Operation Manual: User's Guide
Operation Manual: User's Guide
Operation Manual: User's Guide
User’s Guide
-1-
Foreword
FOREWORD
-2-
Contents
Contents
Vehicle picture--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Foreword---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Contents
Contents----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
Operation Instruction
Instrument instruction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I-1-7
Pre-heater panel-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P-H-1-2
Gearbox operation---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O-K-1
Horn button---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OI-2
Ignition switch----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OI-4
Safety hatch--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OI-9
Safety hammer---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OI-10
-3-
Contents
Check tire for abrasion and pressure and tire nut for fixture------------------------------------------------S-13
Air cleaner----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S-14
General knowledge------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M-1
-4-
Contents
Tire transposition--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M-2
Bus cleaning--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M-3
Clutch---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C-6
Propeller shaft------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C-8
Transmission--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C-9
Rear axle-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C-10
Braking system----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C-14
Appendix
-5-
Contents
Tightening moment of the bolts and the nuts in major position ------------------------------------------A-2
-6-
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Engine oil(L) 21
Transmission lubricant(L) 11.5/13
Main retarder lubricant(L) 8
Power steering hydraulic oil(L) 5
Clutch oil(L) 2
-7-
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
-8-
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Technical document
The instruction book is used combined to the following specification:
Engine operation instruction or service manual Air conditioner instruction book
Transmission operation manual Heater instruction book
CAN BUS Instrument system instruction book Monitor instruction book
ABS anti-braking system instruction book VCD/DVD instruction book
Note: the instruction book should be modified according to specific configuration of vehicle.
-9-
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Body Structure
1. Structural style
Semi-integral body structure
2. Structure
The bodywork structure adopts closed girder construction of five major assembly parts, which are
combined welded by rectangle steel pipes with advantages of strong structural stiffness, torsion
resistance and bending resistance as well as relatively simple craftwork. Main components of skeleton
have been performed anticorrosion treatment to ensure steady adhesion of coating and strong capacity
of antirust and corrosion-proof.
3. Interior trim
The interior adopts flexible design and the floor adopts steel plate/wood block composite construction,
and covered with anti-slip and antifriction leather with favorable sound insulation value.
4. Windows
The front windshield is the hyperboloid triplex glass fixed by the gluing; the rear windshields are the
hardened glass fixed by the gluing; the side windows are sealing or sliding style which are made of
hardened glass. The driver’s window is fixed with sliding window.
5. Baggage compartment
The vehicle is a double-deck intra-city bus which be not equipped with baggage compartment.
6. Seat
Driver’s seat: J08-2 type , adjustable ,damping seat with high backrest and three-point style belt.
Passenger seats: FENSA 2.0 type,high backrest, the seats are equipped with two point style safety
belt.
8. Air-conditioning system
Cooling system: KING LONG top mounted dependent air-conditioning system.
Defroster: King Long cooling /heating defrosting device
Heating system: NF heating system
9. Door
The vehicle is equipped with two doors adopt the full aluminum, manual, inner –swing , pneumatic
mode.
The inner-swing door adopts the advanced electrically aerodynamic theory design, with the motion of
opening and closing placidly、agile、safe、lock credible and anti-clamp function.
A. Basic function
a. There are two electrically switches, the interior one is trigger touch-tone, which located on the
dashboard of the front right side of the driver, the outside one is a remote control switch. , both switches
can control the door.
b. When the circuit is in OFF position , the emergency switch can be used in the interior, the emergency
switch of the door is located on the lower right side of the entrance of the door , Please rotate the switch
and throw open the door in emergency.
c. Commonly the door is closed, when touch off any electrically switch, the door would move placidly
at a certain velocity, along with it, the step-lamp lights .when touch off the switch again , the door
would return placidly at a certain velocity, after the door returned , the step-lamp goes out.
- 10 -
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
B. Hint:
a. The door remote control acts only when the parking brake is on the parking gear.
b. The door could only be opened when the external mechanical lock isn't locked up.
c. In order to avoid impact, make sure that the door is completed closed or opened, before you make the
next door switch operation.
Note: Deployment on the vehicle may be different with the above description because of different
deploying requirement of the clients.
6 7 8 9 10 11
12
3
2 13
- 11 -
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
AT position indicator
Digital display screen
Air pressure II
Air pressure I
Coolant temp.
Recharge voltage
S1 S2 S3 S4
I-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
more than three warning information, please press the key to turn over screen. The icon
indicated at the time zone delegating the hint of warning、operation and state.
(7) Prompt hint, for the vehicle with installment plan, the manufacturer may choose prompt
hint.
the recorder will begin to send the prompt hint information to the time zone 7 days before the
prompt, the LCD instrument indicator indicates “the remainder of the prompt: X day”.
The format as shown below:
when the prompt matured ,all the pointer return to zero, at the same time the LCD indicated:
“the prompt has matured” The format as shown below:
(8)When the circuit is on “on” position ,the LCD will indicate default format as below:
Keystroke
there are four operational keys(from left to right)on the instrument : S1、S2、S3、S4(see
the outline drawing of ZB261). The basic function as shown below:
S1: setting key
S2、S3: function key
S4: instrument background light adjustment
I-2
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
The transition of the indicated state as shown below when it indicates warning message:
I-3
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
engine icon
Rv: 000000 K *10 accumulated revolution of engine, the unit is ten thousand
revolutions.
Tt: 000000 Hr accumulated running time of engine, the unit is hour
TA:00:00 H:M the short accumulated running time of engine, format (hour :minute)
the content indicated on the “c” screen is:
fuel icon
0000 Ltr the remainder fuel
* 0000 Km the mileage that the remainder fuel can supply to the vehicle
to run.
* 00.0 L/100 Fuel consumption
( * this function is out of stock at the moment )
the content indicated on the “d” screen is:
③During modify the clock, the key S2、S3 have the plus and minus function.
I-4
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
④when there are several warning indicated on the screen, press the key S2 can move the
arrowhead to the left, press the key S3 can move the arrowhead to the right.
The indicated state as shown below:
(3) press the rotary button S4 can adjust the brightness of instrument background light .
(4) press the key S2、S3 at the same time for long time can calibrate all the instrument pointer.
I-6
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Illustration of the LCD and signal items (VITI & Mewyeah system)
Ico
indicate alarm(such as alarm for water temperature, alarm for oil pressure) 、operation(such as
the left and right turning)and state(ABS operating Indicator,Retarder operating Indicator). The
icon signification is listed in the following sheet,The important signals are indicated directly by
lighting LED icon,and the other icons are indicated on the LCD.
Display
Ico Icon name Icon meaning
position
Compartment
LCD screen Engine Compartment temperature warning
temperature
I-6
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Display
Ico Icon name Icon meaning
position
Signal item Rear fog lamp light Rear fog lamp light
Signal item Front fog lamp light Front fog lamp light
LCD screen Water-level of the toilet Water-level of the toilet too low indicate
LCD screen Right compartment door Right compartment door open indicate
I-7
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Display
Ico Icon name Icon meaning
position
LCD screen Left compartment door Left compartment door open indicate
I-7
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
SI-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
SI-2
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
SI-3
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
SI-4
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
hollow plate
Hollow plate
yellow Start
Red Stop
Yellow Alarm
hollow plate
Green WC
Red Service
SI-5
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
SI-6
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Power key
Cooling
Up key Setting Temp
Pressure alarm indicator
Fresh air
Down key
Temperature display
2) Temperature setting
COOLING——The system begins to cool if the set temperature is lower than the
temperature inside the bus
——The system stops cooling if the set temperature is higher than (or equal to)
the temperature inside the bus
P-A-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
3) Temperature controlling
For example: adjust the set temperature from 25℃ to
regulation
A
U
T
O
2
5
Press Displaying the
Press once and temperature inside
again
the bus from the
LCD screen
Automatic setting
display the setting temperature after 5 seconds
20℃
The lamp of setting the temperature will light up when pressing the button of . The
setting temperature will be displayed on the LCD screen. Adjust the temperature with the
button of and to 20℃. Press the button of after setting the temperature, the
setting temperature light is off. Otherwise, the LCD screen will display the temperature inside
the bus 5 seconds later.
Note:
the scope of setting temperature is from 15.0℃ to 40.0℃
the scope of displayed temperature is from -40.0℃ to 40.0℃
Press
25 ℃
Press
25 ℃ 25 ℃ 25 ℃
Press Press
→ → → →
once twice three times four times
When starting the O switch, the wind flowrate will begain from the low level .
Press the and for 2 seconds then the unit will begin automatic flow rate selection,
it will change the flow rate depends on the air return temperature. Then the indication light at
the above right light . The flow selection is not work at the moment. Press the
and button at the same time for 2 seconds can stop the automatic flow rate selection
and the indicator light will stop and the air flow rate selection will recover.
P-A-2
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Low air flow rate: the temperature of air-return inside the bus is lower than 24℃
(including 24℃ ).
When switching air flow rate by different temperature, the switching confirm time is 30
seconds.
7) Temperature control method
Using ON/OFF mode:the temperature controlling precision (DIF)is 2℃,(FIX
SETTING)
For example: the temperature controlling precision(DIF)is 2℃,The setting temperature
is 25℃.
