IOT Based Smart Agriculture System: Sushanth.g@christuniversity - in Sujatha.s@christuniversity - in
IOT Based Smart Agriculture System: Sushanth.g@christuniversity - in Sujatha.s@christuniversity - in
IOT Based Smart Agriculture System: Sushanth.g@christuniversity - in Sujatha.s@christuniversity - in
Abstract—Smart agriculture is an emerging concept, because and vinca rosea) when the volumetric water content of the
IOT sensors are capable of providing information about agricul- substrate drops below a setpoint.
ture fields and then act upon based on the user input. In this The emerging global water crisis: In addition to managing
Paper, it is proposed to develop a Smart agriculture System that
uses advantages of cutting edge technologies such as Arduino, scarcity and conflict between water users, the available fresh
IOT and Wireless Sensor Network. The paper aims at making water is further contaminated by the human and animal pop-
use of evolving technology i.e. IOT and smart agriculture using ulation and the pollution levels have increased at an alarming
automation. Monitoring environmental conditions is the major rate. This if continues, will be leading to limitation of food
factor to improve yield of the efficient crops. The feature of this production which in turn will affect the human productivity
paper includes development of a system which can monitor tem-
perature, humidity, moisture and even the movement of animals and thus the entire ecosystem will be affected in the years
which may destroy the crops in agricultural field through sensors to come. The primary and the most important reason for this
using Arduino board and in case of any discrepancy send a SMS problem is the tremendous increase in the population which
notification as well as a notification on the application developed has increased at a rate which is faster than the food production
for the same to the farmer’s smartphone using Wi-Fi/3G/4G. The rate. This population growth especially in water short countries
system has a duplex communication link based on a cellular-
Internet interface that allows for data inspection and irrigation will directly have an impact on its growth on the world map.
scheduling to be programmed through an android application. The food production needs to be increased by at least 50%
Because of its energy autonomy and low cost, the system has the for the projected population growth. Agriculture accounts for
potential to be useful in water limited geographically isolated 85% of freshwater consumption globally. This leads to the
areas. water availability problem and thus calls for a sincere effort
Index Terms—IOT WSN Smart Agriculture Gateway Sensors.
in sustainable water usage. For a variety of reasons, feasible
expansion of irrigated agriculture will be able to accommodate
only a portion of this increased demand, and the rest must
I. I NTRODUCTION
come from an increase in the productivity of rain fed agricul-
India has agriculture as its primary occupation. According ture. In the absence of coordinated planning and international
to IBEF (India Brand Equity Foundation), 58% of the people cooperation at an unprecedented scale, the next half century
living in rural areas in India are dependent on agriculture. will be plagued by a host of severe water related problems,
As per the Central Statistics Office 2nd advised estimate, threatening the wellbeing of many terrestrial ecosystems and
the contribution of agriculture to the Gross Value Addition drastically impairing human health, particularly in the poorest
(India) is estimated to be roughly around 8% which is very regions of the world. In this paper, a smart and intelligent agri-
significant contribution. Under such a scenario, the usage of culture system which can help the farmer to utilize the water
water especially the fresh water resource by agriculture will level sensibly and also take care of other discrepancy factors
be enormous and according to the current market surveys it like unrequired animal entry into the fields are discussed. The
is estimated that agriculture uses 85% of available freshwater system consists of a microcontroller and sensors like moisture,
resources worldwide, and this percentage will continue to be temperature, humidity, motion etc. but not limited to only
dominant because of population growth and increased food these. The system uses both wired and wireless connections for
demand. This calls for planning and strategies to use water sen- the communication between the sensors, microcontroller and
sibly by utilizing the advancements in science and technology. the internet. The system also consists of an android application
There are many systems to achieve water savings in various which allows the user to give his/her input based on which
crops, from basic ones to more technologically advanced ones. the watering will be controlled. Smart Agriculture System is
One of the existing systems use thermal imaging to monitor proposed in this paper which will use concept of IOT, WSN
the plant water status and irrigation scheduling. Automation and cloud computing to help farmer plan an irrigation schedule
of irrigation systems is also possible by measuring the water for his farm through a agriculture profile which can be edited
level in the soil and control actuators to irrigate as and when as per his/her requirements. Based on the users input an
needed instead of predefining the irrigation schedule, thus automated irrigation system is developed to optimize water use
saving and hence utilizing the water in a more sensible manner. for agricultural crops. The system has a distributed wireless
An irrigation controller is used to open a solenoid valve and network for soil- moisture and temperature sensors placed
apply watering to bedding plants (impatiens, petunia, salvia, in the root zone of the plants. In addition, a gateway unit
978-1-5386-3624-4/18/$31.00
2018
c IEEE
handles sensor information, triggers actuators, and transmits
data to a web application. An algorithm was developed with
threshold values of temperature and soil moisture that was
programmed into a micro controller-based gateway to control
water quantity. Proper scheduling of irrigation and fertilization
is very important for proper development of crops. The several
factors which affect the amount of water required by crops in
various climatic conditions are:
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Sunshine
• Wind speed
Fig. 1. Hardware block diagram.
