A Study On Consumer Preference Towards Cadbury
A Study On Consumer Preference Towards Cadbury
A Study On Consumer Preference Towards Cadbury
INTRODUCTION
In this research I have survey the product performance and buying behavior of famous brand of
chocolates – Cadbury, which is consumed by people of all ages. During this research I have
interacted with people of “New Delhi”. After this research I came to know how people perceives
these products on the variables like price, quality, advertisement, satisfaction, taste, packaging,
brand loyalty etc. I also came to know which particular brand of chocolate is most preferred by
people of different age groups. In this research I have surveyed that how frequently and how
much chocolate they consume, whether they buy small, big or family pack. Trend of ongoing
changes in their likings has been shown in the report. In this report I have tried to explain the
entire research and facts product wise.
CONSUMER PREFERENCE
All marketing starts with the consumer. So consumer is a very important person to a marketer.
Consumer decides what to purchase, for whom to purchase, why to purchase, from where to
purchase, and how much to purchase. In order to become a successful marketer, he must know
the liking or disliking of the customers. He must also know the time and the quantity of goods
and services, a consumer may purchase, so that he may store the goods or provide the services
according to the likings of the consumers. Gone are the days when the concept of market was let
the buyer’s beware or when the market was mainly the seller’s market. Now the whole concept
of consumer’s sovereignty prevails. The manufacturers produce and the sellers sell whatever the
consumer likes. In this sense, “consumer is the supreme in the market”.
As consumers, we play a very vital role in the health of the economy local, national or
international. The decision we make concerning our consumption behavior affect the demand for
the basic raw materials, for the transportation, for the banking, for the production; they effect the
employment of workers and deployment of resources and success of some industries and failures
of others. Thus marketer must understand this.
Preference (or "taste") is a concept, used in the social sciences, particularly economics. It
assumes a real or imagined "choice" between alternatives and the possibility of rank ordering of
these alternatives, based on happiness, satisfaction, gratification, enjoyment, utility they provide.
More generally, it can be seen as a source of motivation. In cognitive sciences, individual
preferences enable choice of objectives/goals.
History of chocolate:
The origin of chocolate can be traced back to the ancient Maya and Aztec civilizations in Central
America, who first enjoyed “chocolati” a much-prized spicy drink made from roasted cocoa
beans.
Throughout its history, whether as cocoa or drinking chocolate beverage or confectionary treat,
chocolate has been a much sought after food..
History:
The earliest record of chocolate was over fifteen hundred years ago in the central America rain
forests, where the tropical mix of high rain fall combined with high year round temperatures and
humidity provide the ideal climate for cultivation of the plant from which chocolate is derived,
the cacao tree.
“ Chocolate is made from the cocoa bean, found in pods growing from the trunk and lower
branches of the cacao tree, Latin name “ theobroma cacao” meaning “ food of the gods”
Cacao was corrupted into the more familiar “ cocoa” by the early European explorers. The
Maya brewed a spicy, bittersweet drink by roasting and pounding the seeds of the cacao tree
with maize and capsicum peppers and letting the mixture ferment.”
Chocolate in Europe
Xocolatl! or chocolat or chocolate as it became known, was brought to Europe by Cortez, by
this time the conquistadors had learned to make the drink more palatable to European tastes by
mixing the ground roasted beans with sugar and vanilla ( a practice still continued today), thus
offsetting the spicy bitterness of the brew the Aztec’s drank.
The first chocolate factories opened in Spain, where the dried fermented beans brought back
from the new world by the Spanish treasure fleets were roasted and ground, and by the early 17 th
century chocolate powder – from which the European version of the drink was made- was being
exported to other parts of Europe. The Spanish kept the source of the drink- the beans- a secret
for many years, so successfully in fact, that when English buccaneers boarded what they thought
was a Spanish “ treasurer galleon” in 1579, only to find it loaded with what appeared to be “
dried sheep’s droppings, they burned the whole ship in frustration. If only they had known,
chocolate was so expensive at that time, that it was worth it’s weight in silver ( if not gold),
chocolate was treasure indeed !
Chocolate consumption in India is extremely low. Per capita consumption is around 160 gms in
the urban areas, compared to 8-10kg in the developed countries. In rural areas, it is even lower.
Chocolates in India are consumed as indulgence and not as a snack food. A strong volume
growth was witnessed in the early 90’s when Cadbury repositioned chocolates from children to
adult consumption. The biggest opportunity is likely to stem from increasing the consumer base.
Leading player like Cadbury has been attempting to do this by value for money offerings, which
are affordable to the masses.
The Quakers
The Quakers were, and still are, a pacifist religious sect, an offshoot of the puritans of English
civil war and pilgrim fathers fame and a history of chocolate would not be complete without
mentioning their part in it. Some of the most famous names in chocolate were Quakers, who for
centuries held a virtual monopoly of chocolate making in the English speaking world – fry,
Cadbury and row tree are probably the best known.
Its probably before the time of the English civil war between parliament and king Charles 1st
that the Quaker’s who evolved from the puritans, first began their historic association with
chocolate. Because of their pacifist religion, they were prohibited from many normal business
activities, so as an industrious people with a strong belief in the work ethic (like the puritans),
they involved themselves in food related businesses and did very well. Baking was a common
occupation for them because bread was regarded as the biblical “staff of life”, and bakers in
England were the first to add chocolate to cakes so it would be a natural progression for them to
start making pure chocolate. They were also heavily involved in breakfast cereals but that’s
another story.