When the bus inside temperature is 30℃:
The cooling system will be stop (OFF) when the temperature reaching 25℃.
The cooling system will be start (ON) for cooling (COOLING) when the temperature is
over 27℃. The cooling delay time is 10 seconds when it’s at the first starting, after this the
interval time is 30 seconds.
Tem perature
cycle2° C
(- C)
O FF cooling m ode
25 C 27 C
8) Strong cooling
This function of maintenance is used in the season which the air conditioner does not use(over
2℃ inside of bus). The goal is provide the lubricant to the shaft sealing ring by the pressure of
the working compressor. Normally it works 10 minutes and once or twice every month.
When the temperature setting is15℃ and press the button for 5 seconds, the temperature
setting indicator 2℃. After the strong cooling work for few seconds, the cooling light
up. The temperature setting turn back to 22℃ when one cooling cycle finish.
P-A-3
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
11) The part below the LCD screen will flash when the defrosting function working.
A
U
T
O
2
5
.
5
.
D is p la y t h e d e f r o s t in g te m p e r a t u r e
Note:
⑴ The compressor (COMP) and the condenser (COND) fan will stop working and
the evaporate (EVA) fan will run normally when the system defrosting.
⑵ The operation of the defrosting is automatically Controlled. the defrosting operation
begins to work when the temperature of the sensor is(ON) at -1℃ and stops working (OFF)
at 8℃.
The LCD screen will display the Vent open (Vn) and the
setting time when the button pressed for 5 seconds. The button pressed again to show
VF and the setting time. Adjust the setting time by pressing the button of and to
the setting time within 1—60min.(Generally the setting time is 10 minutes). Press the button
for the confirming of the time setting, or the system will confirm the setting time
automatically in 5 seconds. Adjust the setting time by the button and within
1—60min when the LCD screen display VF and the setting time.(Generally the setting time is
30 minutes). Press the button for the confirming of the time setting or the system will
confirm the setting time automatically after 5 seconds.
Note:
Restart the (VENT) switch to carry out the new procedures after the setting.
Otherwise, the previous setting will be carried out again.
Only one parameter can be set for each time.
Press the 10 seconds, it shows the air conditioner voltage. Press the , it shows the
P-A-4
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
red line voltage of control panel. Press the ,it shows the voltage of air conditioner
generator(when the air conditioner is without generator, it only shows the red line voltage of
control panel i.e. the voltage of vehicle generator.)If it isn't operation during this process, it will
show the air return temperature after 5 seconds.
Press the for 12 seconds, it shows the working time of air conditioner. During this
procss it isn’t operation. After 5 seconds, it shows the air return inlet temperature. When the air
conditioner is working, press the and for 2 seconds at the same time. It can be
cleanup the time as 0.
Note:
the working time of air conditioner ,it can be calculated the time as hours since the low flow
rate is beginning. That can be added up every working time of turn off the unit and control
panel power off . It also can check and clean up the working time at any alarm condition.
P-A-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
1. Operation panel
P-H-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
1.3.1 Turn on heater power (water temperature<68 ),main motor begins to pre-blow,18 seconds later
the igniting electrode starts power supply,1 second later the electromagnetic valve starts power supply,
if igniting succeeds, main body goes into normal combustion state,meantime the combustion signal
turns to full bright, igniting electrode closes. When water temperature rises to 81℃,the heater stops
working and the combustion signal is off. After this, main motor prolongs to work 150 seconds. When
water temperature is drop to 68 ,the heater enters the next working cycle automatically. If igniting
doesn’t succeed after electrode discharges 7 seconds, then heater goes into the second igniting state
after two minutes.
1.3.2 If a heater is equipped with nozzles pre-heater, when the temperature is below 20℃, it will be
preheated for 1 minute automatically, and the other procedures will be the same as above and
postponed.
Note: triple tilting switch board dimension 77.5mmX48.2mm
P-H-2
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
P-H-3
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
2.2.1 Buttons:
P-H-4
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
3.1.1 Press button 1, heater is opened, after half a hour it will close automatically.
3.1.2 Press button 2, heater is closed.
3.1.3 Remote controller switch and tilting switch in implement are parallel connection.
3.1.4 If distance is far, button should be pressed over second every time.
4.1.1 Usage
For common heater, general power in bus is shut down after closing heater 150 seconds, and for heater
with continued timer, driver can shut down G-power in the case of not closing heater or closing heater
just to economic driver’s rare time. Or driver doesn’t close the heater, but he shuts down the G-power in
bus, at this time, it can protect heater not to be damaged by back-fire to prolong the life of heater.
4.1.2 Application
Installing continued timer, operate the heater, heater goes into working state immediately. Only when
heater doesn’t stop working completely and G-power is shut down, it will alarm with buzzer every
second, after 180 seconds, reserved power supply is broken, alarm will be over.
Open all of water valves in heater. Turn on water pump, pump light shines, you can utilize remaining
heat from motor water tank to warm. If heating, turn on heating switch, heater goes into normal
combustion state after about 20 seconds, combustion light shines. Defrosting and radiant switches can
be turned on or shut down at any moment. If being in trouble, fault light shines, after shooting, restart
heater to work normally. If not using heater in summer, water-exhausted valve need be closed.
Be prohibited to shut down general power in bus before combustion light quenches, or not, it will
P-H-2
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Cost-effective driving with good fuel economy is ensured when the following
operating instructions are observed:
3-22
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
• When selecting a gear, hold the selector lever against the pressure point until the synchronizing
process is complete and the gear has engaged properly.
Towing
• Up to a max. tow distance of 100 km:
– Shift manual transmission into Neutral.
– Max. permissible tow speed 60 km/h!
• Tow distance of more than 100 km:
– Remove universal shaft flange connections from rear axle.
– The tow speed is not then restricted.
• In the event of transmission damage:
– Remove universal shaft flange connections.
NOTE
When towing, also observe the instructions and rulings of the vehicle manufacturer and country in
question!
3-22
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
0-K-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
2. Use the key to lock the door. First insert key into
the hole 3 and clockwise rotate key about 90°, 3
then anticlockwise rotate handle 4, after that the
door would be locked.
4
Appedix:
The following are all type of door lock and door remote controller of King-Long.
0-K-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
0-K-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Model 2
Model 3
0-K-2
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
0I-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Horn button
Model 1
It is on the steering wheel. The horn is hooting when
pressing the button 1.
The type of steering wheel may vary with vehicle model.
Please use the horn only when strictly necessary to warn
other drivers and pedestrians.
Model 2
0I-2
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Attention!
Adjust the steering wheel only when the vehicle is stopped
2
and the parking brake is on.
After adjusting, press the regulating handle or button down
in order to lock the steering column.
0I-3
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Ignition switch
Position of the ignition key is shown in fig.1.
"K" KEY: for inserting and drawing out position of the
startup key
1."L" LOCK: Insert or remove the key in this position.
2."A" ACC: Power supply of the instrument is switched on
3."O" ON: Normal driving position
4."S" START: Initiating position of the engine, and the key
may rebound to the "ON" position automatically after the
startup.
Note:
1. Turn the ignition key to the OFF position after the engine has been turned off and has stopped
running.
2. If the first attempt to start the engine is not successful, please wait two minutes before trying again.
3. If the engine fails to start after three attempts, check the fuel supply system. If the vehicle runs on
natural gas, check the gas supply system.
Attention!
1. Do not remove the ignition key while the vehicle is in movement. And the ignition key should be
turned to the LOCK position only after the engine shut down.
2. If engine can not start successfully for the first time, try again after 2 minutes. Please check the fuel
supply system if the engine can not start for the third time.
3. When leaving the vehicle, even for a short period, take the key out to avoid operation of the vehicle
by children or unauthorized persons.
OI-4
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Note:
It’s important to dip the lights promptly when approaching an upcoming vehicle in order to avoid
dazzling its driver with the high beam of the headlight.
OI-5
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
The wiper may spray water by pressing the end of the Model 3
handle. The shifts of the retarder may be converted by
back and forth motion of the handle.
Note: do not actuate the wiper without water; press the
washer button as needed, then actuate the wiper.
Model 4
OI-6
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Safety hatch
Model 1
The safety hatch is located on scaffold of the vehicle.
Please open the safety hatch according to the above
diagrammatic representation and illustration for
escaping in case of danger.
Model 2
Model 3
OI-9
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
Model 2
OI-10
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
0-E-1
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
0-E-2
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
CQ2025 A wiring diagram (Printed on opposite cover of the switch control box)
0-E-3
Technical parameter and complete vehicle description
0-E-4
Vehicle Starting and Driving
S-1
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Anti-freeze and antirust solution (mixture of glycol and water) should be added to cooling system from
time to time to avoid sediment, frost, oxidation and increase boiling point.
Note: When adding coolant, please choose the same model to avoid sediment. If coolant is degenerative,
replace it immediately.
Coolant specification as shown below: users should choose products produced by normal factories
according to requirement
S-2
Vehicle Starting and Driving
S-3
Vehicle Starting and Driving
4. Fuel level
S-4
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Check all instruments and indicator lamps for normal, especially the head lamp, the turning lamp, the brake
lamp, the reversing lamp and the danger alarm lamp.
