AMC Clinical 2009 Recalls
AMC Clinical 2009 Recalls
AMC Clinical 2009 Recalls
1: Generalized anxiety Young female had palpitation and chest pain had her ECG and all test
done everything came normal.
On history she is smoking and her sleep has impared due too too much work load, has recently
started new business. ( AMC feed back, generalized anxiety) .
Task take history, explain to the patient what is it and why it is happening and manege the case .
(wanted to hear epinephrine and norepinephrine effect.
2: Permanent sterilization: Youg female taking OCP and doesn’t not want to take any longer
wants to dicuss with you the permanent sterilization method.
Task: Discuss the method
Advantages and disvantages
Questions: does it affect on my menstruation, weight and sexual performance and failure rate.
4: Fever: young female has been getting fever since 3 months probably associated sweats.
Task: take the history , ask examination findings from examination and order the investigation
It was a differential diagnosis and organizes investigation accordingly.
On history she had a travel history scratches on the body and splenomegaly
5: Ca colon : Barium Xray explain the Xray findings to the patient , he had diverticulosis and had
been constipated on and off .Answer the questions asked by patient and Examiner:
I t was bit hard and tricky I was going to say diverticulosis but patient dragged me on the right side
asking could it be cancer, what investigation to confirm and examiner asked that how you will
know if it has spreaded.
6: Headache: father is concerned about his 5 year old son who is getting headaches.
Task take history, ask examination findings from examiner , diagnosis and manage the case.
Father asked are you sure it is not tumour.
Headache was related to school situation.
7: Iron deficiency anaemia : Father has been concerned about his 2 year old son. Discuss the
blood results with the father.
Take the relevant history and management.
I was given the growth chart plot the chart and tell to the father if his growth is ok.
8: Arm swelling: young boy was playing tennis notice sudden swelling in her arm :
Task ask the relevant history , diagnosis and what investigations you will do?
On examination no redness and tenderness just painful and pitting oedema
I said thrombosis
Examiner questions: Where do you think the clot is?
When you send the patient to emergency then what you will write down in your notes?
11: Travel advise: young boy is going to Bali in couple of days who needs your advise what he
should do before he flies .
12: Abruptio placenta (concealed bleeding) : 30 weeks (probably) pregnant lady came in the
emergency dept complaining for the severe pain in her tummy.
Task take the history, ask the examination findings from the examiner, explain to the patient what it
is and how you are going to manage.
14: Chest pain: Middle aged man came to the emergency dept complaining of pain in the chest.
Task take the history: Ask the findings from the examiner,what investigations you will do :
In the history he had all the risk factor, drinking alcohol, smoking taking meds for diabetes and he
was obese aswell.
15: Benzodiazepine overdose: Take the history asses the mental status.
The girl did not have any positive history except she has been taking marijuana with friends.
Otherwise no depression, no suicidal idea . she was very hard patient she was not happy when I told
her to stay in the hospital she said I want to go back and I just took the tablets to get good sleep and
I am not that mad to kill myself. Hard one.
case 1: a 6 months old child recently came from overseas trip has low haemoglobin and 6 weeks history
of diarrhoea. take history , ask for examination findings and counsel mother.
buddies whenever dealing with a paediatric case always remember three things to ask : immunization,
growth chart and diet history.
the child had anemia with falling off the weight for age.
fully immunized. very fussy in eating. diarrhoea started 6 weeks ago and is continuing. stools semiformed
in nature with no blood. stools not bulky.
no history of any recurrent infection, genetic disorder in the family.
examination findings : pallor ++, no organomegaly, protuberant abdomen with muscle wasting. no
findings in urine.
choice of investigation: CBE, sweat chloride test, Hb electrophoresis to rule out thal., stool microscopy
and culture to rule out any parasitic infection.
Differential diagnosis:
1. dietary anemia secondary to poor oral iron intake.
2. protein energy malnutrition( unlikely)
3. parasitic infestation (recent oversease trip to tropics).
4. cystic fibrosis
5 malabsorption syndrome ( unlikely as it doesnt give anemia).
case 2 : examination of a swelling on the face , just anterior to right ear , dermoid.
case 3: 23 year old girl with RIF pain, beta HCG positive, simple cyst 5.5cm on right ovary.
case 5: 6 weeks old child with 1 day history of diarrhoea, counsel father.
case 6: 24 year old female, LMP 20 weeks back, uterine size 30cm, was on overseas trip, no
investigations done. counsel and manage.
case 10: 59 year old man with prostatism , undergoing TURP, counsel.
case11: 6 year old child with limping , perthe's disease vs transient synovitis of hip.
case12: pneumothorax (typical from AMC book).
case13: 60 year old lady with lethargy, history and examination findings, investigate ( wait till monday
as this one was tricky and it was not hypothyroidism).
case14: 60 year old recently diagnosed with rheumatic arthritis , violin player, counsel.
case 15: 22year man, fell off from motor bike, 15 mins unconcious, perform primary survery and
counsel the patient and organize relevant investigation.
case 16: 62 year old lady, profuse vaginal discharge , brownish yellow( case of atrophic vaginitis but rule
out malignancy by hysteroscopy).
Discussion of cases:
case 2 discussion:
6 month old baby, presented to ED after having diarrhoea. take relevant history , ask for examination
finding and counsel the mother.
This case was not as straight forward as it looks like and as i had mentioned before that whenever there
is a paediatric ase always take proper history.
the history is that 6 month old baby has been having diarrhoea for past 2 days, listless, fussy, crying and
difficult to handle. feeding fine.60th percentile for weight and length.
diarrhoea profuse , 8 to 10 motions. no blood.
2 siblings had mild diarrhoea 3 days back but self limiting.
baby is fussy but drinking fine and not lethargic.
BUT THERE IS A DECREASE IN NUMBER OF NAPPIES CHANGED SINCE YESTERDAY.
when asked for immunization BABY IS NOT IMMUNIZED AS SOMEONE TOLD THE MOTHER THAT
HOMEOPATHIC VACCINES ARE AS POTENT AS NORMAL VACCINE.
EXAMINATION FINDINGS:
FUSSY BABY.
VITALS NORMAL.
SKIN TURGOR NORMAL, FONTENELLE NOT DEPRESSED AND EYES NOT SUNKEN.
MUCOUS MEMBRANES DRY.