What is certain is that the fry, row tree and Cadbury families in England among others, began
chocolate making and in fact Joseph fry of fry &sons (founded 1728 in Bristol, England) is
credited with producing and selling the world’s first chocolate bar. Fry’s have now all but
disappeared (taken over by Cadbury) and row tree have merged Swiss company nestle, to form
the largest chocolate manufacturer in the world. Cadbury have stayed with chocolate production
and are now, if not quite the largest, probably one of the best-known chocolate makers in the
world.
Chocolate as we know it
The first mention of chocolate being eaten in solid form is when bakers in England began adding
cocoa powder to cakes in the mid 1600’s. Then in 1828 a Dutch chemist, Johannes van houten,
invented a method of extracting the bitter tasting fat or “cocoa butter” from the roasted ground
beans, his aim was to make the drink smoother and more palatable, however he unknowingly
paved the way for solid chocolate as we know it.
Chocolate as we know it today first appeared in 1847 when fry & sons of Bristol, England –
mixed sugar with cocoa powder and cocoa butter (made by the van houten process) to produce
the first solid chocolate bar then in1875 a Swiss manufacturer,
Daniel peters, found a way to combine (some would say improve, some would say ruin) cocoa
powder and cocoa butter with sugar and dried milk powder to produce the first milk chocolate.
CHOCOLATE PRODUCTION
The cocoa-bean -- the heart of the sweetest delicacy in the world -- is bitter! This
is why, up to the 18th century some native tribes ate only the sweetish flesh of
the cocoa fruit. They regarded the precious bean as waste or used it, as was the
case among the Aztecs, as a form of currency.
TheVarieties
There are two quite different basic classifications of cocoa, under which
practically all varieties can be categorised: Criollo and Forastero cocoas. The
pure variety of the Criollo tree is found mainly in its native Equador and Venezuela. The seeds
are of finer quality than those of the Forastero variety.
They have a particularly fine, mild aroma and are, therefore, used only in the production of high-
quality chocolate and for blending. However, Criollo cocoa accounts for only 10% of the world
crop. The remaining 90% is harvested from trees of the Forastero family, with its many hybrids
and varieties. The main growing area is West Africa. The cocoa tree can flourish only in the
hottest regions of the world.
The Harvest
immediately after harvesting, the fruit is treated to prevent it from rotting. At
fermentation sites either in the plantation or at, collecting points, the fruit is
opened.
Fermentation
The fermentation process is decisive in the production of high quality raw cocoa. The technique
varies depending on the growing region.
Drying
After fermentation, the raw cocoa still contains far too much water; in fact about 60%. Most of
this has to be removed.
What could be more natural than to spread the beans out to dry on the sun-soaked ground or on
mats? After a week or so, all but a small percentage of the water has evaporated.
Cleaning
Before the real processing begins, the raw cocoa is thoroughly cleaned by
passing through sieves, and by brushing. Finally, the last vestiges of wood, jute
fibres, sand and even the finest dust are extracted by powerful vacuum
equipment.
Roasting
The subsequent roasting process is primarily designed to develop the aroma. The entire roasting
process, during which the air in the nearly 10 feet high furnaces reaches a temperature of 130
°C, is carried out automatically.
Crushingandshelling
The roasted beans are now broken into medium sized pieces in the crushing machine.
Blending
Before grinding, the crushed beans are weighed and blended according to special recipes. The
secret of every chocolate factory lies in the special mixing ratios, which it has developed for
different types of cocoa.
Grinding
The crushed cocoa beans, which are still fairly coarse are now pre-ground by special milling
equipment and then fed on to rollers where they are ground into a fine paste. The heat generated
by the resulting pressure and friction causes the cocoa butter (approximately 50% of the bean)
contained in the beans to melt, producing a thick, liquid mixture.
This is dark brown in color with a characteristic, strong odour. During cooling it gradually sets:
this is the cocoa paste.
At this point the production process divides into two paths, but which soon join again. A part of
the cocoa paste is taken to large presses, which extract the cocoa butter. The other part passes
through various blending and refining processes, during which some of the cocoa butter is added
to it. The two paths have rejoined.
CocoaButter
The cocoa butter has important functions. It not only forms part of every recipe,
but it also later gives the chocolate its fine structure, beautiful lustre and delicate,
attractive glaze.
Cocoa Powder
After the cocoa butter has left the press; cocoa cakes are left which still contain a 10 to 20%
proportion of fat depending on the intensity of compression.
These cakes are crushed again, ground to powder and finely sifted in several
stages and we obtain a dark, strongly aromatic powder, which is excellent for the
preparation of delicious drinks - cocoa. Cocoa paste, cocoa butter, sugar and
milk are the four basic ingredients for making chocolate. By blending them in
accordance with specific recipes the three types of chocolate are obtained which form the basis
of ever product assortment, namely:
Kneading
In the case of milk chocolate for example, the cocoa paste, cocoa butter, powdered or condensed
milk, sugar and flavouring - maybe vanilla - go into the mixer, where they are pulverized and
kneaded.
