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    Introduction To Microprocessors and Microcomputers

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    KarimovaRaikhanovna
    This document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcomputers. It discusses what a microcomputer system is with block diagrams showing the components. It defines what a microprocessor is and lists some key criteria. It also describes the different types of microprocessors including application and instruction complexity. The document outlines the difference between mainframes, mini, and microcomputers in terms of capacity and performance. It then discusses the history and evolution of Intel's microprocessors from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium II in 1997.

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    Introduction To Microprocessors and Microcomputers

    Uploaded by

    KarimovaRaikhanovna
    3 views9 pages
    This document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcomputers. It discusses what a microcomputer system is with block diagrams showing the components. It defines what a microprocessor is and lists some key criteria. It also describes the different types of microprocessors including application and instruction complexity. The document outlines the difference between mainframes, mini, and microcomputers in terms of capacity and performance. It then discusses the history and evolution of Intel's microprocessors from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium II in 1997.

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    microprocessor

    Original Title

    Lect01

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    This document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcomputers. It discusses what a microcomputer system is with block diagrams showing the components. It defines what a microprocessor is and lists some key criteria. It also describes the different types of microprocessors including application and instruction complexity. The document outlines the difference between mainframes, mini, and microcomputers in terms of capacity and performance. It then discusses the history and evolution of Intel's microprocessors from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium II in 1997.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3 views9 pages

    Introduction To Microprocessors and Microcomputers

    Uploaded by

    KarimovaRaikhanovna
    This document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcomputers. It discusses what a microcomputer system is with block diagrams showing the components. It defines what a microprocessor is and lists some key criteria. It also describes the different types of microprocessors including application and instruction complexity. The document outlines the difference between mainframes, mini, and microcomputers in terms of capacity and performance. It then discusses the history and evolution of Intel's microprocessors from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium II in 1997.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Introduction to Microprocessors and

    Microcomputers

    What is a microcomputer system?


    Block diagram of a digital computer

    Block diagram of a microcomputer system

    Memory
    Input

    CPU

    Output

    Memory
    Input

    Microprocessor

    Output

    What is a microprocessor?
    Criteria

    number of chips
    data path
    address space
    CPU performance
    Price

    Types of micrprocessor
    Application
    Reprogrammable microprocessors
    embedded microprocessors and microcontrollers

    Instruction complexity
    CISC
    RISC

    Classes of Computers
    What is the difference between main, mini, and micro?
    The capacity and performance of the electronics used to implemet their
    building blocks and the resulting overall system capacity and performance.

    CPU performance

    MIPS

    1
    circuit switch time levels of logic package delays clock cycles per instruction

    Tech Driven

    Machine
    Organization

    Microprocessor Architecture
    different from the architectures of large main frames? Why?
    One or a few VLSI chips
    VLSI environments
    density per chip
    die size ---- yield
    feature size --- 1.0 micron, 0.3 micron

    I/O pad
    chip cost
    power consumption
    propagation delay

    The History of Intels Microprocessors


    Intel 4004
    1971, 4-bit

    Intel 8008
    1972, 8-bit
    Originally designed for Datapoint Corp. as a CRT display controller

    Intel 8080
    1974, April - Altair 8800, 1975, MITS( 256 bytes of Mem, $395)
    Apple II -- Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak 1976, Apple
    Bill Gates and a fellow student : BASIC, 1975 --> Microsoft

    Intel 8086/8088
    1978, 16 bit: 8088, 1979, 8-bit external bus
    IBM PC ; 1981
    29,000 Trs

    The History of Intels Microprocessors


    Intel 80286

    1982, 16-bit architecture


    24-bit addressing, memory protection and virtual memory
    16 MB of physical MEM and 1 GB of virtual mem
    130,000 Trs onto a single chip
    IBM PC/AT in 1984, IBM PS/2 Model 50 and 60

    Intel 80386

    1985, 32 bits
    3~5 MIPS (7 MIPS on the 25 MHz chip)
    memory paging and enhanced I/O permission features
    4GB programming model

    Intel 80486
    1989 Spring COMDEX show -> 1990 June : actual release
    1,200,000 Trs

    The History of Intels Microprocessors


    386+387+8K data and instruction cache, paging and MMU

    Pentium

    1993
    110 MIPS on 66 Mhz Chip
    16 KB on-chip cache and 64 bit data bus
    superscalar technology (two instructions/clock)
    3.1 million transistors

    Pentium Pro

    1995, Superscalar(three-way issue)


    5.5 million Trs in the CPU core + 15.5 million Trs in the secondary cache
    8K data, 8K instr cache
    256 KB SRAM secondary cache
    200 SPECint92 at 133 MHz
    2.9 V, 0.6 micron BICMOS

    The History of Intels Microprocessors


    Pentium II

    Pentium Pro + MMX, 1997


    233, 266, upto 450 MHz
    7.5 million Trs in CPU
    512KB in secondary cache

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