SSC CGL: National Movement of India 1905 1920
SSC CGL: National Movement of India 1905 1920
SSC CGL: National Movement of India 1905 1920
CompetitiveExams:NationalMovementofIndia19051920Examrace
SSCCGL:NationalMovementofIndia19051920
NationalMovementofIndia:1905to1920
TheIndianNationalCongress
Formedin1885byA.O.Hume,anEnglishmanandaretiredcivilservant.
FirstsessioninBombayunderW.C.Banerjeein1885(72delegatesattendedit).
Inthefirsttwodecades(18851905),quitemoderateinitsapproachandconfidedinBritish
justiceandgenerosity.
ButtherepressivemeasuresoftheBritishgaverisetoextremistswithinCongresslikeBipin
ChandraPal,BalGangadharTilakandLalaLajpatRai(Lal,Bal,Pal).
PartitionofBengal
ByLordCurzononOct16,1905,througharoyalProclamation,reducingtheoldprovinceof
BengalinsizebycreatingEastBengalandAssamoutofrestofBengal.
TheobjectivewastosetupacommunalgulfbetweenHindusandMuslims.
Amightyupsurgesweptthecountryagainstthepartition.Nationalmovementfoundreal
expressioninthemovementagainstthepartitionofBengalin1905.
SwadeshiMovement(1905)
Lal,Bal,Pal,andAurobindoGhoshplayedtheimportantrole.
INCtooktheSwadeshicallfirstattheBanarasSession,1905presidedoverbyG.K.
Gokhale.
Bonfiresofforeigngoodswereconductedatvariousplaces.
FormationofMuslimLeague(1906)
Setupin1906undertheleadershipofAgaKhan,NawabSalimullahofDhakaandNawab
MohsinulMulk.
Itwasaloyalist,communalandconservativepoliticalorganizationwhichsupportedthe
partitionofBengal,opposedtheSwadeshimovement,demandedspecialsafeguardstoits
communityandaseparateelectorateforMuslims.
DemandforSwaraj
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CompetitiveExams:NationalMovementofIndia19051920Examrace
InDec1906atCalcutta,theINCunderDadabhaiNaorojiadoptedSwaraj(Selfgovt)as
thegoalofIndianpeople.SuratSessionofIndianNationalCongress(1907):
TheINCsplitintotwogroupsTheextremistsandThemoderates,attheSuratsessionin
1907.ExtremistswereledbyBal,Pal,LalwhilethemoderatesbyG.K.Gokhale.
IndianCouncilsActorMintoMorleyReforms(1909)
Besidesotherconstitutionalmeasures,itenvisagedaseparateelectorateforMuslims.
AimedatdividingthenationalistranksandatrallyingtheModeratesandtheMuslimsto
theGovernment'sside.
GhadarParty(1913)
FormedbyLalaHardayal,TaraknathDasandSohanSinghBhakna.
HQwasatSanFrancisco.
HomeRuleMovement(1916)
StartedbyB.G.Tilak(April,1916)atPoonaandAnnieBesantandS.SubramaniaIyerat
Adyar,nearMadras(Sept,1916).
Objective:SelfgovernmentforIndiaintheBritishEmpire.
TilaklinkedupthequestionofSwarajwiththedemandfortheformationofLinguistic
Statesandeducationinvernacularlanguage.Hegavetheslogan:Swarajismybirthright
andIwillhaveit.
LucknowPact(1916)
HappenedfollowingawarbetweenBritainandTurkeyleadingtoantiBritishfeelings
amongMuslims.
BothINCandMuslimLeagueconcludedthis(Congressacceptedtheseparateelectorates
andbothjointlydemandedforarepresentativegovernmentanddominionstatusforthe
country).
AugustDeclaration(1917)
AftertheLucknowPact,aBritishpolicywasannouncedwhichaimedatincreasing
associationofIndiansineverybranchoftheadministrationforprogressiverealizationof
responsiblegovernmentinIndiaasanintegralpartoftheBritishempire.Thiscametobe
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CompetitiveExams:NationalMovementofIndia19051920Examrace
calledtheAugustDeclaration.
RowlattAct(March18,1919)
Thisgaveunbridledpowerstothegovt.Toarrestandimprisonsuspectswithouttrialfor
twoyearsmaximum.ThislawenabledtheGovernmenttosuspendtherightofHabeas
Corpus,whichhadbeenthefoundationofcivillibertiesinBritain.
Causedawaveofangerinallsections.ItwasthefirstcountrywideagitationbyGandhiji
andmarkedthefoundationoftheNonCooperationMovement.
JallianwalaBaghMassacre(April13,1919)
PeoplewereagitatedoverthearrestofDr.KitchluandDr.SatyapalonApril10,1919.
GeneralO'DyerfiresatpeoplewhoassembledintheJallianwalaBagh,Amritsar.
Asaresulthundredsofmen,womenandchildrenwerekilledandthousandsinjured.
RabindranathTagorereturnedhisKnighthoodinprotest.SirShankaranNairresigned
fromViceroy'sExecutiveCouncilafterthis.
HunterCommissionwasappointedtoenquireintoit.
OnMarch13,1940,SardarUdhamSinghkilledO'Dyerwhenthelaterwasaddressinga
meetinginCaxtonHall,London.
KhilafatMovement(1920)
MuslimswereagitatedbythetreatmentdonewithTurkeybytheBritishinthetreatythat
followedtheFirstWorldWar.
Twobrothers,Mohd.AliandShaukatAlistartedthismovement.
NoncooperationMovement(1920)
ItwasthefirstmassbasedpoliticalmovementunderGandhiji.
CongresspassedtheresolutioninitsCalcuttasessioninSept1920.
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