9 Art LM - Mod.1.v1.0 PDF

9
A Journey
through
A
Journey Through
Western
Music and
andArts
Arts
Western Music
Learners Material
Art
Unit 1: Western Classical Art
Traditions
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by
educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
action@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
A Journey through Western Music and Arts Grade 9
Music and Arts - Learners Material

First Edition, 2014
ISBN: 978-971-9601-73-9
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of
such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a
condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trade- marks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
DepEd is represented by the Filipinas Copyright Licensing Society (FILCOLS), Inc. in
seeking permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC
Undersecretary: Dina S. Ocampo, PhD
Development Team of the Learners Material
Authors: Mary Grace J. Badiola, Mary Ann C. Vecino, Danilo S. Duyan, Althea
Mae B. Bongcawil, Jenny C. Mendoza, Gail Josephine P. Bustillo,
Ace Sauden B. Pambuan and Lourdes R. Siobal
Consultants: Dolores T. Andres and Alice A. Paares
Validators: Lodilee O. Atienza, Melvin Anthony A. Sabio, and
Rufino B. Diamante Jr.
Book Designer: Joy Ilagan, Visual Communication Department,
UP College of Fine Arts
Subject Specialist: Christine N. Graza-Magboo
Management Team: Dir. Jocelyn DR. Andaya and Jose D. Tuguinayo Jr.
Printed in the Philippines by Vibal Group, Inc.
Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat
(DepEd-IMCS)
Office Address: 5th Floor Mabini Building, DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (02) 634-1054 o 634-1072
E-mail Address: imcsetd@yahoo.com
ARTS
Unit 1: Western Classical Art Traditions
Standards
Introduction
Objectives
Pre-Assessment
What To Know
Paintings
Paintings from the Pre-Historic Era
Paintings from Ancient Egypt
Paintings from the Classical Greek Era
Paintings from the Roman Era
Byzantine Painting
Romanesque Painting
Paintings from the Gothic Era
Sculptures
Sculptures from the Pre-Historic Era
Sculptures from the Egyptian Era
Greek Sculptures
Roman Sculptures
Byzantine Sculptures
Romanesque Sculptures
Gothic Sculptures
Architecture
Pre-Historic Architecture
136
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
147
149
150
151
153
154
155
156
157
158
158
159
Egyptian Architecture ........................................................................ 161

Greek Architecture ............................................................................ 163
Roman Architecture........................................................................... 164
Byzantine Architecture ...................................................................... 164
Romanesque Architecture ................................................................. 165
Gothic Architecture ........................................................................... 165
What To Process................................................................................................. 166
What To Understand ........................................................................................... 177
What To Transfer ................................................................................................ 182
Summary ............................................................................................................ 184
Glossary.............................................................................................................. 184
References ......................................................................................................... 186
Western
Classical Art
Traditions
Unit 1
Learners Material
Arts Teacher's
Guide
Arts Learners Material
unit 1
Western Classical
Art Traditions
LEARNING AREA STANDARD
The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes
in music and art through appreciation, analysis, and performance for his/her
self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity,
and expansion of his/her world vision.
key - stage STANDARD

The learner demonstrates an understanding of salient features of music and
arts of the Philippines and the world through appreciation, analysis, and
performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity
and diversity, and the expansion of ones world vision.
grade level STANDARD

