Designation: F 1545 – 97 An American National Standard

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Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

Standard Specification for

Plastic-Lined Ferrous Metal Pipe, Fittings, and Flanges1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope TABLE 1 Specification Coverage

1.1 This specification covers factory-made plastic-lined fer- Material ANSI Class Nominal Pipe Size, in.
(mm)
rous metal pipe, fittings, and flanges intended primarily for
Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene 150/300 1 to 10 (25 to 254)
conveying corrosive fluids. Requirements for materials, work- Copolymer (ETFE)
manship, dimensions, design, fabrication, working pressure Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane) 150/300 ⁄ to 12 (13 to 305)
12

and temperatures, test methods, qualification requirements, and Copolymer (PFA)

Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene) 150/300 1 to 12 (25 to 305)
markings are included. Copolymer (FEP)
1.1.1 This specification does not define the suitability of Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC) 125/150/300 1 to 8 (25 to 203)
different liner materials to various chemical and operating Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) 150/300 1 to 10 (25 to 254)
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) 150/300 1 to 10 (25 to 254)
environments. Refer to the manufacturer’s chemical resistance Copolymer (PVDF)
data for suitability recommendations. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 150/300 ⁄ to 24 (13 to 610)
12

1.1.2 This specification does not include products coated Propylene and Polypropylene (PP) 125/150/300 ⁄ to 16 (13 to 406)
12

with plastics.
1.2 This specification covers plastic-lined pipe, flanges, and TABLE 2 Temperature Specifications
fittings as listed in Table 1. Pressure limitations shall be in Material Temperature Range, °F (°C)
accordance with ANSI/ASME B16 Standards, except reduced Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE) −20 to 300 (−29 to 149)
pressure limitations may be established by the manufacturer, Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane) Copolymer (PFA) −20 to 500 (−29 to 260)
considering both pressure and temperature limitations of the Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene) Copolymer (FEP) −20 to 300 (−29 to 149)
Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC)A 0 to 175 (−18 to 79)
ferrous metal housing and the sealing ability of the liner. Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) 0 to 275 (−18 to 135)
NOTE 1—In this specification, propylene plastics cover those materials Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Copolymer (PVDF) −20 to 275 (−29 to 135)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) −20 to 500 (−29 to 260)
defined as both polypropylene plastics and propylene plastics in Termi- Propylene and Polypropylene (PP) 0 to 225 (−18 to 107)
nology F 412. Both materials are identified as “PP” on the product. Note A
that this is at variance with Terminology D 1600, where “PP” is the Storage or handling below 20°F (−7°C) of uninstalled 4, 6, and 8-in.
components should be avoided.
abbreviation for polypropylene.
1.3 The plastic-lined flanged pipe and fitting assemblies are
limited to temperatures shown in Table 2. End users should responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
consult with manufacturers as to the likely result of using a priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
particular lined piping component at temperatures below the bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rated minimum. 2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 2—The temperature limitations are based on noncorrosive test 2.1 ASTM Standards:
conditions. Use in specific aggressive environments may alter temperature A 48 Specification for Gray Iron Castings2
limitations. In such instances, specific temperature limits shall be estab-
lished by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
A 53 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,
Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless3
A 105 Specification for Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Components3
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
A 106 Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for
for information only.
High-Temperature Service3
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
A 126 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Flanges, and Pipe Fittings2
A 135 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel
1
Pipe3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.11 on
Composites.
2
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published August 1998. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
3
published as F 1545 – 95. Last previous edition F 1545 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.

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 F 1545
TABLE 3 Polymer Standard SpecificationsA
Lining Material—Resin Type Standard Resin Allowable Resin Standard Liner Color Maximum Filler Material (by
Specification Classification weight)
Polypropylene (PP) ASTM D 4101 Type I and II orange <30 % glass fiber
Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC) ASTM D 729 gray <20 % glass fiber
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) ASTM D 3222 black
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Copolymer (PVDF) ASTM D 5575 black
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ASTM D 1457 white
ASTM D 4894
ASTM D 4895
Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene) Copolymer (FEP) ASTM D 2116 Type III green
Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane) Copolymer (PFA) ASTM D 3307 Type II natural
Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE) ASTM D 3159 Type I natural
A
A maximum of 1 % by weight of additives or colorants, or both, is permissible. Colorants, if used, shall be identified in the manufacturer’s specification. Clean, reworked
resins may be used provided all mechanical property requirements are maintained. Only virgin PTFE resin may be used.

