C331 PDF
C331 PDF
C331 PDF
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Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C 331
contribute to the loss on ignition. Therefore, consideration should be given TABLE 2 Maximum Bulk Density (Loose) Requirements of
to the type of material when evaluating the product in terms of ignition Lightweight
loss. Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
Maximum Dry
5. Physical Properties Size Designation Loose Bulk Density
kg/m3(lb/ft3)
5.1 Lightweight aggregates under test shall meet the follow-
ing requirements: Fine aggregate 1120 (70)
Coarse aggregate 880 (55)
5.1.1 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles— The amount of Combined fine and coarse aggregate 1040 (65)
clay lumps shall not exceed 2 % by dry mass.
5.1.2 Grading—Grading shall conform to the requirements
in Table 1, except as provided in (5.1.4).
For example, Test Method C 1262 includes procedures for evaluating
5.1.3 Uniformity of Grading—To assure reasonable unifor- manufactured concrete masonry units and related concrete units, but does
mity in the gradation of successive shipments of lightweight not include criteria for determining compliance. Care should be used in
aggregate, fineness modulus shall be determined on samples evaluating the results of Test Method C 1262 or any other method since
taken from shipments at intervals stipulated by the purchaser. If the results are affected by other characteristics of the concrete mixture in
the fineness modulus of the aggregates in any shipment differs addition to the characteristics of the lightweight aggregate, including, but
by more than 7 % from that of the sample submitted for not limited to the following: cement content, cement type, admixtures, and
water content.
acceptance tests, the aggregates in the shipment shall be
rejected, unless it is demonstrated that it will produce concrete 5.2.3 Drying Shrinkage—Drying shrinkage of concrete
of the required characteristics. specimens prepared and tested in accordance with 8.6 shall not
5.1.4 Waiver of Grading Requirements— When special exceed 0.10 %.
characteristics of concrete masonry units are required, such as
particular texture, strength, mass, acoustical, or thermal insu- 6. Sampling
lating property, the grading requirements are capable of being 6.1 Sample lightweight aggregates in accordance with Prac-
waived upon agreement between the interested parties, pro- tice D 75.
vided the alternative grading will produce concrete of the 6.2 Reduce sample to test sizes in accordance with Practice
required characteristics. C 702.
5.1.5 Bulk Density (Loose)—Bulk density of lightweight
aggregates shall conform to the requirements in Table 2. 7. Number of Tests
5.1.6 Uniformity of Bulk Density (Loose)— The reported 7.1 Tests on Aggregates—One representative sample is
bulk density of lightweight aggregate shipments sampled and required for each test for organic impurities, staining, clay
tested, shall not differ by more than 10 % from that of the lumps, loss on ignition, grading, and bulk density.
sample submitted for acceptance tests, but the dry loose bulk 7.2 Tests on Concrete Masonry Units— Three specimens
density shall not exceed the limits in Table 2. are required for test for popout materials.
5.2 Concrete specimens containing lightweight aggregate
under test shall meet the following requirements: 8. Test Methods
5.2.1 Popouts—Concrete specimens prepared and tested in 8.1 Test for Popout Materials—Obtain test specimens by
accordance with 8.1 shall show no surface popouts. one of the following methods: (1) Whole concrete masonry
5.2.2 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing— When re- units, free of visible cracks or other structural defects; (2)
quired, the aggregate supplier shall demonstrate by test or Portions of concrete masonry units cut from whole units and
proven field performance that the lightweight aggregate when having a surface area of at least 580 cm2(90 in. 2); (3)
used in manufactured concrete masonry units and related Specimens prepared as described in 8.6. Autoclave test speci-
concrete units has the necessary resistance to freezing and mens in accordance with Test Method C 151. Visually inspect
thawing to perform satisfactorily in its intended use. the autoclaved specimens for the number of popouts that have
NOTE 2—Methods are available to evaluate the performance of manu- developed on the surface and report the average number of
factured concrete masonry products made with lightweight aggregates. popouts per specimen.
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
Percentages (by Mass) Passing Sieves Having Square Openings
19.0 12.5 9.5 4.75 2.36- 1.18- 300- 150-
Size Designation mm mm mm mm mm mm µm µm
(3⁄4 in.) (1⁄2 in.) (3⁄8in.) (No. 4) (No. 8) (No. 16) (No. 50) (No. 100)
Fine aggregate:
4.75-mm (No. 4) to 0 ... ... 100 85–100 ... 40–80 10–35 5–25
Coarse aggregate:
12.5 to 4.75-mm (1⁄2 in. to No. 4) 100 90–100 40–80 0–20 0–10 ... ... ...
9.5 to 2.36-mm (3⁄8 in. to No. 8) ... 100 80–100 5–40 0–20 0–10 ... ...
Combined fine and coarse aggregate:
12.5-mm (1⁄2 in.) to 0 100 95–100 ... 50–80 ... ... 5–20 2–15
9.5-mm (3⁄8 in.) to 0 ... 100 90–100 65–90 35–65 ... 10–25 5–15
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C 331
8.2 Test for Resistance to Freezing and Thawing—Make dry loose volume. Adjust the water content so as to produce a
tests for resistance to freezing and thawing of manufactured slump of 50 to 75 mm (2 to 3 in.) and thoroughly consolidate
concrete masonry units and related concrete units in accor- the concrete in steel molds 50 by 50 by 285 mm (2 by 2 by 111⁄4
dance with Test Method C 1262. in.). The surface of the concrete shall be steel-troweled.
8.3 Grading—Grade in accordance with Test Method C 136 8.6.2 Cure the test specimens in a moist condition for 7 days
except, that the weight of the test sample for fine aggregate at a temperature of 23 6 2°C (73.5 6 3.5°F) and a relative
shall be in accordance with Table 3. The test sample for coarse humidity of not less than 95 %. Make the initial length
aggregate shall consist of 2830 cm3 (0.1 ft3 ) or more of the measurements immediately after removal of specimens from
material used for determination of bulk density. Mechanical moist storage. Store the specimens in an atmosphere of 23 6
sieving of aggregate shall be for 5 min. 2°C (73.5 6 3.5°F) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for the
8.4 Bulk Density (Loose) (Test Method C 29/ C 29M)— duration of the test. Make subsequent measurements at 28 and
The aggregate shall be tested in oven-dry conditions utilizing 100 days.
the shoveling procedure. 8.6.3 Calculate the difference in length of the specimens,
8.5 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates, shall when removed from moist storage at an age of 7 days and at the
be in accordance with Test Method C 142. final measurement at the age of 100 days, to the nearest 0.01 %
8.6 Shrinkage of Concrete, shall be in accordance with Test of the effective gage length, and report as the drying shrinkage
Method C 157, with the following exceptions: of the specimen. Report the average drying shrinkage of the
8.6.1 Prepare a concrete mix in the proportions of one part specimens as the drying shrinkage of the concrete.
portland cement to six parts combined aggregates, measured by
9. Rejection
TABLE 3 Mass of Sieve Test Sample for Fine 9.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of this
Lightweight Aggregates
specification shall be subject to rejection. Rejection shall be
Nominal Bulk Density (Loose) reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing.
of Aggregate Mass of Test
Sample, g
kg/m3 lb/ft3 10. Certification
80–240 5–15 50 10.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
240–400 15–25 100
400–560 25–35 150 producer’s or supplier’s certification shall be furnished to the
560–720 35–45 200 purchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled, and
720–880 45–55 250 tested in accordance with this specification and has been found
880–1040 55–65 300
1040–1120 65–70 350 to meet the requirements. When specified in the purchase order
or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.
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