Corporate Social Responsibility in Infosys Foundation: Sandhya Mishra
Corporate Social Responsibility in Infosys Foundation: Sandhya Mishra
Corporate Social Responsibility in Infosys Foundation: Sandhya Mishra
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is viewed as a number of companies have recognized the business
comprehensive set of policies and programmes that are benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
integrated into business operations, supply chains and policies and practices. CSR is defined as “A concept
decision-making processes throughout the company. The
case deals with CSR initiatives of Indian IT major-Infosys
Technologies Ltd. The company is actively involved in the
areas of community involvement, human resource
development, environmental contribution, product
contribution and customer relations, rural development,
and shareholders relations. The paper also provides an
insight into the expected role of companies in CSR in the
times of recession.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Community
Involvement, Human Resources, Environmental
Contribution, Product Contribution and Customer
Relations, Shareholders’ Relations, Rural Development Source: Joshi and Kapoor (2004), p. 358 (Modified)
Introduction Figure 1: Business Responsibility towards Different
Sections of Society
During the year 2008-09, Infosys Technologies, the
Indian software giant won ‘Hitachi Data Systems’ whereby companies integrate social and environment
Diamond Award for Best Virtualization Strategy and concerns in their business operations and in their
‘Platinum Award’ for Best Green Strategy for a Data interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis,
Centre. The company also received NASSCOM as they are increasingly aware that responsible
(National Association of Software and Service behaviour leads to sustainable business success”
Companies) Award for excellence in gender inclusivity Commission of the European Communities (2002). A
at the NASSCOM IT Women Leadership Summit 2008 growing body of empirical studies demonstrates that
in Bangalore (Annual Report ‘Infosys Technologies CSR has a positive impact on business economic
Ltd.’, 2008-09). performance. Companies going for CSR activities have
experienced a range of bottom line benefits, namely,
Awareness of the impact of business on society and improved financial performance and reduced operating
environment has grown along with the increasing socio- costs (Centre for Corporate Research and Training,
regulatory pressures. This evolution has gradually led 2003; Agarwal, 2008), enhanced brand image and
business to return the displaced social orientation. Many reputation (Krishna, 1992; Rashid and Ibrahim, 2002;
firms are assuming increased Responsibility for both Centre for Corporate Research and Training, 2003;
social and environmental well- being. Corporate Agarwal, 2008), increased sales and customer loyalty
response to environmental and social issues is (Creyer and William, 1997), increased ability to recruit
progressing through three stages of evolution: profit and retain employees (Turban and Greening, 1996; Luce
maximization management, trusteeship management, et al., 2001; Centre for Corporate Research and Training,
and quality of life management (Hay and Gray, 1977). 2003), easier access to capital (Spicer, 1978; Centre for
The business depends on society for its existence, Corporate Research and Training, 2003) etc.
sustenance and encouragement. Being too much
dependent on society, business has definite In Indian context, CSR is not a new concept and can be
responsibility towards different segments of society easily seen in the form of magnificent temples, high
which is depicted in the figure 1. mosques, large dharamshalas and great educational
institutions (Agarwal, 2008). In 1965, the Prime
Though profit making is one of the main objectives of Minister of India presided over a national meeting that
business but it has to satisfy its various stakeholders, issued the following declaration on the social
viz., employees, consumers, government, community, responsibilities of business: “...business has
and shareholders. Over the past few decades, a growing responsibility to itself, to its customers, workers,
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shareholders, and the community…every enterprise, no philanthropic institutions and committed individuals
matter how large or small, must, if it is to enjoy should co-operate and establish partnerships with the
confidence and respect, seek actively to discharge its government institutions. This would lift millions of our
responsibilities in all directions... and not to one or two people out of poverty, provide them with opportunities
groups, such as shareholders or workers, at the expense and make them participate in the process and progress of
of community and consumer. Business must be just and globalization.” Promoted by Infosys Technologies Ltd.,
humane as well as efficient and dynamic” (Brown, the Foundation began its work in Karnataka, India,
2001). The increasing relevance of CSR in India has gradually extending its activities to the states of Tamil
stemmed from the fact that a business cannot succeed by Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and Punjab.