A 182/A 182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy- D 3307 Specification for PFA-Fluorocarbon Molding and
Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts Extrusion Materials5
for High-Temperature Service3 D 4101 Specification for Propylene Plastic Injection and
A 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Extrusion Materials5
Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Ser- D 4894 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
vice3 Granular Molding and Ram Extrusion Materials6
A 234/A 234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought D 4895 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and Elevated Resins Produced from Dispersion6
Temperatures3 D 5575 Specification for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluo-
A 278 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure- ride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers6
Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650°F2 F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems7
A 312/A 312M Specification for Seamless and Welded Aus- 2.2 ANSI/ASME Standards:
tenitic Stainless Steel Pipes3 B 16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges Flanged Fittings8
A 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings8
Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), for Pressure-Containing B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt Welding Fittings8
Parts3 B 16.28 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows
A 395 Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure- and Returns
Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures2 B 16.42 Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings—
A 403/A 403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stain- Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code8
less Steel Piping Fittings3 2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) Stan-
A 513 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon dard:
and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing3 MSS SP-43 Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings9
A 536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings2
A 587 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Low- 3. Terminology
Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical Industry3 3.1 General—The definitions used are in accordance with
D 729 Specification for Vinylidene Chloride Molding Com- Terminologies F 412 and D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.
pounds4
D 792 Test Method for Specific Gravity (Relative Density) 4. Materials
and Density of Plastics by Displacement4 4.1 Lining:
D 1457 Specification for PTFE Molding and Extrusion 4.1.1 Material—The lining shall be made from a resin
Materials4 conforming to one of the requirements in Table 3.
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density- 4.1.2 Mechanical Properties—The minimum tensile
Gradient Technique4 strength and minimum elongation at break when tested in
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to accordance with the specifications outlined in 4.1.1 shall
Plastics4 conform to Table 4, except the test specimens shall be obtained
D 2116 Specification for FEP-Fluorocarbon Molding and from extruded or molded liners. Sample orientation is not
Extrusion Materials4 critical except for PTFE liners made using the paste extrusion
D 3159 Specification for Modified ETFE-Fluoropolymer process. For paste-extruded PTFE liners, test specimens with
Molding and Extrusion Materials5
D 3222 Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene
Fluoride) (PVDF) Molding, Extrusion, and Coating Mate- 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
rials5 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
8
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th St.,
New York, NY 10017.
4 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02. Industry, Inc., 127 Park St. N.E., Vienna, VA 22180.