Check the bulb and the switch for their damage. To carry out the lamp substitution, hands should be very
clean. If possible handle new lamps with tissue paper.
Clean the external of all instruments and indicator lamps to ensure clear indication.
Attention!
The traffic laws regulate the location, lighting intensity, and color of the lenses and the quantity of
lanterns for each type of vehicle. The King-Long vehicles leave the factory in strict obeyance of these
specifications. Traffic safety depends on these factors; therefore do not change the place of the lanterns.
Substitute the damaged lanterns only for other original ones. Remember that a change of lantern colors
can confuse other motorists and result in serious accidents. Avoid unnecessary lantern adaptations.
When substituting lamps, use the same type and potency as the original lamps. Do not carry out any
lamp adaptation in the headlights, as this will affect their adjustment and performance, putting the
vehicle traffic safety at risk.
On a regular basis revise the illumination system, keeping it always in perfect working conditions.
S-5
Vehicle Starting and Driving
S-8
Vehicle Starting and Driving
S-9
Vehicle Starting and Driving
2. Pneumatic pressure
The air pressure gauge indicates the reserve pressure individually for the front and rear service brake
circuits.
The reserve air pressure in each brake circuit must be sufficient for the correct operation of the brake
system.
The STOP warning light comes on in case of low brake pressure in the service brake or parking brake
circuits.
Attention!
If the driver information indicator displays the warning “brake pressure” and the STOP warning light
comes on with the engine running, it will be an indication that the air pressure is excessively low. Do not
drive the vehicle if the air pressure gauge displays low air pressure in one or both brake circuits, as the
service brake could fail resulting in serious accident.
S-10
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Always avoid engine over revving (red zone), as engine operation in this speed range can end up the
engine damage immediately or will seriously jeopardize its durability.
The yellow range with red reticle can be used occasionally when the exhaust-brake needs to be used at its
efficiency limit, however, at risk of engine durability. Therefore, do not operate in this range in a normal
or usual way.
S-11
Vehicle Starting and Driving
4. Steering play
S-12
Vehicle Starting and Driving
1. Check tire for abrasion and pressure and tire nut for fixture
The vehicle’s safety and performance depend considerably on the state of the tires, reason why they
should be checked daily.
Before driving a vehicle, check charging pressure of tire for normal, tire for damage, tire nut for fixture.
Note: At initial 50km, please tighten tire nuts of new vehicle to specified torque in appendix.
Tire pressure
Keep the tires always correctly calibrated. The inflation pressure should be checked with the tires cold at
least once a week.
After driving the vehicle for some time, the tires heat and in consequence of the heat, the inflation
pressure increases. Never, under any circumstance, empty heated tires to reestablish the recommended
inflation pressure.
The pressure difference between the assemble tires on the same axle should not be superior to 0.1 bar.
Wheel hubs
Keep them always clean, eliminating eventual mud or other dirt adherence. Substitute the damaged and/or
deformed hubs. The utilization of refurbished hubs is not recommended.
Wheel nut
Without fail re-tighten the wheel fastening nuts of new vehicles after running 50km.
The wheel fastening nuts should be retightened, crosswise, in turns, observing the recommended
tightening torque according to the type of fastening nut. If a torque meter is not available, tighten the nuts
strongly, using the vehicle tools without additional levers.
S-13
Vehicle Starting and Driving
2. Air cleaner (activate the dust discharge valve to loosen accumulated dust)
Model 1
The maintenance of the air cleaner is made up of the
substitution of the filtering elements and should be
done only when the maintenance indicator indicates
the saturation of the element.
The cleaning of the main and safety filtering elements
is not recommended. The re-utilization of the filtering
elements can result in deficient filtering of the air and
cause serious damage to the engine.
When washing the engine, conveniently protect the air
inlet with a plastic or similar material to avoid the
infiltration of water to the air filtering element. After
washing the engine, remove the protection from the air
inlet.
Model II
Periodically press the dust discharge valve with your
hand, in order to incomplete the dust which possibly
be caught in the internal part maintaining them clear.
At the same time, check clip connecting rubber hose
of air intake system with steel tube in case of dust
entering air intake system due to looseness and
decrease in engine life.
The air cleaner restriction is electronically controlled.
If the indication of saturated air cleaner appears in the
display of digital indicator in combination instrument,
send the vehicle to a King-Long Dealer or authorized
workshop to inspect and clean the air intake system
and substitute the main filtering element.
1 automatic dust discharge valve
Indication
The main filtering element of the air filter should be substitutes after maximum 2 years use.
The safety filtering element (optional) should be changed at every third main filtering element
substitution, or after maximum 2 years of use.
S-14
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Check the engine, the transmission, the driving axle, the steering system, the cooling system and the oil
pipeline, the air pipeline of the complete vehicle for their leakage.
S-15
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Check buckle of the safety belt of the driver seat for normal and ensure for its lockup under the following
situations when fastening the safety belt.
● The body dashes forward all of a sudden;
● The vehicle makes an emergency braking or an abrupt acceleration;
S-16
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Such as extinguisher, crosstie for blocking vehicle, emergency hammer, jack and etc..
Important hint:
1. Fire extinguisher can be used for one time only,
DO NOT press the fire button except for Fire button
emergency condition.
S-17
Vehicle Starting and Driving
6. Working order of windshield wipers and conditions of wiper blades and arms
Model 1
Regularly check the windshield wiper blades for dirt or damage.
Press the lever to activate the windshield washer
Stop vehicle on a flat road, open side cover of instrument desk. Model 2
Container of detergent is located inside instrument desk. If
detergent is insufficient, add.
Add the clean water into the tank for windshield washer.
There are 2 kinds of water tank.
S-18
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Model 1
L: adjusting left rearview mirror.
R: adjusting right rearview mirror.
Mirror button: push down the arrow headed button to
adjust the mirror for 4 directions.
Model 2
Model 2
L: adjusting left rearview mirror.
R: adjusting right rearview mirror.
Mirror button: rotate the handle to adjust the mirror for
4 directions.
Model 3
S-19
Vehicle Starting and Driving
S-20
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Check the tension of engine belt, fan belt and compressor belt, if loose, tension it; if damaged, replace it.
Do not start up the engine without the drive belts. In the case of one of the belts breaking, immediately
stop the engine and have a new belt put in.
The checking, adjustment or substitution of the drive belts should be carried out with the engine shut
down.
Check cross plane of the belt for no cracks. Crackle in the transverse direction (along the belt width
direction) is acceptable while that in longitudinal direction and transverse crack cross is unacceptable.
Please replace the strap in case of abrasion or chip dropping off.
Too tight or too loose belt would make against proper operation of engine. Press belt to check tension.
Please refer to the manual book of engine assembly for detailed adjusting method and tension of belt.
The poli-V belts demand technical knowledge, therefore we recommend that this job, when necessary, be
carried out at a King-Long authorized Dealer or Workshop.
If it is necessary to replace the ventilator drive belts in emergency situations, adjust their tension in such a
way that upon pressing them with one’s thumb in the middle of the distance between the pulleys, a
defection of approximately 20mm is observed. Loosen fastening nut of intermediary pulley before turning
the adjusting bolt. After adjusting ventilator belt tension, tighten the fastening nut of intermediary pulley
firmly.
1 2 3
Model 1:
Adjusting method of the single belt driving fan belt is
shown in the figure
1. Check tension of belt
Apply force of 98N by the finger.
Strap sinkage between the crank pulley 1 and the fan
pulley 2 should be 25 ~ 31mm.
4 3 2 1
Model 2:
Adjusting method of the fan belt is shown in the figure
1. Check tension of belt
Apply force of 98N by the finger.
Strap sinkage between the crank pulley 4 and the counter
pulley 2 should be 25 ~ 31mm.
Strap sinkage between the counter pulley 2 and the fan
pulley 1 should be 7 ~ 8mm.
2. Adjust tension of cone belt
Adjust bolt 3 and counter pulley 2 up and down until the
tension is proper.
S-22
Vehicle Starting and Driving
The pneumatic tensioning system keeps the tension of air conditioning compressor drive belt correctly
adjusted and do not need to be adjusted periodically. 1 2 4
S-23
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Open the battery cover to check level of electrolyte, if the level is lower than scale marked on the battery,
please add it in time.
Battery
The battery compartment is located at the second compartment of left or right rear side.
1 battery
2 switch control box
Cleaning
Keep the batteries always externally clean and the air vent unobstructed. Avoid battery contact with
petroleum derived products.
Charge
Do not allow batteries to maintain a charge inferior to 75% of the total charge.
Do not submit the batteries to excessive overcharges of discharges.
S-24
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Note:
a. The engine should be running at low middle speed for 3-5 minutes on every day's first starting before the
driving.
b. Never race the engine without warming up. During cold start, increase engine speed slowly and do not
make engine run at maximum speed until water temperature of engine reaches to 70°C. At any time, do not
make engine run at high speed under no load.
c. Never make engine run at idle speed for more than 10 minutes.
d. The oil pressure should be displayed on the dashboard in 15 seconds after the engine is started, otherwise,
stop engine to check..
e. If parking brake indicator lights, indicating that parking brake has not be released.