The learner demonstrates an understanding of salient features of Western music
and the arts from different historical periods through appreciation, analysis, and
performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity
and diversity, and the expansion of ones world vision.
136
Western Classical Art Traditions
CONTENT STANDARDs
the learner demonstrates understanding of art elements and processes
by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills
demonstrates understanding that the arts are integral to the development
of organizations, spiritual belief, historical events, scientific discoveries,
natural disasters/ occurrences, and other external phenomenon
PERFORMANCE STANDARDs
The learner performs/ participates completely in a presentation of a
creative impression (verbal/ nonverbal) of a particular artistic period
Recognizes the difference and uniqueness of the art styles of the different
periods (techniques, process, elements, and principles of art)
137
INTRODUCTION
In this module you will learn that:
Even before humans learned to read and write they were already artists as
manifested by the different archeological discoveries from the different parts
of the world.
Each and every civilization of the world has its distinct art forms depending
on its aesthetic and utilitarian needs.
Pre-historic art is classified into three periods such as; Paleolithic (Old Stone
Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (New Stone Age) Eras.
Egyptian Civilization was one of the early civilizations that have greatly
contributed in the development of art, religion, science, and technology of the
world. Egyptian art is primarily religious in nature.
Ancient Greek art depicts naturalism. They portray human forms in a realistic and anatomically correct manner. Their art has a conservative form with a
very complex detail.
Roman art developed as a new source of artistic creativity much more progressive than the conservative Greek art. The diversity of its form and its variety
inspired the modern attitude in art.
Byzantine art was purposely made to glorify the Christian religion and to
express its mystery. It is filled with spiritual symbolism, illustrates a love of
splendor. It was a combination of Eastern (decorative art forms) and classical
Western art (naturalistic art).
Romanesque art was characterized by its very vigorous style in painting and
sculpture, lavishly decorated manuscripts, and retained many basic features of
Roman architectural styles. It was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art with
a highly innovative and coherent style.
The basic characteristics of Gothic art styles reinforce symbolic meanings. The
church symbolizes the transcendence of the soul, and the underlying philosophy
is to create buildings of height and light.
Different eras, different styles, characteristics, and functions of the arts
occurred but all of those contributed in the development and establishing the
importance of arts in our lives today.
138
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, learners are expected to:
Analyze art elements and principles in the production of work following
the style of Ancient art (Pre-historic and Egyptian Art), Classical Art
(Greek and Roman Art), Medieval Art (Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic)
Identify distinct characteristics of arts during the different art periods.
Identify representative artists from various art periods
Reflect on and derive the mood, idea, or message emanating from selected
artworks
Determine the effectiveness of artworks by evaluating its utilization and
combination of art elements and principles
Use artworks to derive the tradition/history of an art period
Compare the characteristics of artworks produced in the different art
periods
Create artworks guided by techniques and styles from different art periods
Describe the influence of iconic artists belonging to western Classical art
on the evolution of art forms
Apply different media techniques and processes to communicate ideas,
experiences, and stories showing the characteristics of Western Classical
art traditions
Evaluate works of art in terms of artistic concepts and ideas using criteria
from the Western Classical art tradition
Show the influence of Western Classical art traditions to Philippine art form
Mount an exhibit using computed Western Classical art traditions
139
PRE-ASSESSMENT:
From the choices below, write the letters corresponding to the pictures on the
Eras where they should belong.
Timeline Photo:
Pre-historic
1
Egyptian
2
Ancient Art
1,500,000BC2,000BC
Greek
3
Roman
4
Classical Art
2,000BC-400BC
Byzantine
5
Romanesque
6
Medieval Art
400 BC-1,400 AD
Choices:
b. Calyx-crater (mixing
bowl)
a. Cave of Lascaux
c. Enthroned Madonna and Child
d. Hieroglyphics
140
Gothic
7
e. Venus of
Willendorf
f. Rose window
g. The Morgan Leaf
h. Aphrodite (fresco)
Things to ponder:
1. How did you classify the different artworks into their respective periods?
2. What was your basis of classification?
WHAT TO KNOW
In this lesson, you will learn about the different characteristics, functions, and
types of art forms (painting, sculpture, architecture) from Pre-Historic (including ancient Egyptian art forms), Classical (Greek and Roman), to Medieval era
(Baroque and Romanesque art forms). Try to analyze each art form and discover
how they develop in every period.
PRE-HISTORIC ERA
Pre-historic includes all human existence before the emergence of writing.
Their art is of interest not only to the art historians but also to archeologist and
anthropologist, for whom the art is only one clue along with fossils, pollens,
and other finds to an understanding of early human life and culture.
141
Paintings from the Pre-historic Era

Their paintings were found inside the caves which may have been their way
of communicating with each other. It may also be for religious or ceremonial
purposes.
These paintings may be more an artifact of the archeological evidence than
a true picture of humans first created art.
Prehistoric drawings of animals were usually correct in proportion.
Cave of Lascaux, 1
5000-10000 B.C. Stone Age Image from
Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
The dominant features in the painting were large animals native in the region.
It was discovered on September 12, 1940 and given statutory historic monument
protection. The painting has nearly 2,000 figures composed mainly of animals,
human figures, and abstract design. Some sections have been identified inside
the cave such as: The Great Hall of the Bulls, The Lateral Passage, The Shaft
of the Dead man, The Chamber of Engravings, The Painted Gallery, and the
Chamber of Felines.
142
Paintings from Ancient Egypt

The purpose of Egyptian paintings is to make the deceased afterlife place pleasant.
With this in mind, themes include journey to the underworld introducing the
deceased to the gods of the underworld by their protective deities.
It emphasizes the importance of life after death and the preservation of the
knowledge of the past.
Most paintings were highly stylized, symbolic, and shows profile view of an
animal or a person. The main colors used were red, black, blue , gold, and green
derived from mineral pigments that can withstand strong sunlight without fading.
The paintings of the walls on the tomb show events of the life of the king while
he was still on earth and the scenes he expects to encounter in the underworld
after his death.
Paintings from Sarcophagus of Tutankhamen XVIII dynasty

1362 A.D. - 1253 BC
(Images from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library)
143
Paintings from Classical Greek Era

Paintings during the classical era were most commonly found in vases, panels,
and tomb. They depict natural figures with dynamic compositions. Most of the
subjects were battle scenes, mythological figures, and everyday scenes. They
reveal a grasp of linear perspective and naturalist representation.
Most common methods of Greek painting:

1. Fresco - method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly applied
plaster usually on a wall surfaces. Colors are made of ground powder pigments
mixed in pure water, dried, and set with plaster to become a permanent part
of the wall. Ideal for murals, durable, and has a matte style.
2. Encaustic - developed by Greek ship builders, who used hot wax to fill the
cracks of the ship. Pigments (colors) were added and used to paint a wax hull.
Judgement of Paris
(370-330 B.C.)
(Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library)
144
Vase painting
Kerch Style also referred to as Kerch Vases are red, figured pottery named after
the place where it was found.
Shapes commonly found are:
1.
pelike (wine container)
2. lekanis (a low bowl with two horizontal handles and a low broad
foot)
3.
lebes gamikos (with high handles and lid use to carry bridal bath)
4.
krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water)
Most common motifs were mostly scenes from the life of women (often exaggerately
idyllic), mythological beings that were popular among the people of the black sea,
or a scene from a mythical story or event. It used a technique called polycromy, a
combination of different colors especially the brilliant ones in an artistic manner.
145
Panel Painting
They are paintings on flat panels of wood. It can be either a small, single-pieced or
several panels joined together. Most of the panel paintings no longer exist because
of their organic composition.
The earliest known panel painting is the:
Pitsa Panel
(Archaic Period between 540 and 530 B.C.E.)
(Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library)
Tomb / Wall Painting

Tomb or wall painting was very popular during the classical period. It uses the
method frescos in either tempera (water-based) or encaustic (wax). It has a
sharp, flatly outlined style of painting and because it uses water-based materials,
very few samples survived.
The image was painted using a true fresco technique with a limestone mortar.
It depicts a symposium scene on the wall.
146
Tomb of the Diver

(Paestrum 480 BCE)
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
In tomb paintings, artists rely on the shade and hues of paint to create depth
and life-like feeling.
Paintings from the Roman Era

Most of the paintings in this era were copied or imitated from Hellenic Greek
paintings. Fresco technique was used in brightly colored backgrounds; division
of the wall into a multiple rectangular areas (tic-tac-toe design); multi-point
perspective; and a tropme-l-oeil effect.
Roman paintings have a wide variety of subjects, animals, everyday life, still
life, mythological subjects, portraits, and landscapes.
The development of landscape painting is the main innovation of Roman
painting from Greek painting.
147
Mosaic
It is an art process where an image is created using an assemblage of small pieces
of colored glass, stones, or other materials.
This technique is used for decorative art or interior decorations.
The full image is a Roman floor mosaic in the House of Fun Pompei, dated
100 B.C. The whole mosaic depicts the
battle between the armies of Alexander
the Great and Darius III of Persia.
Head of Alexander
Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries

Pompeii 80 BC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pompejanischer_Maler_um_80_v._Chr._001.jpg
148
This fresco painting was believed to

depict a ceremonial rite, either marriage or
an initiation of a woman in a mystery cult.
Boscotrecase, Pompeii
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pompejanischer_Maler_um_10_20_001.jpg
Byzantine Painting
The lively styles of paintings which had been invented in Greek and Rome lived on in
Byzantium but this time for Christian subjects.
By the 11th century, the
Greek and Oriental styles seem
to blend together in magnificent,
imposing images, which adorned
the churches in large and small
forms.
The court of Empress

Theodora, mosaic
6th century AD San Vitale, Ravena
149
Theodora was an Asian Queen with dark

eyes and hair with fierce expression;
Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries

Pompeii 80 BC
(Images from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library)
Romanesque Painting
These are largely placed mosaics on the walls of the churches that follow a strict frontal
pose.
It has a remarkable variety of artistic traditions
such as modeling and treatment of faces and
draperies that follow Byzantine convention while
the refreshingly decorative feeling comes from
southern French styles. It also shows traces of
Mozarabic influence (Arabize influence) through
elongated oval faces, large staring eyes and long
noses, figures against flat colored bands and
heavy outlining.
Image from Treasures of the World,

1961 CCP Library
Christ in Majesty
Painting from the Church of Saint Clemente, Tahull,
Lerida Spain, c. 1123 Musue Nacional dArt de
Catalunya, Barcelona
Christ wears a greyish, white robe with a blue

mantle. Underneath the Mandorla (Italian word
for "almond," used to describe an enclosure
surrounding holy figures in painting) is a black
band with white writing. Each side of the center
window are three arches resting on columns of
capitals in green, red, and black and in between
of the figures of Virgin Mary and five saints are
columns of vertical, wavy line patterns. This
mural painting has been moved to Barcelona
and replaced by a replica.
150
Paintings from the Gothic Era

Paintings have been confined in the illumination of manuscript pages and the painting
of frescoes on the walls of churches in cosmopolitan style, elegant mannered, and
sophisticated.
Lady and the Unicorn tapestry
1506- 1513
Subjects usually depict popular legends and love

stories. Patterns like mille fleur or thousand
flowers show influence which may have been
due to the Crusades.
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961
CCP Library
Rose window from the North transcept

about 1230
Stained glass windows were created to transform the vast stone interiors with warm and glowing
color and at the same time to instruct Christians
in their faith.
Image from Treasures of the
World, 1961 CCP Library
The Shepherd David