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 F 1545
TABLE 4 Polymer Mechanical Properties seamless steel, Schedule 40 or 80, except Schedule 30 pipe
Lining Material—Resin Type Minimum Tensile Minimum may be used in 8, 10, and 12-in. nominal size. Schedule 20 or
Strength at Elongation at standard wall may be used in nominal sizes 12 in. and larger.
Break, psi (MPa) Break, %
4.2.2 Finish—The interior surfaces of all housings shall be
Polypropylene (PP) Type I 4000 (27.6)A 10A
Polypropylene (PP) Type II 3000 (20.7)A 10A
clean and free of mold burrs, rust, scale, or other protrusions,
Polypropylene (PP) 30 % Glass 2500 (17.3)A 2A which may adversely affect the integrity or performance of the
Filled lining.
Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC) 1500 (10.3)A 2A
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) 4500 (31.0) 10
4.2.3 General—All pipe and fitting end connections shall be
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) 4000 (27.6) 300 manufactured to provide a minimum 1⁄8-in. radius or chamfer in
Copolymer (PVDF) the transition from pipe wall to flange or lap face. This radius
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 3000 (20.7) 250
Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene) 3000 (20.7) 250
or chamfer is required to reduce stress concentrations in the
Copolymer plastic liner as it is flared or molded over the flange face or stub
(FEP) end. For PTFE-lined pipe and fittings, a 1⁄8-in. minimum radius
Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane) 3800 (26.2) 300
Copolymer (PFA) must be provided. A perforated metal collar which seats over
Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene 6500 (44.8) 275 the flange chamfer may be used to provide this required radius.
Copolymer 4.2.4 Dimensional—Flanges and fittings used for plastic-
(ETFE)
A
lined pipe shall conform dimensionally (Note 3) to the follow-
Minimum tensile strength and elongation at yield.
ing industry ferrous flange and fitting dimensional standards:
Metallurgy Specification
their major axis cut longitudinally shall meet the mechanical Steel ANSI B 16.5
property criteria listed in Table 4, and specimens cut circum- Ductile iron ANSI B 16.42
Cast iron ANS B 16.1
ferentially shall have a minimum tensile strength at break of
2500 psi (17.3 MPa) and a minimum elongation of 200 %. NOTE 3—Center-to-face dimensions include the plastic lining.
4.1.3 Specific Gravity—Specific gravity for polytetrafluoro- 4.2.5 Welding—All metal welding shall be done by welders
ethylene (PTFE) resins, when tested in accordance with Test or welding operators using welding procedures qualified under
Methods D 792 or D 1505, shall be as follows: the provisions of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Lining Material, Resin Type Specific Gravity (Section IX).
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Types I and 2.14 to 2.19
IV
5. Requirements
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Type III 2.13 to 2.21 5.1 Dimensions:
4.2 Ferrous Pipe and Fittings: 5.1.1 Housing—Housing installation dimensions are as re-
4.2.1 Mechanical Properties—The mechanical properties of quired in the applicable material specification in accordance
the pipes and fittings shall conform to the appropriate specifi- with 4.2.4.
cations listed in Table 5, except as they are influenced by 5.1.2 Plastic Wall Thickness—Pipe and fitting liners shall
accepted methods of processing in the industry (for example, have a minimum wall thickness and face thickness in accor-
Van Stone flaring, bending, swaging, welding, and threading). dance with Table 6.
The carbon steel pipe and wrought fittings shall be welded or 5.1.3 Lining Flare Diameter—The outside diameter of the
flare covering the gasket portion of the flange or the full face
TABLE 5 Approved Ferrous Metal Flange and Fitting Material of the lap-joint stub end shall not be less than the diameter
Standards (ASTM) specified in Table 7. The flared portion of the lining shall be
Lining Material Pipe Flange Fitting concentric with the flared portion of the pipe within 1⁄16 in. (1.6
Specifications Specifications Specifications mm).
PVDF, PTFE, FEP, ETFE, A 53 A 105 A 105 5.1.4 Tolerances—Tolerances for pipe, flanges, and fittings
and PFA A 106 shall be in accordance with Table 8. Bolt holes in both flanges
A 135 A 182 A 182
A 312 A 216 A 216
on a fixed flange spool shall straddle the same center line to
A 513 A 395 A 234 facilitate alignment. Finished lined (plastic flare to plastic flare)
A 587 A 536 (60-40-18) A 351 fabricated fittings shall conform to the nominal center-to-face
A 395
A 403
dimensions as specified in ANSI B 16.1, B 16.42, or B 16.5
A 536 (60-40-18) with the applicable tolerances.
PP and PVDC A 53 A 105 A 48 5.2 Flange Construction:
A 106 A 105 5.2.1 Threaded flanges shall be secured in position to
A 135 A 182 A 126 prevent inadvertent turning of the flange.
A 312 A 216
A 513 A 395 A 182 5.2.2 Socket-type flanges, except threaded, shall be fully
A 587 A 536 A 216 back-welded to the pipe housing and the inside surfaces of the
A 234 socket flanges shall be ground smooth.
A 278
A 351 5.2.3 Slip-on flanges shall be fully back-welded.
A 395
A 403 NOTE 4—No welding shall be done on lined components in the field.
A 536
5.2.4 Modified slip-on flanges used as lap-joint flanges may
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TABLE 6 Minimum Liner Wall Thickness, in. (mm)A
Size, in. Liner Material
PTFE PVDF PP PFA FEP PVDC ETFE
1 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
1 1⁄2 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
2 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
2 1⁄2 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
3 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
4 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
6 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
8 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
10 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) ... ...
12 0.125 (3.18) ... 0.125 (3.18) ... 0.100 (2.54) ... ...
14 0.125 (3.18) ... ... ... ... ... ...
16 0.125 (3.18) ... ... ... ... ... ...
18 0.125 (3.18) ... ... ... ... ... ...
20 0.150 (3.81) ... ... ... ... ... ...
24 0.150 (3.81) ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
Minimum liner face thickness shall be 80 % of minimum liner wall thickness.

