The document provides a detailed overview of Philippine history and culture, including:
1) A description of pre-colonial Philippine society, including social classes like datus and alipin, as well as aspects of daily life like clothing, housing, and religious beliefs.
2) Information on early Philippine languages, writing systems, and literature from sources like the Alibata and copper plate inscriptions.
3) A summary of the archipelago's geographical setting in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of the islands, physical features, and origin theories involving sunken continents.
The document provides a detailed overview of Philippine history and culture, including:
1) A description of pre-colonial Philippine society, including social classes like datus and alipin, as well as aspects of daily life like clothing, housing, and religious beliefs.
2) Information on early Philippine languages, writing systems, and literature from sources like the Alibata and copper plate inscriptions.
3) A summary of the archipelago's geographical setting in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of the islands, physical features, and origin theories involving sunken continents.
The document provides a detailed overview of Philippine history and culture, including:
1) A description of pre-colonial Philippine society, including social classes like datus and alipin, as well as aspects of daily life like clothing, housing, and religious beliefs.
2) Information on early Philippine languages, writing systems, and literature from sources like the Alibata and copper plate inscriptions.
3) A summary of the archipelago's geographical setting in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of the islands, physical features, and origin theories involving sunken continents.
The document provides a detailed overview of Philippine history and culture, including:
1) A description of pre-colonial Philippine society, including social classes like datus and alipin, as well as aspects of daily life like clothing, housing, and religious beliefs.
2) Information on early Philippine languages, writing systems, and literature from sources like the Alibata and copper plate inscriptions.
3) A summary of the archipelago's geographical setting in Southeast Asia, with descriptions of the islands, physical features, and origin theories involving sunken continents.
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HISTORY ITSTORY Non-collared shirt – red : datu,
blue or black : lower classes
HISTORIA Sources o Bahag INQUIRY and INVESTIGATION Written – Common and Sequential record of events from Uncommon human past o Putong Unwritten – remains, artifacts, HISTORY (types) and oral traditions Headgear – red : killed a one WRITTEN HISTORY o Primary Sources person in a war, embroidered : ORAL HISTORY Based on the actual event killed several people (7) Historian Eyewitness account Women Objective History Autobiography and records of o Baro THUCYDIDES persons involved in an event o Saya - Tagalog o It is an inquiry and investigation Remains and artifacts o Patadyong – Visayan to past events o Secondary Sources o Tapis o “Takes no side and honest only Based on primary sources o pusod to truth and real events” verify its authenticity Body Ornaments o Witness Pag-aaral sa Kasaysayan ng o Jewelry LEOPOLD VON RANKE Pilipinas mababatid lamang sa Kalumbiga – armlets o Gives no importance to the pamamagitan ng mga labi (buto at Aretes – earrings Historian’s own perspective and bungo) at artipakto (kagamitan at o Human Body interpretation of the events kasangkapan) Pintado o “Father of Scientific History” Taong Tabon – unang tao sa Pilipinas Vanity Modern History nabuhay sa Panahon ng Lumang War Record Objective History does not exist Bato may sinaunang sistema ng House BENEDETTO CROCE pagsulat Wood, Bamboo, and Nipa Palm o CHRONOLOGY – Sequential Chinese Annals – pinagmulan ng Built separately record of events from human ilang tala hinggil sa sinaunang Removable stairs past Pilipinas Batalan – Bathroom o Historian’s own perspective and Room – stockroom of household interpretation of the events Pre-Colonial Philippines things RENATO CONSTANTINO Matong – big storage for rice Clothing SAYSAY Silong Men HISTORY Social Classes o Kanggan HERSTORY Datu – Gat or Lakan (Gat Maitan o Canonay – Panay Community Lakan Dula) Mother of Rajah Matanda Balangay – 30 – 100 families Mahadlika or maharlika Uray – granddaughter of Rajah Law – trial by ordeal Timawa Katunaw or Sikatuna of Bohol Bultong Alipin U – Leader, Ray o Raya – Alaw o Namamahay – with own family Kingdom Umaluhokan o Saguigilid – no personal Ladyangbata at Siyangpuno – Council of Elders o Agorang properties granddaughters of Rajah Matanda Religious beliefs Babaylan (Bisaya) o Catalonan Immortality of the soul (In Vizayas) (Tagalog) Life after death o Tumataban – served when Courting and marriage Animism needed LOVE Bathala o Tumarampuk – served for a day Arranged Marriage o Idiyanale – agriculture o Ayuey – served for three days o Dowry or