REST OF THE GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION UNREMARKABLE.
in this case i counselled the mother that baby has to have immunization and i will refer the case to
immunization nurse.
also baby is mildly dehydrated secondary to rota virus infection and can be managed at home but since
there is suspected decrease in urine output as well as urine ketone positive so i will not be very
comfortable at sending him home at this moment but will monitor his urine output along with hospital
based rehydration and if everything is normal he can be sent home.
also, there is no danger to baby's life if water, salts are replaced appropriately as virus wont pose a
danger to his life but dehydration will.
then when i asked her do u have any more questions : she asked " would immunization could have
prevented this episode?"
i said no but immunization is important as it prevents other more life threatening diseases.
case 3:
23 year old female , 20 weeks pregnant, has been overseas with no investigations done in the past. the
current uterine size is 30cm, rest of the general physical examination normal. talk to mother and
manage.
well guys the basic mistake which we all do in this case is that we assume that its polyhydroamnios and
formulate a plan according to that and thus we are given a unsatisfactory mary, which doesnt mean a
fail, but increase the chances of fail if we commit further mistakes.
now whenever dealing with a aussie pregnant female always remember following things:
always ask blood group.
always ask about immunization.
always ask weather the pregnancy was planned or unplanned.
always ask weather she had any antenatal checkup and if not then organize blood group, CBE, rubella
antibodies level, VDRL, gonorrhoea serology, HIV and if Rh negative then get a coomb's indirect and
urine microscopy and culture.
always ask about previous pregnancies and outcomes.
now this female is 20 weeks pregnant, not been investigated and has a uterine size of 30cm, thus she is
large for gestational age and not polyhydroamnios.
i told the mother that your uterine size is greater than expected for this gestational age and most
common case for this is wrong dates. ( with this statement the examiner was overtly happy as if became
so emotional that she was about to kiss me and say bless you my child "bravo" haha).
now i told that but we have to rule out more sinister causes which can give you the increased uterine size
:
polyhydroamnios secondary to neural tube defects, GI abnormalities, infection.
Blood group mismatch giving hydrops fetalis ( unlikely as mother is O positive and its her first pregnancy)
twin pregnancy
diabetes
uterine fibroids
first thing is that since you havent had any investigations done i would like to do all the antenatal
investigations .
secondly i need to organize a ultrasound to rule out twins, hydrops, fibroids.
will do a glucose challange test to check for deranged BSL.
will review in few days time , as soon as the blood results and ultrasound are back and if required refer
you to obstetrician.
Case 1 (Pertussis)
A mother brings her 4 month old daughter who has been suffering from cough for 2 days. She turns blue
when she coughs. A 2 seconds’ video of her coughing was shown in that station.
Task: Take the history from mother.
Tell her your diagnosis and management.
Case 7 (Headache)
A 45 years old lady comes with an H/O headache for 6 months.
Task: Take a brief history from her (3-4 minutes).
Ask examination/investigation findings from examiner.
Tell her your diagnosis & management.
1. Roughly 55 male had a transient loss of vision in one eye(not sure now which one) while
watching TV yesterday. It resolved completely later on. Previous hx of HTN and a few other
co-morbid conditions, though all stable. he comes to you today. Perform relevant
examinations, discuss ur d/d with examiner and suggest recommendations in managment or
further investigations.
mid aged man was sitting on couch. already shirt off. chair lying nearby had certain items for
examination (torch, hammer, pins, cotton etc). the examiner told me to examine the patient. I was
very confused, however thought better of starting with cranial nerves. he asked me to skip details
and just do relevant examination. I checked his visual acuity- long standing bad vision in rt eye,
left eye fine. light reflexes normal. i didnt do any further eye exams frm here on, and went straight
on to gag reflex- normal. I asked for findings on chest auscultation. he talked of added sounds all
over chest. no carotid bruits (he made me check carotid bruits). time was running out , he asked me
for a differential. I mentioned TIA. In managment I was going to mention CT , but couldnt as time
ran out.
2. anne is 4 month old kid , had cold 2 days ago. She was warm last night. Mother brings her
to ED today, coughing, snuffles, not feeding well. take some history, ask for ex. findings, give
ur provisional diagnosis and further management.
Mother told me that anne was quite warm for 2nd day now. dry cough, though not in episodes. not
related to feeds, crying. baby feeding less. lesser wet nappies. no excessive drooling. temp 40
degrees celsius, resp rate very fast. pulse raised with BP somewhat normal, though towards normal
range. no rash, neck stiffness. baby consc. inspiratory wheeze and fine crackles.
substernal/subcostal recession. I suggested acute bronchiolitis and immediate admission with bld
cultures, IV line, stabilization of hydration status, oxygen and antibiotics. I ruled out epiglottitis
and whooping cough as well.
3. James is 4 yrs old. Bed wetting at night. No previous treatment/intervention. Father wants
to discuss re further evaluation and managment.
James has been wetting his bed at night. upon enquiry, father also had the problem till age 6 ,
resolved without treatment. no treatment tried with james so far. normal developmental history. no
other positive findings. i counselled re ALARM stretagy, using a tricyclic. father was wanting
some reassurance re ongoing response modification stretagies, and that how long would it take
before james is dry.
4. Mother of a previously healthy 8 yr old boy Shane says he has been reported by school
teacher of day dreaming fr the last 4-6 wks. Ask mother questions, evaluate further, give
your likely differential and further plan of action.
mother tells me that his teacher reported him sort of day dreaming for last few wks, with decline in
his performance as well. mother denies reporting any such thing at home. no conduct disorder
signs- gets along well with everyone, has friends. sleep/ appetite fine. no one has spoken to the kid
himself who is 8 yrs of age. I asked the kid to be reviewed as well. i mentioned to continue follow
up to rule out absence seizures, but apart from that, given that mother herself wasnt too concerned
about anything at this stage, i just told them to observe him closly at home and to report to us
anything if they r concerned, that we will however rule out absence seizures
5. mid aged man with a hx of HTN, and heart condition has been displaying mildly deranged
LFTS for sometime . Recently relocated to ur area, and previous gp sent you the last set of
LFTs for further follow up. Also attached is an USG report of abdo. patient is negative for
past drug abuse, needle use, sexual contact, doesnt drink alcohol or smoke. he has been tired
lately but no other complaints. explain the results, discuss further managment with patient.
This was a vague station. there was no clue. you were not supposed to take any history, just
interprete the deranged lfts and USG report and tell the patient of further
recommendations/managment. his lfts were midly deranged and there were gall stones in GB on
USG report. he only talked of being more tired of late, but nothing else. his HTN and heart
condition was under control and USG also reported normal pancreas and liver otherwise. I
counselled him straight on for cholecystitis and regarding removal of GB. i told him he will do an
array of tests to prepare him which will include all baseline bloods, CXR, urine , ECG etc. They
asked me wat else. i ended up asking for CT abdo as well, but couldnt think of anything else.
patient kept on seeking reassurance that doc i just want to make sure nothing sinister is going on
and i am well. later on outside i was informed that when investigated on the lines of
hemochromatosis, the examiner would give a bad iron study result as well. all in all it wasnt a
straightforward scenario
6. 21 yrs old boy comes with a painless scrotal swelling which has been causing some
apprehension. Not sure about the time duration its been there(probably few wks).
Transilluminable, you can reach above the swelling. no need to examine or further hx.
discuss ur diagnosis based on this data and further managment.
i was quite confused here. i thought of it as hydrocele. i said it would need aspiration and we shall
send fluid for investigation. patient asked would it be operation, i said yes. patient was concerned
for sterility.i said no need. i tried to rule out vericocele there as well . examiner asked wat else to
be done. i thought of USG. he asked for any particular order of USG and aspiration. i suggested
first USG. n the reason for usg was to view scrotal contents for abnormalities. also mentioned
ruling out melignancies. examiner asked wat will u do . i replied b hcg and alpha fetoprotein.
7. 21 yrs old male drama artist had a sudden paralysis of lower limbs last night at his flat.