TABLE 7 Lining Flare Diameter NOTE 5—One or more holes in the housing, or a helical groove system
Nominal Pipe Size, in. Minimum Flare Diameter, in. (mm) inside the housing, that connects flange vents, has provided adequate
venting.
⁄
12 11⁄4 (31.8)
⁄
34 19⁄16 (39.7) NOTE 6—Venting is not required with PVDF, PP, ETFE, or PVDC
1 17⁄8(47.6) liners.
11⁄2 211⁄16 (68.3)
2 37⁄16(87.3) 5.4 Workmanship:
3 45⁄8 (117.5) 5.4.1 Pipe and fittings shall show no evidence of pinholes,
4 515⁄16 (150.8) porosity, or cracks when inspected in accordance with 5.5.2.
6 8 (203.2)
8 101⁄16 (255.6) The linings shall fit snugly inside the pipe and fitting housings.
10 121⁄4 (311.2) Any bulges or other obvious indications of poor contact with
12 143⁄8 (365.1) the housing shall be cause for rejection.
14 151⁄2 (393.7)
16 173⁄4 (450.9) 5.4.2 The gasket seating surface of the lining shall be free of
18 201⁄4 (514.4) surface defects that could impair sealing effectiveness.
20 221⁄4 (565.2) Scratches, dents, nicks, or tool marks on the seating surface
24 261⁄4 (666.8)
shall not be deeper than 10 % of the face thickness.
5.5 Performance:
TABLE 8 Tolerances for Pipe, Flanges, and Fittings, in. (mm) 5.5.1 Qualification—Lined pipe and fittings must be ca-
Pipe Length 61⁄8 (63.2) pable of meeting the qualification requirements specified in
Fixed flange bolt hole alignment 61⁄16 (61.6) Section 6.
Flange perpendicularity (with pipe 3⁄32 in./ft (7.8 mm/m) of diameter

centerline) 5.5.2 Inspection—Each spool and fitting, prior to shipment,

Flanges: shall be hydrostatically or electrostatically tested in accordance
All dimensions see ANSI B 16.42 or ANSI B 16.5 with Section 7 and shall subsequently be inspected visually to
Fittings:
All dimensions see ANSI B 16.1, B 16.5 or B 16.42 verify conformance to the requirements of 5.4.

be used with flared laps formed by flaring the pipe. The 6. Test Methods
backing flange for the flared metallic lap shall have a 1⁄8-in. 6.1 High-Temperature Test:
bevel or 1⁄8-in. corner radius at the bore to provide clearance for 6.1.1 Cycle representative production samples of lined pipe
the fillet of the flared lap. The outside diameter of the flared lap and fittings in an oven from room temperature to the test
shall be in accordance with the dimension of an ANSI B 16.9 temperature of the liner type (Table 9) to determine the ability
lap-joint stub end. of the lined components to withstand heat aging and tempera-
5.2.5 Lap-joint (or Van Stone) flanged ends may be manu- ture cycling. Test a minimum of two pipe spools, tees, and 90°
factured by standard forming techniques or by using fully elbows in each size.
welded Type A MSS SP-43 or ANSI B 16.9 lap-joint stub ends. 6.1.2 Procedure—Install companion flanges at the manufac-
Van Stone flares shall have a fillet radius compatible with the turer’s recommended torque value, and affix a thermocouple in
corner radius of the mating flange and shall not contain any the ferrous housing to measure the temperature. Pipe spools
cracks or buckles. Van Stone flares and stub ends shall have a shall be at least 3 ft (1 m) long. After 3 h in an oven at the test
radius to provide a smooth transition for the plastic flare. Only
lap joint flanges in accordance with ANSI B 16.42 and B 16.5
TABLE 9 Test Temperatures, °F (°C)
shall be used.
5.3 Venting—Each pipe and fitting shall be provided with a PVDC PP PVDF FEP PTFE PFA ETFE