Dote – bigay kaya o Sidapa – death Classes of Alipin o Panghimuyat – payment for the o Agni – fire… Ganap na alipin – both parents are parents for nursing all day, o Tigmamanukin and Crow alipin morning and evening o Crocodile and Old Trees Kalahating alipin – one parent is a o Bigay-suso – payment for the o Anitos – Tagalog alipin, the other is maharlika nanny for breastfeeding o Diwata – Visayan Mala-alipin – one parent is o Himaraw – payment for the Languages Kalahating alipin, the other is mother for breastfeeding Austronesian – origin maharlika Stages of Marriage Malayo-Polynesian – modern Women Status o Tawaran origin Equality for men and women o Pamumulungan o pamamalae o Similarities of words and Women can hold positions as high Mixed Marriage meaning… as datu o Mother – alipin, Father – Alibata – a Sanskrit or Arabic Regio Feminarium – Kingdom of mahadlika provenance Women o Gansal o nones (odd) – sa ama o 17 characters (3 vowels, 14 Prinsesa Urduja – great ruler, o Pares (even) – sa ina consonants) intelligent, able to speak many o Bugtong – kalahating alipin, COPPER PLATE language kalahating mahadlika Literature Reyna Sima – Cotabato o Gansal ang dulo – kalahating Sawikain – saying Reyna Maniwantiwan – Panay alipin, kalahating mahadlika ang Bugtong – riddle Reyna Maniwantiwan – Panay huli Musika o 462 islands (exceeded the size Mt. Mayon, Mt. Pinatubo, Taal Sayaw of 1km sq.) Volcano… Luzon o Valley Geographical Setting Mindanao o Plateau Philippines Samar o River Systems Archipelago – 7,107 Islands (+/-) Negros Luzon Asia Palawan Rio Grande de Cagayan Southeast Asia Panay Agno Grande Northern Hemisphere Mindoro Abra River System Between Equator and Tropic of Cebu Rio Grande de Pampanga Cancer (4°23’ at 21°25’ – north Bohol Mindanao latitude) (116° at 127° – east Size Rio Grande de Mindanao longitude) o 300, 000 km sq. (waters not Agusan River System Insular or Maritime – surrounded included) o Coastline (Bay) by bodies of water o Elongated and fragmented o Lake Boundaries o 1, 857 km (north – south) Laguna de Bay – largest o 1, 107 km (west – east) Lake Buhi and Lake Bato o 1, 800, 000 km sq. (total size) sinarapan (tabyos) Physical Features o Falls o Mountain Systems o Hot Springs Luzon o Strait Caraballo del Sur Origin Caraballos Occidentales o Pacific Theory Neighboring Countries Sierra Madre Philippines has been formed Visayas when one huge continent in Negros Range the Pacific submerged Panay Range Lemuria o Mu Mindanao Philippines, Celebes, Surigao Range Moluccas, Java, Borneo, Butuan Range Hawaii, Samoa, and other Central Western Range islands in the Pacific Islands Western Range o Theory of Volcanism o 7, 107 islands (big and small) o Volcanoes and Earthquakes Philippines has been formed through the eruption of the volcanoes under water, molten The Filipino First Sultan of Mindanao rocks exploded upward, island Mixture of races Relations with the Orang were formed, cooled and Believed to belong in Malay Race!? Dampuans resided. Blend of East and West characters o Southern Annam Circum Pacific Chain of Negroid, Mongoloid, Caucasoid… o Orang Dampuan (Men from Fire/Circum Pacific Belt/Pacific (Australoid) Champa) – not politically minded Ring of Fire Regional Traits and had no intention of o Theory of Diastrophism Ilokano (Samtoy) – frugal dominating the people of Sulu Philippines has been formed Tagalog – superior o Buranun – natives of Sulu through tectonic activity, the Bicolano – equanimity Angered and jealous, force inside the earth which Visayan – hedonist massacred some Orang cause its movement and the Muslim – lover of freedom Dampuans which in turn movement of its crust. Peopling of the Philippines revenge and went home Faulting (defect in land) Professor H. Otley Beyer Relations with Banjarmasin Folding (formation of o Product of migration of Malayan o Northern Borneo, Banjarmasin, highlands) Culture Brunei o Theory of Diastrophism F. Landa Jocano Regular trade relations Diastrophism is the folding and o Product of own origin as proved between Buranuns and Banjars faulting of earth’s crust by Taong Tabon Banjarmasin o Theory of Erosion Introduction of Islam Looked upon with suspiscion Earth has been formed Arab traders (Mudum) – spread Diplomatic through the erosion of Islam in Old Malaysia Power of beautiful women to highlands due to air, rain, heat Sulu soften the heart of hostile of the sun, waves, and glacier o Rajah Baguinda – from rulers o Land Bridge Theory Menangkabaw, Sumatra arrived Sulu came under the Philippines has been formed and converted natives of Sulu influence of the Banjars by the connected lands of Asia o Abu Bakr – established Sultanate The union developed through the Land Bridge. of Sulu emporium and trading ships Pleistocene Era Married Paramisuli Relations with China Sunda Shelf First Sultan of Sulu o Commercial relations with the Sahul Shelf o Serif Kabungsuan – arrived and neighboring countries…China converted natives of Johore o Arab mediated the trading Foreign Influences between the Philippines and Married