Evacuated by his flatmate who doesnt know the patient too well. No report of any other
symptoms as in loss of consc. or anything else. Do a neurological exam of lower limbs, report
your findings to examiner , a differential and answer any questions by the examiner. no
further hx needs to be taken.
drama artist. I started examination by inspection. nothing wrong there. normal tone. power 0/5 in
all parts of lower limbs. sensation for fine touch and pain impaired below knee bilaterally. just as i
was to commence vibration, examiner asked me to comment on my findings. I did mention that i
would ideally like to complete the exam with rest of sensory and reflexes. he asked again for my
findings. i mentioned anaesthesia below knee and loss of power in both limbs and that tone was
normal and no abnormality on inspection. examiner asked for d/d. i said CVA, cord compression,
conversion disorder. examiner asked what would i expect in reflexes in conversion disorder, i said
normal reflexes. bell rings.
8. patient a young female with a previous history of c-section, now pregnant again, and wants
to have a normal vaginal delivery. counsel, appropriate history, ask the examiner about
relevant information from notes from previous labour ending in c-section. ask for current
findings on examination. no current investigations available.
young lady in twenties. tells me she had a previous pregnancy which ended up in c-section
following a 14 hr labour as her baby went into distress. pregnant again and wants to make sure she
delivers the baby vaginally. very insignificant past history where i did ask about pap smears,
contraception hx, menstrual hx etc. no medical conditions to warrent any extra attention. upon
askin examiner for info frm past episode, all he could give was that after 14 hrs of labour CTG
showed baby in distress and hence c-section was performed. no info provided re exploration for
cord prolapse or anything else. no info whether anyone tried to expedite the delivery. i reassured
the patient that as she was a primi that labour got prolonged, that it was likely for her labour to be
shortened this time, and also that we could augment it to be more speedy. also counselled her on
importance of routine ante-natal check up and to be on a lookout for signs of any deterioration. she
was quite compliant with instructions
9. 52 female patient presents to gp to get results of tests done for menopause as had been
having hot flushes and oligomenorrhea. discuss the results of tests, counsel re: HRT and
suggest an appropriate treatment.
Patient asked me about the results. i told her she is in menopause as i ahd results of FSH, LH
showing menopause. she asked me for info re HRT. i told her it will alleviate her hot flushes and
other associated symptoms. mentioned slighly increased risk of ca breast, and she wanted to
discuss that. counselled her re regular follow up re that. i also emphasized on the importance of a
healthy lifestyle including good balanced diet and exercise. she asked what tablets. i mentioned
estrogen preparations , either transdermal or tablets depending on her preference , as she had an
intact uterus. situation with pap smear to continue.
10. young spray painter, admitted to ICU yesterday following acute asthma attack, was
commenced oral prednisolone this morning after requiring hydrocortisone and
aminophylline. PEFR around 450 (expected at least 650) . still minimal wheeze audible.
wants to b discharged. counsel him appropriately, tell him of your suggestions, further
treatment and follow up.
Repeat station. i advised the patient that ideally we would want him to stay for atleast 01 more day,
and if he still wants to be d/c that he will be doing it against medical advice. explored his
knowledge of his condition and counselled him on that this is not the end, that appropriate
treatment if not commenced, he is at risk of having relapse. told him what asthma is and what can
aggravate it. mentioned his spray painting as a possible factor. i told him that he will need to take
oral prednisolone for the next 5 days at least and then could be weaned off them(book says no need
to wean off). also informed him about a regular steriod inhaler and for short term augmenting it
with a b agonist. told him he would be referred to asthma clinic , resp physician where they will
provide him with asthma managment plan for him where in the long run he will be able to titrate
his treatment according to his symptoms. also mentioned to wash mouth frequently when using
steroid inhaler and that spacers are also available. also cautioned about sports and other physical
activities having an impact on asthma.
11. Mid twenties lady presents seeking anti-depressant as feeling low lately.. was trialled on
ATD's few yrs ago, though stopped taking it after some time. discuss with her further
managment after taking appropriate history.
Girl said she was prescribed anti-depressants 2 yrs back n she only used them for a few wks , that
they probably helped to some extent, however she was fine afterwards. didnt remember wat
antidepressant it was. this time , recent relationship breakup and difficulties at home. she works.
describes mild to moderate depression, however no suicidality. insightful and good judgement.
finding it hard to go to sleep but sleeps well otherwise. mild anhedonia. appetite well. finds it
relieving to speak to people. wants to get onto an antidepressant as thinks it might help this time.
counselled re the prospect of psychological input and i offered her a referral to psychologist and
also a probable connection to local mental health services if required. as she could assure safety, i
was happy for her to give psychotherapy a go, and then consider antidepressant later if initial
therapy dint help. she was happy with same.
12. a support worker from a disability support house is here to discuss regarding a patient
with DOWNs syndrome living at the hostel who has been significantly withdrawn, staying in
bed till late in the morning. discuss with him the case further and suggest appropriate
management.
supported accomodation worker told me that the patient was not himself the last couple of wks.
teary, labile, withdrawn, spending more time in bed in the mornings, not motivated to do anything ,
and few episodes of behavioral outbursts. denied any manic episode in past. no prev similar
incident. no known family hx of mental illness. drug and alcohol hx negative as well. support
worker was concerned for patients health however informed that he is still managable at the
accomodation. i advised that i will be arranging a full organic work up to rule out any organic
cause. i will probably start him on an anti-depressant with again a probable augmentation by a
mood stabilizer. i will also involve DADAC services(dual diagnosis services). support worker
happy with same.
13. patient had a laparotomy 6 hrs ago for deudenal ulcer. All was well pre op and operation
was uneventful. patient consc alert and oriented. didnt pass urine in last six hrs. glucose 5 %
I/V in place.patient doesnt report any distress yet. examine the patient, write down your
orders accordingly as what needs to be done. no further history. ask examiner for clinical
findings.
Repeat from amc book. examiner showed me the patient lying in bed(with a wide grin on her
face !!!). i was asked to start examining the patient. i started with hands. examiner asked wat could
i look for in hands. i said turgor...he asked HOW...i pinched on skin and examiner was happy.
further on, i asked for bp n pulse. checked eyes for pallor, checked into oral cavity, and examiner
informed me of dry tongue(while patient continues to grin!!!). i asked for JVP and i was informed
not visible. i said i will examine tummy. examiner said go ahead ..i was taken aback as i wasnt
expectin to get that permission. however, she uncovered herself appropriately, and i did deep n
superficial palpation. nothing to find. examiner asked me how else would u look for a distended
bladder. after some thought, i said i might do with percussion and examiner looked like as if he
was looking for the magic word( i am terrible with examinations!). he asked ok wat else now. i
mentioned that patient is in post op oliguric state secondary to dehydration. I said i will give i/v
saline or hartmanns solution 500 ml initially to see if she gets an output or not. examiner
encouraged me to use a bit more then that and we went on to 1000 ml in 1 hr. i said i will pass a
cathetar and collect urine . i will also take into account any other losses. in this whole thing i forgot
to actually document or write anything anywhere, and i actually i couldnt see any setting where i
could write down things nor did the examiner showed or flinched any muscles at my not doing any
such thing.
14. young female presents with acute urinary retention for a few hours, in pain. assess
appropriately, limited history. ask for examination findings and suggest managment.