ignoring the human and social needs of our society. In The Foundation supports the programmes and
this age of widespread communication and growing organizations devoted to the cause of the destitute, the
emphasis on transparency, customers of any product or rural poor, the mentally challenged and the economically
service are not likely to feel satisfied in buying from a disadvantaged sections of the society. The Foundation
company that violates the expectations of ethical and also helps in preserving certain cultural forms and dying
socially responsible behaviour. Therefore, the companies arts of India. The foundation got the prestigious ET
that pay genuine attention to the principles of socially Corporate Citizens Award (2000-2001)
responsible behaviour are favoured by the public and (www.karnataka.com/ngos/infosys). The grants made by
preferred for their goods and services (Sarkar, 2005). Infosys to the Foundation for the last three years are
shown in the table 1.
Company Profile
Table 1: Grants to the Foundation
Infosys Technologies Ltd. provides consulting and IT
services to clients worldwide. Founded in 1981, by N.R. Year Grants (Rs. in Crores)
Narayan Murthy and six of his colleagues. The corporate 2008 20.00
headquarters are based in Bangalore, India. However, 2007 19.00
Infosys offices span the globe. In 1987 Infosys got its 2006 13.25
first foreign client, Data Basics Corporation from the
United States and opened its first office in the USA. In Source: Annual Report ‘Infosys Technologies Ltd.’,
1993, Infosys became a public limited company and 2007-08
successfully completed IPO (Initial Public Offer) in Various CSR dimensions, viz., Community Involvement,
India. In the same year Infosys received ISO Human Resource Development, Environmental
9001/TickIT certification. Infosys set up its first office in Contribution, Product Contribution and Customers’
Europe in Milton Keynes, UK in 1996. In 1999, Relations, Rural Development, and Shareholders’
Infosys crossed $100 Million in annual revenue and was Relations have been considered in order to observe the
listed on NASDAQ. It was Indian company to be listed initiatives of Infosys Technologies Ltd. in CSR. These
on NASDAQ. In the same year Infosys opened offices in dimensions have been considered in the various studies
Germany, Sweden, Belgium, and Australia. In 2000, conducted in past (e.g. Krishna, 1992; Brown, 2001;
Infosys crossed $200 Million in annual revenue. In Confederation of Indian Industry, 2002; Centre for
2004, Infosys crossed US $1 Billion in annual revenue. Corporate Research and Training, 2003) for examining
In 2006, Infosys completed 25 years of its existence and the CSR involvement of companies operating in India.
its revenues crossed $ 2 billion. Today Infosys has more In addition to the above mentioned dimensions, Infosys’
than 50,000 employees and has presence in more than adherence to UN Global Compact Programme has also
20 countries across the world. Its corporate headquarters been observed.
is in Bangalore. The company vision is to be the best
globally, commercially and ethically. As such, Infosys The dimensions of CSR and Infosys’s initiatives (i.e.
has developed a C-Life principle of core values that it details of CSR activities under different CSR
aims to honour in all aspects of its business conduct. C- dimensions undertaken by the company) during 2006-07
LIFE: The Core Values of Infosys are: Customer to 2007-08 are shown in the table 2 and are explained as
Delight, Lead by Example, Integrity and Transparency, follows:
Fairness, and Excellence (www.Infosys.com) Community Involvement Education
CSR at Infosys Technologies Ltd “Basic education links the children, whether of the cities
Infosys Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Infosys or villages, to all that is best and lasting in India”,
Technologies Ltd. came into existence on 4th December said Mahatma Gandhi (www.karmayog.org/
1996 with the objective of fulfilling the social csr500companies). The following steps have been taken
responsibility of the company by supporting and by Infosys Foundation in this field:
encouraging the underprivileged sections of society • Constructed and donated to the school buildings
(www.IndianNGOs.com). N. R. Narayana Murthy for poor and orphaned students in Orissa, Tamil Nadu,
(Chairman and Chief Mentor, Infosys) defines Infosys Pondicherry, Kerala and Karnataka.
Foundation as “For benefits of globalization and
technology to reach the poor, the private sector, • Constructed class rooms at the Wayanad Girijan
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Seva Trust which works for Girijan students in Kerala. ends (Sarkar, 2005).
