BS 302 - 1-1987 Stranded Steel Wire Ropes PDF
BS 302 - 1-1987 Stranded Steel Wire Ropes PDF
BS 302 - 1-1987 Stranded Steel Wire Ropes PDF
UDC 677.721
BS 302-1:
1987
BS 302-1:1987
Date of issue
Comments
BS 302-1:1987
Contents
Committees responsible
Foreword
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Page
Inside front cover
ii
Scope
Definitions
Material
Manufacture
Diameter and ovality of rope
Length of rope
Inspection and testing
Certificates
Identification
Packing
1
1
2
3
3
3
4
6
7
7
10
3
3
4
5
Publications referred to
BSI 01-1999
8
8
8
9
9
5
6
6
8
9
10
BS 302-1:1987
Foreword
This Part of BS 302 has been prepared under the direction of the Mechanical
Handling Standards Committee. It is one Part of a combined revision of
BS 302:1968, BS 236:1968, BS 329:1968, BS 330:1968, BS 365:1968 and
BS 3530:1968, which are withdrawn. BS 302 is now published in six Parts and
takes account of both national and international developments since 1968.
This Part (Part 1) specifies general requirements for all steel wire ropes covered
by this standard. The other Parts specify additional requirements for particular
uses of ropes:
Part 2: Specification for ropes for general purposes;
Part 3: Specification for zinc coated ropes for ships;
Part 4: Specification for ropes for lifts;
Part 5: Specification for ropes for hauling purposes;
Part 6: Specification for ropes for mine hoisting.
Two further Parts are in preparation, covering larger diameter ropes (64 mm
to 205 mm diameter) and higher strength ropes and will be Parts 7 and 8
respectively.
In line with the principles of international standard ISO 2408, published by the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the constructions are
grouped according to the number of outer wires in the strands. The general
requirements of BS 302-1 and the methods used for calculating breaking loads
and approximate masses are in accordance with ISO 2408. In respect of
individual usages, the ropes in Parts 2 and 3 are fully in accordance with
ISO 2408 and those in section 2 of Part 4 are in accordance with ISO 4344. In each
of these parts however, certain additional ropes still in common use in the UK
have been included.
In line with current international practice, the term zinc coated has been
adopted in this standard in place of galvanized. The terms are synonymous.
Purchasers ordering to BS 302 are advised to specify in their purchasing contract
that the manufacturer operate a quality system in compliance with the
appropriate Part of BS 5750, or suitable equivalent, to ensure themselves that
products claimed to comply with BS 302 consistently achieve the required level of
quality.
Wire rope users will find valuable information in the companion publication
BS 6570 Code of practice for the selection, care and maintenance of steel wire
ropes.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
1 Scope
This Part of BS 302 specifies the general
requirements for the steel wire ropes whose
particular requirements are specified in other Parts
of this standard.
2.10
core of a triangular strand
a core which consists of a solid triangular wire, three
round wires formed into a triangle, or a built-up core
(BUC)
2.11
built-up core (BUC) of a triangular strand
2 Definitions
2.12
main core
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
2.19
filler wires
2.28
equal lay construction
2.20
stranding
spinning wires together to form a strand
2.21
round strand rope
a stranded rope in which the strands are made of
wires disposed in such a manner that the
perpendicular cross section of the strand is
approximately circular in shape
2.22
triangular strand rope (TS)
a stranded rope in which the strands are made of
wires disposed in such a manner that the
perpendicular cross section of the strand is
approximately triangular in shape
2.23
multi-strand rope
a stranded rope in which two or more layers of
strand are spun helically around the main core. The
layers of strands are so disposed that, when under
tension, the rope will have the minimum obtainable
torque or rotational tendency. Sometimes known as
non-rotating or rotation resistant
2.24
lay
the designation of the direction in which the wires
are spun in the strand and the strands are spun in
the rope. It will be either right-hand (RH)
or left-hand (LH)
2.25
lay length
that distance in a strand or rope, measured parallel
to the longitudinal axis, in which the wire in the
strand or the strand in the rope makes one complete
turn (or helix) about the axis of the strand or rope
2.26
ordinary lay construction
a rope construction in which the direction of lay of
the wires in the strands is opposite to the direction
of lay of the strands in the rope. Otherwise known as
regular lay
2.27
langs lay construction
a rope construction in which the direction of lay of
the outer layer of wires in the strands is the same as
the direction of lay of the strands in the rope
2.29
cross lay construction
a rope construction in which the wires in successive
layers of the strand are spun at approximately the
same lay angle. It follows that the wires in
successive layers in the strand make point contact
2.30
preforming
forming the finished strands into the helical shape
they will assume in the finished rope thus lying
naturally in their true position without constraint
2.31
eye
a loop formed and secured at the end of a rope
2.32
nominal diameter
the value by which the diameter of the wire or rope
is designated
2.33
actual diameter
the measured diameter of the wire or rope
2.34
kinking
the tightening of a loop resulting in the permanent
distortion of the wires and strands
2.35
tread diameter
the diameter of the sheave measured at the bottom
of the groove
3 Material
3.1 Wire
Wire used for ropes shall comply with sections one
and two (general purpose wire) or sections one and
three (high duty wire) of BS 2763:1982 as specified
in the Parts of BS 302 relating to the particular
types of stranded steel wire ropes.