13th century, Gothic manuscript illustration
The painting shows some realistic details and

nave naturalism.
151
Individual Activity
To know how much you have learned from the discussion about the paintings of the
Early Age, fill in the box with the characteristics and functions that would best describe
the painting in every era/period.
Period/Era
Ancient Paintings
Characteristics
Pre-historic
Egyptian
Classical
Paintings
Greek
Roman
Medieval
Paintings
Byzantine
Romanesque
Gothic
152
Functions
Sculptures from the Early Age
Pre-Historic Sculptures
Materials used in sculptures vary according to region and locality. Archeologists believed
that their sculpture is a result of natural erosion and not of human artistry.
Frequently carving may have mythological or religious significance.
Venus of Willendorf
28,000 B.C.E. 25,000 B.C.E
It is carved from limestone with excessively heavy breast and abdomen used as charm to ensure fertility.
Venus of Brassempouy
Musee dArchologie Nationale at Saint-Germain-enlaye
25,000 years old
A sculpture of a lady with the hood. It is a fragmentary ivory figurine
from the Upper Paleolithic era that realistically represents the
human face and hairstyle
153
Sculptures from the Egyptian Era

Symbolic elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials, color,
actions, and gestures were widely used. Their tombs required the most extensive use
of sculpture.

The most common materials used for sculptures are wood, ivory, and stones.
Characteristics of the sculptures:

1. Symbolisms were heavily used to represent the gods. They were represented
as composite creature with animal heads on human bodies
2. Relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines to record an event
or to represent an action.
3. Most of the time the gods were shown larger than humans, the kings
larger than their followers, the dead larger than the living.
4. Empty spaces were filled with figures or hieroglyphics.
5. All individual components were all brought to the plane of representation
and laid out like writing.
Queen Nefertiti, painted limestone

18th Dynasty, 1375-1357 BC
Realistic,with heavy lided eyes, slender neck, determined chin, and
pure profile under her heavy crown.
Queen, refers to the Great Royal wife of the Egyptian pharoah.
154
The Pharoah Menkaure and his Queen, stone

4th Dynasty, 2548 - 2530 B.C.E.
An example of portraits presented in rigid postures, and were
simple and powerful with very little show of private emotion.
Sculptures from the Classical Period

Greek Sculptures
Early Greek sculptures were tensed and stiff, their bodies were hidden within
enfolding robes. After three centuries of experiments, Greek sculptures had
finally evolved and showed all the points of human anatomy and proportion.
One of the most popular styles of the greek sculptures was the Hellenistic
style. Hellenistic denotes a preference in sculpture for more elaborated
patterns, mannered arrangement of figures and groups, and an emphasis on
the representation of movement for dramatic effects.
Myron; The Discobulus,

450 BC Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
Shows an attitude of maximum tension, full of compressed
energy, and about to explode an action.
155
Roman Sculptures
Most Roman sculptures are made of monumental terra-cotta. They did not attempt to compete with the free standing Greek works of history or mythology
but rather they produced reliefs in the Great Roman triumphal columns with
continuous narrative reliefs around.
The Portonacio Sarcophagus

between 180 - 190 BCE
Museu Nationale Romano
Used for the burial of Roman General involved in the campaign of Marcus Aurellius
The best known and most elaborate of all sarcophagus (It is a box-like funeral receptacle for a dead body. Comes from a
Greek word sarx meaning "flesh" and phagein meaning to eat)
It depicts battle scenes between Romans and Germans
Carved in marble
156
Sarcopagus, from cervetiri, c.

520 BCE, Museo Nazionale de Villa Giulia, Rome
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP
Library
Made of Terra Cotta
length 67 (2.06 m)
a husband and wife are shown reclining
comfortably, as if they were on a couch
ByzantineSculptures
The dominant themes in Byzantine sculptures are religious, everyday life scenes, and
motifs from nature.
Animals were used as symbols (dove, deer, peafowl) while some had acrostic signs
(form of writing in which a message is formed by taking the first letter, syllable, or
word of different lines and putting them together) that contained a great theological
significance.
The Barberini Diptych

an early example of Byzantine Ivory work
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barberini_Ivory
157
Romanesque Sculptures
Some of the famous sculptural pieces are reliquaries, altar frontals, crucifixes, and devotional images. Small individual works of art were generally made of costly materials
for royal and aristocratic patrons. These lightweight devotional images were usually
carried during processions both inside and outside the churches.
Last Judgement
Tymapnum (an architectural element within the
arch or pediment) of the west portal, Cathedral
of Saint-Lazare, Autun Burgundy France, c. 112035 by Gislebertus
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP
Library
Gothic Sculptures
Gothic sculptures have a greater freedom of style. They no longer lay closely against the
wall, but begun to project outward. Figures were given their own particular attitudes
instead of being set into particular patterns and are more lively and realistic.
Resurrection of the Virgin