This was a strange one. young lady had urinary retention for past 15 hrs or so and was in terrible
pain(yet again a wide grin on face!). i was asked to take relavant history and there was nothing on
the history. pain was fixed continues in the lower abdo with no radiation while she hadnt passed
urine. no previous history. inspection examination normal apart frm distended bladder. PV exam
revealed a swelling somewhere causing bladder obstruction. i further asserted on gynaecological
hx but nothing given. i decided to initially pass a cathetar and relieve her of this retention, arrange
an USG to look for this swelling. i think i did mention fibroid as a potential cause, but said i will
be going by what the specialist would conclude. i obviously spoke of a referral to gynae.
15. 55 female had a biopsy of somwehere around recto sigmoid junction, suggesting
adenocarcinoma after suspicious colonoscopy. Counsel re treatment necassity, and what
treatment its going to be. tell her about the procedure /operation and subsequent care /
follow up.
55 female diagnosed with bowel tumour on biopsy following suspicious colonoscopy. i told her of
the results and the fact that she would require surgery. explained how it would involve removing
part of bowel and that she might have a temporary opening of bowel out on tummy , she knew of
colostomy and identified it. asked me of risks associated. i counselled her about pre -op , intra op
situation , probable complications after operation incl haemorrhage, infection, thrombosis. also
mentioned associated inc risk of ca breast and the fact that she needed to alert her 1 yr younger to
her brother for a follow up as well.
16. mid aged lady, presents with central chest pain going to back and left shoulder.
appropriate history, managment.
It was a bit strange. lady presented to ED with chest pain for about two hrs , central radiating to
left shoulder and back. no nauseas, vomiting, shortness of breath. pain wasnt sharp, was rather
dull. execerbated by cough, she mentioned a chest infection few wks ago. no other relieving
aggrevating factors. no prior hx of any ailment nor any other significant thing on hx. her pulse was
a bit high, bp normal n m forgetting a bit, but i guess somewhat high temp as well. i asked for
findings on examinations. nothing significant on respiratory as well as CVS. i said i will offer pain
relief, do ecg, bloods, CXR initially and go on frm there. time run out there
AMC CLINICAL RETEST MAY 30, 2009.
4) Monthly breast pain in a 35 year witl pre - menstrual s/s and 1st degree relative with breast
CA.Never had breat screen before
On history after an extensive hist including behavious , family , parent , school , development
financial and social history the only thing which the pt indicated was that they have some financial
problems with the recession and that so also with a lot of disinterest and very briefly.
Counselled on financial and behavioural problems and offered to see her again with the child.
Examiner very pleased at the end of the session and i sneaked while he was marking and found he is
passing me in all the boxes on his sheet.
Examiner shook my hands on the way out and gave a big smile.
7) Schizophrenia
1. A 60 Y OLD MAN CAME WITH LEG PAIN. HE WAS FEVERISH AND UNWELL. Photo
was outside the door. There was no history of diabetes. Task – take hx and manage the case.
(cellulitis).
2. 14 y old girl has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at the age of 8. she skipped some insulin
injections. Her mum was not happy with her eating habits. Mood was okay with 50 kg wt and in
history there were no other symptoms of anorexia nervosa.
Task – talk to the patient.
3. A 45 year old man with hx of 3 episodes of right abdominal pain. The last time it was a few
hours ago. Each attack lasted for a few hours. The patient was rolling over in pain but it settled y
itself. Task : History, diagnoses and management.
4. A 3 y old child had diarrhoea. Treated with garstrolyte in the hospital and now he is okay.
Diagnosed with salmonella. Lives with parents and 7 y old sister. They just came back from a
holiday. Task: talk to the parents.
5. 30 week primigravida BP 170/110 PR 80 protiens 3 +. She is in your practice which is 200 kms
away from the hospital. O/E fundoscopy was normal. Reflexes brisk. Task – hx and manage the
case.
6. 50 y female diagnosed with DM for the last 10 years. Poor sugar control. Do examination of her
lower limbs and manage the case. ( loss of sensation above both knees)
7. A 45 y old lawyer had 2-3 episodes of chest pain and had fainted. Pain radiated tot he jaw. Got
chest pain with shortness of breath when walking up the stairs. Father died of heart attack at the age
of 53. Mother died from stroke at 71. No h/o smokng but drinks more than usual. Doesn't know
about BP or cholesterol. On history he had a long history of epigastric pain and had been taking
medications for this. His motion colour has changed since last week. On examination hear and chest
were clear but he was pale and had severe hepatomegaly. Task: history and manage the case.
8. 25 y old female. 12 month h/o of amenorrhoea. Pregnanc test is negative. There was no h/o
polycystic ovarian disease or anorexia nervosa. She had a miscarriage 12 months ago. Task: hx,
investigatins and management.
9. 70 y male suddenly developed hemiplegia. Has a pace maker and patient is in hospital for about
10 hours. BP was 200/90, PR 80 regular. Talk to his wife and explain your diagnosis and
management plan.
10. You did a MMSE on a 50 year old and found she had memory loss. Patient has a h/o of post
partum depression. The medical student is in the ward and asked you to explain the chart of the
patient to him and tell him the possible cause of her memory loss. The student asked - could it be
psychoses. Explain the possible causes.
11. 18 month old child brought to the ED by his mum. Photo was there showing swollen lips and
utricaria. Task : relevant history, manage and talk to the mother ( Peanut allergy ).
12. Primi 14 weeks pregnant. In the first ante natal visit you found that she is Rh negative. Talk to
the mother and manage the case.
13. 38 y old female has palpitation . She also complained of abdominal pain and headache . Many
episodes. Her husband lives with his new girl friend and has left her. Talk to the patient and manage
the case.
14. A 45 year old businessman drinks daily. P 140/90 BMI 29. abnormal LFTs. Task: explain the
test results and counsel the patient about his drinking.
15. 25 y old female lifted a heavy box and has had shoulder pain for 2 days. Task examine the
shoulder, diagnose and answer the examiner's questions. Most movements were restricted due to
pain – abduction, elevatione. Empty can test was positive (supraspinatus injury). Questions – what
is the other name for this injury – rotator cuff injury/ impingement sydnrome. What is the
inverstigation of choice – ultrasound.
16. 25 year old woman diagnosed with papillary carcinoma thyroid after FNAC. Task – tell the
patient about the diagnoses and manage.
Q – does it run in family? Do any other members of the family need to be investigated? Do I need
chemotherapy?
3. child abuse
4. fussy eater
7. Primary amenorrhea
9. Phaeochromocytoma
16 Lymphoedema
SEP 2009 Retest Melbourne
1) You are working as a RMO in a country hospital, one baby was just delivered and you
examined the baby find some features similar with DOWNS syndrome, photos were pasted
on the door. Task explain the condition to mum and further mx.
2)60 year old man came for the results of LFT, he is having chronic cough, increase yellow
sputum production with chest tightness. He has stopped smoking one year ago.He is a truck
driver.
Explain the results and further mx, explain how to use the spacer. It is an AMC book case.
Thank you for coming the results, is it the first time have you had this test? Yes
Do you know why we do this ix? No.