venting system that will release any pressure between the liner 175 6 5 225 6 5 275 6 5 300 6 5 500 6 5 500 6 5 300 6 5
(79 6 3) (107 6 3) (135 6 3) (149 6 3) (260 6 3) (260 6 3) (149 6 3)
and the housing.
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temperature (Table 9) as indicated by the thermocouple, air steam vapors by the liner and subsequent condensation in the liner. The
cool the lined components to 122°F (50°C) maximum. Repeat blisters do not adversely affect liner performance.
this test for a total of three cycles. 6.3.4 Subject the lined pipes or fittings to either the hydro-
6.1.3 Inspection—Inspect lined pipe and fittings after each static test described in Section 7 or, after drying, to the
cycle for distortion or cracks in the lining. At the completion of electrostatic test described in Section 7.
the third cycle, subject tested specimens to the hydrostatic or 6.4 Vacuum Testing:
electrostatic test described in Section 7. 6.4.1 Test representative samples of lined pipe and fittings
6.2 Low-Temperature Test: to determine the vacuum ratings of the lined components. Test
6.2.1 After the high-temperature test, subject the same parts a minimum of two pipe spools, tees, and 90° elbows in each
used for 6.1 to a cold test at 0°F (−18°C) for a minimum of 48 size. Conduct tests at room temperature, at the manufacturer’s
h. New parts may also be used. maximum recommended service temperature, and at one inter-
6.2.2 Procedure—Install companion flanges at the manufac- mediate temperature level. Full vacuum is defined as 29.6 in.
turer’s recommended torque value, and affix a thermocouple to Hg corrected to sea level.
the ferrous housing to measure the temperature. Pipe spools
NOTE 8—Vacuum temperature ratings for pipe and fittings are pub-
shall be at least 3 ft (1 m) long. After 48 h at or below 0°F lished in the manufacturer’s literature.
(−18°C), as indicated by the thermocouple, allow the parts to NOTE 9—The vacuum test is performed on pipe and fittings that have
warm to a minimum of 60°F (16°C). not been exposed to prior service. Use in specific environments may alter
6.2.3 Inspection—Inspect lined pipe and fittings for distor- the vacuum-temperature ratings.
tion or cracks in the lining. Subject tested specimens in the 6.4.2 Procedure—For pipe spools, specimen lengths shall
hydrostatic or electrostatic test described in Section 7. be at least 10 pipe diameters. Install a flange incorporating a
6.3 Steam-Cold Water Cycling Test: sight glass at one end and a flange suitable for drawing a
6.3.1 Subject representative production samples of lined vacuum at the other end. Affix a thermocouple to the ferrous
pipe and fittings to steam-cold water cycling to determine the housing to measure the temperature. Heat the specimens
ability of the lined components to withstand rapid temperature uniformly externally with the sight glass end visible. Begin the
changes. Test a minimum of two pipe spools, tees, and 90° test after the desired ferrous housing temperature has been
elbows in each size. reached. Hold a selected initial vacuum level for 8 h, and if no
6.3.2 Procedure—Assemble lined pipe and fittings with failure occurs, increase the vacuum by 5 in. Hg. Repeat this
suitable flanges having provision for the introduction of steam every 8 h until failure or full vacuum is reached. Failure is
air, cold water, and for drainage. Install the flange using the defined as any buckling or collapse of the liner. If failure
manufacturer’s recommended torque value. Pipe spool length occurs at the initial vacuum level selected, test a new test
shall be 10 ft (3 m) minimum. Mount the sample in such a specimen at a lower vacuum level to determine the failure
manner as to permit complete drainage and venting. Then threshold. The vacuum failure threshold is defined as 1 in. Hg
subject the sample to 100 consecutive steam-cold-water cycles, below that at which failure occurs.
each consisting of the following in the sequence given:
6.3.2.1 Circulate gage saturated steam at the pressure listed NOTE 10—The external pressure method to simulate higher than full
in Table 10 through the sample until the ferrous housing skin vacuum can be used to establish the failure threshold when full vacuum is
achieved. With the use of pressure taps, a pressure is applied between the
