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    Nano Satellite

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    Dharni Shah
    Nano satellites, also known as CubeSats, are miniaturized satellites between 1-10 kg that can be used for space research. They are composed of 10x10x10cm cubic units and often use commercial off-the-shelf components. CubeSats can be deployed from the International Space Station or as secondary payloads on launch vehicles. ISRO has developed Nano satellites called INS-1A, INS-1B, and INS-1C to demonstrate technologies, provide launch on demand, and allow universities to carry innovative payloads. CubeSats offer lower costs than traditional satellites and enable distributed satellite systems through their smaller size and weight.

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    Nano Satellite

    Uploaded by

    Dharni Shah
    92 views15 pages
    Nano satellites, also known as CubeSats, are miniaturized satellites between 1-10 kg that can be used for space research. They are composed of 10x10x10cm cubic units and often use commercial off-the-shelf components. CubeSats can be deployed from the International Space Station or as secondary payloads on launch vehicles. ISRO has developed Nano satellites called INS-1A, INS-1B, and INS-1C to demonstrate technologies, provide launch on demand, and allow universities to carry innovative payloads. CubeSats offer lower costs than traditional satellites and enable distributed satellite systems through their smaller size and weight.

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    Nano satellite

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    Nano satellites, also known as CubeSats, are miniaturized satellites between 1-10 kg that can be used for space research. They are composed of 10x10x10cm cubic units and often use commercial off-the-shelf components. CubeSats can be deployed from the International Space Station or as secondary payloads on launch vehicles. ISRO has developed Nano satellites called INS-1A, INS-1B, and INS-1C to demonstrate technologies, provide launch on demand, and allow universities to carry innovative payloads. CubeSats offer lower costs than traditional satellites and enable distributed satellite systems through their smaller size and weight.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    92 views15 pages

    Nano Satellite

    Uploaded by

    Dharni Shah
    Nano satellites, also known as CubeSats, are miniaturized satellites between 1-10 kg that can be used for space research. They are composed of 10x10x10cm cubic units and often use commercial off-the-shelf components. CubeSats can be deployed from the International Space Station or as secondary payloads on launch vehicles. ISRO has developed Nano satellites called INS-1A, INS-1B, and INS-1C to demonstrate technologies, provide launch on demand, and allow universities to carry innovative payloads. CubeSats offer lower costs than traditional satellites and enable distributed satellite systems through their smaller size and weight.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that nano satellites are miniaturized satellites between 1-10 kg in mass that are used mainly in constellations for multi-point data collection covering large areas in space.

    Nano satellites are miniaturized satellites with a mass between 1-10 kg that can be as small as 10x10x10cm. They are used mainly in constellations for multi-point in situ data collection covering large areas in space.

    The components of a nano satellite include structures, communication systems, electrical power systems, attitude determination and control systems, onboard computers and sensors/payloads.

    NANO SATELLITES

    Aastha Shah 2015120043


    Dharni Shah 2015120044
    Anirudh Sharma 2015120046
    Vineetkumar Sharma 2015120047
    Hrishikesh Shedekar 2015120048
    What are Nano satellites?

    ● Miniaturized satellites with a mass between 1-10 kg

    ● As small as 10x10x10cm

    ● Used mainly in Constellations

    ● Multi-point in situ data collection covering large areas


    in space
    Components of Nano satellite:
    ISRO Nano Satellites
    ISRO Nano Satellites (INS) is a versatile and modular Nano satellite bus system envisioned for future science and experimental
    payloads. With a capability to carry up to 3 kg of payload and a total satellite mass of 11 kg, it offers immense opportunities for future
    use. The INS system is developed as a co-passenger satellite to accompany bigger satellites on PSLV launch vehicle. Its primary
    objectives include providing a standard satellite bus for launch on demand services and providing opportunity to carry innovative
    payloads.

    The primary objectives of INS system are to:

    ● Design and develop a low cost modular Nano satellite


    ● Provide an opportunity for ISRO technology demonstration payloads
    ● Provide a standard bus for launch on demand services
    ● Provide an opportunity to carry innovative payloads for Universities / R&D laboratories

    PSLV-C37 carried two ISRO Nano Satellites – INS-1A and INS-1B as co-passenger satellites, which was launched on Feb 15, 2017.
    INS-1C was launched by PSLV-C40 on Jan 12, 2018, as a co-passenger satellite.
    Specifications
    INS-1A
    ● Overall Size
    ● 304 x 246 x 364.3 mm3 (stowed)
    ● 304 x 670 x 364.3 mm3 (deployed)

    ● Payloads:
    Surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function Radiometer (SBR) payload from Space
    Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad measures the BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance
    Distribution Function) of the Earth surface and will take readings of the reflectance of different
    surface features due to Sun albedo.
    Single Event Upset Monitor (SEUM) payload from SAC monitors Single Event Upsets
    occurring due to high energy radiation in the space environment.
    INS-1A
    Launch Mass: 8.4 kg
    Mission Life : 6 months
    Launch Vehicle: PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Series Satellite
    Type of Satellite: Experimental
    Manufacturer: ISRO
    Owner: ISRO
    Application: Experimental
    Orbit Type: SSPO
    INS-1B
    Overall Size:
    ● 304 x 246 x 510 mm3 (stowed)
    ● 304 x 670 x 510 mm3 (deployed)