Rolling
Depending on the design of the rolling mills, three or five vertically mounted
steel rollers rotate in opposite directions. Under heavy pressure they pulverise the
tiny particles of cocoa and sugar down to a size of approx. 30 microns. (One
micron is a thousandth part of a millimetre.)
Conching
But still the chocolate paste is not smooth enough to satisfy our palates. But
within two or three days all that will have been put right. For during this period
the chocolate paste will be refined to such an extent in the conches that it will
flatter even the most discriminating palate.
Conches (from the Spanish word "concha", meaning a shell) is the name given to the troughs in
which 100 to 1000 kilograms of chocolate paste at a time can be heated up to 80 °C and, while
being constantly stirred, is given a velvet smoothness by the addition of certain amounts of
cocoa butter. A kind of aeration of the liquid chocolate paste then takes place in the conches: its
bitter taste gradually disappears and the flavor is fully developed. The chocolate no longer seems
sandy, but dissolves meltingly on the tongue. It has attained the outstanding purity, which gives
it its reputation.
CADBURY
John Cadbury
Milk chocolate for eating was first made by Cadbury in 1897 by adding milk powder John paste
to the dark chocolate recipe of cocoa mass, cocoa butter and sugar. By today's standards this
chocolate was not particularly good: it was coarse and dry and not sweet or milky enough for
public tastes.
There was a great deal of competition from continental manufacturers, not only the French,but
also the Swiss, renowned for their milk chocolate.
Led by George Cadbury Junior, the Bournville experts set out to meet the challenge. A
considerable amount of time and money was spent on research and on new plant designed to
produce the chocolate in larger quantities.
A recipe was formulated incorporating fresh milk, and production processes were developed to
produce a milk chocolate 'not merely as good as, but better than' the imported milk chocolate'.
Four years of hard work were invested in the project and in 1905 what was to
be Cadbury's top selling brand was launched.
Three names were considered: Jersey, Highland Milk and Dairy Maid. Dairy
Maid became Dairy Milk, and Cadbury's Dairy Milk, with its unique flavour
and smooth creamy texture, was ready to challenge the Swiss domination of the milk chocolate
market.
By 1913 Dairy Milk had become the company's best selling line and in the mid twenties
Cadbury's Dairy Milk gained its status as the brand leader, a position it has held ever since.
Currently Cadbury India operates in three sectors viz. Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food
Drinks and in the Candy category.
With annual revenues of approximately $50 billion, the combined company is the world's second
largest food company, making delicious products for billions of consumers in more than 160
countries. We employ approximately 140,000 people and have operations in more than 70
countries
.
In the Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has maintained its undisputed leadership over
the years. Some of the key brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Perk, Éclairs and
Celebrations. Cadbury enjoys a value market share of over 70% - the highest Cadbury brand
share in the world! Their flagship brand Cadbury Dairy Milk is considered the "gold standard"
for chocolates in India. The pure taste of CDM defines the chocolate taste for the Indian
consumer.
In the Milk Food drinks segment their main product is Bournvita - the leading Malted Food
Drink (MFD) in the country. Similarly in the medicated candy category Halls is the undisputed
leader.
The Cadbury India Brand Strategy has received consistent support through simple but
imaginative extensions to product categories and distribution. A good example of this is the
development of Bytes. Crispy wafers filled with coca cream in the form of a bagged snack,
Bytes is positioned as "The new concept of sweet snacking". It delivers the taste of chocolate in
the form of a light snack, and thus heralds the entry of Cadbury India into the growing bagged
Snack Market, which has been dominated until now by Salted Bagged Snack Brands. Bytes was
first launched in South India in 2003.
Since 1965 Cadbury has also pioneered the development of cocoa cultivation in India. For over
two decades, it has worked with the Kerala Agriculture University to undertake cocoa research
and released clones, hybrids that improve the cocoa yield.
Today, Cadbury is poised in its leap towards quantum growth and new categories of business,
namely gums, mints, snacking and gifting. It is a part of the Cadbury Schweppes Group, world's
No.1 Confectionery Company.
Their heritage starts back in 1783 when Jacob Schweppe perfected his process for manufacturing
carbonated mineral water in Geneva, Switzerland. And in 1824 John Cadbury opened in
Birmingham selling cocoa and chocolate.
These two great household names merged in 1969 to form Cadbury Schweppes plc.
Since then they have expanded their business throughout the world by a programme of
organic and acquisition led growth.
Concentrating on their core brands in beverages and confectionery since the 1980s, they have
strengthened their portfolio through almost fifty acquisitions, including brand icons such as
Mott's, Canada Dry, Halls, Trident, Dentyne, Bubblicious, Trebor, Bassett, Dr Pepper, 7 Up and
Snapple.
STORY OF CADBURY
The story of Cadbury Dairy Milk started way back in 1905 at Bournville, U.K., but the journey
with chocolate lovers in India began in 1948.
The pure taste of Cadbury Dairy Milk is the taste most Indians crave for when they think of
Cadbury Dairy Milk.
a delightful combination of milk chocolate and white chocolate. Giving consumers an exciting
reason to keep coming back into the fun filled world of Cadbury.
Our Journey:
Cadbury Dairy Milk has been the market leader in the chocolate category for years. And has
participated and been a part of every Indian's moments of happiness, joy and celebration. Today,
Cadbury Dairy Milk alone holds 30% value share of the Indian chocolate market.
