Chapter 6 Powerpoint

Chapter 6
Becoming Canada
Rebellion in the 13
Americans were growing restless under

Colonies
British control.
4 reasons for an American rebellion:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Could only trade with Britain

(mercantilism)
Had to pay high taxes on British goods
Wanted local control over their own
affairs
Quebec Act gave Ohio River Valley to
Quebec, not the 13 Colonies
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party

1773 Tea Act
By reducing the tax on imported British tea, this
act gave British merchants an unfair advantage
in selling their tea in America. American colonists
condemned the act, and many planned to boycott
tea.
Boston Tea Party
When British tea ships arrived in Boston harbor,
many citizens wanted the tea sent back to
England without the payment of any taxes. The
royal governor insisted on payment of all taxes.
On December 16, a group of men disguised as
Indians boarded the ships and dumped all the tea
in the harbor.
http://
www.boston-tea-party.org/timeline.html
American Revolution
In April 1775, the War of Independence

began (Americans vs. British)
American soldiers invaded Quebec in 1775,
hoping the Canadiens would see them as
liberators. They didnt, and fought with the
British to defend Quebec.
Americans declare independence from Britain
on July 4, 1776 and the war officially ends in
1783.
The Loyalists
Many people living in the 13 Colonies did not

support the American rebellion.
They were known as United Empire
Loyalists.
the 3 main groups of people that would
have been Loyalists:
1. British citizens/soldiers
2. Enslaved African Americans
3. First Nations peoples that lost their
homes to the Americans
The Loyalists (contd)
Americans saw the

Loyalists as traitors.
Identify 3 things that the
Americans did to the
Loyalists as punishment.
1. Took away their

property and
possessions
2. Beat and jailed them
3. Tarred and feathered
them
Loyalists Come to
Many Loyalists fled to

Canada
British North
America (Canada).
Some returned to Britain
or other British colonies.
Britain promised to help
the Loyalists with free
land and supplies.
The promise wasnt kept
for all.
Black Loyalists faced
many hardships such as
racism and
discrimination.
Loyalists Come to Canada

(contd)
Many Loyalists came to Nova Scotia, where
it eventually split into two parts: Nova

Scotia and New Brunswick.
Loyalists also came to Quebec, but most of
the good land was already taken by the
Canadiens.
They were granted land further up the St.
Lawrence River (present-day Ontario).
Building a Bilingual
Country
With the large flow of British Loyalists into

Quebec, a new problem arose:
How will the British Loyalists be able to

co-exist with the French Canadiens?
The Constitutional Act of 1791 attempted

to solve this problem.
The Constitutional Act 1791

The Constitutional Act:
1.
2.
3.
Divided Quebec into two colonies: Upper

Canada for the British, and Lower Canada
for the French.
Gave each new colony their own elected
assembly, controlled by a British governor.
Retained all the French rights that were last
set out in the Quebec Act.
Map of the Canadas
Lower Canada
Upper Canada
War of 1812
1.
2.
3.
4.
This war was another conflict between

Britain and the USA.
Name 4 causes for this war.
Americans faced trade restrictions
because of a British/French war.
British were kidnapping American
sailors and putting them in the British
navy.
Americans wanted to take over British
colonies (quest for more land).
Britain was supporting the First
Nations, whereas the Americans
wanted to take their land.
Read the Biography on Tecumseh on

page 132
What was the role of Chief Tecumseh in the

War of 1812?
End of the War
The War of 1812 ended in a deadlock (no

winner or loser).
A major result was that a political boundary
line was created at the 49th parallel.
Americans felt they were finally getting
treated with respect from Britain.
People of Upper and Lower Canada felt
victorious in stopping the American
invasion.
The First Nations suffered in this war losing
15 000 people and were still not guaranteed
any land.
The Great Migration

Following the War of 1812, many
immigrants from the United Kingdom
(England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland) came
to Canada.
Reasons for increased immigration:
Jobs were scarce back in the U.K.
Farmers were being forced off their
land
Many starved and went poor
(Ireland)
Ocean was safe to travel
Colonies offered free land, more
opportunities to restart lives.
Coming to the Colonies

Most people who came to Canada were
poor.
During travel, many travelers died of
illnesses. Boats on a voyage were often
called coffin ships.
Many traveled to the maritime colonies, and
some traveled by land to Upper Canada.
The Terrible Year - 1847