temperature adjacent to the flange at the outlet end of the plastic liner outside diameter and the pipe inside diameter.
sample has not changed more than 5°F (3°C) in 10 min.
6.3.2.2 Close off the steam. 6.4.3 The vacuum rating shall be 80 % of the failure
6.3.2.3 Circulate water at a maximum temperature of 77°F threshold value.
(25°C). Circulate the cooling water until the ferrous housing 6.4.4 At the test completion and after establishing the
skin temperature adjacent to the flange at the outlet end of the vacuum rating, place a duplicate specimen in an oven at the test
sample measures 122°F (50°C) or lower. temperature. Apply the rated vacuum to the specimen after the
6.3.2.4 Vent and introduce air to purge the sample for a desired skin temperature has been reached. Achieve the rated
minimum of 1 min making certain that it is completely drained vacuum within 2 min and apply continuously for 48 h. If no
of water. liner buckling or collapse occurs, the rated vacuum shall be
6.3.3 Inspection—There shall be no evidence of leakage considered acceptable.
from the venting system or from behind the plastic faces during 6.5 Retest—When a test specimen fails to meet the require-
the 100 cycles. At the completion of the test, the liner shall ments of either 6.1.3, 6.2.3, 6.3.3, 6.3.4, 6.4.2, or 6.4.4, correct
exhibit no buckling or cracking. On PFA, PTFE, and FEP, the cause of failure and repeat the specified test.
formation of water blisters shall not be cause for rejection.
7. Inspection Tests
NOTE 7—These surface blisters are formed due to absorption of the
7.1 Hydrostatic Pressure Test—The internal test pressure
TABLE 10 Steam Test Pressures, psig (kPa) shall be 250 psi (1.7 MPa) minimum for Class 125 (0.9-MPa)
PVDC PP PVDF FEP PTFE PFA ETFE components and 425 psi (2.9 MPa) minimum for Class 150
A
461 30 6 2 506 3 125 6 5 125 6 5 50 6 3
(1.0-MPa) and Class 300 (2.1-MPa) components. Conduct the
(28 6 7) (207 6 15) (300 6 20) (862 6 35) (862 6 35) (300 6 20) test at ambient temperature. Completely fill the pipe and fitting
A
The thermocycling test for PVDC lined pipe and fittings should be run using with clean water and bleed the system free of all air prior to the
water at 175 6 5°F (79 6 3°C). application of pressure. Reach full test pressure within 1 min
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and maintain for a further 3 min. Observe the pressure gage 9.3.1 Nominal pipe size,
throughout the test for any evidence of leakage, which shall be 9.3.2 Liner material identification,
cause for rejection. 9.3.3 Manufacturer’s name (or trademark),
7.2 Electrostatic Test—Conduct the test with a nondestruc-
tive high-voltage tester at an output voltage of 10 kV. A visible 9.3.4 Length (on pipe only), and
or audible spark, or both, that occurs at the probe when 9.3.5 ASTM designation.
electrical contact is made with the housing because of a defect 9.4 Other information such as order numbers, part numbers,
in the liner shall be cause for rejection. item numbers, etc. shall be provided at the request of the
purchaser.
8. Finish
9.5 Pipe liner identification shall be provided on a band
8.1 The outside surface of all lined pipe and fittings, other
utilizing raised letters. The band shall typically be located near
than stainless steel, shall be coated with a corrosion-resistant
the flange.
primer over a properly prepared surface.
9. Marking 10. Packaging
9.1 Quality Assurance—When the product is marked with 10.1 The gasket face of each spool shall be protected by end
this ASTM designation, it affirms that the product was manu- plates or other suitable protective means.
factured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this 10.2 Fittings shall have the same protective covers on the
specification and has been found to meet the requirements of gasket faces unless protected by other means, such as indi-
this specification. vidual boxing.
9.2 Quality of Marking—The markings shall be applied to
the pipe in such a manner that it remains legible (easily read)
11. Keywords
after installation and inspection have been completed.
9.3 The pipe and fittings shall be marked with the following 11.1 plastic-lined ferrous metal fittings; plastic-lined ferrous
information: metal flanges; plastic-lined ferrous metal pipe

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