influential family China first o Sung Dynasty – trading flow in They later on settled to different o Silver (spices) continuous stream parts of the country o Swords (slaves) Colonies were founded in the To maintain close family Ways of Evangelization coastal towns relations they conformed to a Spirit o Other countries in Asia became sort of political organization – o CROSS (Evangelization) interested with the Philippines Confederation of Madyaas Pueblo o Ming Dynasty (Sumakwel – chieftain) Grupo – regular, sekular Emperor Yung Lo sent a large The Alledged Code of Kalantiyaw Augustinian, Franciscan, fleet to regain the control Datu Kalantiyaw Dominican, Jesuit, Recoletos Admiral Cheng Ho headed the o Trial by Ordeal Wika - Arsopispado ng Maynila sixty vessel Influences (Tagalog), Nueva Segovia Kochalao – Chinese governor Chinese (Ilokano), Nueva Caceres (Bikol), Ended when Emperor Yung Lo Indian Cebu (Cebuano, Ilongo, Waray) died Plaza Complex - epekto
The Ten Bornean Datus
o Settlement in Panay is told in Ways of Colonization Maragtas (legendary) Spanish Colonization SWORD (Military Campaign) o In escaped of Sultan Makatunaw Colonial Regulations mistreatment ten chieftains reach Objectives o Centralization Panay 3 G’s o Patronization Puti, Bangkaya, Dumalugdog, o GOD Utilization of Native Culture Sumakwel, Lubay, Paiburong, Religious Factors Dumangsil, Balensusa, Muslim invaded Spain Paduhinog, Dumangsol Ferdinand and Isabella o Panay was already inhabited by Reconquista Negritos (Atis) o GOLD Marikudo and Maniwantiwan Economic Factors o Aware of the suspection Datu Puti Mercantilism (leader) explained their intentions o GLORY to just buy lands Political Factor Payment – gold salakot and Means (Ways of Evangelization) necklace 3 S ’s o Spirit Spanish Colonization o First to use innovation in seamanship and boatbuilding Ancient Trading in the East o First Navigational School Prince Enrique o “The Navigator” Senegal, Africa – Gil Eanes Green Island – Denis Fernando Gulf of New Guinea – Luigi Cadamosto Cape of New Good Hope – Bartolomeu Diaz Ancient Trading in the East Calicut, India – Vasco de Gama Trading Routes (Portuguese Empire in the East) o Gobernadorcillo, Cabeza de o Northern Route (North China to Brazil – Pedro Cabral Barangay (O.D. Corpuz na Constantinople) America – Cristobal Colon Political Shock Absorbers) o Central Route (Malaka to Pacific Ocean – Vasco Nuñez de Constantinople) Balboa o Southern Route (Malaka to Cairo) Philippines – Fernando Hindrances of Spanish Colonization Seljuk Turks colonized and closed Magallanes infieles the two routes The World Divided o Cordillera o Muslim - Ummah Portugal (East) vs. Spain Objectives (Americas) Pope Alejandro VI 3 G’s 3 S’s Cape Verde (East – Portugal, West Maritime Discoveries GOD Spirit Factors that Influence Maritime – Spain) Discoveries Pope Alejandro Borgia (Borja) GOLD Silver (spices) o Growth of Commerce GLORY Swords Currency and Banking Treaty of Tordesillas (slaves) o Knowledge in Sailing Cape Verde (East – Portugal, West Flat Earth vs. Round Earth – Spain) o Renaissance No trespassing Portugal Return of ownership The Magellan Expedition East can only be travelled by Lapulapu and Zula (chieftains) Bohol – Rajah Si Katuna at Si sailing eastward Victoria – completed the voyage with Gala East can also be travelled by Sebastian del Cano Tupas – hinder the entry of sailing westward (Rejected) From 170 only 18 survived Legazpi’s troop to Cebu Don Juan de Aranda (India House The expedition was a test of human o Discovered the Sto. Niño image of Trade) and his Father-in-Law – endurance…food, perennial Establishment of Spanish Cities he was able to talk to Carlos I problems Kutang San Pedro (Primero) Importance of Magellan Expedition Oton, Ilo-Ilo Cristobal de Jaro – lend him money It proved that east can also be Maynila Magellan sailed with Five Ships… travelled by sailing westward o Ayuntamiento o San Antonio – Juan de Cartagena It widened the knowledge about o Arabal o Trinidad – Magallanes world geography…PHILIPPINES o Concepcion – Gaspar de The WORLD is ROUND Quesada The Villalobos Expedition o Victoria – Luis de Mendoza Ruy Lopez de Villalobos – o Santiago – Juan Serrano Saranggani Antonio de Pigafetta Bernardo dela Torre September 20, 1519 – formal start of o Capitan Calabaza the expedition Tandaya – Leyte Islas Ladrones – Island of Thieves Makandala March 16, 1521 – they saw the Las Phelipinas (Felipinas) – coined highest peak of Samar mountains to call Leyte (98 days) The Legazpi Expedition Stopped in Homonhon and then to Haring Felipe II Limasawa Viceroy Velasco – Mexico Rajah Kulambu and Rajah Si Agu Father Andres de Urdaneta Enrique (interpreter) o Refused to accept the offer of March 31 (first mass (Limasawa: leading the team that would San Lazaro) colonized Philippines Rajah Humabon (Carlos), Wife San Lucas – Mindanao (went back (Juana) to Mexico) April 1521 – Magellan was defeated Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – Cebu and killed in the Battle of Mactan (February 13, 1965)