End of the 12th century Cathedral Amiens Image
from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
158
Choose two sculptures from the different era. Compare and contrast the two using
the following indicators:
1. Name of Sculpture
2. Period, and era when it was

created
3. Materials used
4. The use of elements of arts in

the sculpture (lines, shape,
color, texture)
5. The distinctive characteristic of
the sculpture.
Architecture from the Early Age

Pre-Historic Architecture
Man has developed a form of architecture based on megaliths (a big rock) from
the Greek word lithos ("stone") and megas ("big"). This architecture is made of
huge stone blocks which were probably intended for burial.
Megalithic monuments have always ignited mans imagination. They provided plenty of legends and superstitions. During this era, stones and rocks were
associated with divinity.
159
Three main types of megalith stones

1. Menhir: a huge stone standing
vertically on the ground, usually
standing in the middle of the field
or arranged in rows
http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/17/bf/d9/carnac.jpg
2. Dolmens: The word dolmen originated

from the expression taol maen, which
means stone table. These structures
are in a form of table consisting of two
huge standing stones supporting a
horizontal giant stone. It is believed
that it served as grave or as an altar.
http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_
ylt=A2KJkezWolRS90YAGIKJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTFxa29hNzk3BHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZAMzZTiVkMGQ3N2M5OGFjn
3. Cromlech: a Brythonic word where crom means "bent" or "curved" and llech
which means "slab" or "flagstones". Literally it is a circle of standing stones.
Stonehenge: best preserved
megalithic site in Europe, a group
of stones arranged in concentric
circles, with a large external circle
of triliths (Greek word meaning
"three stones"), two internal circles
built in a similar manner and altarshaped stone in the center. It is a
http://www.timeforlearning.net/wp-content/
temple where rituals were held. The
uploads/2013/07/Stonehenge2.jpg
structure and the movement of the
sun in the sky have a connection in
terms of identifying the change of the seasons which helped the primitive
man on their rituals and on their agricultural practices.
160
Egyptian Architecture
This architectural style was developed during the pre-dynastic period 4,000BC.
Characteristics of Egyptian Architecture:

1. The structure has thick sloping walls with few openings to obtain stability.
2. The exterior and interior walls along with columns and piers were covered
with hieroglyphics and pictorial frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant
colors.
3. Ornamentations were symbolic including scarab (sacred beetle), solar
disk, vulture, and common motifs (palm leaves, buds, flower of lotus, and
papyrus plants)
4. Temples were aligned with astronomically significant events like solstices
(comes from the Latin word Sol, meaning "sun" and stitium meaning
"stoppage," as the sun appears to stand still on the first day of winter)
and equinox (a time or date when day and night are of equal length)
with precise measurements required in determining the moment of that
particular event.
Pyramids of Giza
Are the most substantial ancient structures of the world. The three pyramids are
the funerary structures of the three kings of the fourth dynasty (2575 to 2465
BC) namely:
Khufu (Cheops) whom the
Great Pyramid was attributed
to; Khafa (Chepren)whom
the pyramid next to the Great
Pyramid is attributed; and
the smallest is attributed to
Menkaura (Mycerinus).
These pyramids were made highly confusing and with many tunnels to create
confusion for grave robbers.
161
Egyptian Temples were built to serve as places of residence for the gods. They also
served as key centers for economic activity. Ancient temples were made of perishable
materials like wood, reed matting, and mud brick. Their walls were covered with
scenes that were carved onto the stone then brightly painted. Pharaoh fighting in
the battles and performing rituals with the gods were the scenes found on the walls.
Mastaba
It is a type of Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure
with outward sloping sides. It was made of mud-bricks or stones.
162
Greek Architecture
Temples consisted of a central shrine or room in an aisle surrounded by rows of columns.
These buildings were designed in one of three architectural style or orders:
DORIC
IONIC
CORINTHIAN
The Parthenon
447-432 BC, Athens
The Greatest Classical temple, ingeniously engineered to correct an optical illusion. The columns were slightly contorted, swollen at the center and leaning
inward to correct what would otherwise have been an impression of deadness
and top heaviness.
163
Roman Architecture
They built sturdy stone structures both for use and to perpetuate their glory.
The emperors erected huge halls and arenas for public games, baths, and procession.
They built them of gigantic arches of stone, bricks and concrete, or with barrel vaults.
The Colosseum
AD 70-82, Rome
http://www.colosseum.net/images/colosseumentrance.jpg
Byzantine Architecture
It has a lot in common with the early Christian architecture. Mosaic decoration was
perfected by the Byzantines, as was the use of clerestory to bring light in from high
windows. Byzantines advancement in developing the dome created a new style in
global architecture.
Hagia Sophia
Istanbul, 537 BC
Picture courtesy of planetearth 1293 blog
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/
Hagia Sophia means Holy Wisdom. It narrates how a magnificent construction transformed from being a church, into a mosque and what is now known as the Hagia
Sophia museum. One of the biggest domes ever created with 108 feet in diameter.
Because of its grand size it can be seen from miles away.
164
Romanesque Architecture
The doorways of Romanesques churches are often grand sculptured portals. Wood
or metal doors are surrounded by elaborate stone sculptures arranged in zones to fit
architectural elements.
The groin-vaulted crypt of