We assessing your lung capacity and function before and after given the bronchodilator drug
which help to open up the airway. FEV1 is how much air you can blow out in 1st sec, FVC is how
much air you can blow out as possible as you can, it should be more than 20% improvement after
the drug, unfortunately in your case it shows only 11% improvement, it means the airway is
getting damage progressively and irreversibly due to chemical irritation to mucous membrane and
mucous production of inflammatory response and block by mucous plug. RV was increased, this
means after we blow out the air from lungs there are some air stays in the lung, in your case it is
more than normal because the lung lost its elasticity and difficult to expel all the air out, same as
TLC was increased due to the same reason and obstruction, we call it emphysema. CO diffusion
capacity was reduced- this is a waste product of respiration it should be eliminated from lungs, but
due to the loss of elasticity and obstruction the lining lost its capacity to diffuse into the blood
stream and remains in the lungs.
He asked is it cancer dr—We would not diagnose cancer from this IX, for that I will do other IX
like CXR, CT chest if you have sym and signs like LOA. LOW blood in sputum, do you have
these? NO. Don’t worry about this at this stage I will check on it.
I appreciate that you have stopped smoking, then the sym wont progress and better to avoid
environmental and work related dust, because you are a truck driver.
I will refer you respiratory rehabilitation to improve lung function, chest physio
Do some regular walking in clean air daily as you can comfortable, take nutritious food to
improve your quality of life, try to avoid contact with sick people, take
5yearly pneumococcal vaccine and yearly influenza vaccine. You need to have regular follow up.
I will give you bronchodilator and ipratropium combine inhaler as well as steroid inhaler bcos you
are having increase sputum and cough, you need Augmentin as well, are you allergy to any
medication? No. Depending on your oxygen saturation(less than 65%)continuous home oxygen
more than 16 hours per day will help your symp, because you stopped smoking we can arrange for
that.
Finally I explained how to use the spacer, and examiner asked me if he does not have spacer how
to use the inhaler, I explained it as well( 10 sec hold the breath is important)
COPD
3)50 year old man had TKR 5 days ago, and developed confusion and agitation, he is on
Morphine for pain, he is taking alcohol long time 6 cans per day.
AMC book case but here they have done some IX and Ex on pt
MMSE –decrease orientation, recall, attention, Hb 11.5, LFT totally deranged specially
GGT bp 130/80
Task talk to your registrar about further mx
Good morning Mr x I have gone through the case note and examined this gentlemen I suspect he
is having delirium after operation and I would like to find the causes and do ix for that, it can be
hypoxia—O2 saturation, ABG and CXR, sepsis—blood and urine culture, wound swab US ABD,
underlying medical condition dementia, hyper and hypo thyrodism, hyper parathyroidism,
metabolic and electrolyte imbalance—hypo and hyper glycemia, uremia, Ca Mg Po4, BUSE,
alcohol and drug with withdrawal(opioid, narcotic) BP and Hb are normal so unlikely hypotension
and anemia. I highly suspect alcohol withdrawal bcos pt is taking long term and abnormal LFT.
Registrar asked how are you going to manage?
I would like to stop morphine and give diazepam, O2 , Thiamine, glucose infusion
Monitor the pt in calm and quiet room with protection of noise and visual disturbances (night and
subdue light), same nurse take care him during the shift, explained the procedures, and
perceptions which he has clearly before they do. Frequent visit of family member and friends,
keep familiar things from home to his room, try to avoid bladder and bowel fullness to avoid
urinary catheter.
Examiner asked me do you want to ask any que from your registrar I just asked him did I miss any
Ix or Mx which need to do this pt, he said everything is ok, then the examiner ask the registrar do
you want to ask her any que, the registrar was smiling.
Delirium after operation.
4)23 year old male came with the hx of painless testicular swelling and discomfort for 2
weeks, Ex—found nontender scrotal swelling, can get above transilluminable, testis and
epididimis can’t be separated. Explained the condition and further Mx no need to take hx
and ex.
Good morning Mr. x I have examined you and found some fluid accumulation between your
scrotal wall and testis, we called this condition as hydrocele, have you heard about this? No. It can
be just benign fluid formation due to infection, injury or trauma, or nasty growth in testis so I will
arrange US first to differentiate benign and malignant, if it is benign we will aspirate it and send it
to pathology to exclude infection and treat with antibiotics, recurrence benign hydrocele will be
managed by sclerosant injection to stop formation and last option surgery. If it is nasty lesion
urologist will remove your testis through the groin, to prevent the implantation of tumour cells in
scrotum and it different lymphatic spread, don`t worry a lot at this stage, even it is malignant we
can manage it very well, you came early and it has a good prognosis, we will follow up with
tumour markers alpha fetoprotein, beta hcg, ct chest and abd to exclude secondaries, beginning
fup 3monthly later less frequent. You need radiotherapy as well, before that we will collect your
sperm and store for the later fertility, because radiation will affect the sperm, don`t worry all are
temporary side effect during radiation. Better to do self testicular examination monthly after warm
bath, if you find any lump immediately contact me.
SCROTAL SWELLING.
5)60year old male has LLQ pain, constipation and weight loss 6kg in 6months duration, he
had blood test and endoscopy colonoscopy everythings were normal
take a psychiatric hx and DD.
Hello Mr x I have a good news for you all the ix turned as normal there is no nasty lesion or any
chronic condition, you will be a good relief of that, pt said I still have pain and constipation Dr. It
does not mean you don’t have these symp, all your sym are real and I agree with you, I would like
to ask some more que why you do still have these, is it ok? Yes. Could you tell me were there any
unusual things happened 6 months before like, did you loss anyone who you love, any financial
problem, any accident operation, he said he retired 6 month before now staying alone at home,
wife is working, his children are faraway and busy with their life. Do you enjoy your hobbies,
interest and out going as previous? He is not playing golf as before, don`t want to mix with his
friends, want to stay at home, How is your sleep and appetite?
Poor appetite, awake early morning and difficult to go back sleep again, Do you loss confidence
and feel guilty or thinking the life is not worth full and hopeless? I have lost my confident and not
feeling guilty or ending of life.
Some people when they are stress they can hear or see images even nobody around themselves
was it happened to you? No. Do you avoid any places if you go you will get panic attack or
anxiety? No, do you have any bad dreams or flashbacks? No. Do you experience that thoughts are
taken from your mind or you felt that thoughts are putting in your mind? No. Do you feel some
one spying you or people are against you? No. Do you have a thought of harming your self or
others? No. Do you think you have a problem that need to be treated? No
If you smell a smoke when you are in a cinema what will you do? I will ran away.
Do you know where are you now? Hospital, What is the day and time? He answered correctly.
Alcohol, smoking, recreational drug hx negative. No previous or family hx of mental illness.
When people are mentally unwell and stress the body can express the sym like pain, body ache,
hyperventilation and palpitation, you can see our head is above the body and control the other
parts of body, if the mind is not in our control it produces some physical symptoms and some
chemicals in the brain is not in sufficient amount , it has to be replaced by externally. E.g. if blood
FE is not in sufficient amount we will get anemia like this if the chemical is not in enough amount
we will get depression, every body feels some depression now and then when they are stress or
not well but in your case you are over depressed it can’t be control by yourself and don’t fight
with it without support, you need a professional help. I will give you some sleeping hygiene
method, go to sleep at regular times like 9pm to 7am, do some regular exercise in the morning,
don’t take your dinner too late and too much, have a light dinner, warm milk before go to bed,
don’t drink coffee or alcohol in night, use your bed room only for sleep, don1t read books or
watching TV in the bedroom, comfortable bed, and good temp in the room, if you can’t sleep in
particular time in the bed get up and do some work or read books out side the room and when you
get sleep go to bed rather than just lying in the bed without sleeping.
