Obg Sem by Padmashree Institute of Nursing
Obg Sem by Padmashree Institute of Nursing
Obg Sem by Padmashree Institute of Nursing
Maternal and child health care which is now also being described as
“Reproductive and Child Health” is very important component of the family
welfare programmes in India launched on October 15 1997. It is a method of
delivering health care to special groups in the population, which are
especially vulnerable to disease, disability or death.
GENERAL
At the end of the class the group will have be able to gain in depth knowledge
about the topic.
Specific Objective
➢ Define MCH
➢ Enlist the objectives
➢ Know the causes of MMR
➢ Explain the MCH services
➢ Explain the RCH phase 2
➢ Enlist the health care delivery system
➢ State the NRHM
➢ Enumerate the ASHA
➢ List out key strategies
➢ Enlist the outcomes NRHM
➢ State the NGO
➢ Know the role of NGO
TERMINOLOGIES:
• Reproductive: those parts of the male and female body associated with
the production of children.
• Maternal: pertaining of the mother.
• Child: young human being.
• Health: is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and
not merely absence of disease and infirmity.
• Development: the process of growth and differentiation.
• Family welfare: well being of health in the family.
• Vulnerable: easily wounded.
• Preventive : serving to prevent
• Curative: This promotes healing by overcoming disease.
• Rehabilitative: restore to effectiveness by training.
• Paediatrics: the branch of medicine dealing with the care and
development of children and with the treatment of diseases that affects
them.
• Fertility: able to reproduce.
• Disease: unhealthy condition of the body.
• Survival: surviving to live.
• Education: development of characters
• Contraceptives: the devices used to prevent conception.
• Accreditation: to give someone official status within a organization
• Contracting: a drawing together.
• Mortality: the state of being liable to die.
• Morbidity: the state of being diseased.
• Immunization: the act of creating immunity by artificial means.
• Prophylaxis: prevention of disease.
• Voluntary: able to act of one’s own free will.
• Infrastructure: basic structural foundations.
• Resources: available.
• Deprivation: absence of parts that are needed.
• Intricately: very complicated.
• Inflicting: deal.
• Resuscitation: restoration to life of one apparently dead.
• Asphyxiated: pathological changes caused by lack of oxygen
• Pioneering: beginner of enterprise.
DEFINITION
The term “maternal and child health” refers to the promotive, preventive,
curative and rehabilitative health care for mothers and children. It
encompasses the health care aspects of obstetrics, paediatrics, family
welfare, nutrition, child development and health education.
Maternal and child health [MCH] refers to preventive and curative health
care activities for mothers and children.
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMMES
Women of the reproductive age groups [15-44 years] and children [male
and female below 15 years of age] constitute almost 60% of the
population. Mothers and children are considered as a special group for
the following reasons:
OBJECTIVES
Causes of MMR
➢ Haemorrhage
➢ Toxaemias
➢ Anaemia
➢ Obstructed labour
➢ Puerperal sepsis
➢ Unsafe abortion.
MCH SERVICES
In 1989 WHO gave for the child survival and safe motherhood [CSSM]
programme which was implemented by the Government of India and
initiated in 1992.The CSSM programme with an integrated package of
intervention for improving the health status
of women and children and reducing the material infant and child
mortality rates. The service is provided to pregnant women, infants and
children under 5 years of age. The package of services under CSSM
program includes the following:
For the mothers
➢ Immunization
➢ Prevention and treatment of anaemia.
➢ Antenatal care and early identification of maternal complication.
➢ Deliveries by trained personnel.
➢ Promotion of Institutional deliveries
➢ Management of obstetric emergencies.
➢ Birth spacing
For children
RCH –PHASE 2
Changes
Health
Curative
Resources
Public Status
in
Or
Preventive
Private
Health
Health Problems
Promotive
Voluntary
Status
Indigenous
MODEL OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
➢ Comprehensive
➢ Accessible
➢ Acceptable
➢ Provide for community participation
➢ Available at a cost the community and country can afford.
The health care system is intended to deliver the health care services.
The final outcome is the changed health status or improved health status
of the country. It has five different sectors.
a) Primary health care: Keeping in view the WHO goal of “Health for
All” by 2000, the government if India evolved a National health policy
based on primary health care approach.
Sub centres: It is the peripheral outpost of the existing health
delivery system in rural areas.
2. Private sector
ASHA Sahayogini
In each Anganwadi Centre apart from Anganwadi Worker and Sahayoka one
additional worker named 'Sahyogini' is envisaged to provide door to door
information and services of Nutrition, Health, preschool education. Her role is
quite similar to the role of ASHA under NRHM. This worker is called as 'ASHA
Sahyogini', selected by the community through Gram Panchayat and
responsible to the community.
Training
Capacity building of ASHA is critical in enhancing her effectiveness. It has
been envisaged that training will help to equip her with necessary knowledge
and skills. Training of ASHA Sahyogini is a continuous process. Considering
her range of functions and task to be performed, her induction training is
planned for 23 days in 4 rounds (10+4+4+5 days). The trainings are planned
in cascade models
Objective
1. To decrease maternal mortality rate & infant mortality rate.
2. To increase Institutional deliveries amongst BPL & poor families.
Beneficiary
• Women of BPL.