Worcester Cathedral
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/7/74/Worcester_cathedral_031_crop.JPG/165px-Worcester_cathedral_031_crop.JPG
Gothic Architecture
This design included two new devices: pointed arch which enabled builders to construct much higher ceiling vaults and stone vaulting borne on a network of stone ribs
supported by piers and clustered pillars.
Cathedral of Chartres
Also known as the Notre Dame Cathedral
(1145-1260)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/7/74/Worcester_cathedral_031_crop.JPG/165px-Worcester_cathedral_031_crop.JPG
Has rich architecture and design

Splendid stained glass windows
Thousands of sculptured figures
165
Activity 1: Analyze the different columns of the early age architecture

What are the distinctive characteristics of each column that shows the features of the era it was spread?
WHAT TO PROCESS
In every era that passed it leaves a remarkable contribution in the different forms
of art that has shown a noticeable influence in the arts of the new world.
Try to create an example of art work that shows the influence from the different
eras of the early age art.
Individual Activity: Rock my World

Experience how the pre-historic
people were able to make an artwork
all over the caves; create your own
version of cave art using a stone as
your canvass or working material
and another stone as your medium
to make your artwork.
Materials

flat rock of any shape
rocks with sharp edges
Original artwork and image by: J.C. Mendoza 2013
166
Procedure
1. Using the sharp edged rock, scratch the flat rock with your desired design.
2. Put varnish using a mixture of white glue diluted in water to preserve
your design on the rock.
3. Design should reflect the characteristic of a pre-historic artwork.
4. You may also use the themes, motifs, or patterns that show your regional
identity.
RUBRIC
5
Excellent
Indicators
1. Composition and design

Showed the theme and motifs of
prehistoric art.
2. Process
Followed the instruction in doing
the activity
Maintained cleanliness in the working area
167
4
Very
Good
3
Good
2
Fair
1
Poor
3. Materials used
Used proper materials and tools
prescribed in the activity
4. Materials used
Established good relationship with
classmates while doing the activity.
Showed enjoyment while doing the
activity.
5. Overall look of the artwork
Showed the overall characteristic
of a pre-historic art.
Total
Individual Activity: Light Me Up

The ancient Romans used stained glass in their villas and palaces. During the
medieval time it has been one of the prominent features of every cathedral built
using the Christian themes and symbolisms.
In this activity create an example of a stained glass that has practical use.
Materials
big empty glass bottle
black permanent marker
acrylic paint
paint brush
white glue
water
tee light candle
168
Procedure:
1. Choose a design for your stained glass bottle candle holder. It should
be relevant with the medieval themes and symbolisms.
Design samples for stained glass; you may also use the themes, motifs
and patterns that promotes your region.
2. Trace your design outside the bottle using the permanent black marker.
Your outline should be bold and thick.
169
3. Color your design using acrylic paint.
4. After coloring, re-outline your design with black marker to make the
outline precise and visible.
5. After coloring and re-outlining your design, apply a glaze composed of

white glue diluted in water.
6. Place a small candle inside the bottle and light it up so you can see the
stained glass effect.
170
RUBRIC
5
Excellent
Criteria
1. Composition and design:

medieval stained glass
2. Process:
the activity
Maintained cleanliness in the
working area
3. Materials used:
4. Behavior:
Established good relationship
with classmates while doing the
activity
Showed enjoyment while doing
the activity
5. Overall look of the artwork:

Depicted a medieval look on the
stained glass
Total
171
4
Very Good
3
Good
2
Fair
Poor
Individual Activity: Mosaic Greeting Cards

The ancient Greeks were the first to manufacture mosaics. It was made of pebbles
usually black and white used in the floor and pathways. Typically, pebbles are
triangular or square applied with mortar or other adhesive to create floor and
wall mosaics.
Mosaic is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of
colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is a technique of decorative art or
interior decoration.
Design Samples for Mosaic Arts
172
Materials
recycled candy wrapper
scissors
glue
ruler
card board
Original image by: J.C. Mendoza 2013
Procedure
1. Create your design for your greeting card mosaic.
Original image by: J.C. Mendoza 2013
2. Clean the recycled candy wrapper that you will use for your mosaic.
3. Cut your candy wrapper into small squares, rectangles, or circles.
4. Start pasting your candy wrappers into your design.
173
RUBRIC
5
Excellent
Criteria

medieval stained glass.
2. Process:
the activity
working area
3. Materials used:
4. Behavior:
activity
the activity.
Depicted a medieval look on the
stained glass
Total
174
4
Very Good
3
Good
2
Fair
1
Poor
Individual Activity: Ivory Carving