3.2 Fibre cores
3.2.1 Fibre cores shall be of natural or man-made
fibre. Where a fibre core of 4 mm diameter and over
is used it shall comply with BS 525.
3.2.2 Ropes having man-made fibre cores shall not
be subjected to any end fitting process which
involves temperatures that melt the fibre.
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
3.3 Lubricant
The lubricant shall be free from acid or significant
alkali content and shall have no injurious effect on
the steel wires or on the fibre content of the cores.
4 Manufacture
4.1 Strand
4.1.1 The strand shall be uniformly made and be
free from slack wires and other defects.
4.1.2 In an equal lay construction all wires of the
strand shall be stranded in one operation unless the
king wire of a strand is so large as to be considered
undesirable; then, at the manufacturers discretion,
it shall be replaced by a multi-wire strand
manufactured in a separate stranding operation.
4.1.3 King wires shall be large enough to enable the
covering wires to be evenly laid.
4.2 Rope
4.2.1 The rope shall be uniformly made, free from
defects, and the strands shall lie tightly on the core
or the under-lying strands. When uncoiled under no
load the rope shall not be wavy.
4.2.2 All strands except those of multi-strand ropes
shall be of the same construction and direction of
lay.
4.2.3 The core shall be large enough to enable the
covering strands to be evenly laid.
4.2.4 In zinc coated ropes, all the wires shall be zinc
coated, including those of the steel core.
4.3 Preforming
All ropes except those of multi-strand construction
shall be either preformed or unpreformed.
NOTE 1 If a non-preformed rope is required this should be
stated on the enquiry and/or order.
NOTE 2 Multi-strand ropes are not preformed.
4.4 Joints
Except for lift ropes (see BS 302-4), wires
exceeding 0.40 mm diameter shall be joined by
welding or brazing.
BSI 01-1999
Rope construction
All constructions
except 6 12, 6 24
Paragon
6 12, 6 24
Paragon
% of d
% of d
mm
2 and 3
7
1
8
1
4 and 5
6
1
8
1
6 and 7
5
1
7
1
8 and over
4
1
6
1
Rope construction
All constructions
except 6 12, 6 24
Paragon
6 12, 6 24
Paragon
% of d
% of d
mm
2 and 3
4 and 5
6 and 7
8 and over
6 Length of rope
The length of a rope, measured under no load and
expressed in metres, shall be the specified length,
subject to the following tolerances:
Up to and including + 5 %
400 m
0
Over 400 m
+20 m for each 1 000 m or
0
part thereof
NOTE 1 The length of a rope should be specified by the
purchaser on the order to the manufacturer.
NOTE 2 Ropes required with smaller tolerance, for example
those fitted with a termination at each end, will be the subject of
special agreement between purchaser and manufacturer.
Measurement is taken from bearing point to bearing point.
BS 302-1:1987
Bright or drawn
zinc coated (class
A or class Z)
From
incl.
To
excl.
Plus
Minus
Plus
Minus
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
0.20
0.25
0.40
0.25
0.40
1.00
0.01
0.01
0.015
0.005
0.01
0.015
1.00
1.60
2.40
3.70
1.60
2.40
3.70
5.00
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
1)
N/mm2 = 1 MPa.
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
To excl.
Tensile grade
1 370
N/mm2
mm
1 420
N/mm2
1 570
N/mm2
1 770
N/mm2
1 420
N/mm2
1 570
N/mm2
1 770
N/mm2
1 420
N/mm2
1 570
N/mm2
mm
0.50
1.00
1.30
1.80
1.00
1.30
1.80
2.30
24
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
23
23
23
22
21
20
20
19
21
21
21
20
21
21
21
20
19
18
17
14
14
2.30
3.00
3.50
3.80
3.00
3.50
3.80
4.00
22
21
20
19
21
20
20
18
21
20
20
18
17
17
16
15
20
20
12
11
12
11
4.00
4.20
4.40
4.60
4.20
4.40
4.60
4.80
19
18
18
17
17
17
17
16
17
17
17
16
14
14
13
11
NOTE
Tensile grade
From incl.