Attention!
If on starting up the engine, the engine oil pressure indicator continues indicating low pressure, this means
that the engine running order is in danger. Immediately shut down engine, find and correct the failure.
S-25
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Note: After engine runs at heavy loading, temperature of cooling water is higher than 90ºC, so do not stop
engine at once. The stalling should be made only after the engine has been running for a period of time and the
water temperature lowed to the normal range. The parking brake is achieved by setting the hand brake handle
on the control position after the stalling. The shift should be switched to the neutral position and power supply
shut down. Please make necessary inspection of engine and then troubleshoot.
Cautions
Cautions during the winter operation
① Please add long life coolant to cooling system.
② After parking, please exhaust water in air tank in time.
③ Before winter comes, please check level of battery electrolyte, specific gravity and voltage.
Water used in the radiator must be soften.
Never make engine start without preheating or run with trouble. In the cold climate, do not start engine until
preheat it with hot water or vapor to more than 30-40ºC.
During driving downhill, do not place gearshift lever in neutral position to slip. Please apply exhaust brake or
retarder.
Do not start vehicle until parking brake has been released
S-26
Vehicle Starting and Driving
Engine start up
Press the start up switch (start) and activate the back
cover course end switch bar in the engine compartment.
Loosen the switches immediately the engine begins
running.
Model 2
When the engine is turned on by way of the start up
switch in the engine compartment, this switch should be
used as a manual accelerator.
With the engine compartment cover open, the start up by
way of the ignition key is impossible.
S-27
Vehicle Starting and Driving
The vehicle could only be started when braking system pressure has reached 5kg/cm2 above and each
instrument and indicator lamp is on the proper condition, and water outlet temperature exceeds 60℃ as well
as the parking brake has been released after the engine is started. Please make the startup in shift I.
On normal running condition:
z Pointer of oil gauge should be between 0.3 and 0.5Mpa(3-5kg/cm2).
z Pointer of water temperature gauge should be between 83℃ and 95℃.
z Pointer of double-pointer barometer should be between 0.55 and 0.8 Mpa(5.5-8kg/cm2)
After the vehicle starting, gear shifting should be made step by step and timely. The clutch pedal should not be
released abruptly to impulse the starting when the vehicle is stuck in the mud or can not start on a spoil road.
The following problems should also be paid attention to during the driving
① If abnormal noise or odor occurs, please stop vehicle to check.
② Abrupt acceleration or emergency braking should be avoided as might.
③ Don't put foot on the clutch pedal during the driving.
④ Avoid engine overspeed. When driving long downhill, engine may overspeed easily after gearshift, at
this time, pay attention to apply exhaust brake or retarder and driving brake to ensure engine run at
specified speed.
⑤ During driving downhill, never stop engine, otherwise, resulting in de-pressure in brake pipeline and
power steering gear failure.
During normal running condition,if the pointer of water temperature gauge is under the red sign that indicated
the vehicle is on normal condition. if the pointer is on “H”
S-28
Vehicle Starting and Driving
The parking brake should be always applied when the vehicle is parked.
Additionally, in some countries, it is determined by law that a vehicle parked on a slope must have at least
one of its wheels wedged, to prevent its accidental moving.
In this case, always keep an appropriate wedge available for this purpose aboard the vehicle.
When parking on public highways, obey the legal determinations as far as the use of parking lights or
reflecting panels.
Application
Attention!
On applying the parking brake, always check the
locking of the lever in the total braking position, on
the contrary, the lever may return automatically to the
brake off position.
Pull back the parking brake valve lever in such a way
that the lever is locked in total braking position. The
parking brake warning light should light up.
Note:
In emergencies, with the possible failure of the service
brake, the parking brake can be used as an emergency
brake. In this case, slowly pull the parking brake lever
allowing for a progressive braking without abruptly
locking the wheels.
S-29
Maintenance and service
General knowledge
KingLong recommends that the bus be maintained according to the Maintenance Schedule in this section.
Perform maintenance at whichever interval occurs first. At each scheduled maintenance interval, perform all
previous maintenance checks they are due for scheduled maintenance.
Please make periodic inspection and maintenance of bus according to the operation manual to ensure good
status. During service, stop bus on a horizontal road and ensure bus steady and engine stopping. Make
functional inspection and running test after each service.
Important Notice: If bus often runs under poor conditions (such as poor road surface, high dust
concentration, frequent bump etc.), maintenance interval should be shortened. During adding lubricant,
before replacing filter or repairing, clean the place around related parts carefully. Please add lubricant with
clean containers.
• For the usage and maintenance of the engine, refer to relevant engine operation and maintenance
manual.
• For maintenance of transmission and front-rear axle, please refer to relative users’ guide.
• For use and maintenance of other parts of chassis, if without special user’s guide or maintenance period,
please refer to this manual for maintenance information.
Body maintenance
1. Keep body clean .Timely clean should be made after daily running and don’t scrape body with tool in
order to avoid paint scratch and damage of roll covering.
2. Sealing strips of doors and windows should be kept integrated. Make timely replacement if damaged.
3. Prohibit washing body paint with hot water, buck, kerosene and other liquid which has damage to oil
paint.
4. Check connections between body and frame frequently. If find something abnormal, repair it in time.
5. Frequently check fasteners inside vehicle and tighten them in time.
6. Frequently check conditions of passenger door. If find something abnormal, do adjustment in time.
7. Frequently check conditions of all lamps. If find any damage, replace it in time.
1. Please cut off ECU control box to avoid the high voltage from outside to make damage to the ECU,
when use the outer power supply to charge the battery.
2. When the vehicle need electric welding, cut off the ECU .never use the multimeter to measure the ECU
box.
3. Inspect the engine voltage for stabilization periodically.
M-1
Maintenance and service
4. When maintain the brake shoe ,do not damage the ring gear and sensor, clean the ring gear and
sensor at the same time. after maintenance ,do remember to put the sensor to the limited position
along the ring gear direction.
5. Make sure that the power is in off position when remove and install the components, keep the
components clean and dry.
6. Never change the fuse capability or connect the fuse in disorder.
7. Change the indicator in time when it doesn’t work.
8. Do not brush the ECU with water when cleaning it.
Note: for details about the working theory of ABS and maintenance, please refer to the ABS instruction
book which is offered by provider.
Because of different allocation requirements, some of the vehicle model may not be equipped with ABS
system, please use correctly according to actual condition of vehicle.
(1) When battery is charged by external power supply, disconnect ECU control box to prevent outer
high voltage damage ECU (electric control unit).
(2) When vehicle needs to weld, disconnect ECU. Don’t use multimeter to measure ECU control box.
(3) Monitor voltage stability of generator regularly.
(4) Parts dismantling must be carried out after electric has been shut off and should keep parts’
cleanness and dry.
(5) Don’t change fuse capacity casually or bestride connect fuse.
(6) When indicator doesn’t work, replace it timely.
(7) Don’t use water to scour ECU when doing ECU cleanness.
(8) Don’t use multimeter to measure ECU.
Tire transposition
The tire may appear certain abrasion after period of running. The tire should be made transposition as
the drawing below after every 8000 km to 10000 km running for proper use and prolonged tire life.
Four-wheel locating condition should be checked, dynamic balance and tire transposition be made at
once if there shows early and irregular abrasion of the tire.
M-2
Maintenance and service
Adjust clearance between push rod and piston of clutch master cylinder to 0.2-0.7mm. Loosen locknut
and rotate push rod along the piston direction until it contacts the piston, and then turn back 1/7-1/2
circle. After adjustment, tighten the locknut and then adjust the length of clutch booster push rod to
ensure 4-6mm empty stroke. At this time, clutch pedal free stroke is 8-12mm
Loosen locknut of brake pedal push rod and adjust adjusting nut, and then measure the vertical distance
from pedal free position to the position where pressing resistance increases apparently when depressing
pedal. The value should be between 8mm and 12mm. After adjustment, lock the locknut.
Bus cleaning
M-3
Maintenance and service
Wet washing: Put filter element in lukewarm containing general cleaning agent and swing it and then clean
with fresh water and dry it after dehydration.
Hint: Before wet washing, blow filter element clean.
M-4
Maintenance and service
Caution: Vapor spray gun, solution, gasoline or equivalent should not be used during the cleaning.
-Before reinstalling air filter element, check element from inside to outside with check lamp for
damage;
-Check sealing ring for damage or cracks.
Caution: Do not start the engine without mounting the air filter.
Keep outside of radiator clean. Compressed air current can eliminate all the dirt blocking air flow.
For vehicle equipped with intercooler, please keep air radiator fin clean. If there is hard dirt in radiator
fin, blow fan side and then the other side with compressed vapor current. In order to avoid damage to
air radiator fin or water radiator fin, ensure spray of air, water or vapor perpendicular to radiator surface.
It should be sent to the king-long special maintenance station to make decontamination and final
disposal if there has much dirt in the water radiator and the air radiator.
1. Clean water radiator fin and air radiator fin termly and eliminate dirt blocking air flow, which is
important for ensuring the engine cooling.