7)23 yo female came with 4th attack of monoliasis , she took some medication for that it does
not help much, take relevant Hx, ex mx
She had 4th time in 6 month duration, she is irritated with this, no discharges, itchy
It is not before or during her periods, no urinary symp, no frequency, no dysuria, no thirst, no
polyphagia, no other allrgy in body, her periods are regular no preg symp, she has been on OCP
for 6years, no children yet, sexual hx, she has regular partner, no STI or PID in the past , no casual
partner, her pap smear was normal, she in not on steroids, or not taking any antibiotics
Ex BMI normal, no temp PR BP normal no skin allergy signs, no pallor, Ht Lungs normal, ABD
non tender no mass or organomegaly, PV no rash no discharge no ulcer, speculum only white
patches no discharege. Other ex we have to do, cervical swab for candidiasis, trichomonas,
bacterial vaginosis, chalamydia and gonorrhoea,
Urine deep stick for glu nitrate leucocyte, RBS Urine MCS
She had nystatin cream and pessary before, I told you are having recurrent candidiasis it can be
precipitated by OCP, DM so I would like you to stop OCP for a while and use condom, will see
how is response, I will give you Flucanazole oral tab weekly for 6 month and exclude other STI
Infection, UTI and DM as above. Some LSM, like use cotton underwear, loose pants wash and
wipe front to back, void urine when your bladder is full, don`t hold it long time, don’t sit long
time, take a walk frequently, if you go for swim change wet dress quickly, don’t use tampon,
vaginal douche or deodorant, use sodium bicarbonate bath.
Recurrent Moniliasis
8. 50year old lady with 5th attack of leg weakness, she has DM for 20years.Hx, EX,MX
She had 5th episode of leg weakness, this time she had a fall, so I ask about any head injury or
LOC, bleeding, all were negative, no slurred speech, no dysphagia, no visual blurredness, no other
body part weakness or numbness, no head ache, giddiness, SOB, chest pain, palpitation. Now she
is well with out weakness, no loss of balance.
She has DM taking medicine for that blood sugar control is good, PB normal No high cholesterol
or AF F/H of CVD, CAD is positive, she is smoking for 20years, no alcohol hx, NKDA, No
recreational drug, no regular exercise, no stress
EX, no obvious weakness in body, BMI 28, PR regular 78, BP 130/90, normal, heart no murmur
no added sound, carotid no bruie JVP normal, lungs clear, abd normal, no aortic bruie or femoral
bruie or renal artery bruie, peripheral pulses present, CNS—Cranial nerves normal, fundscopy
normal, UL, LL tone power reflex coordination sensation all normal. urine deep stick negative for
glu, protein, ketone, nitrate leukocyte.
You are having mini stoke and it is an emergency any time you can develop Stroke, have you
heared about this, there is a block by blood clot in the arteries or fatty plaque formation due to
excessive cholesterol in the blood and brain not get enough blood supply from that arteries,
depending on the which part of brain damage the symptoms will appear. I am going to admit in
hospital by ambulance, there you need ix MRI brain, carotid dopler US Bld test RBS, lipid profile,
coagulation study, ECG, If there is no bleeding you will be given aspirin and continue for life
long, seen by neurosurgeon.
I would like to arrange another appointment to talk about quit smoking, it is an important risk
factor and it affect almost all organ in our body, I will give you the contact, you need to have good
control of BP, GLU. Choles, referral to ophthalmology, RFT And podiatrist. Do some regular
exercise like 30 min walking, take more fiber contain complex cho food avoid sugar, oily take
away food, dietician referral. When you are on Aspirin don’t take NSAID, if you have PUD sym
bleeding come to hosp immediately.
1. Young lady has had a grand mal fit. She has h/o epilepsy in childhood. Last fit before this
attack 6 yrs ago. Been to a neurologist and has done CT head, EEG, etc. She has been
diagnosed with idiopathic GTCS. Started on carbamezepine. She is currently using
microgynon 20 as a OCP. She wants to concieve. Works as a courier. Neurologist concerned
about driving. Sent her to GP for further advice.
Advice patient regarding her work and about pregancy. Answer her questions.
2. 3 and half year girl. Parents and teachers says that she does not get involved much and
prefers doing things by her self. Only child. o/e NAD.
Talk to parents, take relevant history. Diagnostic impression and management.
4. 12 y old boy active basketball player c/o pain right knee and thigh since yesterday after
playing. Been having similar pains on and off since last 4 months with occasional limping.
Hx, ask examiner about examination findings, interpret investigations. And manage.
5. Young guy with knife injury to right wrist. Examination of hand and Mx. ( cut on the wrist
ventral aspect and medially in the ulnar nerver area. Not extending across)
7. Daughter of patient has come to talk to you. The patient had passed away with acute MI.
Patient's wife is known to you but has not come today. Daughter has come to talk to you.
She wants to know how and why her father died. He was apparently healthy till now.
CVS risk factors.
8. 24 y female been to her beautician to get her hair done. She was told that there is increased
hair on her face that might need medical attention. She has come to talk to you in the GP
practice.
Hx, ask examination findings, inv and manage.
9. 30 y old female complaining of cough. Had recent URTI 6 months ago. Other symptoms
settled but cough is persisting. Has been seperated from Partner for 6 months. Investigated
by respiratory physician, ENT – NAD.
Talk to patient and advice about management.
10. 60 y male with aches and pains. History, ask examination findings and manage.
11. 24 y female last seen by LMO 9 weeks ago for amenorrhea. Amenorrhea for 9 weeks. Her
periods generally irregular. Last period was 3 months ago. She has done urine beta HCG
which is positive. Taken an appointmet at the hospital antenatal clinic. Given appointment in
2 months. She has come to see you in your GP practice. Advice on what investigations are
necessary for her from now till 2 months time. Answer patients questions.
12. 5 y old oy brought to ED in a rural hospital by parents. Boy was well today morning.
Suddenly in the afternoon became febrile, lethargic, decreased interest and responsiveness.
History, ask examination findings and manage.
13. 30 year old school gym instructor with c/o hoarseness of voice since few weeks.
Hx, ask examination findings and advice management.
14. Young girl known borderline personality disorder. Known to mental health team brought to
hospital by ambulance as she has had multiple cuts to wrists and thighs which did not need
sutures. She was also intoxicated with alcohol. No 24 hours psychiatric cover in hospital. It
is 10 pm now. Do risk assessment on the patient. Advice patient on your initial
management.
AMC CLINICAL – NOV 7, 2009 SYDNEY
I failed this case. I should have explored the mother's angle as well.
People who treated this case as Post natal depression/blues/maladjustment failed either.
Mother was coping well. However being the first born mother was overtly anxious.
4. 26 year old woman complains of hardness of hearing after delivery of her baby.
Task – take brief history for 1 minute, physical examination, management.
Finds difficult to hear since delivery. It is in both ears. Finds that she has to turn the TV vol up to
hear better. Asked whether she heard better in noisy surroundings, she said no. No history of
trauma, ear infections or use of medications like gentamicin. Family history of similar problems is
positive – sister has similar problems
Examination – there were 4 tuning forks that we had to choose from. I chose the 256 hz one.