In the early 90's, chocolates were seen as 'meant for kids', usually a reward or a bribe for
children. In the Mid 90's the category was re-defined by the very popular `Real Taste of Life'
campaign, shifting the focus from `just for kids' to the `kid in all of us'. It appealed to the child in
every adult. And Cadbury Dairy Milk became the perfect expression of 'spontaneity' and 'shared
good feelings'
The 'Real Taste of Life' campaign had many memorable executions, which people still fondly
remember. However, the one with the "girl dancing on the cricket field" has remained etched in
everyone's memory, as the most spontaneous & un-inhibited expression of happiness.
This campaign went on to be awarded 'The Campaign of the Century', in India at the Abby (Ad
Club, Mumbai) awards.
In the late 90's, to further expand the category, the focus shifted towards widening chocolate
consumption amongst the masses, through the 'Khanewalon Ko Khane Ka Bahana Chahiye'
campaign. This campaign built social acceptance for chocolate consumption amongst adults, by
showcasing collective and shared moments.
More recently, the 'Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye' campaign associated Cadbury Dairy Milk with
celebratory occasions and the phrase "Pappu Pass Ho Gaya" became part of street language. It
has been adopted by consumers and today is used extensively to express joy in a moment of
achievement / success.
The interactive campaign for "Pappu Pass Ho Gaya" bagged a Bronze Lion at the prestigious
Cannes Advertising Festival 2006 for 'Best use of internet and new media'. The idea involved a
tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service and allowed students to check their exam results using
their mobile service and encouraged those who passed their examinations to celebrate with
Cadbury Dairy Milk.
The 'Pappu Pass Ho Gaya' campaign also went on to win Silver for The Best Integrated
Marketing Campaign and Gold in the Consumer Products category at the EFFIES 2006 (global
benchmark for effective advertising campaigns) awards.
Cadbury Dairy Milk emerged as the No. 1 most trusted brand in Mumbai for the 2005 edition of
Brand Equity's Most Trusted Brands survey.
During the 1st World War, Cadbury Dairy Milk supported the war effort. Over 2,000 male
employees joined the armed forces and Cadbury sent books, warm clothes and chocolates to
the front.
CADBURY BYTES
Cadbury Bytes was launched in 2004-05 as Cadbury's foray into the rapidly growing packaged
snack market.
Cadbury Bytes is a one of a kind snack, in that it is sweet and not salty, as compared to most of
the other snacks. It's a bite sized snack with a crunchy wafer and rich Choco cream filling. There
are three variants of Bytes available in the market - Regular, Coffee and Strawberry, at two price
points- Rs 5 and Rs 10.
Cadbury Bytes is targeted at teens as they are the largest consuming segment of packaged snack
category. They are also the gateway to the family, especially for a new sweet snack.
With Bytes, Cadbury has entered into a new category with well entrenched and established
brands. It is an exciting challenge for us to take the brand forward and make it a stupendous
success.
Cadbury Bytes is positioned as the 'only sweet snack' in the world of salty snacks. The
proposition we have arrived at is "Snacking ka meetha funda", where we take a pot-shot at other
snacks, by saying `Har snack namkeen nahi hota'. The product is all about breaking a cliché and
teenagers identify with breaking stereotypes. The new commercials- 'Tommy' and 'Villain', talk
about breaking the stereotype.
CADBURY BOURNVITA
Cadbury was incorporated in India on July 19th, 1948 as a private limited company under the
name of Cadbury-Fry (India). Cadbury Bournvita was launched during the same year.
The brand has been an enduring symbol of mental and physical health ever since it was launched
in 1948. It is hardly surprising then, that Bournvita enjoys a major presence in the Malt Food
market. Given its market share of 17%, Cadbury Bournvita reaches across hundreds of cities,
towns and villages through 3,50,000 outlets in India.
It is a universal truth that mothers attach a lot of emotional importance to nourishment while
bringing up their children. However, children always look out for the tastiest option to make
their daily dose of milk more enjoyable.
Cadbury now offers two options to capture this appeal: Cadbury Bournvita, with its popular
chocolate taste, and its latest offering, Cadbury Bournvita 5 Star Magic, leveraging the rich
chocolate and caramel flavour of Cadbury 5 Star.
The Journey:
The brand has been an enduring symbol of mental and physical health ever since it was launched
in 1948. It is hardly surprising then, that Bournvita enjoys a major presence in the Malt Food
market. Given its market share of 17%, Cadbury Bournvita reaches across hundreds of cities,
towns and villages through 3,50,000 outlets in India.
It is a universal truth that mothers attach a lot of emotional importance to nourishment while
bringing up their children. However, children always look out for the tastiest option to make
their daily dose of milk more enjoyable.
Cadbury now offers two options to capture this appeal: Cadbury Bournvita, with its popular
chocolate taste, and its latest offering, Cadbury Bournvita 5 Star Magic, leveraging the rich
chocolate and caramel flavour of Cadbury 5 Star
Cadbury Bournvita advertising has moved with the times to reflect the changing needs of the
consumers.
During the '70s the communication centered on 'Good upbringing' and Bournvita became an
essential building block for childhood. "Goodness that grows with you" was the campaign idea
that communicated this thought.
