Survey I Practicals
Survey I Practicals
Survey I Practicals
OBJECTIVE:
The main purpose of this experiment is to find the length with a human
pace. It is useful when rough estimates are needed and no instruments are present at
hand.
APPARATUS:
Measuring Tape,
Ranging rods
PROCEDURE:
First mark a straight line of a standard length on a flat firm ground. Walk on the line
with normal foot steps and count the number of paces .Record three observation of
number of paces. Calculate the number of average paces by adding them and dividing by
three. Then calculate the standard pace by dividing the average pace with the total
length of tape.
PRECAUTIONS:
OBJECTIVE:
APPARATUS:
Measuring Tape
PROCEDURE:
The steel tape is taken and two parties are made. One party stands at
the point from where measurement is started and the other party goes to the point up
till which measurement is required. The observation is made and the distance observed
is recorded, in this way whole of the building is measured and each length is recorded in
the copy. Then some scale is chosen to represent these measurements on the field book
and it is drawn on the field book like a plan.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Measuring tape should be at the same level on both sides.
OBJECTIVE:
The main purpose of this experiment is get familiar with the method of
off-set surveying which is a simple technique to show the information about the area.
APPARATUS:
i) Chain
ii) Tape
iii) Ranging Rods
RELEVANT INFORMATION:
CHAINAGE: Distance measured along the chain line up to the point from where we take
offset.
PROCEDURE:
It includes following steps,
a) First of all select the Station from where we have to start our survey.
b) After selecting the station say A, also select the next station say B, fix the ranging
rod on both stations, so that both the stations are in line when seen from naked
eye.
c) Now lay down the chain from station A to station B.
d) Now take offsets at various points with the help of chain and measure distance
from the object to the chain, also measure the change of each offset.
e) Repeat this procedure for whole traverse.
f) Record all these observations in the field book.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Make sure that the tape is properly stretched and is free from any bending.
2. Check that the off-set distance recorded is the smallest (perpendicular) distance.
4. The readings recorded should be of the same units .i.e either feet or meter.
OBJECTIVE:
APPARATUS:
i) Prismatic compass
ii) Tripod stand on which Prismatic compass can be placed
iii) Metallic Chain
iv) Metallic Tape
v) Ranging Rods
vi) Plumb bob
RELEVANT INFORMATION:
PROCEDURE:
The compass is fixed over the tripod stand and is centered over the station where
the bearing is to be found. This is done with the plumb bob. Then the compass is
properly levelled with the help of the bubble given on the compass. Adjust the prism to
view the readings correctly. Then the compass is turned until the rod at the next station
is bisected. When the needle comes to rest look through the prism and note the
reading .It will give the required bearing. Record this reading and accordingly repeat the
same procedure for the whole traverse. Stations without local attraction are founded and
other readings are corrected in accordance with these readings.
4. Observe the readings twice or thrice to make sure that they are free from any human
error.
OBJECTIVE:
APPARATUS:
Tilting level,
Tripod stand,
Measuring tape,
Hand level
RELEVANT INFORMATION:
First of all staff is placed on the bench mark and hand level is used to
check its verticality. Then level is set up at any arbitrary point at some distance from the
staff say 100 ft. It is properly levelled. Then the staff reading is taken and recorded as
backsight in the book. The distance between the staff and the level is measured using the
tape. After wards the staff is shifted to the other point whose reduce level has to be
determined. This observation is called the foresight and any reading observed in
between the backsight and foresight is called the intermediate sight. In this manner the
level and staff are moved up till the required point, of which reduce level is to be
founded.
PRECAUTIONS:
2. Check the level of the tilting level and make sure that it is not disturbed while
observing the reading.
3. Make sure that the readings observed are free form any parallax error.
5. Check that the entries of B.S, I. S, F.S are correctly executed in the field book.
OBJECTIVE:
APPARATUS:
Tilting level,
Tripod stand,
Measuring tape,
Hand level
RELEVANT INFORMATION:
PROCEDURE:
First of all staff is placed on the bench mark and hand level is used to
check its verticality. Then level is set up at any arbitrary point at some distance from the
staff say 100 ft. It is properly levelled. Then the staff reading is taken and recorded as
backsight in the book. The distance between the staff and the level is measured using the
tape. After wards the staff is shifted to the other point whose reduce level has to be
determined. This observation is called the foresight and any reading observed in
between the backsight and foresight is called the intermediate sight. In this manner the
level and staff are moved up till the required point, of which reduce level is to be
founded.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Make sure that the staff is held vertical.
2. Check the level of the tilting level and make sure that it is not disturbed while
observing the reading.
3. Make sure that the readings observed are free form any parallax error.
5. Check that the entries of B.S, I. S, F.S are correctly executed in the field book.
OBJECTIVE:
The main purpose of this experiment is to know the purpose of plane table
and to be familiar with different methods of plane tabling.
APPARATUS:
i) The Plane Table
ii) The Alidade
iii) The Spirit Level
iv) The Compass
v) U-Fork or Plumbing Fork with Plumb Bob
There are four methods of plane table surveying, but the method we adopted in the field
is “Traversing Method”.
RELEVANT INFORMATION:
Plane tabling is a graphical method of surveying, hence, the field work and plotting are
done simultaneously and such survey does not involve use of field book.
PROCEDURE:
2. Mark the position of the station correctly and accurately with the alidade.