• Donated books on the topics such as
engineering, medicine, mathematics, science, history,
economics, etc. to the book banks in Karnataka. These
‘book banks’ are tremendously useful for the poor
Infosys is engaged in its human
students who use these books for reference.
resource development by being
• Through company’s Computers@Classrooms engaged in providing health and
initiative launched in January 1999, the company safety measures for its employees,
donated 2,567 computers to various institutions across providing retirement fund benefit
India. plans, spending for their welfare,
undertaking training programmes,
• Sponsored ‘Vijanana Sammelana’ at Shimoga,
profit-sharing programmes for
Karnataka to impart knowledge of science to students
employees etc.
and teachers.
Environmental Reducing the consumption of
• Donated computers and laptops to Gulbarga Contribution resources or reducing polluting
University, Athani University, Mangalore University and emissions can reduce environmental
to the All India Vayu Sainik Camp in Bangalore. impact (European Communities,
2001) which is one of the major
• Launched OASIS, a training program for
responsibilities of an enterprise.
students
Infosys is contributing towards
in government schools. environment in terms of using
recycled products, conservation of
• Collaborated with Ichalkaranji Seva Bharathi,
energy, waste management etc.
Mumbai; Vidya Prasarak Mandal, Lucknow;
Product Business must satisfy customers’ key
Yogakshema, Hyderabad Karnataka Sikshana Samithi,
Contribution buying criteria-such as product price,
Kota Vidya Samste and Arunachal Pradesh Vidya
and Customers’quality, appearance, taste, availability,
Kendra to provide education for underprivileged
Relations Safety and convenience (Centre for
children.
Corporate Research & Training,
• Worked with the Karavir Nagar Vachan Mandir 2003). Infosys is providing better
in Kolhapur, Maharashtra to convert the library into an services to its customers by providing
e-library and then connected it to other libraries around and by investing in R&D for quality
the world. services.
Healthcare Shareholders’ Shareholders put their capital in
Relations business and therefore, the companies
Making high-quality healthcare the norm is an ongoing should be managed in their interest. In
challenge (www.karmayog.org/csr500companies). The other words, the primacy of treatment
Foundation has undertaken the following CSR actions in given to the shareholders is being
this area. justified on the grounds of ownership
and shareholding (Centre for
Table 2: Dimensions of CSR and Infosys’s Initiatives
Corporate Research & Training,
CSR Dimension Infosys’s Initiatives 2003).
Infosys, having investor grievance
Community This shows the responsibility of committee gives due consideration to
Involvement business towards society in terms of the interest/complaints of the
spending a part of its profits towards shareholders.
civic and educational facilities (Joshi Rural Rural development implies both the
and Kapoor, 2004). Development economic betterment of people as well
Infosys is performing its responsibility as greater social transformation of the
towards community by being engaged people living in rural areas
in providing educational facilities, (www.rural.nic. in).
healthcare facilities and contributing Infosys is contributing towards rural
towards art and culture. development in terms of education to
Human The business enterprises are under the rural poor, helping the under-
Resource moral threats to satisfy the needs and privileged women, helping the self
Development aspirations of the workers engaged by help women groups and donating to
them and this is very important since floods victims living in rural areas.
in the present era of socio-economic
set up, the employees cannot be • Donated ‘Radiant Warmer with Electrical Slow
treated as the mere means to certain Suction and Apgar Timer’ to Sargur
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Hospital, H.D. Kote, where tribal patients are Human Resource Development
treated free of cost. Employees’ Health and Safety
• Supplied free medicines for diabetic children A good and healthy human resource is the gateway of
through Jnanasanjeevini, Bangalore. success and the harbinger of progress of any
• Donated medical equipment, chairs, and an x-ray organization as cock is to the dawn (Sarkar, 2005).