2. For zone with many winged insect, please clean radiator fin frequently.
3. If users do not operate according to requirement, resulting in poor engine cooling and grave
damage to components.
4. If don’t comply with this requirement, it may cause poor engine cooling and bad damage to
components.
5. Anti-freeze and antirust solution (mixture of glycol and water) should be added to cooling system
perennially to avoid sediment, frost, oxidation and increase boiling point.
Note: When adding coolant, please choose the same model as much as possible in case of sediment. If
coolant is degenerative, replace it entirely and immediately.
6.Never use water to replace coolant for a long period.
After long running of engine, scale will come into being in cooling system. It should be eliminated in
time. Methods as follows: mix 700-800g caustic soda with 150g kerosene and then inject the mixed
liquid into cooling water and make engine run at middle speed for 5-10 minutes. 10-12 hours later,
make engine run again for 10-15 minutes and then drain aqueous solution and clean cooling system
with clean water.
Anti-freeze and antirust solution (mixture of glycol and water) should be added to cooling system
perennially to avoid sediment, frost, oxidation and increase in boiling point.
NOTE: When adding coolant, please choose the same brand as much as possible in case of sediment.
If coolant is degenerative, replace entirely.
After long operation of engine, please eliminate scale in cooling system in time. Methods as shown
M-5
Maintenance and service
below: mix 700-800g caustic soda with 150g kerosene and then inject the miscible liquids into water, at
this time, make engine run at middle speed for 5-10 minutes. 10-12 hours later, make engine run again
for 10-15 minutes and then drain aqueous solution and clean cooling system with fresh water. Coolant
specification as shown below: the users should choose proper brand according to requirement:
Fuel recommendation
1. Diesel oil (only apply to diesel vehicle) : only diesel oil of which cetane value is not less than 45
according to GB252 standard can be used. Sulfur content should not be more than 0.2%.
2. No. 0 light diesel oil: Suitable for the zone where venture rate is 10% and minimum temperature is
higher than 4°C.
3. No.-10 light diesel oil: Suitable for the zone where venture rate is 10 percent and minimum
temperature is more than -5°C.
4. No.-20 light diesel oil: Suitable for the zone where venture rate is 10 percent and minimum
temperature is more than -14°C.
5. No.-35 light diesel oil: Suitable for the zone where venture rate is 10 percent and minimum
temperature is more than -29°C.
6. Natural gas (only apply to Natural Gas Vehicle ):use natural gas of which methane value is low to 65.
Engine oil
¾ Prefer using the engine oil whose quality is equivalent to or higher than level CF-4 or CH-4 of
American Petroleum Institute API, or refer to the engine specification.
¾ Part of engine oil used for lubricating the piston will be burnt out (consumed) during the engine
running. Engine oil must be replaced in certain period because of high temperature effect and the
oil combustion product interfusing in the oil, especially the chemical additive in the oil will cause
"abrasion" of the oil. This kind of abrasion depends on working condition of engine, quality of
fuel and engine oil; therefore there has different oil changing interval. (Recommended oil changing
interval is 12000km.)
M-6
Maintenance and service
¾ Since oil viscosity fluctuated with temperature, so the ambient temperature of engine working area
is very important to select viscosity grade (as shown in the figure). When temperature exceed lower
limit, it may decrease cold start capacity of the engine but will not make any damage to the engine.
¾ Higher sticky engine oil may cause the engine difficult to start, so the ambient temperature of the
engine starting is the main reference for selecting viscosity of the winter engine oil. Selecting
multifunctional engine oil may avoid oil changing caused by temperature fluctuation.
HINT: Never add any additive to above engine oil and different kinds of oil should be avoided using at
the same time (oil mixture must be the same grade oil and it is recommended to replace in time).
Gear oil:
M-7
Maintenance and service
Fulfill standard: Generai Allison C-3. When ambient temperature is low than 10°C, please apply
DEXRON-II hydraulic fluid to steering gear; when ambient temperature is higher than 10°C, please
apply C-3/10W hydraulic fluid. C-3/10W grade oil can be used in most area .all-year generally. C-3/30
grade oil can be used in non-cold area all-year generally.
Meet the using condition of GL-5(SAE90) grade heavy duty hyperboloid gear oil defined by API and
the ambient temperature requirement.
Clutch oil:
¾ It is compound brake fluid (Laike 901) and must fulfill the standard GB10830-98JG3, GB12981
91H2Y3. It should be paid attention not to mix brake fluid with different types, otherwise it will affect
the using effect. The original brake fluid should be cleaned out before replacing the compound brake
fluid.
Chassis grease:
¾ Grease added in each part should use 2# lithium base lubricant (suitable for temperature within
the range of -30~ +120℃).
¾ Long life anti-freezing and antirust fluid should be added to water tank. The coolant could be
general used both in winter and summer without adding and draining water in winter and it can prevent
forming scale and corroding cooling system. Freezing point of the coolant should be noticed to 5℃
lower than the lowest environment temperature. Different type of coolant should not be mixed using.
M-8
Maintenance and service
1. Wash the vehicle and check connection and tight situation of each place.
2. Check coolant storage in radiator and check each place of cooling system for leakage.
3. Check oil level of engine, clutch control system, transmission, drive axle, steering gear and clutch oil
storage tank. If deficient, add and then check each place for leakage.
4. Check and see if braking system works properly and leakage phenomenon exists at connections of all
valves and pipelines.
5. Check and see if phenomenon of loosing or clogging exists at each place of steering system.
6. Check and see if electric equipments, lamps and the instruments work properly and check battery
electrolyte level.
7. Check whether tire pressure has meet requirement.
8. Check and see if each transmission gear can engage properly.
1. Tighten cylinder head and bolts (inc suspension). Tighten torque please refer to corresponding
instruction. Tighten torques please refer to corresponding instructions.
2. Check valve clearance.
3. Check lubricant level of final drive and clean ventilation plug.
4. Replace engine oil、axle oil and oil filter element.
5. Replace hydraulic oil and oil tank filter of power steering hydraulic system.
M-9
Maintenance and service
M-10
Maintenance and service
M-11
Maintenance and service
Periodical maintenance of each class: do maintenance during each interval or certain miles .
Special instruction: if assembly instruction requires different oil replace period, please follow the
instruction’s requirement on maintenance period and operation. If else please refer to this manual for
maintenance requirement.
M-12
Maintenance and service
M-13
Maintenance and service
M-14
Maintenance and service
M-15
Maintenance and service
M-16
Maintenance and service
Maintenance operation and regulation every 20000km or 5 months depend on what occurs first.
Every 20000km include every 10000km maintenance operation
M-17
Maintenance and service
M-18
Maintenance and service
M-19
Maintenance and service
Maintenance operation and regulation every 40000km or 8 months depend on what occurs first.
Every 40000km include every 20000km maintenance operation
Drive belt, Cooling fan belt tension Check/adjust Check each belt without loosening or damage
Cooling fan bearing and bolt Check/adjust No damage, fouling, loosening
Engine Belt tension pulley bearing Check/adjust No damage, fouling, loosening
Cylinder cover bolt Check/adjust No damage, loosening
Air dryer Replace Replace air dryer
Clearance between leaf spring bush and pin
Suspension Leaf spring bushing Check normal, no abnormal abrasion, bush not
crack, lubrication normal
Maintenance operation and regulation every 80000km or 12 months depend on what occurs first.
Every 80000km include every 40000km maintenance operation
Thermostats Replace
Fuel roughing filter Replace
Cooling system Release/ clean/
add
Radiator Check Radiator without leakage, damage, fouling.
Engine Hose without damage, clips without loosen or
damage.
Engine suspending Check/fasten Connection reliable, firm, soft mat no distortion
layer or crack
Overhead set- valves and Measure Valve clearance within required range
injectors
Clutch Clutch brake fluid level Charge Compound brake fluid
Clearance between leaf spring bushing and pin
The leaf
leaf spring bushing Check normal, no abnormal abrasion, bushing without
suspension
crack, lubrication normal
M-20
Maintenance and service
ZF Series axle
A-132
Rear Axle (New lubricant grease of 250,000KM or 2 RENOLIT ZF parts
AV-132) shaft of wheel hub years LX-PEP No.: 0671
change ( include oil 2Rs36/04e 190 122
seal)
Wheel bearings with individual mounts at the 500.000 km / 2 years
front and rear axles
Compact bearings (hub unit) in the wheel 500.000 km / 4 years
heads at the front and rear
axles
Oil change
System Application Oil classes
interval
- Scheduled routes
360,000 km
- Average speed from 20
3 years ZF-Ecofluid M
to 60 km/h
02A(1) / 02B(1) / 02D / 02E / 02L
Transmission - Long-distance coach
These lubricant classes may generally only be
journeys 540,000 km
used in broken-in transmissions
- Average speed as of 60 3 years
km/h
M-21
Maintenance and service
M-22
Maintenance and service
M-23
Maintenance and service
M-24
Maintenance and service
M-25
Common trouble and elimination
All lights I I I I I I I I I
Battery electrolyte
I I I I I I I I I
surface , connector
Vehicle body,
I I I
framework checking
C-1
Common trouble and elimination
Engine common trouble and its elimination (suitable for diesel engine)
1) Too low starting speed 1) Check the starting system and assure the starting speed is not
lower than 110rpm.
