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    Parasitology Reviewer: Monica Kristine Reyes

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    Mariel Yanes Garcia
    This document provides a summary of key parasites and the stages of their life cycles. It discusses the infective stages, eggs, larvae, and adult forms of parasites like Ascaris, Trichuris, Capillaria, hookworms, Enterobius, tapeworms, Schistosoma, Paragonimus, malaria parasites, Entamoeba, Giardia, and Trypanosomes. Diagrams are included to illustrate parasite eggs, larvae, adults, and the hosts and vectors involved in their transmission. The summary highlights morphological features used to identify and differentiate between parasite species.

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    Parasitology Reviewer: Monica Kristine Reyes

    Uploaded by

    Mariel Yanes Garcia
    2K views34 pages
    This document provides a summary of key parasites and the stages of their life cycles. It discusses the infective stages, eggs, larvae, and adult forms of parasites like Ascaris, Trichuris, Capillaria, hookworms, Enterobius, tapeworms, Schistosoma, Paragonimus, malaria parasites, Entamoeba, Giardia, and Trypanosomes. Diagrams are included to illustrate parasite eggs, larvae, adults, and the hosts and vectors involved in their transmission. The summary highlights morphological features used to identify and differentiate between parasite species.

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    Parasitology Reviewer

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    This document provides a summary of key parasites and the stages of their life cycles. It discusses the infective stages, eggs, larvae, and adult forms of parasites like Ascaris, Trichuris, Capillaria, hookworms, Enterobius, tapeworms, Schistosoma, Paragonimus, malaria parasites, Entamoeba, Giardia, and Trypanosomes. Diagrams are included to illustrate parasite eggs, larvae, adults, and the hosts and vectors involved in their transmission. The summary highlights morphological features used to identify and differentiate between parasite species.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views34 pages

    Parasitology Reviewer: Monica Kristine Reyes

    Uploaded by

    Mariel Yanes Garcia
    This document provides a summary of key parasites and the stages of their life cycles. It discusses the infective stages, eggs, larvae, and adult forms of parasites like Ascaris, Trichuris, Capillaria, hookworms, Enterobius, tapeworms, Schistosoma, Paragonimus, malaria parasites, Entamoeba, Giardia, and Trypanosomes. Diagrams are included to illustrate parasite eggs, larvae, adults, and the hosts and vectors involved in their transmission. The summary highlights morphological features used to identify and differentiate between parasite species.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 34
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    The document discusses the distinguishing morphological features of various parasite eggs, larvae, adult worms, and life cycles.

    Parasite eggs can be distinguished based on features of the egg shell like bipolar plugs, striations, and flattened sides. The contents may also provide clues like clusters of germ cells vs single nuclei.

    Taenia solium has an armed scolex with hooklets and infects pork. T. saginata has an unarmed scolex and infects beef. T. solium can cause cysts in the CNS. The eggs cannot be differentiated.

    Parasitology Reviewer

    Monica Kristine Reyes


    ASCARIS
    Unfertilized vs. fertilized egg (eggs are the non-
    infective stages)
    Infective stage: embryonated

    Unfertilized egg
    Fertilized eggs
    Adult Trichuris
    • Male has COILED posterior end
    • Habitat: found in colon; mainly in cecum
    Trichuris egg
    • Prominent BIPOLAR plugs
    Capillaria egg
    • With FLAT bipolar plugs (similar to Trichuris na
    bipolar pero mas flat)
    • STRIATED capsule
    BUCCAL CAPSULE: hookworms
    Acylostoma duodenale
    Necator Americanus
    Hookworm egg
    Enterobius egg
    Microfilaria
    Ancylostoma duodenale
    • 2 pairs of teeth

    Mukhang tiger! RAAAAAAR! =)


    Necator Americanus

    Looks like penis to me. Haha!