In the 80's the focus shifted from 'Upbringing' to 'Intelligence' with the more aggressive
"Brought up right, Bournvita bright" campaign, which was very successful during its time.
In the early '90s all brands in the category provided purely physical benefits like nourishment,
energy and growth. It was at this time that Bournvita decided to raise the bar by promising
physical and mental benefits. This resulted in the famous Tan Ki Shakti, Man Ki Shakti
Campaign which became an anthem for the brand.
In the new millennium, keeping pace with the evolving mindsets of the new age consumers,
Cadbury Bournvita is about arming consumers with Confidence to take on physical and mental
challenges that nobody else can, resulting in one of the most successful advertising campaigns
which is based on 'Real Achievers who have grown up on Bournvita'.
HALLS
Halls accounts for 50% of international cough drop sales and is the
leading sugar confectionery brand in the world. In 1930’s, the Hall
brothers invented its Mentho-Lyptus formula, using a combination of
menthol and eucalyptus, and began producing cough drops. The
cough drops were introduced into the US during the mid-1950s.
Warner-Lambert recognised the potential of the product and acquired
Halls in 1964. In 1971, Warner Lambert began selling Halls under
the Adams family, and the first national television campaign was
aired in the US & the results were a resounding success.
Our Journey:
Halls was first launched in India in 1968 & soon established itself asa
‘therapeutic’ candy competing in the cough lozenge market. Halls has
been sold in India as part of the Pfizer & Warner Lambert networks
before it came into the Cadbury fold in 2003 as part of a global merger
with Adams Confectionery.
Halls has had a colourful advertising history in India & was infact, one of
the earliest brands to advertise on television in India. In the 1980’s, Ad’s featuring Meenakshi
Sheshadri and later, Vijeta Pandit on its unique ‘vapour action’ formula with a classic Halls
Jingle were aired which established the brand firmly in the market. In the 90’s, Halls advertising
adopted a different take with its ‘Traffic Jam’ Ad where Halls restores order to a situation of
chaos & the early 2000’s saw Halls advertising on the ‘refreshment’ platform. Over the years
Halls has been strongly positioned on the` soothes sore throat ’ benefit in the consumers mind.
Halls continues to be one of the leading mint brands in India even in the changed competitive
context.
• Halls is marketed in 24 different countries around the world & is offered in over 26
flavours.
• Halls produced the largest sweet in the world in 1964. Weighing 76kilos, the sweet was
put on exhibition in New York.
• Halls accounts for more than 50% of international cough drop sales.
BUBBALOO
Cadbury India has expanded its confectionary portfolio in 2007 by foraying into the Bubble gum
category with the launch of Bubbaloo Bubblegum- a successful bubblegum brand from its
international portfolio.
Bubbaloo is an innovative soft bubblegum with a centre filled liquid. It is filled with a high level
of a great tasting fruit flavoured liquid that floods your mouth instantly.
Bubaloo is currently available in two yummy flavors- Strawberry and Mixed Fruit.
The communication focuses on the "fun filled liquid centre " of Bubbaloo and is anchored by
“Bubba- the cat”, the international mascot for the brand Bubbaloo.
Bubbaloo is sold in 25 countries and is particularly popular in Latin America. The record for the
largest bubblegum bubble ever blown is 58.4cm. The bubble was blown by Susan Montgomery
Williams of Fresno, California, USA at the ABC-TV studios in New York City, in 1994.
Cadbury Brands:
Chocolates
Snacks
Beverages
Candy
SNACKS:
Bytes
BEVERAGES
Bournvita
CANDY
Halls
CHOCOLATES
Dairy Milk
5 Star
Perk
Celebrations
Temptation
Bournville
Eclairs
Gems
DAIRY MILK
The variants Fruit & Nut, Crackle and Roast Almond, combine the classic taste of Cadbury
Dairy Milk with a variety of ingredients and are very popular amongst teens & adults.
Cadbury Dairy Milk has exciting products on offer - Cadbury Dairy Milk Wowie, chocolate
with Disney characters embossed in it, and Cadbury Dairy Milk 2 in 1, a delightful combination
of milk chocolate and white chocolate. Giving consumers an exciting reason to keep coming
back into the fun filled world of Cadbury.
Today, Cadbury Dairy Milk alone holds 30% value share of the Indian chocolate market.
5 STAR
the second largest after Cadbury Dairy Milk with a market share of 14%, Cadbury 5 Star moves
from strength to strength every year by increasing its user base.
Launched in 1969 as a bar of chocolate that was hard outside with soft caramel nougat inside,
Cadbury 5 Star has re-invented itself over the years to keep satisfying the consumers taste for a
high quality & different chocolate eating experience.
One of the key properties that Cadbury 5 Star was associated with was its classic Gold colour.
And through the passage of time, this was one property that both, the brand and the consumer
stuck to as a valuable association.
More recently, to give consumers another reason to come into the Cadbury 5 Star fold, Cadbury
5 Star Crunchy was launched. The same delicious Cadbury 5 Star was now available with a dash
of rice crispies.
PERK
Cadbury launched Perk in 1996. With its light chocolate and wafer construct, Cadbury Perk
targeted the casual snacking space that was dominated primarily by chips & wafers.