Performed Rinne's test – air conduction lesser than bone conduction. Not able to hear the tuning
fork when placed near the near canal but can hear when placed on mastoid.
Weber's test – Equal in both ears.
Otoscopy – not done but asked to look for wax and tympanic membrane. The examiner said Okay.
( note – when you try to activate the tuning fork, it is better to strike it on the heel of your shoe and
test it by placing against your ear, striking it against your palm or elbow may not work and it might
be painful)
Explained to the patient that she had conduction deafness most probably – otosceloris. Explained it
by drawing a diagram.
Told her the need to confirm diagnosis by doing a audiogram and ENT specialist consultation who
might decide to do a surgery – prosthesis with vein graft.
She asked whether this problem will get better with itself or by medications – No.
Will her children get it – autosomal dominant, so a genetic pattern to it is seen.
5. Mother comes to you complaining that her 18 month old child is not talking well.
Task – take further history, physical examnination, management plan to the mother.
18 month old child not talking. Mother anxious. Child just muttering a few unintelligible phrases.
Growth and development normal till now. No infections. No ear infections, no history of trauma or
accidents. No ear injury.
Antenatal history – No use of any drugs or any illness in the mother. Asked about rubella and
gentamicin
Post natal – premature baby. Requiring phototherapy. Had jaundice.
One sibling. Normal. Not problems. I was not sure about the normal milestones. So I asked the
mother about the first child. She said the first child started talking at 12 months of age and she said
that this child has not yet started talking.
No family history of deafness or any speech disorders.
Mother was concerned about Autism.
Physical examination: Normal healthy looking baby.
Growth chart given when asked. Normal.
Ear – dull tympanic membrane. No wax.
Nose and throat – NAD
Other systems – normal.
Management- told the mother that the child's speech is delayed possibly because there is some
problem with the child. This could be because of the hearing defect. I will have to arrange the baby
to have a formal audiogram and also referral to a ENT specialist.
Mother wanted to know that could jaundice after birth have caused it. I said yes.
Could it be autism? I said at this stage it looks like the baby has some hearing problems that has
delayed speech.
She wanted to know if it could be cured. I said we have to wait for the investigations and the
opinion of the specialist. He will be able to advice about further management.
Diagnosis: Hearing Loss or Autism.
6. 30 year old man went to donate blood. BP was found to be elevated BP 170/100.
Three consistent readings were elevated. Patient smokes ten cigarettes a day and
moderate drinker of alcohol. Not on any medication. Family history of heart disease and
hypertension.
(long stem – cannot recollect the entire stem, details of family, social and occupational
history were given).
Task – perform focussed physical examination
Explain further management to the patient.
I was not at all organised. However the examiner was very helpful and was observing my every
step.
I gave a commentary as I went along as best as I could.
I performed general examination – looking for BMI. Pulse rate. BP in all four limbs.
Checked the CVS
Endocrine – Thyroid and cushings.
Eyes – fundoscopy.
Urine dipstick – looking for glucose, protiens.
ECG
Finally after I had finished examination, the examiner asked me to advise the patient. I said we have
to do some investigations – EUC, Blood glucose, Lipid profile, TFTs, serum cortisol level etc.
If no cause is found then it meant that it is essential hypertension. The patient wanted to know if we
will start medications. I said we will try to control it with diet and exercise. And if that fails then we
may have to consider medication. But that will be later.
I was not at all satisfied with the way I went. I was not organised but I guess I covered everything.
The examiner was a nice person and tried to help me and put me back on the track when I started
doing some unecessary examinations.
I passed this case.
Diagnosis - Hypertension
7. 50 year old female complains of dizziness and dysphasia. Weakness in the right upper
and lower limbs. Symptoms have resolved while waiting in the GP clinic.
Task – Perform focussed physical examination.
At the end of 6 minutes the examiner will stop you. Explain your diagnostic impression and
management plan to the patient.
Same case as in the AMC hand book. Did P/E as per the handbook.
However forgot to do co-ordination tests and gait and balance.
All findings were normal. No bruit in carotid arteries and no sensory loss or weakness. Cranial n.
5,6, 7, 8. 9. 10 normal. No e/o horners sydnrome.
At the end of 6 minutes the examiner stopped me and asked what was my management. I told her
that she had what we call a 'TIA'. A mini stroke. The symptoms have resolved. But she needs to get
admitted to Hospital for investigation. We will do a CT scan of the brain and also blood tests –
FBC, Euc, Blood sugars, Lipids. Carotid dopplers. And we will also start her on Aspirin and a
statin. Also the neurologist will come and review her. Further management would be on the basis of
the investigation findings.
Diagnosis – Dysphasia and upper limb weakness.
Essentially TIA.
8. 24 year old female patient calls you at 4 a.m in the hospital ward complaining of abdomen
pain. She has been seen by your registrar regarding this and no cause was found. She is
insisting that her pain can get relieved by only morphine and she is insisting that she be given
it for her pain.
Task – Talk to the patient – history and further management
It was a young Chinese girl. I started by introducing myself and asked her what was wrong and
what woke her up at 4 a.m? She told me that she has severe pain in her tummy. When asked about
the PQRST of the pain she said it is generally all over and it is pretty bad. She has had it for 2 years
now. She takes morphine and it settles. She said that each time she has such a pain, she goes to the
medical centre and the doctor gives her script of morphine and then she is alright. I asked her
whether she was investigated for this pain. She said that she had all tests including colonoscopy and
they were all normal. I asked her whether she has the reports. She said yes. Her bowel function was
normal. She had no regular GP.
Physical examination done by Registrar was normal.
I told her that the senior doctor has examined her and he feels that there is no obvious cause for this
pain. I told her that her body had become dependant on morphine and so she was experiencing this
sort of pain. She got angry and asked me – Am I a junkie? I said no. Her pain is genuine and we
need to solve it and sort it out. I further asked her about any addiction. None at all. Her family – she
had a daughter but she does not live with her. She lives with her grandmother. She is single and is
on a pension. I told her I emphatise with her condition and that her problem is genuine. I will
organise for her to get investigated to find the cause of the pain. At the same time we need to
address the issue of morphine. I said that there is a group of specialists who will deal with this. I
avoided mentioning Drug and Alcohol. I said they will devise a plan for you to bring you off the
dependance of morphine. She asked me that is for later, what about the pain for now. I said that I
will not give her morphine. However there are other non opiate analgesics that will help with the
pain. I said we will try NSAIDS and I will give her an injection of Ketorolac ( toradol ). This may
give her some relief. I will review her some time later to see how she is going. I further said that
her pain is genuine and we will try to help her in every way possible. I asked her how does that
sound. She said that is fair enough and is willing to give it a try.
AMC Diagnosis – Chronic Pain.
I dealt this case as Chronic pain with opiate dependance.
9. 60 year old female has come to you about a lump in the right breast.
Picture provided. Right breast higher than the left. Nipple inverted. No signs of
lyphoedema in the picture
Task – History, Ask for Physical examination findings, Talk about your management plan.