Some important Byzantine sculptures are
the diptychs and boxes carved in ivory.
Used for the realization of objects of luxury
and religious use, preferred by the elites of
Constantinople, and brought from places
such as Egypt and India.
Materials
soft bar soap
sharp tools
carbon paper
Procedure:
1. Draw your design on a sheet of paper,
actual size of the soap you are going to
use. Use the first letter of your name as
your subject and establish your design
with Byzantine motif.
2. Transfer your design to the soap by

tracing it with a carbon paper underneath.
175
3. Make sure the

carbon paper and
your design are secure so that, they
will not move while
tracing your design
4. Start carving
your design using
sharp tools.
Note: Be careful in
doing this activity.
176
RUBRIC
5
Excellent
Criteria
4
Very Good
3
Good
2
Fair
1
Poor

medieval stained glass.
2. Process:
the activity
working area
3. Materials used:
4. Behavior:
activity
the activity.
depicts a medieval look on the
stained glass
Total
WHAT TO UNDERSTAND
Prehistoric to Medieval arts has very rich characteristics, have specific functions
in people's lives and beliefs, are very modern and accurate in their designs and
became the key in understanding how the people in the early age lived their lives.
Try to relate some famous artworks of the early age to some Philippine
artworks and reflect how they have in common or how they can be associated
with each other.
177
Individual Activity
Early Age Art forms
Philippine Art Forms
Tutankhamens inner coffin
Manungul Jar
from the tomb of Tutankhamen, Valley of the Kings

Dynasty 18, 1336/5-1327 BCE.
895-775 BC
Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Pt., Palawan
Gold inlaid with glass and semi-precious stones, Height

6n7/8 (1.85m)
Secondary burial jar
Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Characteristics:
Function:
178
Early Age Art forms
Venus of willendorf
Bul- ol
Austria c, 22,000 -21,000 BCE
Austria c, 22,000 -21,000 BCE
Igorots carved wood idol used to guard their crops
limestone height 4 (11cm) Naturhistorishes Museum,

Vienna Austria
Characteristics:
Function:
179
Early Age Art forms
Rose Window of Notre Dome
Pampangas Capiz lantern
Gothic architectural styleand being divided into segments by

stonemullionsandtracery
Characteristics:
Function:
180
Early Age Art forms
Notre Dame Cathedral, France
San Sebastian Church, Philippines
Characteristics:
Function:
181
Individual Activity: My Dream House!
If you were given a chance to design your dream house, how would you like it to be?
Choose from the different architectures that we discussed and use it as inspiration
for your dream house.
Explain the reason for choosing that style. What are the distinctive characteristics of
that architectural design that will be visible in your own dream house?
WHAT TO TRANSFER
Group Activity: Mount an Exhibition
Gather all your artworks on the different activities that you had processed
and mount an exhibition.
On mounting your exhibition consider the following:
1. The theme of the exhibit (Art of the Early Age)
2. Exhibit area
Location of your exhibition
Arrangement of your artworks
Decorations of the exhibit area based on the themes
3. Information
Description of your art work (title, materials, technique, media)
Site the inspiration of your art work (period)
182
Rubrics
5
Excellent
Criteria

medieval stained glass
2. Process:
the activity
working area
3. Materials used:
4. Behavior:
Established good relationship with
classmates while doing the activity
the activity.
depicts a medieval look on the
stained glass
Total
183
4
Very Good
3
Good
2
Fair
Poor
SUMMARY
Prehistoric art is not easy to understand. These artworks are clues for archeologists
in understanding the Stone Age civilization. Archeologists are given a peek into
the minds of the primitive people through their art works and find out what they
have experienced to produce those pictures.
The characteristics of Egyptian art are a combination of geometric regularity
and keen observation of nature. Their art were classified into three: first art
used in the homefurniture, jewelry, musical instruments, and many more;
second, art used in the dead tombs, masks mummy cases, and wrapping for the
body; third, art was created for the gods and their priest and kingsin temples,
paintings, statues.
Greek art style was a taste of Western realism or naturalism. Artists have
studied anatomy, physics and optics, as well as techniques of carving, painting,
building, gold-working, and ceramics.
Roman artists tried to reproduce the world around them as realistically as
they could. Their architecture was designed to reflect the power of the city and
to create in all people an awe of its imperial power. Roman art is a reflection of
mixture of borrowed cultures fused together with local traditions to form their
own styles and traditions.
Byzantine art was the meeting place for the Greek and oriental culture.
Romanesque style first evolved in the first third of the 12th century. It is a
complete realization of religious and social functions and had an architectural
program with a wealth of sculptural decoration subordination to the architectural frame.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Ancient dating from remote period; of great age; very old
Aristocratic a member of a ruling class or of the nobility
Corinthian elegantly or elaborately ornate
Dolmens consisting of two or more large, upright stones set with a space in
between and capped by a horizontal stone
Doric one of the five classical orders of architecture, typically characterized by
a flute column having as a capital convex circular molding supporting a square
slab or abacus
Elaborated intricate and rich in details
184
Encaustic a paint consist of pigment mixed with beeswax and fixed with heat
after its application
Era a period of time as reckoned from a specific date serving as the basis of
its chronological system.
Fresco a technique of painting on a wall using a moist plaster surface with
colors ground up in water or a limewater mixture.
Hellenistic relating to or a characteristic of the classical Greek Civilization
from the death of Alexander the Great to the accession of Augustus
Hieroglyphics a system of writing using picture symbols used in ancient Egypt.
Ionic one of the five classical orders of architecture, characterized by fluted
columns and capitals with scroll- like ornaments
Mastaba an ancient Egyptian tomb with a rectangular base, sloping sides
and flat roofs.
Medieval relating to middle ages
Megaliths a very large stones used in the pre historic architectures
Menhir an upright monumental stone, standing by itself or in a group
Mille fleur literally means thousand flowers
Mosaics- a design or decoration made up of small pieces of colored glass, stone
etc.
Mythological figures creatures, Gods, and animals in the Mythology
Naturalism factual or realistic representation
Outline a line by which a figure or object is defined or bounded
Pigments a substance used in coloring,
Pillars a slender, freestanding, vertical support; a column
Portraits a painting, drawing, sculpture, photography, or other likeness of
an individual especially the face.
Pyramids a massive monument of an Ancient Egypt having a rectangular
base and four triangular faces culminating in a singular apex, built over around
a crypt or tomb.
Realistic relating to representation of objects, action, or social as they actually are
Sarcophagus a stone coffin, often inscribed or decorated with sculpture
Scarab sacred beetle
Sophisticated complex and intricate
185
Stained glass colored glass used to form decorative or pictorial designs