With the rise of more value-for-money brands in the wafer chocolate segment, Cadbury Perk
unveiled two new offerings - Perk XL and XXL. In 2004, with an added dose of 'Real Cadbury
Dairy Milk' and an 'improved wafer', Perk became even more irresistible
CELEBRATIONS
Cadbury Celebrations was aimed at replacing traditional gifting options like Mithai and dry-
fruits during festive seasons.
The super premium Celebrations Rich Dry Fruit Collection which is a festive offering is an
exotic range of chocolate covered dry fruits and nuts in various flavours and the premium dark
chocolate range which is exotic dark chocolate in luscious flavours.
TEMPTATION
Cadbury Temptations is a range of delicious premium chocolate in five flavors variants - Roast
Almond Coffee, Honey Apricot, Mint Crunch, Black Forestand Old Jamaica. ury Cocoa
Partnership Ghana Programmes
Cadbury and Cadbury colleagues have been working with communities in Ghana for a number
of years. Together we have donated over 2.6 tones of school books, raised funds for over 950
wells, and delivered over 5,000 bikes helping to increase the attendance of thousands of children
who commute long distances to school.
Research Methodology
Research Methodology
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be
understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. Researchers need to
know, which of the methods or techniques, are relevant and which are not, and what would they
mean and indicate and why. Researcher also need to understand the assumptions underlying
various technique and they need to know the criteria by which they can decide that certain
techniques and procedure will be applicable to certain problems and others will not.
DEFINITION OF RESEARCH
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. It is a scientific and systematic
search for pertinent information on a specific topic.
PROCESS OF RESEARCH
Research Design
(a) Type of Research
(b) Unit Identification
(c) Sampling
Data collection
Suggestation
TYPES OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH DESIGN
“A research design is simply the framework or plan for a study that is used asguide in collecting
and analyzing the data. It is blueprint that is followed
in completing a study.”
As learning is a human activity and is as natural, as breathing. Despite of the fact that learning is
all pervasive in our lives, psychologists do not agree on how learning takes place. How
individuals learn is a matter of interest to marketers. They want to teach consumers in their roles
as their roles as consumers. They want consumers to learn about their products, product
attributes, potential consumers benefit, how to use, maintain or even dispose of the product and
new ways of behaving that will satisfy not only the consumer’s needs, but the marketer’s
objectives.
The scope of my study restricts itself to the analysis of consumer preferences, perception and
consumption of Cadbury Chocolates. There are many other brands of chocolates available but
my study is limited to a major player of chocolates leaving behind the others.
This project is based on the comparative study consumer behavior towards Cadbury
chocolates. Objectives of the study are:
The other objective is to know about the customer satisfaction level associated with
the product and the customer preference level.
To increase customer satisfaction and recapture the market share by fulfilling the
customer needs.
To study the factors affecting the consumption pattern.
In attempt to make this project authentic and reliable, every possible aspect of the topic was kept
in mind. Nevertheless, despite of fact constraints were at play during the formulation of this
project. The main limitations are as follows:
Due to limitation of time only few people were selected for the study. So the sample of
consumers was not enough to generalize the findings of the study.
The main source of data for the study was primary data with the help of self-administered
questionnaires. Hence, the chances of unbiased information are less.
People were hesitant to disclose the true facts.
The chance of biased response can’t be eliminated though all necessary steps were taken
to avoid the same
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the methodology of the study. This project is based on information
collected from primary sources. After the detailed study, an attempt has been made to present
comprehensive analysis of consumption of Cadbury chocolates consumed by the people. The
data had been used to cover various aspects like consumption, consumer’s preference and
customer’s satisfaction regarding Cadbury chocolates. In collecting requisite data and
information regarding the topic selected, I went to the residents of “NewDelhi” and collected the
data.
Survey design:
The study is a cross sectional study because the data were collected at a single point of time. For
the purpose of present study a related sample of population was selected on the basis of
convenience.
A sample of 100 people was taken on the basis of convenience. The actual consumers were
contacted on the basis of random sampling.
Research Period:
Research work is only carried for 2 or 3 weeks.
Research Instrument:
This work is carried out through self-administered questionnaires. The questions included were
open ended, dichotomous and offered multiple choices.
Data Collection:
The data, which is collected for the purpose of study, is divided into 2 bases:
Secondary Source: The secondary data was collected from internet, References from
Library.
Data Analysis:
The data is analyzed on the basis of suitable tables by using mathematical techniques. The
technique that I have used is bar technique.
Table:1
Chart:1
From the above analysis of the given sample of 100 respondents it is concluded that out of 100
people 95 people likes to eat chocolate while only 5 people don’t prefer to eat chocolate.
Table:2
AGE GROUPS 0-10 10-20 20-30 ABOVE 30
NUMBER OF 14 42 33 11
RESPONDENTS
Chart:2
According to the above analysis it is concluded that I have surveyed 100 respondents out of
which 14, 42, 33, 11 belongs to age group 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, above30 respectively.
Table:3
AGE GROUPS
BRANDS 0-10 10-20 20-30 ABOVE 30
CADBURY 7 35 24 5
NO CONSUMTION 2 1 1 1
Chart:3
According to the above analysis it is concluded that people of different age groups prefer mostly
Cadbury brand of chocolate people of age group above 30 equally likes to have both brands.