Key strategies
There are twelve key strategies identify for RCH II
1. Strengthening Project Management Structure at state and district levels
• Re-organizing of Medical Directorate.
• Renovation of Medical Directorate and NRHM/RCH-II cell.
• Setting up, of the PMU at state & district levels.
• Induction of newly appointed professionals done on programme
management and interventions.
• Support for communication, equipments and mobility to DPMUs.
2. Strengthening Infrastructure at various levels of health service delivery
• Upgrading of PHCs as BemOCs.
• Provision of blood storage at 26 identified CEmOCs to make them fully
functional.
• Support for equipment and labour tables at 25% PHCs.(10000.00 Rs.
Per Institution)
• Support for minor repair and renovation of public facilities at 50% PHCs.
(25000.00 Rs. Per Institution)
• Facility survey of all PHC and CHCs.
3. Human resource development and capacity building
• Development of annual training calendar.
• Strengthening of ANMTCs.
• Support medical colleges for Anaesthesia trainings.
• Library at SIHFW & Medical Directorate.
• Orientation of AYUSH Doctors on National Programmes.
4. Improving quality of care and Strengthening Referral System
• Study on referral system
• 7 days Mobility support to PHC MOs
• Installation of new telephone connection at all PHC/CHCs.
• Workshops for developing standards and protocols for quality of care.
5. Strengthening and improvement of logistics and supply systems
• Feasibility study to setting up of the drugs and logistics warehousing
has been done.
• Support for the repair of workshop for cold chain equipment has been
provided.
• Support for hiring 12 new refrigerator mechanics has been provided to
district where such positions are vacant.
6. Strengthening Health Management information system (HMIS), monitoring
and evaluation
• Integration of RCH-II/NRHM reporting format in existing HMIS software.
• Baseline and concurrent evaluation.
7. Behaviour Change Communication for increasing demand for RCH and
contraceptive services
• Intensive IEC for RCH-II and NRHM interventions.
• Provision for hiring of IEC van in all districts.
• Implementation of Integrated Media Plan.
• IEC done by printing of booklet, Banners, cards.
8. Specific Interventions
Maternal Health:
• RCH camps target:
• Dai training target:
• Night delivery facility at all PHCs and CHCs.
• Hiring of contractual staff (PHN) at CEmOCs.
• Provision of 1321 additional ANMS at 10 desert and tribal districts.
• STD/RTI drugs for PHCs.
• Jannani Suraksha Yojna
Child Health:
• Malnutrition corner at all 237 blocks.
• Purchase of ORS packets.
Adolescent Health
• AFHS training at 25% PHCs
Family Planning
• Improving quality of fix camps.
• Compensation scheme for sterilization.
• Blood donation camps.
9. Strengthening Networking and Partnership with the civil society
• Collaboration to build partnership to improve assess and quality of
health care service in services.
• Accreditation of Private nursing home for JSY.
• MNGO scheme in all districts.
• Annual consultation with stakeholders on NRHM.
• Social marketing of contraceptives and other health services.
10. Innovative schemes and pilot projects
• Pilot Project on Population stabilization initiated at Jhalawar & Tonk.
• A help line proposed at medical directorate for improving
communication between field level functionaries, districts and state
level officers.
• Campaign on Age at Marriage.
• Medical Mobile unit for all districts.
11. Improving and strengthening RCH Services in Tribal population
• Six districts, namely, Baran, Banswara, Chittorgarh Dungarpur, Sirohi
and Udaipur will be included as non-primitive tribal group districts
under the project in addition to the tribal population in the adjoining
blocks of Jhalawar and Kota district.
12. Establishing and strengthening RCH services in Urban Area
The programme will address the urban slum population in Jaipur, Jodhpur,
Kota, Bikaner, Pali, Udaipur, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bhilwara and Tonk
cities.
PIP for 8 urban slums is under process.
ROLE OF NGO
Improvements in equity were most pronounced for household practices
and coverage of home visits, and inequities.
CONCLUSION:
The mother and child is belong to a special group and vulnerable to disease
in the country therefore it is very important to protect of the health of the
expectant mother and her children is of prime importance for building of a
sound and healthy nation.
JOUNRAL ABSTRACT:
The NRHM is attempting to do things differently and to make a difference. It
has to negotiate its way through historical frameworks and approaches, deal
with a variety of strong competing interests, and of course, face resistance to
change, skepticism cynicism as well as apathy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WELFARE
PROGRAMMES RELATED TO
UNIT : 1
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SL NO CONTENT
1 INTRODUCTION:
2 OBJECTIVES:
GENERAL
SPECIPIC
3 TERMINOLOGIES:
4 CONTENT:
DEFINITION OF MCH
MCH PROGRAMMES
OBJECTIVES
CAUSES MMR
MCH SERVICES/ CSSM
RCH 2
DEFINITION OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
HEALTH CARE STSTEM
DEFINITION OF NRHM
NRHM VISION
NRHM GOAL
ASHA
ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR ASHA
KEY STRATEGIES OF NRHM
OUTCOMES OF NRHM
DEFINITION OF NGO
FUNCTION OF NGO
VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES
ROLE OF NGO
5 CONCLUSION
6 JOURNAL ABSTRACT