Stonehenge an ancient megalithic monument in Southern England; probably
used in a rituals
Symbolism use symbols to represent ideas or qualities
Taol maen stone tables
Terracotta a type of fired clay, typically of brownish red color and unglazed,
used an ornamental building materials and in modeling.
Tomb a large vault used for burying the dead.
Triliths Greek word meaning three stones
Tropme - l-oeil a style of painting in which things are painted in a way that
makes them look like real objects
Vaults a roof in the form of an arch or a series of arches
REFERENCES:
Books
Hamlyn, Paul, (1961), Treasures of the World, Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd.,
Hamlyn House, the Center, Feltham, Middlesex London , New York, Sydney,
Toronto, arrangement with Golden Pleasures Books Ltd
Rene Huyghe, (1963), Art and Mankind, Larousse Encyclopedia of Byzantine
And Medieval Art, The Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., Hamlyn House, The
Center, Feltham, Middlesex
Websites
http://historyofrchitecture.blogspot.com/2010/12/prehistorian-architecture.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pompejanischer_Maler_um_10_20_001.jpg
http://www.colosseum.net/images/colosseum-entrance.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_Dtc5CI79X0/TeWfaHDFuvI/AAAAAAAAABc/
DsPQoXoYHQQ/s320/Hagia+Sophia+Exterior.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barberini_Ivory
http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=A2KJkezWolRS90YAGIKJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTFxa29hNzk3BHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZAMzZTVkMGQ3N2M5OGFjn
http://www.timeforlearning.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Stonehenge2.jpg
186

9 Art LM - Mod.1.v1.0 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

9 Art LM - Mod.1.v1.0 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

9 Art LM - Mod.1.v1.0 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

9

A Journey through Western Music and Arts Grade 9

Music and Arts - Learners Material

Egyptian Architecture ........................................................................ 161

Arts Learners Material

key - stage STANDARD

grade level STANDARD

Western Classical Art Traditions

Arts Learners Material

Western Classical Art Traditions

Arts Learners Material

c. Enthroned Madonna and Child

Western Classical Art Traditions

g. The Morgan Leaf

Arts Learners Material

Paintings from the Pre-historic Era

Western Classical Art Traditions

Paintings from Ancient Egypt

Paintings from Sarcophagus of Tutankhamen XVIII dynasty

Arts Learners Material

Paintings from Classical Greek Era

Most common methods of Greek painting:

Western Classical Art Traditions

pelike (wine container)

krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water)

Arts Learners Material

Tomb / Wall Painting

Western Classical Art Traditions

Tomb of the Diver

Paintings from the Roman Era

Arts Learners Material

Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries

Western Classical Art Traditions

This fresco painting was believed to

The court of Empress

Arts Learners Material

Theodora was an Asian Queen with dark

Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries

Image from Treasures of the World,

Christ wears a greyish, white robe with a blue

Western Classical Art Traditions

Paintings from the Gothic Era

Subjects usually depict popular legends and love

Rose window from the North transcept

The Shepherd David

The painting shows some realistic details and

Arts Learners Material

Western Classical Art Traditions

Sculptures from the Early Age

Arts Learners Material

Sculptures from the Egyptian Era

Characteristics of the sculptures:

Queen Nefertiti, painted limestone

Western Classical Art Traditions

The Pharoah Menkaure and his Queen, stone

Sculptures from the Classical Period

Myron; The Discobulus,

Arts Learners Material