3 Egypt Honors 1

EGYPT
Kingdom on
the Nile
SATELLITE VIEW
AFRICAS SIZE
EGYPT IS WHOLLY THE GIFT OF

THE NILE
Yearly fl oods soaked land with nutrients &
provided layer of silt
Controlling the Nile fl oods
Dams held water back
Reservoirs saved
water for dry season
TWO REGIONS OF ANCIENT EGYPT

Lower Egypt Delta region
Upper Egypt about 100 miles from Mediterranean
Sea to fi rst cataract of Nile
The Nile was used as a highway
linking the North and South
Egyptian merchants used the Nile
to trade with the Middle East and
the Mediterranean region
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN KINGDOMS

1. Old Kingdom (2575 2130 B.C.)
2. Middle Kingdom (1938 1630 B.C.)
3. New Kingdom (1539 1075 B.C.)
.The power was passed from one dynasty to
another
Dynasty = ruling family
OLD KINGDOM (2575 2130 B.C.)

Pharaohs built strong governments
Under the pharaoh was a vizier, a chief
minister, to supervise tax collection, farming,
and irrigation.
Scribes worked for the viziers, making sure
his instructions were delivered
OLD KINGDOM
Pyramids were built in necropolises
(cemeteries) that contained tombs for the
pharaohs.
Preserved bodies of dead rulers and provided them
with everything they would need in the afterlife
Many rulers would begin constructing their pyramid as
soon as they took offi ce.
THE TURBULENT MIDDLE

KINGDOM (1938 1630 B.C.)
Old kingdom collapsed because of power struggles,
crop failures, and building the costly pyramids.
Nile didnt rise as expected
Drainage projects organized in order to expand the
farmable area.
Foreigners invaded, but impressed Egyptians with

their horse-drawn chariots, and the leaders
eventually shared Egyptian customs and beliefs.
Last great ruler of Middle

Kingdom, Amenemhat III
NEW KINGDOM (1539 1075 B.C.)

Age of Conquest - Powerful Pharaohs expanded
Egyptian border north to Syria and Euphrates River.
First female ruler, Hatshepsut (haht SHEP soot)
Ramses II most famous Egyptian Pharaoh

First known peace treaty to have survived is between Egypt
& the Hittites, agreeing that they shall be at peace and in
brotherhood forever.
Egypt conquered Nubia
Egypt was eventually conquered by the Greeks in 332

B.C.
RAMSES II
Remains of Ramses IIs peace treaty
with the Hittites
EGYPTIAN CULTURE: THE AFTERLIFE

Believed that gods had promised them eternal life after death
Each soul had to pass a test to win eternal life
1. Dead soul would be carried across a lake of fi re
2. Dead soul would be weighed against the feather of truth
If the gods determined one to be a sinner, they would be fed

to the crocodile shaped Eater of the Dead.
Worth souls went to the Happy Field of Food, in eternal bliss.
The Book of the Dead taught them spells and charms to use
in the afterlife.
EGYPTIAN AFTERLIFE
PREPARING FOR THE AFTERLIFE

The dead were buried with everything they would
need in the afterlife
Mummifi cation preserving a body and wrapping it in
cloth
Rich leaders were buried in multiple coffi ns, and the
outer most coffi n was decorated to resemble the dead
King Tutankhamen (toot ahng KAH mun) was buried
with chariots, weapons, furniture, jewelry, toys, and
games and he was only a MINOR King!!!
EGYPTIAN MUMMIFICATION
EGYPTIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Phar aoh & Royal family
Government offi cials, high priests

Merchants, Scribes, Artisans worked for rich
Peasants who
worked the land
SOCIAL STRUCTURE FLEXIBILITY

During the New Kingdom, warfare and trade
increased, so more people were needed to defend
Egypt & become merchants
Egyptian women were given many rights inherit
property, enter business deals, go to court, get a
divorce
EGYPTIAN WRITING/ART
Hieroglyphics are symbols that represent objects,
concepts or sounds
Hieroglyphics were carved into stone a famous
stone with hieroglyphics is the ROSETTA STONE!!!
Deciphering the Rosetta Stone allowed historians to
study more Egyptian remains
Egyptians also
used papyrus, a
plant that could make
a paper-like surface
EGYPTIANS & SCIENCE/MATH

Mummifi cation gave them a lot of experience with the
human body, so they were able to recognize
symptoms and even come up with cures for illnesses.
Egyptians created a calendar by studying
constellations
It had 12 months of 30 days each, and 5 days at the end of
the year
Used geometry to redraw land boundaries forced to

redraw due to Nile fl oods and to construct
pyramids!!
IMAGES OF EGYPT TODAY

3 Egypt Honors 1

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EGYPT

EGYPT IS WHOLLY THE GIFT OF

TWO REGIONS OF ANCIENT EGYPT

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN KINGDOMS

OLD KINGDOM (2575 2130 B.C.)

THE TURBULENT MIDDLE

Foreigners invaded, but impressed Egyptians with

Last great ruler of Middle

NEW KINGDOM (1539 1075 B.C.)

Ramses II most famous Egyptian Pharaoh

Egypt was eventually conquered by the Greeks in 332

EGYPTIAN CULTURE: THE AFTERLIFE

If the gods determined one to be a sinner, they would be fed

PREPARING FOR THE AFTERLIFE

EGYPTIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Government offi cials, high priests

SOCIAL STRUCTURE FLEXIBILITY

EGYPTIANS & SCIENCE/MATH

Used geometry to redraw land boundaries forced to

IMAGES OF EGYPT TODAY

IMAGES OF EGYPT TODAY

IMAGES OF EGYPT TODAY

IMAGES OF EGYPT TODAY

IMAGES OF EGYPT TODAY

IMAGES OF EGYPT TODAY

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