There was a picture of the the breast outside the room. The right breast higher than the left. The
nipple was inverted and there seemed to be some amount of lyphoedema changes but not clear. I
asked history. Important points was that this had started slowly. Never had a mammogrom or breast
check up. Family history positive. Said she had been getting increasingly short of breath. The
patient was very afraid and kept on asking me from time to time whether it was serious. She also
said that there is family history of heart disease.
I asked further examination findings. The examiner asked me to say what I saw in the picture.
No axillary lymphadenopathy. I asked about the other finding. The examiner said you tell that
patient what you will do. I said that I will do a thorough physical examination. Starting with the
breasts. Since she was short of breath. I will check her CVS and Respiratory system. Looking for
signs of any heart failure pedal oedema etc.
She was very afraid and said that she is all alone, no family. She asked me if anything could be
wrong with her heart.
I said that I can understand her worries. I am there for her for support.
I will arrange investigations like ultrasound, mammogram and then biopsy. If the biopsy it positive
for breast cancer then we will have to do a CT scan for further staging. I said that I will be referring
her to a specialist for further assessment. She asked me whether it was breast cancer. I said possibly
but we have to wait for the investigation results. Till that time I cannot say anything in definite. She
said that she was afraid. I said I will arrange support for her and I will be there with her all through
this difficult period of her life.
The examiner and role player were happy. He said Shukriya ( thank you in Hindi ) as I was leaving
the room.
AMC – Advanced breast cancer.
10. 23 year old female come to you with pain abdomen lower abdomen radiating to the
groin. Pain is subsided now. A CT was done.
Task – Interpret the CT scan. Talk to the patient about your diagnostic impression and
management plan.
Same case as in the recalls. The CT scan showed a horse shoe shaped kidney.
The examiner wanted me to explain the CT scan. Which I did.
The role player asked me if it could be cancer. I said not likely.
I said that the pain could have been because of a stone that you would have passed.
However we will do some tests like EUC, TFTs and CMP.
The patient should be aware and the abnormally positioned kidney. She should be careful
especilally with contact sports. The examiner asked what sort of contact sports. I said – kick
boxing. They both started laughing. The examiner asked me so what if I have a million
dollars. Can I give it to her. I said by all means. She will be very lucky. There was still some
time. So we made some small talk and when the bell rang I went out. Everyone seemed to
be in a good mood in this station.
Diagnosis – Congenital renal abnormality
12. A 20 year old patient has been brought to your GP practice by his parents. He says
that he has a specific information for the US president.
Task – Take history, Present your diagnostic impression and finding(mental state
examination) to the examiner with DD.
20 year old boy brought to GP practice by the parents. He was very agitated. He had been to a
music festival yesterday and it suddenly dawned on him that he has this mission to save the US
president. Continuously talking. Saying that he had some important information for the american
president and he had to go.
He was answering questions but was really agitated. No insight and judgement. No suicidal intent
or ideation.
When I asked about drug usage he was not clear and became annoyed.
I told the examiner – 20 year old boy agitated. Dishivelled and untidy to look at. Continuously
talking. Unable to obtain full history. No insight or judgement.
DD – Acute psychosis secondary to most possibly drug usage.
Mania, Bipolar illness, Pre existing mental illness – schizophreniform disorder.
AMC Diagnosis – Elevated Mood assessment
13. 10 year old boy presented to GP practice with headache.
Task – take further history from the father, physical examination findings (only those
specific investigation finding that you ask for will be givne) , explain management plan
to the father.
Headache since the past few weeks. Mostly in the mornings. With vomitting. No fever, no visual
disturbances. No aura. Growth and development normal. No other medical illnesses. No history of
trauma or head injury. Family history of migraine positive.
Physical examination: Healthy looking child alert oriented. Obs stable. Afebrile.
I asked for Fundoscopy: Given a picture of the fundus – it did not look normal. ? Papilloedema.
ENT – Normal.
CVS – Normal.
No rash neck rigidity.
Management: I told the father the the fundus did not look normal. It looked like papilloedema. But I
will get it confirmed by the senior doctor here.
The examiner asked me if I was sure about this. I said that I am a junior but this does not look
normal so I will get the findings confirmed.
The examiner asked me to tell the father the plan – I said that the fundus looks abnormal. If my
senior confirms that it is papilloedema. Then it might be because of raised intracranial hypertension.
We need to take a CT scan. And further referral to a neurologist. It could be serious.
The examiner asked me what if normal. I said if the fundus is normal then it could be migraine and
we need to keep a watch on the headache. I will also give some pain relief since paracetamol was
not helping, I will give something stronger like nurofen or paracetamol with codiene (painstop
syrup). We also need to study the pattern of the headache.
However I said that we need to rule out the serious cause by taking CT scan.
I asked the father how does this plan sound. He said, that seems reasonable.
The examiner was alright.
I was worried because I wasn't sure about the papilloedema, but I passed the case.
I guess, it was because I did say that I will rule out papilloedema, intracranial hypertension and do a
CT scan. Thus keeping the patient safe.
AMC Diagnosis – Child headache raised ICP
14. 24 year old woman has presented to your GP practice with 12 month amenorrhoea.
Task – take further history
physical examination findings
Management
History of 12 months of amernorrhoea. Periods have been normal prior to that. Complaint of some
pain in the tummy. Dull pain. I asked if there is any pattern to it. She said it comes every month. I
asked whether it was approx at the same time as when she got her periods previously. She said yes.
Also some amount of slight brownish discharge. No complain of excessive hot or cold. Not on any
medications. No breast tenderness.
No history of pregnancies in the past. History of D and C more than a year ago. Feels that the
period have stopped after that.
16. Patient comes to your GP practice with 41 week pregnancy primi. Pregnancy has been
uneventful till now. 34 week scan normal. All antenatal blood tests normal. No DM/HTN.
GBS swab was done at 34 weeks which was normal. (long stem)
Task – take further history
Physical examination findings
Explain your diagnosis and further management plan to the patient.
Same case as previous recalls.
Post dates pregancies. 41 weeks. Dates confirmed. Pregnancy normal till now. Ultrasound 34 week
normal. No big baby or CPD. No fibroids. No malpresentation. Baby kicking.
P/E – Normal lie presentation. Fetal heart sounds normals. No signs of poly hydramnios or oligo
hydramnios.
CTG – reactive.
Management: I said that it is already 41 weeks. We will have to deliver the baby because it is post
dates. We will have to admit the mother in hospital. Arrange for a USG to r/o big baby, placental
abnormalities or CPD. If everything is normal the delivery will be induced using prostaglandits to
ripe the cervix. I asked her whether she had bronchial asthma or any other medical problems – nil.
There is no point in prolonging the delivery. We will keep a watch of meconium staining of liquor
in which case we will have to suction the nose and mouth and oropharynx and visualise the vocal
cords.
If everything is well then the delivery will go uneventfully and everything will be fine.
The mother agreed to get admitted to the hospital.
AMC Diagnosis – Post date pregnancy.
Good luck to everyone. You need to be very thorough with all the recalls. This is not an easy exam.
The cases are mostly repeated but we need to be very thorough. We have to have all the facts on the
tips of our fingers. So that we can recall them inside the room during the 8 minutes. Only repeated
study and role play will help. We need to constantly go through the cases in our mind.
Thanks for all the previous AMC candidates who have recalled their papers. We all should help
each other. And do recall all your papers and pass them around.
Thank you and Good luck!