2) Air exists in the injection system 2) Check the looseness of the joints of the feed line. Unscrew
the de-aeration bolt on the fuel cleaner and oil water separator
assembly, then press fuel with hand priming pump until the fuel
overflows without air bubbles.
3) Fuel pipe clogged 3) Determine the location of the clog and clear it.
4) Fuel filter choked 4) Replace the screw-on filter element of the fuel filter/oil-water
separator assembly.
5) Fuel supply pump does not apply 5) Check for leakage in the fuel inlet pipe
fuel or applies fuel irregularly Clogging of the fuel supply pump filters and fix or replace.
6) Insufficient fuel injection, without 6) Check the injector atomization situations and replace a new
fuel injection or low injection pressure one if it doesn’t work.
7) Starting system problems: 7) Check the connection to be correct and reliable.
Incorrect terminals connection or bad
contact;
Insufficient battery charge; Charge the battery.
Bad contact between the brush and Repair or replace the brush and clean the surface of the
communicator of the starter communicator with soft sand paper and blow off.
8) Insufficient compression pressure; 8) Replace the piston ring and press in the cylinder sleeve if
necessary.
Piston ring worn-out
9) The fuel cut off solenoid valve joint 9) Check the valve clearance, valve spring, valve stem, and
is loose, dirty or corroded smudginess valve seat. Grind the valve seat if necessary.
canker Tighten and wash or replace.
10) Mounting timing incorrect 10) Check and adjust it.
C-1
Common trouble and elimination
1)Intake blocked 1)Check the air cleaner, intake pipe, and clean or replace the air
cleaner filter elements.
2) high exhaust back pressure 2)Check the valve timing, adjust it if necessary; Clean the
exhaust pipe.
3 ) Insufficient boost pressure of 3)Check and eliminate the leakage in the pipe and joints.
turbocharged system
4) Turbocharger is out of order; 4) Dean or replace the compressor casing and turbine housing.
Compressor and turbine passages are
polluted, clogged or damaged;
Bearing failure; Replace it.
Carbon deposit and sludge in the Clean it.
back of turbine and compressor
impellers.
5)middle cooler mangle ,leave out 5)Check and replace it.
6)Fuel line blocked or leaky 6)Check the seal of fuel line and fuel filter choking, or replace
screw-on filter element.
7)Poor atomization of injector 7)Check the inject pressure, remove carbon, adjust and repair
8)Incorrect distribution phase 8)Check and adjust the distribution timing and valve lash
9)Cylinder gasket leakage 9)Tighten the cylinder head bolts according to the stated torque
and order, or replace the cylinder gasket.
10)Bad valve sealing 10)Grind or replace it.
11 ) Overheat engine or too high 11)Check and repair the radiator, thermostat, and adjust fan belt
coolant temperature tension.
12)Piston ring worn-out or broken 12)replace it
13)Sensor doesn’t work 13)Check and replace it.
C-2
Common trouble and elimination
5) The driving gear is abrased and get 5) Check the gear side clearance and change the gear or not
too large gap. There is knocking according to the abrasion situations.
sound at the timing gear box cover.
6) Too big clearance between piston and
6) Change the piston and use the repairing cylinder liner. Keep the
cylinder and there is knocking sound
proper clearance between piston and cylinder.
at the cylinder wall.
7) Remove the carbon and waste in the compressor channel and
7) Puff vibration of supercharger
the exhaust channel.
8) The bearing of supercharger is
damaged and the rotor knocks on the 8) Change the supercharger assembly
shell
9) The valve clearance is too large and
9) Adjust the valve clearance.
there is big noise at the cylinder head.
C-3
Common trouble and elimination
1) Intake clogged 1) heck and clean the air cleaner and intake passage.
3) Incorrect distribution timing 3) Adjust the distribution timing according to the instruction.
5) The injector spray too much fuel 5) Check and adjust it accordion to the instruction.
6) Check and repair or replace 6) Check and repair leak in the pipe line and joints.
2) Too low coolant temperature 2) Check the working temperature of the thermostat,
replace it if necessary.
6) Running at low load for long time 6) Operate at proper speed and load
7) Seal ring of turbocharger worn-out 7) Check and replace it.
C-4
Common trouble and elimination
2) Inner and outer rotors of oil pump worn-out 2) Replace the oil pump.
or too large
7) Fixing bolt of oil pump inlet oil tube loose 7) Tighten the bolt to the required torque.
1) Too low ambient temperature and too 1) Use the required grade engine oil. Operate at low speed
high oil viscosity after starting, and then check it when the oil temperature is
normal.
2) Over-flow valve clogged 2) Check and clean it
4) Piston ring stuck or seriously worn 4) Check and repair, if necessary, replace it.
C-5
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
1.The noise occurs when the clutch
disengages
1) Flywheel support bearing stuck 1) Replace the bearing
2) Release bearing stuck 2) Replace the bearing
Abnormal
2. The noise occurs when the clutch
sound of the
engages
clutch
1) Clutch driven disk worn
2) Clutch torsion damping spring 1) Replace the clutch driven disc
broken 2) Replace the clutch driven disc
3) Transmission bearing or gear broken 3) Replace the bearing or the gear
1. When operational travel of the clutch
pedal is correct
1) Uneven or deformity of the clutch 1) Correct or replace faulted parts.
pressure plate or the flywheel and
the driven disc
2) Abrasion or clogging of the clutch 2) Repair or replace the clutch plate and
plate spline lubricate the moving region by
anti-high temperature grease
3) Cllogging of the flywheel supporting 3) Replace the bearing
bearing
4) Pressure spring distorted 4) Replace the pressure spring
Clutch does 5) Impurity in the clutch plate, the 5) Remove and wash.
not pressure plate and the flywheel
disengage 6) Distortion or breakdown of the 6) Check the distortion or the breakdown
smoothly or diaphragm spring and change the faulted parts
can not 2. The clutch pedal is in normal
disengage operation but the pedal travel is too
large 1) Adjust the travel to the given range
1) Too large of the clutch pedal pusher
stroke 2) Make replacement
2) Abrasion of the pedal bushing, the
interlocking pin and the pin hole 3) Adjust the travel to the given range
3) Too large of the clutch booster
pusher stroke
3. Too small or no acting force when
operating clutch pedal
1) There has air in the liquid pipeline 1) Exhausting
Clutch master cylinder or booster 2) Disassemble and repair.
operates abnormally
C-6
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
4. No braking fluid in the clutch oil
tank 1) Check and repair leakage or replace
1) Leakage faulted components.
2) There has leakage during the 2) Disassemble and repair.
hydraulic cylinder operation
1. Abrasion of the friction surface of 1. Correct or replace the parts
the clutch plate, the flywheel and the
pressure plate; improper connection
or clogging between these parts
2. There has lubricant on the friction 2. Clean or replace the parts
surface of the clutch plate, the
flywheel and the pressure plate
3. Compression spring fatigued or 3. Replace the pressure spring
broken
4. Improper usage of the compression 4. Replace and use the correct spring
spring
5. Clutch cap bolt loose
6. There has no free travel of the clutch 5. Tighten blots to specified torque
Slipping of pedal 6. Adjust free play of pedal.
clutch 7. The diaphragm spring appears
abrasion, breakdown or fatigue 7. Check the clutch cover assembly and
situation replace the faulted parts
8. Improper adjustment of the push rod 8. Adjust length of the push rod as required
on the clutch master cylinder that
pushing piston
9. Improper adjustment of the push rod 9. Adjust length of the push rod as required
that pushing the clutch cylinder
10. Improper adjustment of push rod 10. Adjust length of the push rod as required
on the clutch booster that pushing
the clutch
11. Clutch master cylinder oil return port 11. Disassemble and clean
is blocked
12. Abrasion of the clutch plate 12. Replace the clutch plate
1. Looseness of the rivet on surface of 1. Correct or replace the clutch plate
the clutch driven disc
There has 2. Pressure spring broken or fatigued 2. Replace the pressure spring
vibration 3. Distortion, improper engagement
during the and too large runout clearance for 3. Repair or replace the faulted parts
clutch clutch driven plate, flywheel and
engaged pressure plate
4. Performance declination of the 4. Replace the clutch plate
clutch driven disc surface
C-7
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
There has 5. Driven plate damping spring broken 5. Replace the clutch plate
vibration 6. Uneven height of the clutch lever 6. Adjust the height of each release lever