To excl.
1 570 N/mm2
mm
mm
1 770 N/mm2
0.80
1.00
1.30
1.80
1.00
1.30
1.80
2.30
26
26
25
23
25
23
23
21
2.30
3.00
3.50
3.80
3.00
3.50
3.80
4.10
23
22
21
20
20
18
17
16
NOTE
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
mm
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.80
2.90
3.00
3.10
3.20
3.30
3.40
3.50
3.60
3.70
3.80
3.90
4.00
9
8
8
8
8
7
3.75
13
12
11
9
8
12
11
10
8
7
5.0
11
10
9
8
7
10
9
8
7
6
7.5
12
11
11
10
9
8
8
7
7
6
11
11
10
9
8
8
7
6
5
5
10
9
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
9
8
8
7
6
6
5
5
5
5
10.0
Nominal diameter of
zinc coated wire
Minimum weight
From
incl.
To excl.
Class Z
Class A
mm
mm
g/m2
g/m2
0.50
0.25
0.33
0.40
0.50
0.60
18
27
27
36
45
27
40
54
67
81
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.50
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.50
1.90
54
63
72
81
90
99
117
135
148
162
1.90
2.50
3.20
3.70
4.25
2.50
3.20
3.70
4.25
5.00
99
112
121
121
135
184
207
225
234
247
0.20
0.25
mm
2.5
0.33
0.40
NOTE
8 Certificates
8.1 Ropes for use within the jurisdiction of the
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
A certificate of compliance2) shall be supplied with
each consignment of rope, and it shall include a
statement that it complies with this standard.
2)
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
9 Identification
The test certificate number, the rope size and
construction, the number of this British Standard
and the relevant Part number and year shall be
legibly and durably marked upon a tag securely
attached to each coil or reel.
10 Packing
Ropes in accordance with BS 302-5 and BS 302-6
and multi-strand ropes shall be supplied on reels;
other ropes shall be supplied in coils or on reels. The
ropes shall be protected in transit against damage
by moisture, dust or dirt.
NOTE If the purchaser requires a particular packing, this
should be stated on the enquiry and order (see Appendix F).
3)
Marking BS 302 on or in relation to a product is a claim by the manufacturer that the product has been manufactured in
accordance with the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of such a claim is therefore solely the manufacturers
responsibility. Enquiries as to the availability of third party certification should be addressed to the appropriate certification
body.
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
mm
Under 6
6 to 20
Over 20
mm
300
600
30d
Appendix C Determination of
minimum breaking force and mass of
rope
C.1 Determination of minimum breaking force
The minimum breaking force. Fo, in kN, is
calculated using the following equation:
2
K9 d R
F 0 = --------------------0
1 000
where
d is the nominal diameter of the rope (in mm);
R0 is the tensile grade of wire (in N/mm2);
k9
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
Rope group
Man-made
fibre core
K1p
Steel core
K2
--------K 1n
K2
--------K 1p
Minimum breaking
force factor
Fibre core
Steel
core
K1
K2
K9 2
--------K9 1
K2
67
6 19
6 36
Equal lay
6 19
6 37
Cross lay
0.346
0.340
0.381
1.10
1.12
0.332
0.359
1.08
0.361
0.352
0.398
1.10
1.13
0.330
0.356
1.08
0.346
0.346
0.337
0.337
0.381
1.10
1.13
0.307
0.295
0.332
1.08
6 12
0.251
0.231
0.209
6 24
0.308
0.295
0.280
0.362
0.300
12 6/3 24
17 7
18 7
0.390
0.328
34 7
36 7
0.390
0.318
a
a
a
a
a
c
c
c
8 19
8 26
0.347
0.339
0.293
6 8TS
6 22TS
6 25TS
0.410
0.400
0.447
1.09
1.12
0.362
0.384
1.06
0.410
0.400
0.447
1.09
1.12
0.351
0.372
1.06
a In
b In
c Not
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
Up to 50 wires
51 to 90 wires
91 to 150 wires
8
13
20
1
1
1
a
10
Non- conformity
2
2
2
BSI 01-1999
BS 302-1:1987
Publications referred to
BS 525, Fibre cores for wire ropes.
BS 1610, Materials testing machines and force verification equipment.
BS 1610-1, Specification for the grading of the forces applied by materials testing machines.
BS 2763, Specification for round carbon steel wire for wire ropes.
BS 5750, Quality systems4).
BS 5750-2, Specification for manufacture and installation.
BS 6570, Code of practice for the selection, care and maintenance of steel wire ropes4).
ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes Characteristics4).
ISO 4344, Steel wire ropes for lifts4).
4) Referred
BSI 01-1999
BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL
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