• Passive infrared sensor
• Seed monitoring
• pesticide. all phases like growing, harvesting, packaging, transportation.
The collected and sensed climatic data from field along Real time data provided by sensors, RFID tags in all the above
with weather data from web repositories can be used to phases of cultivation of crop will help farmers and all the stake
take several effective decisions for increasing production of holders to have complete view of the product right from the
crops. If environmental condition is hot, dry, sunny, windy production to sales.
then there is need of high amount of water for crops and Automated agriculture system proposed in [7] finds the
if these factors are like cold, humid, cloudy, little wind moisture values from the moisture sensor and turn the lights
then the need of water is less for the crops. Previous study in the green house ON or OFF based on light sensors and
model abstracted a system that consist of six parts that are actuators are used to control the motor. Automated system
monitoring, management, planning, Information Distribution, definitely helps farmer in increasing the yield of crops.
decision support and control action. The above study model Paper [8] produces an agricultural model in IOT environ-
does data analysis for better decision support [1]. In [2], ment which is human centric. It incorporates IOT and cloud
a GSM based smart agriculture system was proposed for computing universally to remove the inadequacy and lack of
doing automation of several agriculture tasks. Automation is management, which are the root of problems in agriculture.
proposed by smart irrigator that moves on mechanical bridge
slider arrangement. The smart irrigator receives signal from II. P ROPOSED S YSTEM
smart farm sensing system through GSM module. The sensed The development of a smart agriculture system using sen-
data is transferred towards central database from which all sors, microcontroller within an IOT system is presented. The
crop details are analyzed and transferred to irrigator system to aim of the implementation is to demonstrate the smart and
perform automatic actions. IOT based smart Agriculture [3] intelligent capabilities of the microcontroller to allow the
gives information about irrigation and has services like smart decisions to be taken on watering the plants based on the
control and making intelligent decision depending upon real continuous monitoring of the environmental conditions in the
time data from fields. All these operations will be controlled field. The system is as shown in Fig. 1. It also aims at a
through any smart device placed remotely and the interfacing predefined irrigation schedule as per the farmers convenience,
sensors are used to perform operations along with Wi-Fi, uploaded into the application developed for the same. The
actuators and other hardware devices. The entire system was implementation is a photovoltaic powered automated irrigation
established using infield sensors which collects data from farm system that consists of a distributed wireless network of
and using GPS data is sent to the base station where neces- soil moisture and temperature sensors deployed in plant root
sary actions are determined to control irrigation according to zones. These sensors continuously monitor the parameters and
database available with the system. Researcher’s measure soil send it to the Arduino board for further processing which
related parameters such as humidity and moisture as important acts as an IOT gateway. This gateway has been given the
factors for the growth of any crop. Auto mode and Manual wireless capability by installing a WiFi module which will
mode are the two modes of operation of the system. System be updating the data to the cloud. The IOT gateway also
takes its own decisions and controls the installed devices and has the GSM capability through the module connected. This
user can control the operations of system using android app or receiver unit also has a duplex communication link based
commands in auto and manual mode respectively. Internet of on a cellular-Internet interface, using general packet radio
Things is proven to be a cost effective and reliable technology service (GPRS) protocol, which is a packet-oriented mobile
to implement smart systems [5]. In smart village system data service used in 2G and 4G cellular global system for
advance rural connectivity is enabled through web service and mobile communications (GSM).
measuring different environmental factors in real time. The data being uploaded to the cloud allows the user to
The work proposed in [6] provides the use of IOT in almost continuously view the parameters from the comforts of his/her
Fig. 2. Android application.