during the 7. Performance declination or 7. Check the clutch cover assembly and
clutch breakdown of the diaphragm spring replace the faulted parts
engaged
1. There has fault on the clutch booster 1. Disassemble, repair or clean.
Too large 2. Release bearing bushing stuck or 2. Replace the bushing and make
force of the lubricated deficiently lubrication
clutch pedal 3. The release bearing flange stuck 3. Correct or replace the bearing flange
force 4. There has deficient lubrication of the 4. Make lubrication
release lever bushing
Propeller shaft
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
1. Propeller shaft sliding yoke 1. Remove and let the sliding yoke and the
assembled incorrectly fixing yoke on the same plane
2. The propeller shaft is distortion or 2. Adjust or replace the propeller shaft
bending
3. The universal-joint journal or the 3. Replace the bearing
Propeller
needle bearing has been worn out or
shaft jogging
damaged
(vehicle
4. The propeller shaft loose 4. Tighten propeller shaft to specified
vibrates
torque
during
5. The propeller shaft is imbalance 5. Adjust or replace the propeller shaft
driving)
6. The intermediate supporting bearing 6. Replace the intermediate supporting
is worn out or damaged bearing
7. Bracket of the intermediate 7. Make adjustment or replacement
supporting bearing is loose or the
rubber damp piece material is aging
1. Abrasion or damage of the universal 1. Replace the universal joint
Abnormal
joint
sound from
2. Abrasion or damage of the sliding 2. Replace the sliding yoke
the propeller
yoke
shaft (during
3. Looseness of the propeller shaft 3. Tighten it to specified torque
the starting
4. Inadequate lubrication to the needle 4. Make the lubrication
and the
bearing, the sliding yoke and the
running)
intermediate bearing
C-8
Common trouble and elimination
Transmission
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
1. Control mechanism
1) Improper height of the control hinge 1) Adjust the control hinge
2) There has clearance between the 2) Correct or replace the parts
control hinge connection
3) The control hinge bend 3) Correct or replace the control hinge
2. Transmission
Difficult
1) Abrasion or damage of the bearing 1) Replace the bearing
gear shift
2) Synchronizer operates abnormally 2) Correct or replace the parts
(Difficult
3) The shaft or the gear is wore or 3) Correct or replace the parts
gear
damaged
engagement)
4) Abnormal slip of the gear shifter 4) Correct
shaft
3. Others
1) Clutch can not disengage normally 1) See " Clutch does not disengage
smoothly or can not disengage "
2) The lubrication viscosity is too high 2) Use the lubrication of given grade
Transmission
1) Shift fork distorted or worn 1) Check the gear-shifter fork and make
2) Abrasion of lthe lockup ball or the adjustment or replacement in case of
ball on the gear shifter shaft bending
2) Disassemble and replace the worn-out
parts
3) Breakdown or fatigue of the lock 3) Replace the spring
spring
The 4) Excessive clearance of the gear 4) Adjust the gear clearance or replace the
transmission engagement gear
gear is off 5) Excessive clearance along the 5) Measure the axial clearance and replace
the engaging gearing axial direction the thrust washer if necessary
position 6) Abrasion of the sliding bearing 6) Replace the bushing
slipper or its end surface
7) Abrasion of the main bearing 7) Replace the main bearing
Control mechanism
1) The control mechanism is out of 1) Check and correct the control hinge
work
2) Movement of the shifter lever causes 2) Check damage of the engine rubber
vibration of the vehicle suspension and replace the faulted
parts
C-9
Common trouble and elimination
Rear axle
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
When the vehicle is starting
1) Excessive clearance between 1) Adjust the clearance
the differential gear
2) Excessive clearance between 2) Adjust the clearance
the driving and the driven gear
3) Looseness of the connecting 3) Tighten it to specified torque
Abnormal
flange and the propeller shaft
sound from
4) Too small pretightening force of 4) Adjust the pretightening force
the rear
the drive gear bearing
axle
5) Looseness of the fixing bolt and 5) Tighten it to specified torque
(abnormal
nut of the driving gear
sound)
When the vehicle turning
1) There has abrasion or damage 1) Adjust or replace the faulted parts
to the axle shaft gear, driving
gear, spider, thrust shim and the
axle shaft bearing and etc
2) Too low oil level 2) Fill up the lubrication
When the vehicle is running:
1) Excessive clearance between 1) Adjust the clearance
the driving and the driven gear
2) Abrasion or damage of the 2) Replace the bearing
Abnormal bearing 3) Make adjustment or replacement
sound of 3) Abrasion or damage of the gear 4) Fill up the lubrication
the rear 4) Too low oil level
axle When running with inertance 1) Adjust the clearance
( improper 1) Too small clearance between
sound) the driving and the driven gear 2) Replace the bearing
2) Abrasion or damage of the 3) Adjust or replace the faulted parts
bearing 4) Fill up the lubrication
3) Incorrect gear engaging position
4) Too low oil level
1. Abrasion, looseness or damage 1. Replace the oil seal
of the oil seal
2. Looseness of the differential 2. Tighten to specified torque and
Leakage of
lock bolt or damage of the replace gasket
the rear
gasket 3. Make trimming and replace the
axle
3. Damage of the differential differential housing if necessary
lubrication
carrieer mating surface 4. Replace the gasket and tighten
Looseness of the oil draining plug or screw plug to specified torque
damage of the gasket
C-10
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
1. The steering system
1) Steering gear housing bolt or 1) Tighten to specified torque
steering column supporting
loose
2) Looseness of the steering 2) Adjust the junction
connection point
3) Excessive clearance of the 3) Adjust the clearance
Steering steering gear housing
wheel 2. The front axle
shimmy 1) Umbalance or abrasion of the 1) Balance all the components and
rim, the spoke and the wheel replace faulted components.
2) Abrasion of the front wheel 2) Replace the bearing
bearing 3) Adjust or replace the faulted parts
3) Excessive abrasion of the king
pin or the bushing 4) Replace the knuckle
4) Deformation of the knuckle 5) Check and adjust the wheel
5) Improper wheel alignment alignment
C-11
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
6) Fatigue of the front leaf spring, 6) Replace the faulted parts
looseness of the "U" -bolt or
damage of the central bolt
1. The steering system
1) Difficulty in the gear 1) Adjust the gear engagement
engagement 2) Overhaul and eliminate trouble
2) Malfunction of power steering
system 3) Adjust or replace the power piston
Failure of
3) Improper contact with the
steering
power piston 4) Replace the spring
wheel return
4) Fatigue of the return spring 5) Check diameter of the slide valve
to center
5) Malfunction of slide valve and the housing and replace them
if necessary
2. The front axle 1) Check and adjust the front wheel
1) Excessive caster angle of the alignment
king pin
1. The alignment of front wheel 1. Check and adjust the front wheel
incorrect alignment
2. There has fatigue and damage 2. Replace the faulted spring
in the front plate spring
3. Bending of the front axle 3. Adjust or replace the front axle
Disalignment
4. Unsmooth of the braking 4. Please refer to the chapter
of the steering
5. Looseness of the front hub "braking"
wheel
bearing nut 5. Tighten to specified torque
6. Inequality of the tire pressure
7. Tires with different dimension 6. Inflate to the given pressure
applied 7. Replace the tire by the correct
type
1. The front axle
1) Incorrectness of the wheel 1) Check and adjust the front wheel
alignment alignment
2) Abrasion or wreckage of the 2) Replace the bearing or tighten nut
hub bearing and looseness of to specified torque.
the bearing nut
Misproportion
3) Over looseness or tightness of 3) Make an adjustment and replace
or untimely
the ball stud, the king pin and the faulted parts as needed
tire wear
the bushing
2. Tire
1) Tire pressure incorrect 1) Supply to the given air pressure
2) Disalignment between the tire 2) Replace the tire or the wheel
and the wheel z
C-12
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
3. Others 1) Correct the driving pattern
Misproportion 1) Breakdown caused by the
or untimely abrupt starting or the emergent 2) Make the loading according to the
tire wear braking specified capacity
2) Overloading
1. Too low oil level 1. Add the lubricant to the given
2. Lubricant deterioration or level
impurity in it 2. Replace the lubricant
3. Abrasion of the steering
junction 3. Replace the ball stud
4. Fault of the power steering 4. Overhaul and eliminate trouble.
system
5. Measure the backpressure and
5. Excessive lubricant resistance repair or replace the pipeline in
Heavy
caused by the pipeline sunken case of the set value exceeded
operation of
6. Measure the oil pressure and the
the steering
6. Too low oil pressure caused flow volume; disassemble and
wheel (the
by the ineffective hydraulic repair the hydraulic pump if the
steering
pump set value belowed
system
7. Bleed air and add oil.
breakdown)
7. There has air in the hydraulic
pipeline 8. Disassemble and repair rotary
8. Malfunction of rotary valve valve.
9. Abrasion or damage of the 9. Disassemble and repair.
power cylinder and damage of
the piston O -ring
10. Too much leakage of the oil 10. Disassmeble and repair steering
inside the steering gear housing.