    Hookworm egg
    • Thin egg shell
    • Germ cells happen to be in clusters
    • Morula stage: egg cells start to divide

    Parang plastic balloon


    yung casing di ba? =)
    Enterobius eggs
    • Deposited at perianal space
    • Coating: for attachment (primary manifestation is
    PRURITUS…kaya nagkakamot ng pwet ang pasyente;
    usually paggabi)
    • Egg shell is FLAT on ONE side (Trichuris: bipolar,
    nakabulge…Capillaria: bipolar din pero medyo flat…ang
    Enterobius, parang napipi ang isang side)
    • Larva in external structures
    • Very easy transmission due to larva in egg (matures in
    4-6 hours)
    • Can be acquired through inhalation
    Enterobius eggs

    Fertilized enterobius egg

    Enterobius eggs in colon


    Microfilaria
    • Criculates in blood
    • Periodicity; NIGHT time (collect blood sample
    8pm-2am)
    • ICT: immunochromatography test (can detect
    it even during daytime)
    :card test; antigen detection test
    Microfilaria
    (Wuchureria bancrofti) microfilaria
    Cephalic phase: generally short

    Cephalic space: generally short


    Somatic cells: discrete and body nuclei
    separate
    Microfilaria
    • Brugia Malayi

    Big somatic cells: overlapping


    Longer cephalic space
    SCOLICES: tapeworms
    Taenia solium
    Taenia saginata
    Schistosoma japonicum
    Paragonimus Westermani
    Taenia solium
    • Armed scolex
    • Rostellum with hooklets
    • PORK

    Gravid segments: main uterus with lateral branches


    8 to 12 lateral segments
    Taenia saginata
    • Unarmed scolex
    • BEEF

    Lateral branches: 15
    or more

    Solium is worse than


    saginata…may cyst
    deposition kasi sa CNS
    ang solium
    Taenia eggs
    • Cannot differentiate from each other (solium
    and saginata)
    Adult Schistosoma Japonicum
    • Canal (GYNECOPHORAL): used by male to
    carry female during copula (how sweet!)
    • Parang Filipino men: sweet pero polygamous!
    Schistosoma eggs
    • No operculum but with miracidium
    • Not mature when passed out by female
    • Matures in tissues

    eggs are usually round and have a


    small spine or no spine. (lateral
    knob)
    Oncomelania Hupensis Quadrasi
    • Intermediate host of local S. japonicum
    Immature Paragonimus Westermani
    • Very WIDE OPERCULUM
    • Germ cells: immature; no miracidia
    • Abopercular thickening
    Adult Paragonimus eggs
    • Localized in lungs; “lung fluke”
    • Mistaken for TB
    • Main manifestation- hemoptysis
    Sundathelphusa Philippina
    • Intermediate host: Paragonimiasis
    • 1st pair of arm: one is smaller (R<L)
    Echinostoma: intestinal flukes
    • Kuhol: can carry metacercaria of Echinostoma
    (intestinal fluke)
    Entamoeba Histolytica cyst
    • Chromatoidal bar: rounded ends (cigar-
    shaped)
    :product of excess food
    Entamoeba Trophozoite
    • Long and fingerlike pseudopodium
    • Invasive psuedopodium: can carry RBC
    • Certally located nucleus and nucleolus
    Entamoeba coli cyst
    • 1-8 nucleated cyst
    • Off-centered, eccentric nucleus
    • Chromatoidall bar; jagged ends; “needle
    sticks”
    Giardia lamblia
    • Smiling face; binucleated
    Trypanosomes
    • What OFWs bring home: Leishmania and
    Trypanosomes
    malaria
    P. falciparum
    • Malignant malaria
    • Ring stages: 1/5 of infected cell
    • Inbetween rings and germ cells/ gametocytes
    • Mature every 36-40 hours
    • Schizonts: smooth muscle organ vasculature
    • Peripheral smear: if these appear, emergency
    case na!
    P. vivax
    • Tendency: young RBCs
    • Pigments: Sheffner’s dots (degradative
    products)
    • Mature Schizonts: 12-24 merozoites
    • Merozoites: released when matured; invade
    other RBCs
    • Mature every 48 hours (asexual phase)
    P. malariae
    • BAND formation
    • “belt” trophozoite
    • Normal sized RBCs
    • Mature every 72 hours (asexual phase)
    • Produces FEWEST merozoites
    • Flower: rosette formation (Schizonts)

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