DLR and ESA Human Space Dosimetry –

Current experiments and the future

T. Berger
DLR – German Aerospace Center
Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne

Slide 1 >Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April , 2006 >T.Berger
MATROSHKA

EuCPD

Future….

Slide 2 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA

MATROSHKA (MTR) Facility is designed

to determine the radiation exposure of an
astronaut / cosmonaut during an
extravehicular activity (EVA) (MTR-1)
and during his stay inside the
International Space Station (MTR-2 A/B)

Radiation exposure is measured in a

Phantom simulating an Human Upper
Torso shielded with a Carbon Fibre
structure simulating the EVA suit

Active and Passive Radiation Detectors

are distributed over the whole body to
determine skin and organ doses
MATROSHKA inside ISS January 2004

Slide 3 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA

MATROSHKA-1 was the first long

duration phantom experiment positioned
outside a Space Station
(Duration of ~ 600 days)
MATROSHKA-2 A/B will measure the
dose distribution of an astro – and
cosmonaut inside the ISS
The combination of MTR-1 and MTR-2
will for the first time allow the comparison
of skin- and depth dose measurements
performed with the same facility in and
outside the ISS
Results will give the dose distribution
inside a Human Phantom for a better
correlation between skin and organ dose MATROSHKA-1 EVA February 2004
and for better risk assessment in future
long duration space flight

Slide 4 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
ESA Project Science and Project Lead: G. Reitz, DLR

International Contribution:
19 Institutes for MATROSHKA

Slide 5 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
 The MATROSHKA Facility

Phantom Torso + Poncho + Container + MLI (MTR-1)

Slide 6 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
 The MATROSHKA Facility – Active radiation detectors

DOSTEL SSD
(Dosimetric Telescope)
(Silicon Scintillator Device)
¾ Eye
¾ Lung
¾ Stomach
¾ Kidney
¾ Intestine

TEPC
(Tissue equivalent proportional counter)

Slide 7 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
 The MATROSHKA Facility – Passive radiation detectors

Thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) and Nuclear Track Etch detectors

Total Number : ~ 6000

Slide 8 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA-1 Timetable

Launch of MATROSHKA 29. January 2004 with PROGRESS

Docking with ISS 31. January 2004

26. February 2004 performed by

EVA expedition 8 crew Alexander Kaleri
Michael Foale

Activation of the active instruments 16. April 2004

26. February 2004 – 18. August

Outside Exposure
2005

18. August 2005 performed by

EVA expedition 11 crew Sergei Krikalev
and John Phillips
14. September 2005 performed by
Dismounting of the passive
expedition 11 crew Sergei Krikalev
detectors
and John Phillips

Detector download 11. October 2005 with Soyuz

Slide 9 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA-1

MATROSHKA mounted outside the ISS February 2004 – August 2005

Slide 10 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA-1 Science (active DOSTEL)

Radiation exposure during an EVA: 1.3 mSv/day

Radiation exposure inside the ISS: 0.4 mSv/day

Countrate of DOSTEL over a period of 16 days

Slide 11 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA-1 Science (passive TLDs)
200

180

Slice # 1
160 Slice # 5

Dose (mGy)
Slice # 9
Slice # 17
Slice # 21
Slice # 23
140 Slice # 25
Slice # 29
Slice # 31

120

100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Dosemeter positions

Slide 12 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA-2 Timetable

New Detector upload – Start of

21. December 2005 with PROGRESS 20P
MATROSHKA-2 Phase A (passive)

05. January 2006 performed by expedition

Integration of the passive detector set into
12 crew William McArthur and Valery
the MATROSHKA Facility
Tokarev

Exposure time for MATROSHKA-2 Phase A ~ September 2006

Start of MATROSHKA-2 Phase B Autumn 2006 (6 months)

(passive and active)

Start of MATROSHKA-2 Phase C

Spring 2007
(2nd outside exposure)

Slide 13 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA-2 Detector mounting

MATROSHKA-2 Phase A passive detector mounting January 2006

Slide 14 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA-2 Exposure Inside ISS

MATROSHKA-2 Phase A ISS exposure in the docking compartment (DC-1)

Slide 15 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MATROSHKA

Passive dosimetry
Combination of TLD/ OSL with CR-39 detectors for the
determination of
Æ absorbed dose
Æ LET spectra / Qualityfactor
Æ dose equivalent
Æ neutron dose

Active dosimetry
Æ Tissue equivalent proportional counter
Æ Silicon telescope
Æ Plastic scintillator
Æ LET spectra / Qualitfactor … Neutron component

Slide 16 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
EuCPD
European Crew Personal Dosemeter

Starting with STS-121 … STS-116…

Slide 17 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
 EuCPD
European Crew Personal Dosemeter
Light weight (~ 30g) passive dosemeter system

¾ Thermoluminescence Detectors (TLD´s)

¾ CR-39 Nuclear Track Etch Detectors

¾ PADC Neutron Detector

Personal Dosemeter for European Astronauts (inside (IVA) and outside (EVA) the ISS)

Slide 18 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
EuCPD
European Crew Personal Dosemeter

¾ 48 x TLD´s

¾ 2 x CR-39

¾ 1 x PADC

Slide 19 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
EuCPD
European Crew Personal Dosemeter

¾ Personal Crew Dosemeter

Æ Passive Systems (easy to handle)

Æ Development of a small active device

(based on Silicon detectors)

Slide 20 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
ALTCRISS

Slide 21 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
DOSIS

Dose Distribution Inside ISS

Dosimetric Mapping Experiment

Dosimetry inside the ISS using

active and passive devices

Slide 22 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
Columbus

Slide 23 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
Columbus

Permanent Dosimetric Mapping

Inside the Columbus module

Outside : Dosimetry on EuTEF

and on Expose

Slide 24 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
Columbus / EuTEF

EuTEF – Active dosimetry Expose – Passive dosimetry

Slide 25 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
Columbus / EuTEF

EuTEF Æ DOSTEL (active)

Slide 26 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
Expose / Expose-R

Passive Dosimetry

Slide 27 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
FOTON – Biopan Missions

Dosimetry for very low shielding thicknesses

Slide 28 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
ExoMars

Dimensions: Ø 58 mm, Height 55 mm

Mass: ~ 500g
Power consumption: 600mW

Slide 29 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
MSL

Slide 30 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger
 Timeline:

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

MATROSHKA

Altcriss

EuCPD

Foton/Biopan

EuTEF Dostel/ Expose

Expose-R

Columbus Dosimetric Mapping

MSL

ExoMars

Slide 31 > Radiation Detection and Dosimetry Workshop, Houston, 6-7 April, 2006> T. Berger