unit to Northern Bihar Hospital, Bangalore The firm is also engaged in creating and implementing a
Hospital and Jammu Hospital, where poor health and safety management system, and monitoring
patients receive treatment free of cost. the performance regularly. The Occupational Health and
Safety Assessment sequence 18001 (OHSAS 18001)
• Donated medical equipments to Pavagada Eye specifications ensure that all objectives and targets are
Hospital, Karnataka and Kakinada Eye Hospital, measured. During the year 2008, the company
Andhra Pradesh. introduced Health Assessment and Lifestyle Enrichment
• Constructed an advanced Pediatric Block for (HALE) Plan which focuses on increasing the emotional
Wenlock Hospital, Mangalore. value- add of the employees, by optimizing their health,
quality of life and work environment. The goal is to
• Paid Rs. 3 crore to buy ‘Linear Accelerator’ for ensure healthy and happy employees who will be
Chennai Cancer Insitute, Chennai. more productive in the long term and will add to the
• Donated Computed Tomography (CT) scan competitive edge in the business. The HALE Health
Week, comprising yearly master health check- ups and
machine to Government Hospital,
focused health and stress campaigns, was conducted in
Bhubaneswar. the campuses during March 2008. Over 6,000
The firm is also helping poor patients through Little employees underwent medical check-ups and specialists’
Drops Public Charitable Trust, Chennai and consultations. Approximately, 10,000 employees used
Ramakrishna Sarada Mission Matri Bhavan, Kolkata. the online interventions related to the Health Week
which included an online health hunt, a health quiz and
Arts and Culture specialist doctors’ discussions on Infy TV. Workshops
Traditional art and culture are fast disappearing due to and discussion by experts on first aid and trauma
globalization and economic development. Preserving handling helped the employees in case of emergencies.
India’s rich heritage and honoring its artisans are some Over 12,000 employees were benefited by these
of the ways Infosys Foundation contributes to this space. workshops (Annual Report ‘Infosys Technologies Ltd.’,
In specific, the following actions have been undertaken 2007-08).
by Infosys Foundation to promote Art and Culture of the Welfare
country:
In 1994, the company issued 7,50,000 warrants to
• Sponsored Kala Darshan, a musical program in the Infosys Technologies Limited Employees Welfare
rural areas, through Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan. Trust (the Trust), for the benefit of the employees, by
• Sponsored a folk fest in Bangalore to provide creating a stock option plan, namely, the 1994
direct market opportunities for rural artisan Employees Stock Offer Plan. The Trust has successfully
communities and promote culture. Approximately completed the administration of the 1994 Stock Offer
100 craftsmen from 20 states participated in the Plan, which expired in September 2004. As of date, the
fest. Trust has in its ownership, 28,33,600 shares which are
unutilized. These shares have been irrevocably granted
• Sponsored more than 5,000 students, through to the Trust and are to be used for the benefit and
NGOs like Prerna and Vidya Poshak, for the welfare of the employees (Annual Report ‘Infosys
study and documentation of Karana Viniyoga, to Technologies Ltd.’, 2006-07). Staff welfare expenditure
preserve and encourage the art. Karana is a dance was Rs. 52 crores in 2008 as compared to 44 crores in
form defined and described in great detail by 2007.
sage Bharatha in his work Natyashastra.
Retirement benefits to employees
• Supported the Bhandarkar Oriental Research
Institute in researching ancient Indian • Gratuity
manuscripts. Infosys provides for gratuity, a defined benefit
retirement plan the ‘Gratuity Plan’ covering eligible
• Sponsored Uppina Kudru Kamath Memorial
employees. In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity
Yakshagana Gombeyatta puppet shows in
Act, 1972, the Gratuity Plan provides a lump sum
Karnataka to preserve the art of puppetry.
payment to vested employees at retirement, death,
Besides, the above mentioned activities, the firm incapacitation or termination of employment of an
felicitates physically challenged musicians, artists and amount based on the respective employee’s salary and
Yakshagana artists from rural areas. the tenure of employment.
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Anti The company operates across geographies Exide Industries (www. exideindustries.com). Similarly,
Corruption and encourages the employees to report Hindustan Lever Ltd. (HLL) through its Surf Excel
on corrupt practices or unethical brand came out with campaign of education to poor
behaviour under the whistleblower policy. children (http://living. oneindia.in). Likewise, IDEA
The company has established control Cellular Ltd. on 26th Nov. 2009 (on the first anniversary
systems for complying with local laws on of the first terror bullet which ruined calm in Mumbai on
corruption in the geographies the 26th Nov. 2008) initiated the movement titled the ‘Talk
company operates. for India Hour’. Approximately 5.5 crore Idea
subscribers were made aware, that for every call they
behaviour (e.g. corporate misgovernance in Satyam made between
Computer Services Ltd.) in the corporate sector has been
the main reason of current deadlock. In present scenario 8.36 p.m. and 9.36 p.m. that evening, the net revenue
where deviant corporate behaviour is highlighted generated would be handed over by Idea Cellular to the
immediately and information about it is spread through cause of protective gear for police personnel. At its
the instant communication channels, the misbehaviour result, approximately Rs. 1.25 crore was generated as
by corporates cannot be excused (Pachauri, 2009). The revenue from subscriber calls. Idea Cellular doubled the
time has come for corporate organizations to realise the amount, and contributed a total sum of Rs. 2.50 crores
importance of in-depth scrutiny of all their actions by for Prime Minister’s National Defence Fund
civil society and their own interest in implementing a (www.indiaprline.com). Hence, even in times of
genuine programme of corporate social responsibility. recession, smart companies are undertaking corporate
Though the current economic downturn will surely raise social activities in one form or another.
