Grade 2, hot-driven rivets with
allowable shear stress of 150 MPa. See Figure as shown.
a. Determine the maximum load that can be applied to the connection without exceeding the allowable
tensile stress in the plates:
b. Determine the maximum load that can be applied to the connection without exceeding the allowable
shear stress in the rivets:
c. Determine the maximum load that can be applied to the connection without exceeding the allowable
bearing stress between the plate and the rivets.

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Critical shear

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#3
A W 14 x 211 beam is connected to a steel girder by 4-25 mm bolts as shown in Figure 2-15. The bolts are
A325 with threads excluded from shear plane. The steel beam is ASTM A53. The angles and its connection
to the girder can be assumed adequate to carry the loads. Determine the maximum end reaction that the
beam can resist.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#4
A riveted lap joint is shown. The rivets used are A502, Grade 2, hot-driven with diameter of 16 mm. The
steel is ASTM A501; 200 mm wide and 10 mm thick. Determine the value of P in all possible modes of
failure and the safe value of P that the connection can resist.

Critical shear

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#5 (CE BOARD)
A plate with width of 400 millimeters and thickness of 12 millimeters is to be connected to a plate of the
same width and thickness by 34 millimeters diameter bolts, as shown. The holes are 2 mm larger than the
bolt diameter. The plate is A36 steel with yield strength Fy = 248 MPa. Assume allowable tensile stress on
net area is 0.60 Fy . It is required to determine the value of b such that the net width along the bolts 1-2-3-
4 is equal to the net width along bolts 1-2-4.
a. Calculate the value of b in millimetres.
b. Calculate the value of the net area for tension in plates in square millimetres.
c. Calculate the value of P so that the allowable tensile stress on net area will not be exceeded.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#6
A single lap joint is shown in Figure, assuming Plate 2 has adequate net area and does not control the
strength, calculate the governing net area for Plate 1.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#7
Calculate the service tensile load capacity for an L150 x 90 x 12 A53 steel connected with 22-mm diameter
A490 bolts in standard holes as shown in Figure .

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#8 (COMBINED SHEAR AND TENSION)
Determine the adequacy of the fasteners in Figure shown when 22-mm-diameter A325 bolts are used in a
bearing-type connection with threaded excluded from shear planes. Assume the strength of column
flange and the ST section does not govern the strength.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#9 (ECCENTRIC SHEAR)
Determine the shear force on the most stressed fastener in Figure shown if P = 1,000 kN.

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most stressed

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SAMPLE PROBLEM#10 (ECCENTRIC SHEAR)
The gusset is riveted to a larger plate by four 22-mm rivets in single shear arranged and loaded as shown
in Figure. Calculate the stress in the most heavily loaded rivet.

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most stressed

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 End of MODULE#2

References:
• NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (NSCP 5th edition).
• NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (NSCP 6th edition).
• FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN (ASD 2001 NSCP). DIT gillesania

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