    Payloads:
    Earth Exosphere Lyman Alpha Analyser (EELA) payload from Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems
    (LEOS), Bengaluru Registers terrestrial exospheric line-of-sight neutral atomic hydrogen Lyman
    Alpha flux. Besides, it will estimate the interplanetary hydrogen Lyman-alpha background flux by
    means of deep space observations.
    Origami Camera payload from SAC is a Remote Sensing Colour camera with a novel lens assembly
    for optical realisation in a small package. There is scope for its future scalability and utilisation in
    regular satellites.
    INS-1B

    Launch Mass: 9.7 kg


    Mission Life : 6 months
    Launch Vehicle: PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Series Satellite
    Type of Satellite: Experimental
    Manufacturer: ISRO
    Owner: ISRO
    Application: Experimental
    Orbit Type: SSPO
    Cubesat
    A CubeSat (U-class spacecraft) is a type of nano satellite for space research that is made up of
    multiples of 10 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm (4 in × 4 in × 4 in) cubic units. CubeSats have a mass of no more
    than 1.33 kilograms (2.9 lb) per unit, and often use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components for
    their electronics and structure. CubeSats are commonly put in orbit by deployers on the International
    Space Station, or launched as secondary payloads on a launch vehicle.
    Applications
    ● CubeSat technology is a standardised, cheap nanosatellite, making it easier
    for anyone to launch a satellite. They are 10 centimetres cubes weighing
    slightly more than 1Kg. They cost about £60,000.
    ● Combinations of 3, 6 or 12 Cubes can carry out commercial applications.
    Single cubes were developed as tools for teaching and technical
    demonstration. But these larger, more powerful crafts offer new kinds of
    opportunities.
    The proposals selected for further technology development are:
    ● The Mars Micro Orbiter (MMO) mission, which uses a 6U-class Cubesat to measure
    the Martian atmosphere in visible and infrared wavelengths from Mars orbit. Michael
    Malin of Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, California, is the principal
    investigator.
    ● Hydrogen Albedo Lunar Orbiter (HALO) is a propulsion-driven 6U-class CubeSat
    that will answer critical questions about the lunar hydrogen cycle and the origin of water
    on the lunar surface by examining the reflected hydrogen in the moon’s solar wind. The
    principal investigator is Michael Collier of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center,
    Greenbelt, Maryland.
    ● Diminutive Asteroid Visitor using Ion Drive (DAVID) is a 6U-class CubeSat mission
    that will investigate an asteroid much smaller than any studied by previous spacecraft
    missions and will be the first NASA mission to investigate an Earth-crossing asteroid.
    Geoffrey Landis of NASA’s Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, is the principal
    investigator.
    Advantages
    ● Lower production cost, implicit in the size reduction, and further enhanced by
    simplified project management procedures.
    ● Cost reductions enhanced also by the COTS(Commercial Off The Shelf) approach ,
    since an inherent lower cost is compatible with the acceptance of greater risks.
    ● Accessibility to more modern /compact / less power-hungry electronics associated to
    the COTS approach.
    ● Easier implementation of spatially distributed systems ( e.g. : constellations,
    storms, formations) due to the lower unit cost.
    ● The availability of a ‘family’ of object characterized by different mass-DC power
    ranges, allows to optimize the costs vs. mission requirements.
    ● Better adherence to requirements of low-budget users.
    Disadvantages
    ● Mass and DC power limits are incompatible with ambitious missions.
    ● Small satellites require new thinking and management procedures.
    ● Still poorly understood and accepted by Industry and Institutions.
    Conclusion
    ● Space science Microsatellites can offer a very quick turnaround and an inexpensive
    means of exploring well-focused, small-scale science objectives (e.g. monitoring the
    space radiation environment, updating the international geo-magnetic reference field,
    etc.), or providing an early proof-of-concept prior to the development of large-scale
    instrumentation in a fully complementary manner to expensive, long-gestation,
    large-scale space science missions.
    ● This not only yields early scientific data but also provides opportunities for young
    scientists and engineers to gain 'real-life' experience of satellite and payload
    engineering (an invaluable experience for later largescale missions).
    ● The low cost, rapid timescale and manageable proportions of microsatellites are also
    attractive to emerging space nations who wish to develop and establish a national
    expertise in space technology through an affordable small satellite programme.
    The story is not complete without further important areas not covered here in any detail.
    Low cost must extend from the satellite design to the total mission, including launch and
    in-orbit operations. Initially, our launches have piggy-backed on the launch of large
    satellites.

    Current micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology, driven by commercial and


    consumer requirements will open up the prospect of satellites on-a-chip or ‘femptosats’!

    One such femptosat is of little use, but a cloud of such satellites with coherent
    intercommunications and precise knowledge of relative position promises a resilient
    reconfigurable and highly adaptable entity in orbit, capable of communications, remote
    sensing by radar or optical observations.

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