BRAND PREFERENCE
Table:4
BRANDS
PREFERENCE BY CONSUMERS
CADBURY 73
OTHERS 22
Chart:4
From the above analysis of given sample of 93 respondents who eat chocolates it is concluded
that only 22 people prefer to eat other brands as while 73 people likes to eat Cadbury chocolates.
PURCHASE OF CHOCOLATES
PURCHASE OF CADBURY CHOCOLATES
Table:5
CADBURY CHOCOLATES
SUB- BRANDS NUMBER OF RESPONDANTS
69
DAIRY MILK
5 STAR 64
PERK 61
CELEBRATIONS 49
TEMPTATIONS 41
Chart:5
From the above analysis of given sample of 73 respondents who eat Cadbury chocolates it is
concluded that mostly people has purchased Dairy Milk sub-brand of Cadbury while Temptation
is least purchased by the people.
Table:7
OVERALL PURCHASE OF SUB- BRANDS OF CHOCOLATES
SUB-BRANDS PERCENTAGE OF PURCHASE
DAIRY MILK 40
5 STAR 20
PERK 13
CELEBRATIONS 15
TEMPTATIONS 12
Table: 8
CADBURY CHOCOLATES
SUB- BRANDS GRAND TOTAL OF AVERAGE RANKS
PREFERENCE (GRAND TOTAL /
No. OF
RESPONDANTS)
DAIRY MILK 315 4.3 1
5 STAR 220 3 2
PERK 176 2.4 3
CELEBRATIONS 136 1.86 4
TEMPTATION 91 1.24 5
According to the above analysis it is concluded that in Cadbury Brand, Dairy milk is the most
preferred sub-brand as it is ranked first by the respondents. While Temptation is the least
preferred sub-brand of Cadbury chocolates.
OVERALL INFLUENCE
Table :10
FACTORS GRAND TOTAL AVERAGE RANK
435 4.58 1
FLAVOR/TASTE
PRICE 295 3.1 9
QUALITY 391 4.12 2
PACKAGING 344 3.62 4
FORM 301 3.17 7
BRAND 354 3.73 3
IMAGE 344 3.62 4
COLOR 297 3.13 8
SHAPE 268 2.82 10
QUANTITY 342 3.6 6
According to the above analysis it is concluded that on an average mostly people are influenced
by flavor/taste followed by quality, brand and image. It is surprised to know that very few
people are influenced by price followed by shape of the chocolate.
Table:11
FACTORS GRAND TOTAL AVERAGE RANK
335 4.6 1
FLAVOR/TASTE
PRICE 235 3.2 7
QUALITY 307 4.2 2
PACKAGING 277 3.79 3
FORM 231 3.16 8
BRAND 271 3.71 4
IMAGE 262 3.59 5
COLOR 224 3.07 9
SHAPE 213 2.92 10
262 3.59 5
QUANTITY
According to the above analysis it is concluded that on an average mostly people are influenced
by flavor/taste followed by quality, packaging and brand. Here color and shape are not all
influencing people while purchasing Cadbury chocolates.
Table:13
According to the above analysis it is concluded that on an average people are most satisfied with
the flavor/taste of a chocolate followed by quality and brand. It is surprising to know that
although people are satisfied with quality but unsatisfied with the quantity.
IN CADBURY CHOCOLATE
Table:14
According to the above analysis it is concluded that on an average people are most satisfied with
the flavor/taste of a chocolate followed by quality and brand. It is surprising to know that
although people are satisfied with quality but unsatisfied with the quantity and image.
FORM PREFERENCE
Table:16
FORM OF CHOCOLATE NUMBER OF RESONDENTS
HARD 33
NUTTIES 25
CRUNCHY 29
CHEW 20
Chart:8
According to the above analysis it is concluded that most of the people likes to eat hard
chocolate and chew form of a chocolate is least preferred.
Table:17
PACK SIZE NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
SMALL 28
BIG 48
FAMILY PACK 19
Chart:9
According to the above analysis it is concluded that out of sample of 95 people who eat
chocolates likes to buy big pack. Family pack is mostly preferred by aged people only.
PROMOTIONAL OFFERS
Table:18
PROMOTIONAL OFFERS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
FREE GIFTS 52
PRICE OFFER 23
ANY OTHER 20
Chart: 10
According to the above analysis it is concluded that out of sample of 95 people who eat
chocolate 52 are attracted by free gifts, 23 by price offers while 20 were attracted by some other
reasons.
Table:19
FACTORS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
ADVERTISEMENT 65
SUGGESTION FROM FRIENDS AND 16
RELATIVES
ATTRACTIVE DISPLAY 11
DOCTORS ADVICE 15
BRAND AMBASSADORS 9
INGREDIENTS 25
Chart: 11
According to the above analysis it is concluded that Advertisement is the best measure to attract
customers to purchase more. Its impact is much more than other factors. While friends and
relatives and brand ambassadors also play a significant role in this regard.
MEDIA OF ADVERTISEMENT
Table:20
Chart:12
According to the above analysis it is concluded that television emerges as the best media for
advertisement of chocolates that compel consumers to buy. It is much more than other ways as
out of 95 respondents 82 are attracted to by through television media while brochures are the
least attracting media.
