DLP-DNA Genetic Material 071219

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 9
Grade 9-1 SPA

July 12, 2019
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson 60-minute lecture, the students will be able to:
a. Identify the structure of a DNA molecule;
b. Explain the rules of base pairing;
c. Construct a model of molecule of DNA;
d. Value the importance of DNA.
II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: DNA: The Genetic Material
B. Concept:
 DNA is composed of chains of nucleotides, which are molecules built up from three basic parts:
a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base or nitrogen containing base.
 The nitrogenous bases include adenine and guanine, which belong to a group of compounds
called purines; and cytosine and thymine, which belong to pyrimidines.
 The American biochemist James D. Watson and British biophysicist and geneticist Francis Crick
described the DNA molecule as a double helix.
 The backbone of the helix consists of alternating sugar and phosphate groups connected by
sugar-phosphate bonds, while the steps of the ladder consist of the pair of nitrogenous bases.
 The bases pair in the process known as complementary base pairing. Adenine pairs with
thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C).
 DNA is very important in living systems. DNA serves as the genetic material of all living things.
C. Reference: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/dna-as-the-genetic-material,
Science Learner’s Module Gr. 9, pg. 38-39
D. Materials: cutouts of basic subunits of DNA, crayons, scissors, tape or glue, powerpoint
presentation.
III. TEACHING PROCEDURES

A. Routinary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greeting of the class
3. Checking of attendance
4. Review of previuos lesson about Multiple Alleles
B. Developmental Activities
Teacher’s Activities Student’s Activities
Motivation
4 Pics 1 Word
Student will guess the hidden words using the pictures posted
on the board. Words are: Sugar, Phosphate
Presentation
Before we start our lesson, let us watch this video clip.
So whjat do you think is our topic for today?

Ma’am, It is about genetics and the structure
of our Genetic Material .
Thank you for your answer. Very good inference.
That’s correct! That will be our topic for today.
Discussion
What is DNA?
DNA contains all of the instructions necessary to build and Class listens attentively.
operate a living organism and that DNA molecules can be
found inside the cells of all living things.
How DNA looks like?

(The teacher will show the students a diagram depicting what It looks like a twisted ladder!
the DNA molecule looks like by describing its structural
features)
Very good observation.
What is the importance of base pairing in the construction of We have GCAT Ma’am.
DNA?
Thank you for your answer.

(Inform students about the four-letter DNA alphabet, A, T, C,
and G, and explain the rules of base pairing.
Scientists now know that the genetic material is DNA

(Deoxyribonucleic acid). Modern research techniques helped
scientists to answer many questions about DNA and heredity.
The work of earlier scientists gave Watson and Crick a lot of
information about DNA. By the end of the 1940’s, scientists
had found that DNA consists of long strands of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide contains a pentose sugar called deoxyribose,
a phosphate group, and one of the four compounds called
nitrogenous bases.
Structure of a nucleotide
Application
Now we will be having our activity.

This activity will introduce you to DNA. DNA is a complex
molecule that is found in almost all living organisms. You will
be able to manipulate the nucleotides (basic building blocks)
of DNA and get a feel of how the molecule is produced.
You will perform an activity that will help you understand
some important concepts in DNA structure.
“DNA Modeling”
Procedure: Students participates actively with their
1. Cut out all of the units needed to make the nucleotides group.
from the handout provided at the end of the module.
2. Color code the nitrogenous bases, phosphorus, and sugars
according to the teacher's directions. Adenine = yellow,
Guanine = green, Thymine = blue, Cytosine = red, Phosphate =
brown, and Deoxyribose = . black
3. Using the small squares and stars as guides, line up the
bases, phosphates and sugars.
4. Now glue the appropriate parts together forming
nucleotides.
Construct DNA model using the following sequence to form a
row from top to bottom:
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
5. Let this arrangement represent the left half of your DNA
molecule.
6. Complete the right side of the ladder by adding the
complementary bases. You will have to turn them upside
down in order to make them fit.
7. Your finished model should look like a ladder.
Guide Questions:
What are the common parts of a
nucleotide?________________________
What is the one part of the nucleotide that differs among the
other different
nucleotides?________________________________________
List the different kinds of nitrogen
bases___________________________
Is there always going to be an equal number of adenine and
thymine nucleotides in
molecule?
Why?_________________________________________
Is there always going to be an equal number of guanine and
cytosine nucleotides in a molecule?
Why?______________________________________
The structure of the DNA is actually a double helix

arrangement.
The sides of the ladder are made up of alternating
___________and_______________ molecules. The steps (or
rungs) of the ladder are made up of ____________ held
together by hydrogen bonds.
GENERALIZATION
DNA is composed of chains of nucleotides built on a sugar and
phosphate backbone and wrapped around each other in the
form of a double helix. The backbone supports four bases:
guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine. Guanine and
cytosine are complementary, always appearing opposite each
other on the helix, as are adenine and thymine. This is critical
in the reproduction of the genetic material, as it allows a
strand to divide and copy itself, since it only needs half of the
material in the helix to duplicate successfully.
Evaluation
A. DIRECTION: Choose the best answer.
1. DNA is a polymer of _______.
a.nucleotides
b.fatty acids
c. phosphate
d.deoxyribose sugars connected by phosphodiester bonds
2. Which of the following are pyrimidines?

a. adenine and cytosine
b .adenine and guanine
c. adenine and thymine
d. cytosine and thymine
3. Which of the following are purines?

a. adenine and cytosine
b. adenine and guanine
c. cytosine and thymine
d. guanine and thymine
4. The DNA instructions are divided into segments called _______.

a. chromatin
b. chromosomes
c. genes
d. nucleotides
5. Watson and Crick determined that a DNA molecule is a ________ a two strands twisted around each
other, like a winding staircase.
a. single helix
b. double helix
c. single stranded DNA
d. double stranded DNA
Assignment:
Make a research about the following questions and write your researchers in you big science notebook.
1. How is scientific progress affecting how DNA is used to solve crimes? Cite some examples.
2. How can DNA evidence be used to free innocent people?
Prepared by:
Iris S. De Leon
Teacher 1
July 12, 2019

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DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 9

Grade 9-1 SPA

II. SUBJECT MATTER

III. TEACHING PROCEDURES

So whjat do you think is our topic for today?

How DNA looks like?

Very good observation.

Thank you for your answer.

Scientists now know that the genetic material is DNA

Now we will be having our activity.

The structure of the DNA is actually a double helix

2. Which of the following are pyrimidines?

3. Which of the following are purines?

4. The DNA instructions are divided into segments called _______.

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