housing
1. Improper adjustment of the 1. Check and adjust the wheel
wheel alignment (excessive alignment
caster angle)
Heavy 2. Too little clearance between 2. Check and adjust the clearance
operation of the king pin and bushing
the steering 3. Inverse installation of the 3. Adjust the installation
wheel thrust bearing
(breakdown 4. Inadequate lubrication of the 4. Add the grease to the front axle
of the front front axle parts
axle) 5. Over tight or loose connection 5. Check and lubricate the bulb stud
of the bull
6. Too low tire pressure 6. Inflate to the rated pressure
7. Excessive abrasion of the tire 7. Replace the tire
C-13
Common trouble and elimination
There has oil 1. Clogging of the strainer or the 1. Clean the filter strainer or replace
spillage in the filter element the filter element
steering oil 2. There has air in the pipeline 2. Add the oil and make the
tank exhaustion
Braking system
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
1. There has compressed air inside 1. Check and adjust the exhaust valve
the braking chamber of the quick releasing valve
2. Improper lubrication of the 2. Adjust the faulted parts
camshaft or improper return of
the adjusting arm
3. Brake shoe or chamber return 3. Replace the faulted parts
Unsmooth
spring fatigued or broken
of the
4. The spring braking takes effect 4. Eliminate causes of the spring
wheel
braking unreleased
5. Clogging of the exhaust port in 5. Disassemble and clean the faulted
the quick release valve parts
6. Brake valve primary or 6. Disassemble and clean the braking
secondary piston return failure valve and replace the faulted parts
as needed
1. The clincher or the bolt is 1. Replace the friction lining
projected because of abrasion of
the braking friction lining
2. Surface hardening of the 2. Replace the friction lining
friction lining
3. Deterioration of the friction 3. Replace the friction lining
There has
lining 4. Rivet the rivet or tighten bolt
abnormal
4. Improperly contact between the
sound
brake shoe and the friction 5. Adjust or tighten the brake drum
when
lining
troddening
5. Uneven abrasion of the brake 6. Adjust the clearance between the
the brake
drum internal surface or weak brake shoes and tighten the
pedal
installation supporting pin locknut
6. Looseness of the brake shoe 7. Replace the hub bearing
supporting 8. Adjust or replace the brake drum
C-14
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
1. Tire pressure uneven or tire 1. Operate as required
dimension different
2. Improper installation of the 2. Tighten the locknut of the brake
brake shoe or damage of the shoe supporting pin and replace the
return spring return spring
3. Improper engagement of the 3. Adjust the friction lining
braking friction lining
4. Improper adjustment of the left 4. Adjust the brake
and right brake
Unsteady
5. Deterioration of the braking 5. Replace the friction lining
braking
friction lining
6. Oil on the braking friction 6. Clean with the gasoline to
lining eliminate the effect of the leakage
at the hub oil seal, oil cylinder
cover and the rubber cap
7. Damage of the brake backing 7. Replace it
plate 8. Tighten the U-bolt
8. Looseness of the leaf spring
U-bolt
When compressed air pressure is
normal: 1. Check ,and replace the braking
1. Too short of the brake valve valve if necessary
travel
2. The camshaft doesn't rotate (the 2. Check working condition of the
bushing is lack of lubricant) camshaft and replace it as needed
3. Improper adjustment of the 3. Adjust the travel
braking chamber pusher stroke
The
4. Improper sliding contact of the 4. Disassemble and repair
braking
relay valve
can't be
5. Overheat or deterioration of the 5. Replace the friction lining
applied
braking friction lining
under all
6. Improper engagement of the 6. Adjust engagement position of the
conditions
braking friction lining friction lining
7. There has lubricant on the 7. Clean the oil trace with proper
friction lining or the brake drum cleanser or replace the friction
8. Water entering brake drum lining
8. Drying out the water by pressing
the pedal gently during the running
C-15
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
When compressed air pressure is
abnormal: 1. Repair the leakage point
1. There has air leakage inside the
air pipeline 2. Disassemble and repair air
2. The air compressor doesn't compressor
work 3. Adjust or wash
3. The pressure regulator is 4. Disassemble and repair the brake
improper adjusted or failured valve
because of the impurity entering
Air leakage in the brake valve
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
There has 1. The belt is of over loose or
abnormal excessive abrasion with the
sound shaking during the running
Adjust the belt and replace the bearing
during the 2. Bearing failure or oversize
generator clearance
rotates 3. Too much bearing clearance
The 1. The battery is lack of power 1. Charge the battery
charging
indicator 2. The generator is damaged 2. Replace the generator
light
doesn't go 3. Charging indicator lamp loop 3. Check the circuit
off during short
the running 4. Adjust the belt
and the 4. The belt is slipping
vehicle is
difficult to
start
The battery 1. The battery is damaged 1. Replace the battery
is lack of
power 2. The generator is damaged 2. Replace the generator
excessively
and 3. The belt is slipping 3. Adjust the belt
incapable
of charging
at low
speed
C-16
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
1. The battery has no power, or is 1. Charge and clean the joint and
lack of power or terminal loose screw it
2. Poor contact of the starter
switch, short circuit of the 2. Repair or replace it
connector lug or bad of the
solenoid
Difficult in
3. Starter pinion is clogged in the 3. Repair or replace it
starting
flywheel ring gear. Found out the reason and eliminate it
Furthermore, engine bearing is
burnt ,water on external of the
combustion chamber and the
consumption frozen may also
caused the breakdown
1. Poor contact of the ignition 1. Clean and tighten
switch or socket loose
Starting 2. Unsteady connection of the 2. tighten it
gear of the relay device or the solenoid
starter can switch 3. Replace it
not engage 3. Turnoff of the starter solenoid 4. Repair the teeth or replace it
with the switch
flywheel 4. Damage of the starting gear or 5. Found out the reason and eliminate
teeth the gear ring of starter it
5. Malfunction of engage switch 6. Replace it
6. Starter armature shaft bent
1. Starter starting gear sleeve too 1. Replace the shaft sleeve or clean
tight or stuck and amend it
Starting 2. Too little clearance between the 2. Adjust the clearance or replace the
gear of the starting gear and the flywheel starting gear
starter can ring gear or the starter gear
not damage 3. Clean it
disengage 3. Magnetic coil dirty 4. Clean and adjust it
completely 4. Clogging of the transmission
fork shaft 5. Replace it
5. Locking of the engage switch
C-17
Common trouble and elimination
C-18
Common trouble and elimination
C-19
Common trouble and elimination
C-20
Common trouble and elimination
Fault
Possible cause Eliminating method
symptom
1. compressor clutch connecting cable 1. reconnect the cable;
not connected well; 2. change the clutch or repair;
2. clutch damaged; 3. refer to the above-mentioned items;
compressor
3. malfunction lamp light up;
not working
4. refrigerant light not lighting up;
5. relay out of work;
6. no harness connection to the battery;
1. relay not working; 1. change relay or repair or connect the
2. battery no charge; relay connecting cable;
3. battery cable confected; 2. change the battery or recharge;
4. air blower harness not connected 3. reconnect the battery cable;
evaporator well; 4. change the fuse;
blower not 5. harness connection not good; 5. reconnect the harness;
working 6. venting blower cable not connecting 6. reconnect the blower motor connecting
well; cable;
7. air blower or blower speed 7. change the air blower or change the
adjustable resistor failure; resistor for repair;
8. control panel out of work; 8. change the control panel or repair
C-20
Appendix
A-1
Appendix
A-2
Appendix
Torques N.m*(ft-lb)
Dimension of bolt
8.8 10.9 12.9
M4 3(2) 5(3) 5(4)
M5 6(4) 9(7) 10(7)
M6 10(7) 15(11) 18(13)
M8 25(18) 35(26) 45(33)
M10 50(37) 75(55) 83(61)
M12 88(65) 123(91) 147(108)
M14 137(101) 196(145) 235(173)
M16 211(156) 300(221) 358(264)
M18 290(213) 412(303) 490(361)
M20 412(304) 578(426) 696(513)
M22 560(413) 785(559) 942(695)
M24 711(524) 1000(738) 1200(885)
M27 1050(774) 1480(1092) 1774(1308)
M30 1420(1047) 2010(1482) 2400(1770)
Torques for bolts with metric fine threads
Torques N.m*(ft-lb)
Dimension of bolt
8.8 10.9 12.9
M8×1 26(19) 37(27) 48(35)
M10×1.25 52(38) 76(56) 88(65)
M12×1.25 98(72) 137(101) 126(119)
M12×1.5 93(69) 127(94) 152(112)
M14×1.5 152(112) 216(159) 255(188)
M16×1.5 225(166) 318(235) 383(282)
M18×1.5 324(239) 466(344) 554(409)
M20×1.5 461(340) 628(463) 775(572)
M22×1.5 618(456) 863(636) 1058(780)
M24×2 780(575) 1096(808) 1294(954)
M27×2 1147(846) 1578(1164) 1920(1416)
M30×2 1568(1156) 2254(1662) 2695(1988)
The torque values allow bolt yield strength up to 90%, assuming a friction coefficient of μ
A-3
Appendix
Explanation :1) Diesel engine oil--API CF -4/SG ,15W/40 , be used upwards -10℃
10W API CF – 4/SG be used between -5℃~-20℃
5W/30 API CF – 4/SG be used upwards -25℃
2) Gear oil – could be used between -20℃~50℃
Fulfill standard: General Allison C-3. When ambient temperature is low than 10°C, please apply
DEXRON-II hydraulic fluid to steering gear; when ambient temperature is higher than 10°C, please apply
C-3/10W hydraulic fluid. C-3/10W grade oil can be used in most area all-year generally. C-3/30 grade oil
can be used in moderate temperature area all-year generally.
3 Others
A-3
Appendix
Air braking schematic diagram
A-8
Appendix
A-8
Appendix
A-9
Appendix
A-10
Appendix
A-11