concerns around the budget for CSR activities and the
extent to which companies will tend to invest in CSR
Conclusion
activities yet investment in CSR activities is for the own CSR, now a days has moved beyond indulgence in
benefit of the companies. Like the employees are pure philanthropy. CSR activities vary-ranging from
attracted to stay with socially responsible companies and donation to charitable institutions, providing educational
want to see commitment to corporate social initiatives and health facilities, contributing towards environment,
continue through tough times. Moreover, the consumers serving the customers in the best way, women
are willing to pay price premiums for products and empowerment, rural development and many more.
services marketed by companies with proven and Companies do such activities as internal projects or in
sustained track record of doing good association with some government bodies or NGOs. A
(http://blogs.hbr.org). In other words, CSR involvement number of companies in India are engaged in and are
enables the companies in gaining the trust of people in demonstrating their CSR initiatives. In a survey
long run. Therefore, the right approach is to come up conducted by Centre for Social Markets in 2001, the
with more creative ways to implement cost-effective respondents mentioned the name of certain Indian and
CSR activities rather than pulling back. In this present International companies as their role models in CSR
scenario of economic downturn, the companies sector. Birla Group of Companies, BSES, DSP Merril
(irrespective of their size) recognize and are performing Lynch, Hindustan Lever, Infosys, ITC, Larsen and
their social responsibility. Like, Nokia Malaysia’s Toubro, Mahindra BT, Mitsui, Reliance as Indian role
‘Integrated Nokia Kiosk’ (INK) is first of its kind kiosk models and IBM, EDS, Goodyear and Conagra Inc. in
which provides customer a really a simple way to U.S.A. as international role models (Brown, 2001). The
recycle their old mobile phones and accessories. As an companies, by being engaged in CSR activities gain
added incentive for recycling for each mobile phone immeasurable public image. On the other hand, there
dropped off, the customer will have a tree planted in his have been in recent times many examples of well
of her name via the Nokia New Trees Programme. For established and successful organizations losing their
this initiative, INK snagged the inaugural ‘Green Mobile public trust and market strength on account of
Award’ at the GSM Association’s (GSMA) Asia Mobile carelessness of social norms. Nike has suffered huge
Awards 2008 held. This award is the recognition of damages to its image by being associated with
Nokia’s ongoing commitment to the environment oppressive labour practices. In contrast Avon gains
(http://pressbulletinboard.nokia. com). Likewise, Exide amazing and free publicity through its cancer awareness
Industries as a part of its CSR programme, joined activities (Ping, 2002). Through the analysis of CSR
hands with ‘United Nations International Children initiatives of Infosys Technologies Ltd., the present
Emergency Fund’ (UNICEF) to support them in their study reveals that the company is actively engaged in
‘Child Environment Programme’ that involves creating different areas of social responsibility. Infosys
better environmental conditions for underprivileged Technologies, through Infosys Foundation is
children. The support to UNICEF from Exide is linked contributing towards the improvement of health,
to the number of used batteries that Exide return from its education, rural development and art and culture. The
existing customers. For every returned battery, a company is also performing its responsibility towards its
particular sum of money would go to customers as well shareholders and customers. In addition to this, the
as to UNICEF which provides incentive to the company is also adhering to the principles of UN Global
company’s customers to return their used batteries to Compact Programme. The study makes it clear that in
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the period of recession, most of the companies are still 10. Joshi, R. and Kapoor, S. (2004), Business
going for corporate social initiatives as goodwill and Environment, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
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11. Krishna, C. G. (1992), Corporate Social
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