CHN - Case Study No. 2 Marco Ray Vela

ST. ANTHONY COLLEGE OF ROXAS CITY, INC.
College of Nursing
San Roque Extension, Roxas City, Capiz 5800

COLLEGE OF NURSING
A.Y. 2019 - 2020
Case Study No. 2

NCM107: Community Health Nursing
MARCO RAY V. VELA, SN (BSNII-STEM)

18-00132
ROY ANGELO S. ALIMONSURIN, RN, CSP

COURSE INSTRUCTOR
SEPTEMBER 28, 2019

College of Nursing
POL-ERIA OUTBREAK
INTRODUCTION
Bringing back an extinct virus for 19 years is not an easy task, with all these studies, readily
available vaccines, researches and medical professionals working to get the people to spread the
crucial information about the importance of vaccine and give that vaccine even to the most remote
barangays or the poorest of the communities. So much has been sacrificed to combat against false
news and false accusations about the dangers of vaccinating children, yet there are still people in
the internet spreading these false remarks about harmful effects of these professionally made,
medical grade, laboratory tested and proven vaccines.
“On 19 September 2019, the Philippines declared an outbreak of polio. Two cases have
been reported to date, both caused by vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2). Environmental
samples taken from sewage in Manila on 13 August and a waterway in Davao on 22 August have
also tested positive for VDPV2.” – (https://www.who.int/csr/don/24-september-2019-polio-
outbreak-the-philippines/en/), some might be wondering, if the poliovirus has been eradicated for
years, then how come it has returned? The answer to that question is simply because of the OPV
vaccine. “After wild poliovirus type 2 was declared eradicated in 2015, the world switched from
trivalent to bivalent OPV. Trivalent OPV contains all three types of poliovirus, while bivalent OPV
only contains poliovirus type 1 and 3. This switch means that OPV no longer protects against
WPV2.” – (Polio Disease and Poliovirus | CDC). People who received OPV can and may shed the
virus and it can infect others, those who are unvaccinated with the OPV. It is rare that the OPV
virus can mutate over time and become a Wild Polio Virus (WPV), they are called Vaccine Derived
Polio Virus and can cause polio disease.
As for the Diphtheria Outbreak, “We do not have a diphtheria outbreak,” Dr. Anthony
Calibo, OIC-chief of the Department of Health (DOH) Children’s Health Development Division-
College of Nursing
Disease Prevention and Control Bureau, said.” Yet the mortality is “unacceptable” because the
disease is “readily preventable through vaccination”. Diphtheria is an infectious disease which
affects the throat and upper airways. Diphtheria is more susceptible to children because of their
weak immune system but it is preventable through immunization but because of fear mongering
and misinformation or simply negligence, “From January 1 to Sept. 7 this year, the DOH monitored
167 cases of diphtheria nationwide, 40 of which led to deaths.” – (Calibo, Ana Maria Reyes). With
DPT vaccine covering three infectious diseases; diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis or whooping
cough, it is safe to assume that prevention is more costly-efficient and better than treatment.
WHO IS TO BE BLAMED? THE PEOPLE? THE DOH?
As a nursing student, it is not my wish to see our fellow men, women and children to be
infected and die to such a preventable, and should be extinct disease, we are one country, sailing
in a sinking ship, if we do not put out the water faster than we are letting it in then we are as good
as the Titanic. As a leader of producing and exporting nurses to meet the demands of other
developed nations, it is clear that we are still far from developing our own country, such is the case
of the outbreaks and the declining rate of immunizations, “Among the regions, Eastern Visayas
recorded the lowest coverage for Pentavalent vaccine in 2018 at only 58.42%. It was followed by
Zamboanga Peninsula and CALABARZON with 59.85% and 60.94%, respectively.”
As to why this happened, it may have been due to the infamous Dengvaxia controversy
back in 2017, after reports regarding several children dying from a number of complications
“allegedly” related to the dengue vaccine. And since then DOH banned the sales and use of the
vaccine. It may also be due to delivery and accessibility of the vaccine, especially in hard-to-reach
areas in the Philippines.
SOLUTION TOWARDS PREVENTION
Public Health Response:
1. AFP (Acute Flaccid Paralysis) and Environmental surveillance is enhanced
2. Field investigation and mass immunization campaigns

College of Nursing
3. Reinforced recommendation of vaccination to children according to the routine
immunization schedule
4. Enhance surveillance, enhance routine immunization, communication with the public
and implement outbreak protocol and guidelines
CONCLUSION
It is disheartening to see several individuals, especially children to contract an easily preventable
disease through routine immunizations that accessible, available and available for the many
communities through out the Philippines. But that doesn’t mean we, as nurses and fellow
countrymen, be discouraged as this is also the best time to teach, prevent and treat the children and
women against the recent outbreaks. The losses are a reminder that the medicinal profession has
come a long way and can be demolished by spread of fear, false news, and misinformation, in the
today’s technology and the power to search for answers with credibility and accuracy, many still
succumb to ignorance and negligence, especially to their own offspring. Let us hope the DOH
come around and for the people to see the importance of vaccination and immunization of mothers
and newborn.
END OF DISCUSSION
College of Nursing
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. World Health Organization. (Sept 24, 2019). Polio outbreak– The Philippines.
https://www.who.int/csr/don/24-september-2019-polio-outbreak-the-philippines/en/
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (July 15, 2019). Polio Disease and
Poliovirus | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/polioviruscontainment/diseaseandvirus.htm
3. ABS-CBN News (Sept. 27, 2019). No diphtheria outbreak, but deaths 'unacceptable' –
DOH official. https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/09/27/19/no-diphtheria-outbreak-but-
deaths-unacceptable-doh-official
4. Rappler. (April 13, 2018). DOH: Over 3,000 students hospitalized after Dengvaxia shot.
https://www.rappler.com/nation/200187-doh-students-hospitalized-dengvaxia
5. ReliefWeb. (Sept. 24 2019). Polio outbreak – The Philippines: Disease outbreak news,
24 September 2019 - Philippines. https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/polio-outbreak-
philippines-disease-outbreak-news-24-september-2019

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ST. ANTHONY COLLEGE OF ROXAS CITY, INC.

ST. ANTHONY COLLEGE OF ROXAS CITY, INC.

Case Study No. 2

MARCO RAY V. VELA, SN (BSNII-STEM)

ROY ANGELO S. ALIMONSURIN, RN, CSP

SEPTEMBER 28, 2019

medical grade, laboratory tested and proven vaccines.

also tested positive for VDPV2.” – (https://www.who.int/csr/don/24-september-2019-polio-

Polio Virus and can cause polio disease.

disease is “readily preventable through vaccination”. Diphtheria is an infectious disease which

WHO IS TO BE BLAMED? THE PEOPLE? THE DOH?

Zamboanga Peninsula and CALABARZON with 59.85% and 60.94%, respectively.”

areas in the Philippines.

SOLUTION TOWARDS PREVENTION

Public Health Response:

1. AFP (Acute Flaccid Paralysis) and Environmental surveillance is enhanced

2. Field investigation and mass immunization campaigns

3. Reinforced recommendation of vaccination to children according to the routine

4. Enhance surveillance, enhance routine immunization, communication with the public

and implement outbreak protocol and guidelines

It is disheartening to see several individuals, especially children to contract an easily preventable

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