FREQUENCY OF CONSUMPTION
Table:21
FREQUENCY OF CONSUMPTION NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
ONCE IN A FORTNIGHT 16
DAILY 17
WEEKLY 39
MONTHLY 18
QUARTERLY 5
Chart:13
According to the above analysis it is concluded that mostly people purchase chocolates weekly.
Only 15 out of 95 purchase chocolates quarterly.
REASONABLE PRICE
Table:22
PRICE OF CHOCOLATE NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
BELOW 5 6
5-10 23
10-20 51
20-30 4
ABOVE 30 11
Chart: 14
According to the above analysis it is concluded that the consumer thinks 10-20 Rs is the
reasonable price of a chocolate. So it must be worthwhile to know this as it may effect the sale
of chocolates.
Table:23
BRAND LOYALTY ACTIONS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
POSTPONE YOUR PURCHASE 26
SWITCH OVER TO OTHER BRANDS 24
GO TO OTHER SHOP FOR SEARCH 45
OF PREFERED BRAND
Chart:15
According to the above analysis it is concluded that mostly people are loyal to the brand as in
the absence of availability of their preferred brand mostly people like to search for it or they are
ready to postpone their purchase.
Table:24
SHIFT TO NEW BRAND OF THE NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
PREFERED PRODUCT
NO, NOT AT ALL 35
MAY CONSIDER 27
NO, SHALL NOT 4
CAN’T SAY 29
Chart:16
According to the above analysis it is concluded that mostly people are addicted to the same
flavor or taste and they don’t want to change it as out of 95 respondents 35 are not ready to try
new brand at any cost
All the consumers why they continue to buy the old brand gave various important reasons. The
most important reasons given by the consumers were:
Taste/Flavor
Brand
Image
Quality
Packaging
FINIDINGS
CONSUMER RESEARCH:
Consumer research deals with consumer and their problems
and solution to the problems. In this I came to know about the consumers need and
expectation levels regarding products and ascertainable levels of consumer satisfaction.
PRODUCT RESEARCH:
Under product research I came to know about the
modification which consumers wants as to the quality, packing, shape, color, and quantity
etc of their favorite chocolate.
PRICING RESEARCH:
ADVERTISING RESEARCH:
Under this I have concluded that whether the
advertisement appeals the consumers or not. This also includes evaluating and selecting
the proper media-mix and measuring advertising effectiveness.
CONCLUSION
A survey of the people has been conducted to know the liking pattern of the Cadbury. It
is observed that overall people like to eat Cadbury brand rather than any other. It is concluded
that mostly people preferred Dairy Milk of Cadbury due to its flavor/taste, quality and image and
due to its hard form.
It is thus concluded from the facts collected that mostly people refer to buy big pack of their
favorite chocolate, and sometimes some of them go for small and family pack.
Company should concentrate more on television for advertisement, as mostly people get
attracted through television only.
For promotional offers, company should go for free gifts rather than going for other
ways.
Nestle company should concentrate on its packing as people are least satisfied with it
while Cadbury should concentrate on the shape of a chocolate.
People are unsatisfied with the price and quantity of chocolate so companies should
concentrate in this regard also.
Annexure
QUESTIONNAIRE
Yes No
Cadbury Other
Que3. How much importance do you give to the following factors when you purchase a
chocolate? (Tick in the desired column)
Que4. How much are you satisfied with the following factors in your preferred chocolate?
(Tick in the desired column)
Image
Color
Shape
Quantity
Hard Nutties
Crunchy Chew
Advertisement
Suggestion from friends and relatives
Attractive Display
Doctors Advice
Brand Ambassadors
Ingredients
Hoarding Display
20.30 Above 30
Que12. If your preferred brand is not available for repeat purchases then what will you
do?
Que13. If another brand of the same product appears in the market, will you prefer to stop
buying this brand and buy the new brand?
Que14. If you don’t like to change to the new brand, then what are the reasons for
continuing to purchase the old brand?
15. A sale promotion scheme like Rs. 2/- off, 10 gms extra, a candy free, etc. would
affect your purchase decision.
YES NO
16. If you want to buy a wafer chocolate, say KitKat and if it is not available you would
settle for a Bar chocolate, say 5 Star or Cadbury’s Dairy Milk.
YES NO
17. An ideal chocolate would taste as follows:-
Bitter Wafer enrobed
Caramels, Nuts inside
High on Sweet content
Any others (Please specify)
18. On an occasion I would like to gift a chocolate to a loved one.
YES NO
19. Most of my chocolate purchases are pre-planned.
YES NO
20. What size of a chocolate do you normally buy?
5 gms. 25 gms./30gms. 80 gms.
Super Saver Packs (105 gms.) 200 gms.
21. Are you happy with the kind of chocolate brands available in India, today?
YES NO
23. The price of your favourite brand or preferred brand of chocolate is:
High & Expensive77 Reasonably OK
Cheap
24. If the price of your favourite brand is reduced, you will buy more of it?
YES NO
PERSONAL DETAILS
Name:
Address:
Age:
Gender:
Phone Number:
Marital status:
Education:
Profession:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.cadburyindia.com
http://www.nestle.com
http://www.aphrodite-chocolates.co.uk/history_chocolate.htm
http://www.google.com
http://www.cadbury.co.nz/carnival/index.htm
http://www.packaging-technology.com/…/cadbury4.html
http://www.chocolatereview.co.uk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/preference