In the beginning, roughly 30 000 immigrants
came to Canada each year.
In 1847, that number grew to 100 000. Crops
were failing in Ireland.
Many travelers died during the voyage of
typhus. Many were kept in quarantine
stations.
Underground Railroad
In 1833, Britain abolished slavery in all of its
colonies. Canada became a safe haven for
slaves in the United States.
The Underground Railroad was a secret
network used to help slaves escape to Canada.
The fugitives were hidden during the day.
Conductors moved them under the cover of
darkness from station to station on the
railroad.
Slavery didnt end in the United States until
1865. About half of the former enslaved people
returned home.
Government in the
Colonies
The Constitutional Act of 1791 gave each

colony of Upper and Lower Canada its own
government, each lead by its own governor
and elected assembly.
The Governor was appointed by Britain.

The Executive and Legislative Councils
were usually friends or relatives of the
governor
Legislative Assemblies were elected, but
had limited powers and could be vetoed.
Problems with the

Government
The Governor and Executive & Legislative Councils

were all English and could not be voted out their
concerns were different from French habitants and
professionals
Chateau Clique- name given to the small group
of business people usually related to the governor
in Lower Canada that held most of the political
power
Family Compact similar to the Chateau
Clique, they held power in Upper Canada
Many felt these two groups were only interested in
their own affairs. Special groups of people who
demanded change were called Reformers.
Rebellion in Lower Canada
Louis Joseph Papineau lead a

group of reformers called the Parti
Patriotes.
He created a list of grievances
called the 92 Resolutions and
presented this to the assembly.
This was a list of changes they
wanted in Lower Canada.
In 1837, the British government
rejected all the demands.
Papineau urged the Canadiens to
take up arms and fight. They won
their first battle in 1827 in Saint
Denis, however, the British would
soon crush the rebellion.
Rebellion in Upper Canada
William Lyon Mackenzie

published and wrote for the
Colonial Advocate, a newspaper
that addressed the problems in
Upper Canada
Elected to the Legislative
Assembly- wanted them to have
more power and style of
government similar to the United
States
He issued the Seventh Report
on Grievances.
Some Canadians decided to take
up arms, but their revolt was
quickly crushed.
Impact of the Rebellions
Although the rebellions of Upper and Lower

Canada failed, what impact did they have?
They made Britain realize that

something was wrong in both colonies
and that reform (change) was
necessary.
Responsible Government
Lord Durham would be sent,
as governor, to investigate the
causes of the rebellions in
Upper and Lower Canada and
suggest solutions to the
problems
Durham blamed the trouble in
Canada on the conflict
between the French and the
English
He wanted to rid Canada of
the French language all
together. He would do this by
combining the 2 colonies.
Act of Union, 1841

Durham made 2 recommendations:
Unite Upper and Lower Canada into a single
colony
Grant the colonies responsible
government
Act of Union in 1841 combined the two
colonies into 1 country with 2 provinces. Lower
Canada became Canada East, and Upper
Canada became Canada West.
English became the official language of the
government, and this made many Canadiens
very unhappy.

Chapter 6 Powerpoint

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 6 Powerpoint

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 6 Powerpoint

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 6

Americans were growing restless under

Could only trade with Britain

Boston Tea Party

The Boston Tea Party

In April 1775, the War of Independence

Many people living in the 13 Colonies did not

The Loyalists (contd)

Americans saw the

1. Took away their

Many Loyalists fled to

Loyalists Come to Canada

Many Loyalists came to Nova Scotia, where

it eventually split into two parts: Nova

With the large flow of British Loyalists into

How will the British Loyalists be able to

The Constitutional Act of 1791 attempted

The Constitutional Act 1791

Divided Quebec into two colonies: Upper

Map of the Canadas

This war was another conflict between

Read the Biography on Tecumseh on

What was the role of Chief Tecumseh in the

End of the War

The War of 1812 ended in a deadlock (no

The Great Migration

Coming to the Colonies

The Terrible Year - 1847

The Constitutional Act of 1791 gave each

The Governor was appointed by Britain.

Problems with the

The Governor and Executive & Legislative Councils

Rebellion in Lower Canada

Louis Joseph Papineau lead a

Rebellion in Upper Canada

William Lyon Mackenzie

Impact of the Rebellions

Although the rebellions of Upper and Lower

They made Britain realize that

Act of Union, 1841

You might also like