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    Ethical Aspects of Nursing Study - Pps

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    IamIvy Donna Pondoc
    The document discusses the ethical aspects of conducting nursing research. It outlines various codes of ethics like the Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, and Belmont Report. The Belmont Report establishes three main ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. It also discusses informed consent procedures, protecting confidentiality, risks and benefits to participants, and the role of institutional review boards in research ethics.

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    Ethical Aspects of Nursing Study - Pps

    Uploaded by

    IamIvy Donna Pondoc
    80 views28 pages
    The document discusses the ethical aspects of conducting nursing research. It outlines various codes of ethics like the Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, and Belmont Report. The Belmont Report establishes three main ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. It also discusses informed consent procedures, protecting confidentiality, risks and benefits to participants, and the role of institutional review boards in research ethics.

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    The document discusses the ethical aspects of conducting nursing research. It outlines various codes of ethics like the Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, and Belmont Report. The Belmont Report establishes three main ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. It also discusses informed consent procedures, protecting confidentiality, risks and benefits to participants, and the role of institutional review boards in research ethics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    80 views28 pages

    Ethical Aspects of Nursing Study - Pps

    Uploaded by

    IamIvy Donna Pondoc
    The document discusses the ethical aspects of conducting nursing research. It outlines various codes of ethics like the Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, and Belmont Report. The Belmont Report establishes three main ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. It also discusses informed consent procedures, protecting confidentiality, risks and benefits to participants, and the role of institutional review boards in research ethics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    REVIEWING THE

    ETHICAL ASPECTS OF A
    NURSING STUDY

    1
    Codes of Ethics
    • Nuremberg Code
    • Declaration of Helsinki
    • Belmont Report
    • Government-imposed codes
    • Codes for professional disciplines (e.g., by
    the American Nurses’ Association)

    2
    Ethical Dilemma in
    Conducting Research:

    • A situation in which the rights of


    study participants are in direct
    conflict with requirements for a
    rigorous study.

    3
    Ethical Principles from the
    Belmont Report
    1. Principle of Beneficence: Above
    all, do no harm
    • Right to protection from harm and
    discomfort
    – Beneficence—maximize good
    – Non-maleficence —minimize harm
    • Right to protection from exploitation
    4
    Ethical Principles from the
    Belmont Report (cont.)

    2. Principle of Respect for Human


    Dignity
    • Right to self-determination (absence of
    coercion)
    • Right to full disclosure (absence of deception
    or concealment)

    5
    Ethical Principles from the
    Belmont Report (cont.)

    3. Principle of Justice
    • Right to fair treatment
    • Right to privacy (confidentiality,
    anonymity)

    6
    Procedures for Protecting
    Study Participants
    • Risk-benefit assessments
    • Informed consent
    • Confidentiality procedures
    • Debriefings and referrals
    • Treatment of vulnerable groups
    • Institutional Review Boards and
    external reviews
    7
    Box 5.2 Potential Benefits and
    Risks To Study Participants

    8
    Informed Consent

    Informed consent means that


    participants:
    • have adequate information about the
    research
    • can comprehend that information
    • have free choice in deciding whether to
    participate in or withdraw from the study
    9
    Informed Consent (cont’d)

    • Typical documentation: A consent


    form
    • Implied consent (e.g., self-
    administered questionnaires)
    • Process consent (qualitative
    studies)
    10
    Confidentiality Procedures

    • Anonymity
    • Confidentiality Pledge

    11
    Special Treatment of
    Vulnerable Groups
    • Children
    • Mentally or emotionally disabled people
    • Severely ill or physically disabled
    people
    • Terminally ill people
    • Institutionalized people
    • Pregnant women
    12
    External review

    • Human subjects committees

    • Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

    • Research Ethics Boards (REBs—in


    Canada)

    13
    Other ethical issues

    • Ethical use of animal subjects


    • Research misconduct

    14
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • The regulations affecting the ethical
    conduct of research sponsored by the
    federal government were based on the:
    a. Nuremberg code
    b. Declaration of Helsinki
    c. Belmont report
    d. Code of Ethics of AMA

    15
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • All the following are potential benefits from
    participating in a study, except:
    a. Monetary gains
    b. Access to a new and potentially beneficial
    treatment
    c. Opportunity to discuss personal feelings
    and experiences with an objective listener
    d. Opportunity to collaborate on a study
    16
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • The three primary ethical principles
    described include the following,
    except:
    a. Beneficence
    b. Respect for human dignity
    c. Justice
    d. Autonomy
    17
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • If a researcher unobtrusively studies
    interactions among patients in a psychiatric
    hospital, which ethical principles may be
    violated?
    a. confidentilality
    b. Freedom from harm
    c. Right for self-determination
    d. All of the above
    18
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • The safeguard mechanism by which even
    the researcher cannot link the participant
    with the information provided is called:
    a. confidentiality
    b. Anonymity
    c. Informed consent
    d. Right to privacy

    19
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • Confidentiality of study participants
    can be increased by:
    a. Avoiding the collection of any
    identifying information
    b. Avoiding introducing the participants
    to any of the research personnel
    c. Placing all identifying information on
    computer files rather than manual files
    20
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • Vulnerable subjects would include
    a. women hospitalized for a mastectomy
    b. Members of a senior citizens group
    c. People who do not speak English
    d. Pediatric clients

    21
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • Informed consent is not obtained from
    study participants when:
    a. The researchers pays the subject a stipend
    b. The researchers collects information
    covertly
    c. The risk/benefit ration is low
    d. The study is determined to be exempt from
    IRB review
    22
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • In a qualitative study that involves multiple
    contacts between the researcher and study
    participants, the researcher may negotiate
    a (n):
    a. Informed consent
    b. Stipend
    c. Process consent
    d. Risk/benefit ratio
    23
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • Facbrication of data:
    a. Is an example of research misconduct
    b. Would be reviewed by an IRB
    c. Would be revealed in participant
    debriefings
    d. Cannot occur unless deception has
    been used
    24
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • There is never any justification for violating
    the three ethical principles articulated in the
    Belmont report:
    a. True
    b. False
    Ethical dilemmas are not common in the
    conduct of scientific research
    a. True
    b. False

    25
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    Minimal risks are ones that are no gretaer that
    those a person normally confronts in daily
    life
    a. True
    b. False
    The principle of self-determination concerns
    whether participation in a study was
    coerced:
    a. True
    b. False
    26
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    Freedom from harm and the right to privacy are the two
    principles on which informed consent is based:
    a. True
    b. False
    Guaranteeing confidentiality to study participants
    means that the researcher could never link the
    data gathered to the person who supplied the data:
    a. True
    b. False

    27
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    • From a research standpoint, a person
    who does not have the competence to
    give his or her informed consent is
    considered a vulnerable subject:
    a. True
    b. False

    28

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